GF Automotive AG
Lightweight
Activities at
Georg Fischer
Workshop:
Functional and Innovative Lightweight
Concepts and Materials for HEVs
Lightweighting
2
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Georg Fischer AG
3
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Georg Fischer
Corporation
Georg Fischer AG: Three strong Divisions
GF Piping Systems
GF Automotive
GF Machining Solutions
Facts & Figures
Foundation:
Headquarter:
1802
Switzerland
124 companies in 32 countries
Listed (Swiss stock exchange)
For over 200 years independent
Employees:
Sales 2013:
4
14.000
CHF 3.8 billion
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Georg Fischer
Three strong Divisions
100% = CHF 3,77 billion ~ EUR 3,06 billion
40% GF Lightweight Solutions
37% GF Piping Systems
23% GF Machining Solutions
5
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Georg Fischer
Piping Systems
Your solution
GF Piping Systems is a leading
supplier of piping systems made of
plastics and metal
6
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
Georg Fischer
Automotive
Lighter Future
GF Automotive is a leading global
supplier of iron and light metal cast
components for the automotive
industry and industrial applications.
7
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
Georg Fischer
Machining Solutions
Keeping promises GF
Machining Solutions’ electric
discharge, high-speed milling and
laser texturing machines, along with
automation solutions, make it the
world’s leading provider
8
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
Georg Fischer
Clean Water Foundation
 Main purpose of the foundation is
the financial support of projects
related to the improvement of
access to clean drinkable water
for human beings
 Founded in 2002
 Over 110 Projects in
over 50 Countries
 GF Automotive has injected over
CHF 8 million
9
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
10
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Passion for your Lighter Future
EUR 1.22 Bill.
Sales
11
4 940
Employees
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
9 Production
Locations
GF Automotive
Segments & Products
~ 3000 Products ≙ 100 000 000 Parts
Iron: 62%
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Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Light Metal 38%
GF Automotive
Product Segment – Passenger Cars
Powertrain
Chassis
Body / Structure
13
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Product Summary – Passenger Cars
Average Production per Year
14
Chassis
Powertrain
Body / Structure
Axle
Steering
Brake
Subframe
Engine
Transmission
Drive Train
Interieur
Exterieur
> 15 000 000
> 1 300 000
> 450 000
> 3 700 000
> 9 000 000
> 1 300 000
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Product Segment – Comm. Vehicles
Powertrain
Chassis
Frame / Cab
15
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Product Summary – Comm. Vehicles
Average Production per Year
16
Chassis
Powertrain
Frame/ Cab
Axle
Steering
Brake
Engine
Transmission
Drive Train
Structuremounting parts
> 2 500 000
> 200 000
> 1 750 000
> 450 000
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
> 700 000
> 300 000
GF Automotive
Product Segment – Industrial Application
Energy & Engine
Industry &
Consumer
Offroad
17
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Global Locations
Cooperation
Grede
Iron Casting
Mettmann
Singen
Herzogenburg
Leipzig
LMDC
Werdohl
Altenmarkt
Herzogenburg
Iron Casting
Kunshan
LMDC
Suzhou
Cooperation
Riken
Headquarter and
R&D
Schaffhausen
Sales Office
Yokohama
Seoul
Countries delivered
by GF Lightweight Solutions
Production Site /
Headquarter
Sales Office
Cooperation
18
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Added Value: It does not stop with a
casting
19
Casting
Machining
Heat Treatment
Coating
Joining
Assembly
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Future Drivers for Lightweighting
E- Mobility
Downsizing
Design
CO2 Footprint
Material Development
20
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Development Competence
State-of-the-art processes:
From design phase to serial
production
Virtual Development:
The complete
component development
from material selection
to casting process is
simulated, validated and
continuously improved
21
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Material – Optimal Characteristics
Design
Maximize material
advantages:
GF Automotive´s R&D
Department develops state-ofthe-art alloys and maximizes
the specific characteristics of
iron, aluminum and
magnesium consequently
Process
Validation
Material
22
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Design – Ideal Shapes
Design
Using degree of freedom:
Virtual tests, simulations and
analyses shorten
development time and reduce
costs for real test runs. In
addition it is possible to define
dimensions, visualize shapes,
anticipate noise and
vibrations, simulate casting
processes and calculate the
lifetime of components.
Process
Validation
Material
23
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Process
Material
Validation
We know how to cast:
Our knowledge in innovation
and light weight construction
requires a continuous
evolution of proven
procedures. GF Automotive
relies on iron-sandcasting and
aluminum and magenesium
die-casting technologies to
cast products in best shape.
Our engineers will find the
optimal process for every part.
Design
Process – Precise Procedures
24
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Validation – Testing Materials and Parts
Design
Testing functions:
Our conviction, that our
products guarantee the
expected advantages, relies
on our accredited testing
laboratory. By state-of-the-art
testing methods,
GF Automotive validates inhouse and other parts already
during development phase.
Process
Validation
Material
25
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Material
26
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
GF Automotive
Casting or Carbon Composites?
Carbon
Iron
Aluminum
Magnesium
Recycling
Herstellung
Lower Energy Consumption
Repair
Recycling
Costs
Corrosion Resistance
Repair
Lighter
Resistance
Material Cycle
Production
27
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Material Comparison
GJS 400-15
GJS 450-10
SiboDur
700-10
Aluminum
Magnesium
Carbon
Fiber
Tensile
Strength Rm
(N/mm2)
Min. 400-450
Min. 700
277-338
217.5-230
3530-4560
0.2%-Yield
Stress Rp0,2
(N/mm2)
Min. 250-310
Min. 440
142-196
112.5-155
-
Elongation
(%)
Min. 10-15
8-12
3.5-12.5
3.5-10
1.1-1.5
Young’s –
Modulus
(kN/mm2)
175
175
72-77
43-45
230-395
Density
(g/cm3)
7.1
7.1
2.6-2.7
1.8
1.8
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Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Lightweighting Potential
Weight Reduction
Source University of Cambridge
29
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Repair Job
Metal Repair
Carbon Fiber Repair
30
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Production Chain
of Carbon Fiber and Magnesium
Carbon Fiber
Magnesium
31
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Carbon Fiber Production Chain
cracking
ammoxidation
plastics
polymerisation
oxidation
carbonisation
take effect stack
recycle
preform
assembly use
crude oil
propylene
acrylonitrile
precursor
oxidised fiber
carbon fiber
carbon fabrics
package
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Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
mould
CF part
scrap
GF Automotive
Magnesium Production Chain
high-pressure casting
electrolyse
melting
machining
assembly
use
dolomite
sea water
raw magnesium
liquid magnesium
recycle
casted product
finished product
part
33
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Manufacturing Climate Balance Sheet
CO2 Emissions
Due to pidgeon
process
Source University of Cambridge
34
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Manufacturing Energy Consumption
Energy
Energy Consumption
Consumption
Due to pidgeon
process
Source University of Cambridge
35
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Emission over Life-Cycle
Change of Perspective: Break-Even
Break Even:
0 km High Strength Steel
90.000 km Aluminum
120.000 km Magnesium
170.000 km Carbon Fibre
Source: VW, University of Cambridge
36
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Availability
Magnesium:
8th abundant element
in earth’s crust
Carbon fiber:
Uses polyacrylonitrile
37
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Recycling
Metals
Fully recyclable
Used in new alloys
Used as a mixture in new alloys
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Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Carbon Fiber
Recyclable?
At least downcycling or scrap
GF Automotive
Cost Comparison
Costs per Part (in % of Steel)
Steel
Aluminum
Magnesium
100
130
155
570
Carbon
Today
Tomorrow
Up to 3 times higher costs for carbon fibre
With new precursors and technological progress improving production
processes, a decrease of almost 30% in the global cost of composites is
expected between now and 2020
Source: McKinsey&Company, Magnesium own Research
University of Cambridge
39
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Lightweighting Potential
Weight Reduction
Source University of Cambridge
40
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Substitution of Sheet Metal Constructions
Weight Reduction
Casted aluminum compared to
steel sheet assembly out of 10
parts up to 45% less weight
41
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Carbon Fiber vs. Aluminum
100% Carbon?
Source: BMW AG
42
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Substitution of Sheet Metal Constructions
Weight Reduction
Seat frame in casted
Magnesium up to 30% less
weight than metal sheet
assembly
43
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Carbon Fiber vs. Magnesium
Carbon Fiber
Magnesium
Source BASF
- 30% Weight Reduction compared to
conventional Steel-based Designs
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Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
- 30% Weight Reduction compared to
conventional Steel-based Designs
GF Automotive
Bionic Design
Weight reduction
Iron steering knuckle up to
35% less weight through
bionic design
45
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
High Design Freedom for Castings
Front Steering Knuckle
Carbon
- 40%
46
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Iron
- 35%
GF Automotive
Material Strengths and Weaknesses
47
Iron / Steel
Aluminum
Magnesium
Carbon
Strength
++
+
o
++
Costs
++
+
o
--
Energy Consumption
+
o
-
-
Weight Reduction
-
+
++
++
Repair
++
+
+
--
Recycling
++
+
o
--
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Material Comparison
Weight per Part
Costs per Part
In % of Steel
In % of Steel
Steel
100
Aluminum
60
100
Steel
130
Aluminum
Magnesium
50
Magnesium
Carbon
50
Carbon
155
570
Process Reliability
Energy Consumption
Repair
Production
Sustainability
Recycling
Material Cycle
Serial Production
Process Reliability
Costs
Material
Source: McKinsey&Company, Magnesium own Research
48
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Which Material?
49
Steel
Carbon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Design
50
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
Bionic Design
Start
Principle
Topological Optimization
CAD
(Quelle: Prof. Dr. Claus Mattheck)
51
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Bionic Design
Before
After
GJS 700
7,2 kg
SiboDur® 700
6,3 kg
-12,5 %
52
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Bionic Design
Weight Reduction
Differential housing in iron
casting up to 15% less
weight than predecessor
through bionic design
53
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Substitution of System Parts
Weight Reduction
Crossmember, completely
casted in iron has 17% less
weight than combined
assembly out of steel sheet
and iron
54
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Substitution of Sheet Metal Constructions
Weight Reduction
Inno Door Frame in casted
Aluminum up to 40% less
weight than metal sheet
assembly
55
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Additional Lightweighting
Examples
56
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Product Samples in Series:
Maserati Quattroporte
Inner Door Frame
Alloy:
Weight :
AlMg5Si2Mn
4,8 kg (- 40%)
Copyright by Maserati
57
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Product Samples in Series:
Porsche Panamera
Cam Cover V6 (1-3 and 4-6)
Alloy:
Weight :
AE 44 / MgAl4RE4
1,36 / 1,2 kg (- 44%)
Copyright by Porsche
58
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Product Samples in Series:
Porsche Panamera
Oil Separator V6/V8
Alloy:
Weight:
AM50 / MgAl9Zn1
0,25 / 0,18 kg (-28%)
Copyright by Porsche
59
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Product Samples in Series:
Porsche Panamera
Oil Sump V6 2WD
Alloy:
Weight:
AE 44/MgAl4RE4
4,6 kg (- 47%)
Copyright by Porsche
60
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Product Samples in Series:
Porsche Panamera
Engine Front Cover
Alloy:
Weight:
AE 44/MgAl4RE4
2,6 kg (- 47%)
Copyright by Porsche
61
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Product Samples in Series:
Opel Cascada
Convertible Roof Top
Alloy:
Weight:
AM50HP
2,2 kg (- 40%)
Minimum wall thickness 1,2 mm
Anchor points for counter ropes
without processing
Copyright by Opel
62
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Product Samples in Series:
Smart fortwo
Instrument Panel Crossbar
Alloy:
Weight:
MgAl5Mn
2,4 kg
Copyright by Smart
63
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Product Samples in Series:
BMW X3
BMW X3
Box Swing Arm
Alloy:
Weight:
MgAl9Zn1 (AZ91)
0,8 kg (-35%)
Copyright by BMW
64
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Product Samples in Series:
Porsche Macan
Engine Front Cover
Alloy:
Weight:
AE44
2,6 kg (- 40%)
Copyright by Porsche
65
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
E-Mobility – New Applications
E- Mobility: Advantages of Castings
 Flexibility
 Integration
 Design Freedom
 Economic Efficiency
 Material Characteristics
 Part Characteristics
 …
66
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
E-Mobility – New Applications
Wheel carrier with
integrated planetary gear
Formula Student
67
Overview 2014 | 03/2014 | GF Automotive
E-Mobility – New Applications
Battery Housings
VW E-Golf
68
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
E-Mobility – New Applications
Powertrain Applications
Single-Piston
Audi A1 e-Tron Prototype
69
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Lightweigthing – Industrial Applications
Converter Housing
Drum Support
70
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Lightweigthing – Conclusion
Proved solution for lightweigthing? Castings offer…
High functional integration
High design freedom
Broad choice of materials
Large potential for weight savings
Compared to carbon fiber much lower costs and better recyclability
71
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Passion …
… for your
Lighter Future
72
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Contact
Klaus Decking
Head of Marketing, Communication & Services
Business Development New Markets
Phone +41 52 631 21 17
Mobile +41 79 633 11 37
Fax +41 52 631 28 59
klaus.decking@georgfischer.com
GF Automotive
Georg Fischer Automotive AG
Amsler-Laffon-Strasse 9
8201 Schaffhausen
Switzerland
www.gfau.com
73
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Disclaimer
This document is for presentation
purposes only and should not be
construed as an offer, invitation or
solicitation to subscribe for, purchase
or sell any investment. Neither it nor
anything it contains shall form the
basis of any contract whatsoever.
Opinions expressed herein reflect the
current judgement of the management
of Georg Fischer. The presentation
contains forward-looking statements
that involve risks and uncertainties. The
actual results of Georg Fischer may
differ materially from those anticipated
in these forward-looking statements
and forecasts as a result of a number
of factors.
74
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
The management of Georg Fischer
does not accept any liability whatsoever
with respect to the use of this
presentation.
Backup
75
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Lightweighting
Material
Bionic Design
- 45%
Function Integration
- 32%
- 45%
76
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Product Segment – Passenger Cars
Powertrain
Chassis
Body / Structure
77
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Product Segment – Comm. Vehicles
Powertrain
Chassis
Frame / Cab
78
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Product Segment – Industrial Application
Energy & Engine
Industry &
Consumer
Offroad
79
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Lightweight Solutions
Rohstoff- und Energieversorgung
Beschaffung und Sicherung von
Rohstoffen und Energie
 Rohstoff- und Energierückgewinnung
mit Hilfe moderner Techniken
 Einkauf über weltweit agierende
Spezialistenteams
 Mehrjahresverträge mit strategischen
Partnern
 Virtuelle Beteiligungen bei
Rohstoff- und Energielieferanten
80
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Vergleich von Aluminium und Magnesium
Aluminium
Magnesium
2,7 g/cm3
1,8 g/cm3
70 GPa
45 GPa
Wärmeleitfähigkeit
238 W/mK
156 W/mK
Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient
23,5 10-6/K
26,0 10-6/K
+
++
710 – 740 °C
670 - 690°C
> 2,0 mm
> 1,5 mm
nicht notwendig
SO2, (SF6)
Werkzeugstandzeit
100.000
150.000
(Kontakt)-Korrosion
+
-
Fügetechnologie
++
o
Recyclingfähigkeit
++
+
Dichte
E-Modul
Gießbarkeit
Gießtemperatur
Wandstärken
Schutzgas (Brandgefahr)
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
81
Weitere Merkmale Magnesium /
Aluminium
Aluminium
Magnesium
> 3,5
> 2,5
Festigkeit
+
0
Gießbarkeit
+
++
Werkzeugstandzeit
0
++
Korrosion
+
-
Kosten
+
0
Gewinde
+
+
Nieten
+
+
Stanznieten
+
-
Stanzen
+
+
Schweissen
+
-
Wandstärken
02/2011
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
Magnesium-Druckguss im Motorenbau 82
Produkteigenschaften:
Magnesium im Vergleich zu Aluminium
 Bessere Fliessfähigkeit
 dünnwandigere Bauteile möglich (<1,5mm)
 geringere Auszugsschrägen möglich
 komplexere Bauteile möglich
 hohe Oberflächengüte erreichbar
 Geringere Toleranzen im Gusszustand erreichbar
 Tlws. geringere Nacharbeit notwendig
Tlws. geringere Bearbeitung notwendig, da fertiggegossen
 Mg-Legierungen haben starke Neigung zu Kontaktkorossion
 Tlws. ist zusätzliche Beschichtung erforderlich
 Ggfs. spezielle Fügetechnik erforderlich
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
83
GF Automotive
Development Competence
State-of-the-art processes:
From design phase to serial
production
Virtual Development:
The complete component
development from material
selection to casting
process is simulated,
validated and continuously
improved
84
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Innovation in Material, Design & Process
Material: e.g. AluSiDur
Process: Core Technology
High Strength Aluminum
Lightweight Crankshafts
Design: e.g. Cross Member
Design: e.g. Structural Parts
Substitution
Lightmetal
85
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Bionic Design
Principals:
 Resources in Nature are limited
 Biological mass must be applied
efficiently
 Structures in nature aim to
maximal light weight construction
with minimum stress loads
86
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Bionic Design Examples
Before
After
 GJS 700
 7,2 kg
 SiboDur® 700
 6,3 kg
- 12,5%
87
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Bionic Design Examples
Topologieoptimierung
Start Model
Topologie
Optimierung
Bionic Design
Finite
Element
Analyse
88
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Bionic Design Examples
Befor
After
 GJS 400
 4,4 kg
 SiboDur® 700
 3,0 kg
- 32%
89
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Bionic Design
Weight reduction
Differential housing in iron
casting up to 15% less
weight than predecessor
through bionic design
90
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Substitution of System Parts
Weight reduction
Crossmember, completely
casted in iron has 17% less
weight than combined
assembly out of steel sheet
and iron
91
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Emission during Production Process counts
Change of Perspective
Source: VW
92
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Development Competence
State-of-the-art processes:
From design phase to serial
production
Virtual Development:
The complete
component development
from material selection
to casting process is
simulated, validated and
continuously improved
93
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking
GF Automotive
Substitution of Aluminum through
Magnesium in Powertrain Applications
Weight reduction
Front cover in casted
Magnesium up to 45% less
weight than aluminum
94
Lightweight Activities at Georg Fischer | 10/2014 | K. Decking