MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment
Manila, Philippines
A Proposed Philippine Cultural Living Museum
Sustaining Green Spaces Whilst Designing Enclosed Structures
A Thesis presented to
The Faculty of School of Architecture
In partial fulfillment of the course requirements in
Architectural Design 11: Thesis Research Application 2
For the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Submitted by
Katrina Vanessa T. Aterrado
2008123004
On
March 2012
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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
APPROVAL SHEET
This undergraduate thesis attached herewith entitled A Proposed Philippine Cultural Living Museum Sustaining Green Spaces Whilst Designing An
Enclosed Structure, prepared by Katrina Vanessa T. Aterrado, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture is
hereby accepted.
Arch. Anna Christina Ealdama
Thesis Adviser
Arch. Felix Ressurreccion
Arch. Marlon Carino
Thesis Jury
Arch. Perry Sanga
Accepted:
Arch. Gloria B. Teodoro
March 2012
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ABSTRACT
A PROPOSED PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
SUSTAINING GREEN SPACES WHILST DESIGNING AN ENCLOSED STRUCTURE
BY
KATRINA VANESSA T. ATERRADO
MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2011
INTRAMUROS, MANILA
ARCH’T. CHRISTINA EALDAMA, MS.ARCH
Thesis Adviser
The ways on how to house the Philippines’ intangible cultural properties was studied on this thesis book – this may also be stated as the relationship of
preserving & promotion Philippines’ intangible cultural properties to Architecture. The client of the project has goals about it – to give identity to their place
(Tagaytay City) and make it a tourist destination instead of just weekend destinations. The proponent had conducted a survey with regards to the Philippine
culture – on how well the Filipinos know and how they are interested about their culture and how do they want those to be housed/preserved; and about the
site – about the visitors’ feedback about the site. And most of them know about the basics about the culture and are not too interested about the culture, they
liked the site because of its location, the view and the climate and most likely, they would come back to the place, but most of the repondents have commented
about their disappointments on the site. The proponent, therefore, concluded that the proposal will be of big help to the client’s goals.
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About the Author
ATERRADO, KATRINA VANESSA T.
“God is the Greatest Architect”
(This is her motivation and God is her inspiration.)
The proponent is a daughter of Architect Precila Tibayan-Aterrado (obviously, her mother is her influence) and Arnaldo Aterrado
(a Contractor). She lives in Tagaytay City. She is a senior Architecture student from the Mapúa Institute of Technology. She
graduated her secondary school from Tagaytay City Science National High School. She is a member of the Student Council of the
School of AR-ID-BE since 2010 to the present and a member of the United Architects of the Philippines-Student Auxiliary Mapua
Chapter. Aside from being active in school organizations, she is a chapter leader of the Youth for Christ-Tagaytay Chapter and a
member of the dance troupe. She was once a member of two cultural dance troupes “TCSNHS Dance Troupe” and the “MIT-Sining
Kalinangan Dance Troupe”. She has experienced to work during her On-the-Job Training Program at the Medeliano T. Roldan Jr.,
and Associates.
About her thesis:
She came up to this, with the idea in her mind that the Philippine Culture is already fading and facts such as knowing that the generation of today is adapting
other cultures instead of our own. Being a lover of the Philippine’s folk dances, she came up of proposing a Living Museum to preserve and promote the
Philippines’ splendid culture.
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Acknowledgements
This thesis project would not have been possible without the support of many people.
The author wishes to express her gratitude to first and foremost, her adviser, Arch’t. Christina Ealdama, who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable
assistance, support and guidance.
To the people who cooperated in her interviews and surveys without whose knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful.
Special thanks also to all her friends, for their undying support and for sharing a lot of their time in helping her accomplish her studies and final outputs.
Not forgetting, to her bestfriends (Billy Joy Creus and Marvin John Angeles and the rest of ‘Baudesgartes’) who always been there (maybe not physically but
she knows they are there).
To her roommates, Lea Jane Tolentino and Beryllaine Barredo, for listening to her and giving their insights about the project, thank you so much.
To her MIT professors who taught her a lot and sharing their knowledge to her, thank you very much.
To her Youth for Christ family, thank you so much for all your prayers and moral support.
To her God’s gift, thank you for all your support, time, help and love. ♥
The author wishes to express her love and gratitude to her beloved families; not only for providing her financially but also for their understanding & endless
love, through the duration of her studies.
To her mom who has been her inspiration in pursuing this career.
To all who was not been mentioned, THANK YOU SO MUCH!
Lastly, to my God and savior, you’ve been so good to me. Let thy will be done and thy plans be pushed. Thank you so much, Papa God! :)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Approval Sheet
Abstract
Author
Acknowledgement Sheet
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
1.0 The Problem
1.1 Background / Overview
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Project Goal, Objectives and Strategies
1.4 Significance of the Research
1.5 Review of Related Literature
1.6 Conceptual Framework
1.7 Research Methodology
1.7.1 Oral Investigation
1.7.1.1 Interviews
1.7.1.2 Questionnaire/ Survey
1.7.2 Archival Research
1.7.3 Case Studies
1.8 Scope and Limitations of the Study
1.9 Definition of Terms
2.0 Sustaining Green Spaces Whilst Designing an Enclosed Structure
2.1 Rationale
2.2 Discussion of principles and relevance to the project
Page
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iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
2
4
5
6
7
44
46
49
53
55
66
66
70
70
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2.3 Recommendations for application
3.0 Architectural Programming Data
3.1 Site Selection Process
3.1.1 Setting the Criteria
3.1.2 Description of Site Options
3.1.3 Site Selection and Justification
3.1.4 Site Analysis
3.1.5 Laws and Ordinances Pertaining to the Site
3.1.6 Site Development Options
3.2 Space Programming Data
3.2.1 Space Programming Index
3.2.2 Users Analysis
4.0 Design Solutions
4.1 Concept Board
4.2 Site Development Plan
4.3 Site Perspectives
4.4 The Living Museum
4.5 Administration and Performers’ Building
4.6 Commercial Building
4.7 Exhibit Boards
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79
83
84
121
127
130
130
135
136
137
138
143
147
149
Bibliography or References
Appendices
vii
List of Tables
Table 1.1
Tourist Arrivals in Tagaytay City
3.1
Land Area per Barangay
3.2
Population per Barangay
3.3
Land Allocation
3.4
General Land Use Shifts
3.5
Urban Land Use Shifts
Figure 1.1
Research Paradigm
1.2
Survey Question 1
1.3
Survey Question 2
1.4
Survey Question 3
1.5
Survey Question 4
1.6
Survey Question 5
1.7
Survey Question 6
1.8
Survey Question 7
1.9
Survey Question 8
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88
97
98
99
44
50
50
50
50
51
51
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Chapter 1
own people. Based on the www.philippinecountry.com, our colorful and
lively Philippine culture that makes us distinctly Filipino is the one thing that
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Background of the Study
makes us different from the rest of the world.
Filipinos are starting to forget the very good culture we have due to the new
generation and the adapted culture from different countries. In fact, most
Culture has many meanings, depending on its nature of use. In this case,
children nowadays don‟t really know the things behind every celebration and
anthropology is the study that is concerned for culture. One anthropologist,
festivity that they are attending, like fiestas, festivals, processions, and the like.
Edward Tylor, said that culture is, “that complex whole which includes
Maybe they know the basic facts about every tradition, but they usually do not
knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and
mind the reason behind these, where, when, and how those started. Based on
habits acquired by man as a member of society.” To support this, for some, it
an article, entitled “Museum-Crazy in the City”, from the Philippine Daily
refers to an appreciation of good literature, music, art, and food.
Inquirer (April 17, 2002) issue; Filipinos in general, are far from being culture
vultures. In fact, if not for school field trips and the patronage of tourists from
The Philippines is very well known for its colorful culture and tradition. In almost
abroad, museums in this country can hardly thrive. Even the dances and songs
7, 107 islands of the archipelago, there are different cultures that must be well
from the past that they watch and hear are not familiar to them. They do not
preserved because these cultures characterize Filipinos. The culture is the most
know that, long time ago, these dances and songs make our parents,
important treasure of every nation that no one can take away except their
grandparents, grand-grandparents, and so on, happy. These are their past
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
times, at the same time, they develop their talents. These are only few of the
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, western practices, as well as traditional
very splendid culture of the Philippines that is, sad to say, already fading
ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipino way of life. While the new era
because of the new adapted culture. But what is Philippines without the old
brought in a modern lifestyle that was readily embraced by the people, a
culture? What identity can we hold to say that we are Filipinos without it?
number of customs and traditions are still being practised as in the past. But
take note of the term, “a number”, which means only few of the many culture
The culture of the Philippines reflects the complexity of the history of the
of the Philippines are being practised nowadays. As time passes by, new
Philippines through the blending of many diverse traditional Malay heritages
generations are coming; new trends influence the Filipinos and eventually let
mixed with Spanish, American and other Asian cultures. Based on the Philippine
them forget about our culture. Knowing the fact that this culture creates the
Cultural information, the existence of a number of different languages, dialects
character of the Philippines, the original culture must be preserved and
and religious traditions has meant that the Filipinos developed no single
promoted.
national culture. Most probably, the reason for this multi-culture of the
Philippines is the physical characteristic of the country. The Philippines is an
Aside from these, the government of the city of Tagaytay (the client for the
archipelago with 7, 107 islands which creates differences among the cultures
project) is aiming to give their city an identity because according to Ms. Lanie
of every group. But still, there are common practices among these cultures.
Diesta, Tagaytay has no self-identity, nothing to call their own and that
Culture has two types of properties: tangible (those that can be touched/
Tagaytay is only a weekend destination not a tourist destination – and this
collected) and the intangible (untoucheable like oral traditions, dances, songs,
results to aiming of the city to make Tagaytay a tourist destination instead of
etc).
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
just a weekend destination (which the Tagaytay government gave different
preserve the tangible like surrendering artifacts in museums or
meanings).
galleries, but how about the intangible culture? Since it is more
important because it is the “living culture,”
With these, the proponent has thought of studying about the cultural tourism in
How can the intangible culture be housed and preserved like that of the
the Philippines and how can Architecture be of help in preserving and
tangible ones?
promoting the splendid culture of the Philippines. In this thesis book, the
relationship between architecture and the culture will be discussed. Moreover,
the things that Architecture may provide to promote and preserve the Filipino
1.2.2. Sub-Problems

culture, more specifically the intangible culture, will be analyzed and how well
the proposed structure can keep the tangible cultural property and expose the
which can promote the cultural tourism in the Philippines?

intangible ones.
How can architecture define and characterize Philippine
Architecture?

1.2.
What aspects of Philippine Culture needs to be highlighted
What are the new technologies and trends in Architecture that
Statement Of The Problem
may be incorporated to promote and preserve the Philippine
1.2.1. Main Problem
Culture?
Culture has two types of properties: tangible (those that can be
touched/ collected) and the intangible (untoucheable like oral

What is intangible culture? How can the intangible cultures of
the Philippines be housed in a structure?
traditions, dances, songs, etc). There are ways to conserve and
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM

1.3.
What differences can be made to diverge the existing
With this, the client also proposed that this structure can make the
structures for cultural tourism in the Philippines?
tourism industry in the city and make it a „tourist‟ destination instead.
Project Goals, Objectives & Strategies
1.3.2. Objectives and Strategies
1.3.1. Goals
The main objective of the project is to determine the coordination of
Goals (Proponent)
Architecture to the promotion and preservation of the Philippine culture.
The main goal of the project is to prevent the loss of the Philippine

To develop a design of structure that incorporates the culture of the
culture in Filipinos mind through Architecture. With this, it is also a goal
Philippines in a modern way.
of the project to promote and preserve the Philippine culture with the
o Identify the different traditions and cultures in the Philippines
aid of Architecture by creating a strucuture that incorporates Philippine
that may entertain and teach the users.
culture which would encourage tourist especially the local tourists to be
o Find out the spaces that may be incorporated in the structure.
interested again in their own culture.
o Differentiate this structure from the cultural museums existing in
Goals (Client-Tagaytay City Government)
the Philippines such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines,
The main goal of the client for the project is to give the City of
National Museum, Nayong Pilipino and the like.
Tagaytay an identity. The city is a well-known „weekend‟ destination.
o Identify the best feature of known cultural tourists‟ spots in the
Philippines and incorporate them in the structure.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM

To define and characterize the Philippine Culture with the aid of
will provide more information to the next generations especially to the
Architecture.
target beneficiaries such as the succeeding batches of architecture
o Analyze and develop ways on how to preserve and promote
students that would aim to propose or to students that are given the
the Philippine culture through Architecture.
o Search and gather more information about the Philippine
culture and Architecture.
o Know how well the local people of the Philippines knew about
the Philippine culture.
chance to study such topic. This will surely provide information from
reliable sources. Information that may be provided by the proponent
for future uses may be replicated provided that, the researcher would
be acknowledged. Also, since there is only a short span of time for the
research process, future further researches may stimulate so as to either
support or may also correct the statements or information that will be
1.4.
Significance Of The Study And Of The Project
discussed on this study provided that it would be proved and tested.
1.4.1. Significance of the Study
Moreover, the study is very much important for the collection and
The thesis book will provide information needed to better understand
analysis of data to develop a better solution to the problem, which is
the relationship of architecture to the preservation and promotion of
the loss of the Philippine culture.
the Philippine culture, of how Architecture may help in the prevention of
the loss of the culture. In the future, this would be of big help to the
Architecture students who will be studying related topics from this. This
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
1.4.2. Significance of the Project
TO THE LOCALS (SITE):
TO THE PHILIPPINES:
The project will open job opportunities to the locals from the chosen
This project will revive the fading culture specifically the intangible
site. At the same time, this is one chance of showcasing Filipino talents
properties. It will prevent the loss of the fading ones and promote the
from unknown people which may give way to make them famous
authentic intangible cultures. As a result to these, the Philippines will
performers.
then again revive its character and identity. Moreover, this will add to
the tourism industry in the Philippines, especially to the local tourism
TO ARCHITECTURE:
industry of the chosen site. Aside from the fact that it will educate
The project will be a new way of keeping and, at the same time,
locals, it will promote cultural tourism to the foreign tourists but more to
exposing the Philippine‟s culture, specifically the intangible property. It
the local tourists which are the main target market of the project.
will be a new structure different from other cultural centers where fun,
excitement, wonders of culture and creativity will be seen and
TO THE FILIPINOS:
experienced.
We all know that most of the Filipinos today do not really know about
the intangible culture, when in fact, they are the ones who have to know
1.5.
Review Of Related Literature
this. The project will help the Filipinos, especially the students, know
1.5.1. DEFINING CULTURE
about how each of the intangible culture started. This will let them feel
Based on http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm,
the patriotism since they know how they started.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
for anthropologists and other behavioral scientists, culture is the full
cultural patterns--they are things that were made and used through
range of learned human behavior patterns. The term was first used in
cultural knowledge and skills.
this way by the pioneer English Anthropologist Edward B. Tylor in his
book, Primitive Culture, published in 1871. Tylor said that culture is
If this is so, culture must be seen and experienced continuously even as
"that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals,
time passes by. This is to make the culture remain and be authentic.
custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
What can the remains actually give to the learners to know about the
member of society."
culture? How long can these artifacts remain? How about the living
culture – the intangible properties aside from the tangible properties
Based on http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm, culture is a
of culture which are said to be the evidences of the intangible
powerful human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. It is
properties?
constantly changing and easily lost because it exists only in our minds.
Our written languages, governments, buildings, and other man-made
1.5.2. INTANGIBLE CULTURAL PROPERTY
things are merely the products of culture. They are not culture in
Based on the answers from the questionnaires sent by the UNESCO to
themselves. For this reason, archaeologists can not dig up culture
National Commissions, from Lao People‟s Democratic Republic,
directly in their excavations. The broken pots and other artifacts of
intangible cultural heritage is the whole human spiritual values and
ancient people that they uncover are only material remains that reflect
practices created and adopted during its long stages of historical
evolutions such as: wisdom, knowledge, know-how, arts, literature,
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
morals, good use and social practices, etc. whose main function is to
environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and
humanize and civilize oneself and the others in their life in groups or in
provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting
society. From Myanmar, tangible cultural is the material aspect and
respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. For the purposes of
intangible culture is the spiritual aspect of life. Visual arts are tangible
this Convention, consideration will be given solely to such intangible
culture. Performing arts are intangible.
cultural heritage as is compatible with existing international human
rights instruments, as well as with the requirements of mutual respect
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia of Knowledge, according to the
among communities, groups and individuals, and of sustainable
2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural
development.
Heritage, the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) – or living heritage – is
the mainspring of humanity's cultural diversity and its maintenance a
Several countries, as well as UNESCO, are making efforts to protect
guarantee for continuing creativity. It is defined as follows: Intangible
intangible culture. Most notable are Japan (which instituted a law in
Cultural Heritage means the practices, representations, expressions,
1950 protecting intangible culture) and the South Korea (1962). In
knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and
2003, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Safeguarding of the
cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in
Intangible Cultural Heritage. This went into effect on April 20, 2006.
some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This
UNESCO has also created other intangible culture programs, such as a
intangible cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation,
list called Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible
is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their
Heritage of Humanity. This list began in 2001 with 19 items and a
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
further 28 were listed in 2003 and another 43 in 2005. It was
one of the priorities of international cooperation thanks to UNESCO's
superseded in 2008 by the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.
leading role in the adoption of the Convention for the Safeguarding
of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
According to the UNESCO, cultural heritage is not limited to material
manifestations, such as monuments and objects that have been
There are many definitions of the intangible cultural property/
preserved over time. This notion also encompasses living expressions
materials. Which should be considered? If you browse into these
and the traditions that countless groups and communities worldwide
meanings, you will be noticing that there would be commonality
have inherited from their ancestors and transmit to their descendants,
among them. Since the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
in most cases orally. Many years of research undertaken by UNESCO
Cultural Organization have had researches about this, their definition
on the functions and values of cultural expressions and practices have
must be the one to consider.
opened the door to new approaches to the understanding, protection
and respect of the cultural heritage of humanity. This living heritage,
1.5.3. CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINE CONTEXT
known as intangible, provides each bearer of such expressions a
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, the culture of the
sense of identity and continuity, insofar as he or she takes ownership
Philippines reflects the complexity of the history of the
of them and constantly recreates them. As a driving force of cultural
Philippines through the blending of many diverse
diversity, living heritage is very fragile. In recent years, it has
traditional Malay heritages mixed with Spanish, American and
received international recognition and its safeguarding has become
other Asian cultures.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
According to the Department of Tourism, the major cultural agencies of
Hispanic influences, the older Asian aspects of Filipino culture are seen
government are the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the National
through the strength of filial piety, family and its influence, empahasis
Historical Institute, the National Museum, The National Library, the
on the group before the individual, the concept of maintaining social
Records Management and Archives Office, and the Commission on the
harmony, ancient cultural beliefs and mythology, the complexities of
Filipino Language. The Heads of these cultural agencies are all ex-
local psychology (such as hiya or shame and the concept of
officio members of the NCCA Board and all except the Commission on
saving face), and accepted social etiquette between other Filipinos.
the Filipino Language are together under the National Commission on
Within Asia, this Western-Eastern juxtaposition is most seen in the
Culture and Arts.
Philippines, and continues to fascinate many a guest to the country.
Based on the “Tourism Development and Community: Four Philippine
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, The Philippines is a country that
Case Studies in Boracay, Samal, Marinduque and Davao”, the
contains a myriad of different amalgated cultures and influences. The
identification of culture change as „positive‟ or „negative‟, or the
superficial face of modern Filipino culture has many more influences
recognition of a need to ameliorate change, or alter its direction and
from the Western world than other nearby Asian cultures. Most of these
effects, can only be made by the people whose culture it is. But this is
influences are a product of previous colonization and derived mainly
not as simple as it sounds because no community is homogeneous.
from the cultures of Spain and the United States, with a secondary
People in different social, economic and political positions have
influence from Latin American cultures who were under Spain during the
different perceptions and different priorities. Because of this, the
same period the Philippines was. Despite the visual Western and
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
degree to which a culture, or even a particular tradition is „shared‟, is
embraced by the people, a number of customs and traditions are still
relative, and so is the power to create change or to ensure continuity.
being practised as in the past.
Based on an article, entitled Culture and Tradition, Western practices,
But take note of the term, “a number”, which means only few of the
as well as traditional ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipiono way
many culture of the Philippines are being practised nowadays. As time
of life. While the new era brought in a modern lifesyle that
passes by, new generations are coming; new trends influence the
was readily embraced by the people, a number of customs and
Filipinos and eventually let them forget about our culture. Knowing the
traditions are still being practised as in the past.
fact that this culture creates the character of the Philippines, the original
Based on an article, entitled Culture and Tradition, Western practices,
culture must be preserved and promoted.
as well as traditional ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipiono way
of life. While the new era brought in a modern lifesyle that
These statements are proofs of the present cultural situation of the
was readily embraced by the people, a number of customs and
Filipinos. Since the Philippines is an archipelago, the different groups
traditions are still being practised as in the past.
vary in cultural customs/ heritage. Nowadays, Filipinos are grouped
based on social and economical states. Because of the new generation,
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, western practices, as well as
Filipinos, especially those in the cities/ urbanized places do not see
traditional ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipino way of life.
culture as important as their businesses or jobs while those living in
While the new era brought in a modern lifestyle that was readily
rural, the tribes, and people in the provinces see culture as one of the
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
most important treasure that they have which they have to preserve
Singapore. One of the fastest tourist market growths are those
through exposing it up to the coming generations. But as Filipinos, is it
from China, and India. Based on an article from http://www.cebu-
not important to treasure the culture they have inherited from their
philippines.net/philippine-culture.html, entitled Philippine Culture and
ancestors? Is it not the important thing that the Filipinos must share?
Tourism, the hospitality of the Filipino culture is one of the reasons why
Doesn‟t it make any sense at all in the identity of the Filipinos? It is one
tourism in the Philippines is steadily growing. Foreigners and tourists
of the very important things that Filipinos must be proud of because
who have experienced the Philippine culture and being with Filipinos
most foreigners visit the Philippines because of the very splendid culture
find them very hospitable. This is a common trait that Filipinos are
they have.
known for to most foreigners who have traveled around the country.
1.5.4. TOURISM IN THE PHILIPPINES
This is just one of the Philippines‟ special features that the Filipinos
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, tourism plays an important role
really can be proud of and never be ashamed to be promoted for
in the Philippine economy. In the year 2000, net tourism income in the
tourists. Filipinos are well known for being hospitable which only means
Philippines totaled to 2.1 billion U.S. dollars. Most of the foreign
that they are very welcoming to visitors. This becomes one great factor
tourists came from the United States, Japan, South Korea, Hong
for the Philippines to invite tourists from other countries because they
Kong, Australia, New Zealand, and The Netherlands. There were also
know that they are welcoming, therefore, they can make visitors come
tourists coming from Taiwan, Great
back – which is one important aspect in tourism, making tourists go and
Britain, Germany, Canada,Israel, Russia, Spain, Poland, France and
come back in your place.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
1.5.5. CULTURAL TOURISM
one culture in contact with another for the specific purpose of that
Based on an article from http://www.sccs.swarth-
contact, in a touring situation.
more.edu/users/00/ckenned1/definition.html, Hughes (1996) argues
that cultural tourism “tends to be applied to trips whenever cultural
Based on “Cultural Carribean Niche Markets-5”, Cultural, heritage and
resources are visited regardless of initial motivation. The term is limited,
historical tourism describes all tourist trips that include cultural activities
too, by a failure to include „entertainment‟. He classifies those tourists
(e.g. the visiting of monuments or sites), as well as experiences and
who want to “experience „culture‟ in the sense of a distinct way of life”
interaction with local people.
as “ethnic tourism”. However, I do not find this distinction particularly
useful, at least for my limited purposes here. While, Stebbins (1996),
Gail Dexter Lord had a keynote presentation at Wisconsin Heritage
he writes, “Cultural tourism is a genre of special interest tourism based
Tourism Conference Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin on September 17,
on the search for and participation in new and deep cultural
1999 entitled, “Power of Cultural Tourism”, she started by briefly
experiences, whether aesthetic, intellectual, emotional, or
exploring continuing patterns and recent trends in cultural tourism.
psychological”. According to Caitlin Kennedy, he found that Stebbins‟
Specific trends, such as the increasing influence of the Internet and the
writings were useful, it incorporates a variety of cultural forms,
impact of blockbusters and special events, present new opportunities to
including museums, galleries, festivals, architecture, historic sites, artistic
communicate and reach potential cultural tourists. Others, such as the
performances, and heritage sites, as well as any experience that brings
growth of younger and more diverse cultural tourists and the increasing
popularity of short “get-away” trips, have an impact on the types of
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
packaging and partnering initiatives that can be presented to cultural
To sum this up, cultural tourism may refer to the relationship of the past
tourists in order to strategically capture the market. I will also suggest
and the future. Or should I say, bringing the past in the present and
that while significant opportunities for cultural tourism emerge from
bringing back what has been gone. It is a term that may be used in
identified trends and patterns, opportunities must be considered in the
visiting places that your main puropose for visiting is its cultural
context of expectations held by the cultural tourist; for example, a
background or how the culture has been preserved. Cultural tourism
desire for – and expectation of - experiences rather than objects,
may help in the preservation of intangible culture and keeping of
authenticity rather than fabrication, and the desire to contribute to a
tangible cultures. Nowadays, cultural tourism may be represented by
sustainable environment.
museums, cultural centers and the like. But it must not be closed for what
it is; cultural tourism may incorporate experience in it so as to make it
According to Secretary Gemma Cruz-Araneta in her article in Travel
work even more.
Post on December 1998 issue, entitled, “Community Culture & History: A
New Thrust for Philippine Tourism”, that all great tourist destinations in
1.5.6. MUSEOLOGY
the world – such as Europe and Asia – are finally great because of the
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia of Knowledge, museology is
powerful pull of history and culture. Ancient civilizations and
defined as the diachronic study of museums and how they have
magnificent structures dot their landscapes, and they hark back to times
established and developed in their role as an educational mechanism
now gone.
under social and political pressures.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
1.5.7. MUSEUM ARCHITECTURE
effort was made to make the setting for the exhibits as neutral as
Based on the “Key Concepts of Museology” by André Desvallées and
possible – even if this meant sacrificing all or part of the existing
François Mairesse, museum architecture is defined as the art of
historical décor. The invention of electricity greatly facilitated these
designing and installing or building a space that will be used to house
improvements and allowed the lighting systems to be completely
specific museum functions, more particularly the functions of exhibition
revised. 24New functions that emerged in the second half of the 20th
and display, preventive and remedial active conservation, study,
century led to major architectural changes: the increase in the number
management, and receiving visitors. Although the form of museum
of temporary exhibitions led to a different distribution of collections
buildings was often focused on safeguarding collections, it evolved as
between the permanent exhibition and storage spaces; the
new functions in museum work were developed. So it was that after
development of visitor facilities, educational workshops and rest areas,
seeking solutions for better lighting of the exhibits (Souffl ot, Brébion,
in particular the creation of large multi-purpose spaces; the
1778; J.-B. Le Brun, 1787), for distributing the collections better
development of bookshops, restaurants and shops for selling items
throughout the museum building (Mechel, 1778-1784), and for
relating to the exhibitions. But at the same time, the decentralisation by
structuring the exhibition space better (Leo von Klenze, 1816-1830), at
regrouping and by subcontracting some museum operations required
the beginning of the 20th century museum people realised that the
the building or installation of specialised autonomous buildings: firstly,
permanent exhibitions must be reduced. To this end they created
restoration workshops and laboratories which could specialise while
storage areas, either by sacrificing exhibition rooms or by creating
serving several museums, then storage areas located away from the
space in the basement, or by building new structures. In addition, every
exhibition spaces.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Therefore, trends in museums/museology changes from time to time to
dignified. To present anything but the most serious mien to the world
conform to the needs of the visitors and how it will be more
cast doubt upon the Majesty of state (at whatever level) and would be
educational. Museums tend to have temporary exhibits than permanent
as tasteless as giggling during the Bishop‟s blessing. Two, they are
so as to make visitors come back.
almost sure to be at least one generation behind the times, stylistically.
This comes about quite naturally, since the officials and appointees who
1.5.8. MUSEUM
serve as the “client” are usually elderly (often in outlook if not in actual
A museum is a non-profit, permanent institution in the service of society
years) and deeply impressed by themselves, their titles, and their
and its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves,
duties. They do not take kindly to bursts of imagination or originality
researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible
from their architect. As a matter of fact, there is very little danger of
heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of education,
such an occurrence, since the architect is generally chosen by these very
study and enjoyment. (ICOM Statutes, adopted during the 21st
same officials.(“Architecture and People” by Eugene Raskin, A.I.A., USA,
General Conference in Vienna, Austria, in 2007).
1974).
Houses of legislature, state and national capitols, post offices, museums,
Museums continue to evolve and change. New technologies, emerging
and so forth vary as much as any other category of buildings, but two
art forms and collections, and diverse audiences have given rise to new
generalizations can be made about them with a certain degree of
museums and exhibition environments. The functional and operational
confidence: one, they are almost invariably impressive, monumental,
requirements that are unique to this building type are the focus of this
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
section. Traditionally, the primary mission of a museum is to safeguard
Strategic Plan
its collection. Two of the most important functional requirements are
As a method of moving forward from a mission statement, museums
physical security and maintaining constant temperature and relative
develop strategic plns. The strategic plan is the first step towards
humidity to unusually high standards. (Time Saver Standards for
defining the programs and activities necessary to achieve the museum‟s
Building Types: Fourth Edition)
stated purpose. It describes audiences, accessory services, special
community requirements, staffing, facilities, and financial resources.
Museum Mission Statement
Museums usually have clear statements of their reason for being. The
Contrary to the idea of museum as an ellitist institution, most
traditional statement includes the mission “to preserve, protect, and
contemporary museums aspire to become an integral part of their
exhibit.” However, there are significant variations between institutions
community. This message should be clear and visible – from the initial
beyond this. Some are “collecting” institutions, some have a static
encounter with the building all the way to the exhibition. Architecturally,
collection, and others do not collect as a core activity. Some museums
the museum may aspire to integrate itself into its surrounding urban
have a strong emphasis on education, with art schools or classrooms
fabric and respond to the community‟s circulation pattern, or it may
being an integral part of the facility. Others emphasize community
stand in stark contrast to its context.
services and include accessory uses for social and community functions
The museum is often seen as an important civic building and cultural
and special events. (Time Saver Standards for Building Types: Fourth
landmark. However, the visitor‟s experience of the building should also
Edition)
be welcoming and comfortable, human dimension to the building and
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
streetscape. Free forms can be used to command attention, such as
1.5.9. PHILIPPINE CULTURE
Frank gehry‟s design for the Guggenheim in Bilbao, Spain. The
The culture of the Philippines reflects the complexity of the history of
choreography of arrival, the relationship of building form and massing,
the Philippines through the blending of many diverse
materials and details, and landscaping all contribute to its civic
traditional Malay heritage mixed with Spanish, American and
presence and human scale.
other Asian cultures.
Some museums use entertainment to further change the public
Pre-Hispanic and non-Christian Philippine cultures are derived from
perception of the museum and to extend visitation. Although
many native traditions of the Austronesian people called Malayo-
entertainment can be a welcome alternative to exhibitions, most
Polynesian or the Malay people. The prehistoric Philippine
museums neither are concerned that this should not be the dominant
Mythology and Philippine indigenous culture was later influenced by
image nor diminish the primacy and dignity of the collections.
the Malay cultures of Southeast Asia, accompanied by a mixture of
Museums have unique role in our society. The architectural design for a
Western-Christianity, Eastern-Islamic, Hinduism and Buddhism tradition.
museum is often expressive of its role in our culture. It can reflect the
museum‟s mission. As a result, museums tend to be “design statements”.
Spanish colonization in the Philippines lasted from 1565 to 1898. Most
(Time Saver Standards for Building Types: Fourth Edition)
of that time, the islands were governed from Mexico and later directly
from Spain. As a result, there is a significant amount of Spanish and
Mexican influence in Philippine customs and
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
traditions. Hispanic influences are visible in traditional Philippine folk
Muslim Filipinos also celebrate their own customs and traditions. These
music and dance, cuisine, festivities, religion, and language, though
groups follow a Philippine Islamic culture, and other Muslim recreation
usually integrated with other influences. The most visible example of
such as the Kali, Kulintangand Gamelan, are used by Islamic groups in
this is the Spanish names of Filipinos, which were given through a tax
the southern islands of Mindanao and Sulu archipelago.
law, the thousands of Spanish loanwords in native languages such
as Tagalog and Cebuano, and the majority Catholic religion.
A. TANGIBLE (Moveable)
Tangible property in law is, literally, anything which can be touched,
Later, the Philippines was a territory of the United States from 1898
and includes both real property and personal property (or moveable
until 1946. American influences are evident in the use of the English
property), and stands in distinction to intangible property.
language, and in contemporary pop culture, such
as fastfood, music, film and basket-ball.
Visual Arts
Paintings
Other Asian ethnic groups such as the Chinese and Japanese have been
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color
settling in the Philippines since even before the colonial period and
or other medium to a surface (support base). The application of the
their influence is also present in the popularity of gambling games
medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects
such mahjong, jueteng, Kali and a variety of Asian cuisine.
can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the
result of the action. Paintings may have for their support such surfaces
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay, copper or concrete,
and may incorporate multiple other materials including sand, clay,
paper, gold leaf as well as objects.
Painting is a mode of expression and the forms are
numerous. Drawing, composition or abstraction and other aesthetics
may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the
practitioner. Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in
a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, be loaded
(Spoliarium by Juan Luna)
with narrative content, symbolism, emotion or be political in nature.
Displayed in the National Museum
A portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is
Artifacts
dominated by spiritual motifs and ideas; examples of this kind of
An artifact or artefact (from Latin phrase arte factum, from ars skill
painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery
+ facere to make) is "something made or given shape by man, such as
to Biblical scenes rendered on the interior walls and ceiling of The
a tool or a work of art, esp an object of archaeological interest".
Sistine Chapel, to scenes from the life of Buddha or other scenes
"Artifact" is the usual spelling in the US and Canada, "Artefact" in the
of eastern religious origin.
UK, Europe and Australasia.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
In archaeology, where the term is most commonly used, an artifact is an
Sculptures
object recovered by some archaeological endeavor, which may have
Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or
a cultural interest.
combining hard materials - typically stone such as marble - or metal,
glass, or wood. Softer ("plastic") materials can also be used, such
Examples include stone tools such as projectile points, pottery vessels,
as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metals. The term has
metal objects such as guns, and items of personal adornment such
been extended to works including sound, text and light.
as buttons, jewellery and clothing. Other examples include bone that
Found objects may be presented as sculptures. Materials may be
show signs of human modification, fire cracked rocks from a hearth or
worked by removal such as carving; or they may be assembled such as
plant material used for food.
by welding, hardened such as by firing, or molded or cast. Surface
decoration such as paint may be applied. Sculpture has been
described as one of the plastic arts because it can involve the use
of materials that can be moulded or modulated.
Sculpture is an important form of public art. A collection of sculpture in
a garden setting may be referred to as a sculpture garden.
(Manunggul Jar)
Displayed in the National Museum
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
"light", and γραφή (graphê), meaning "drawing, writing", together
meaning "drawing with light".
INTANGIBLE
Intangible property can be felt in terms of value but has no physical
existence like stocks, bonds, trademarks, patents, bank accounts. It can
be owned by anyone and ownership can also get trasferred to another
Photographs
person or corporation.
A photograph (often shortened to photo) is an image created
by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, usually photographic film or
Performing Arts
an electronic imager such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs
Festivals
are created using a camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's
The fiesta is part and bundle of Filipino culture. Through good times
visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye
and bad times, the fiesta must go on. Each city and barrio has at least
would see. The process and practice of creating photographs is
one local festival of its own, usually on the feast of its patron saint, so
called photography. The word "photograph" was coined in 1839
that there is always a fiesta going on somewhere in the country. But the
by Sir John Herschel and is based on the Greek φῶς (phos), meaning
major and most elaborate festival of all is Christmas, a season
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
celebrated with all the display and show the fun-loving Filipino can
handle.
4th week – Panagbenga (Baguio City)
-
Kalilangan (Gen. Santos City)
17th-26th – Sibug-Sibug Festival (Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay)
List of festivals:
January
March
9th – Feast of the Black Nazarene (Quiapo, Manila)
9th – Eid El Fitir (Region XII, Mindanao)
16th-22nd – Ati-Atihan (Kalibo, Aklan)
Holy Week – Moriones Festival (Boac, Marinduque)
2nd Saturday – Pasungay (San Joaquin, Iloilo)
3rd-7th – Kaamulan (Malaybalay, Bukidnon)
3rd weekend – Sinulog (Cebu City, Cebu)
14th-16th – Pintados De Pasi (Passi City)
4th weekend – Dinagyang (Iloilo City, Iloilo)
Month long – Sandugo (Tagbilaran Bohol)
3rd Sunday – Zambulawan (Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur)
April
February
1st – Via Crusis (Cebu City)
2nd – Feast of our Lady of Candles (Jaro, Iloilo City)
Holy Week – Moriones Festival (Boac, Marinduque)
19th – Babaylan Festival (Bago City, Negros Occidental)
Good Friday –Turumba (Pakil, Laguna)
11th – Tinagba (Bicol)
2nd week – Manaoag pilgrimage (Pangasinan)
17th – Tawo-Tawo (Bayawan City)
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
May
July
15th – Pahiyas (Quezon)
1st-2nd – Sandugo Festival (Tagbilaran City)
17th-19th – Obando Fertility Rites (Obando, Bulacan)
25th – Kinabayo Festival (Dapitan City)
Month long – Antipolo Pilgrimage (Antipolo)
3rd-4th – Sagayan (Tubod, Lanao del Norte)
1st Sunday – Pagoda (Pasig River)
June
15th – Cordillera Day (Region CAR)
24th – Mudpack Festival (Murcia, Negros Occidental)
1st – Pinta Flores (San Carlos City, Negros Occidental)
-
Parada ng Lechon (Balayan, Batangas)
15th-24th – Pinyahan sa Daet (Daet, Camarines Norte)
August
29th – Pintados Festival (Tacloban City)
20th-24th – Kadayawan Festival (Davao City)
1st-6th – Buklog (Dipolog City)
4th-5th – Palo-palo (Northern Province, Batanes)
17th-23rd – Baragatan (Puerto Prinsesa City)
14th – Kalibongan (Kidapawan City)
20th-29th – Pili (Sorsogon)
15th – Lubi-lubi (Calubian, Leyte)
26th – Sublian sa Batangas (Batangas City)
19th – Buyogan (Abuyog, Leyte)
September
9th – Bonok-bonok (Surigao City)
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
16th – Penafrancia Viva La Virgen (Naga City)
2nd week – Helubong (South Cotabato)
1st-8th – Sarakiki (Calbayog City, Samar)
11th-15th – Sanduguan (Calapan, Oriental Mindoro)
8th-10th – Panagdadapun (Cabarroquis, Quirino)
22nd – Guinakit (Rio Grande de Mindanao)
3rd week – T‟boli Tribe (South Cotabato)
-Siquijor Day (Siquijor)
December
8th – Immaculate Concepcion (Puerto Prinsesa City)
October
3rd – Giant Lantern Festival (San Fernando, Pampanga)
1st-12th – Zamboanga Hermosa Festival (Zamboanga City)
30th – Olongapo Festival (Olongapo)
14th-21st – Masskara Festical (Bacolod City)
6th-12th – Ibalong (Legazpi City)
Epics
Last week – Fiestang Kuliat (Angeles City, Pampanga)
Bicol Epic Poetry: The Ibalon – An origin tale, the Ibalon tries to
16th-19th – Sagingan (Lanao del Norte)
explain how man came to be. Much like the story of Adam and Eve; it
follows the tale of the first man and woman in the regions Aslon and
November
Ibalon (now Camarines, Sorsogon, Catanduanes and Albay).
3rd-5th – Pinta Flores Festival (San Carlos City)
23rd – Higantes (Angono, Rizal)
It also narrates the adventures of the heroes of Ibalon and how they
5th-13th – Kansilay
fought against monsters before establishing their own village and
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
learning to farm. The Ibalon also has an account reminiscent of the
Mindanao Epic Poetry – Epic stories from Mindanao were only very
flood story, where rains poured for days and almost destroyed the
recently put into writing. Known locally as “Darangan”, these poems
whole land.
are very much like Greek mythology. The Darangan tells the romantic
adventures of noble warriors from Mindanao. A lot of the stories focus
Visayan Epic Poetry: The Maragtas Chronicles of Panay – This epic
on one warrior-prince, Bantugan, who owned magic shield and was
attempts to explain the origins of the Filipinos and tells the story of 10
protected by divine spirits.
Datus or chieftains from Borneo that sail across the oceans to escape
the cruel reign of the Sultan Makatunaw. Upon arrival on Panay
A lot of the stories revolved around war and love, much like Homer‟s
islands, the datus meet a tribe of natives called the Aetas. The Aetas
Trojan War. But what makes the Darangan extra special is that it is
eventually sell a piece of their land to the datus and they live side by
sung, instead of just said, in twenty-five beautiful chapters.
side in harmony.
Igorot Epic Poetry: Aliguyon – The Aliguyon follows the life of the
Old rules of conduct are also sometimes told in epic poetry form. The
hero after which the story is named, who is gifted with great powers
Haraya, also from the Visayas, is a collection of moral conduct stories
(he can travel to far places without resting or eating and has never
told in the form of heroic tales.
been beaten in a battle). He embarks on a series of fights with his
arch-rival, Pumbakhayon, the only warrior with skills that match his.
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The duel lasts 3 years without anyone winning. So, in order to end
Dances
things, Aliguyon decides to marry Pumbakhayon‟s sister, thus unifying
Most Philippine dances were originally patterned after European
their tribes.
dances during the Spanish regime. Pandango Sa Ilaw, Cariñosa,
Rigodon and Balitao are examples of these dances Filipinos are known
Ilokano Epic Poetry: Lam-ang – This tale follows the unusual life of a
for. Aside from these western-influenced dances, ethnic-created dances
boy who could talk and right after he was born. At nine months old, he
such as Tinikling made its way to nationwide recognition. Despite its
embarked on a journey to avenge his father‟s death, accompanied by
apparent adaptation to western dances, still Filipinos pay tribute to
his pets, a rooster and a dog. In one of his adventures, he is eaten by a
their cultural roots. Every district in the islands has its own folk dance,
sea monster but comes back to life.
interpreted attractively in festivals and local shows, which have added
to the country‟s reputed contribution to world‟s illustration of traditional
He then goes on a quest to win the heart of the famed beauty, Ines
arts.
Kannoyan. When he arrives, Ines‟ house is filled with suitors. But with
the help of his pet rooster who knocks the whole house down and builds
The following are examples of popular Philippine folk dances :
it up again with a flap of his wings, he eventually wins her heart.
Binasuan - Originated in Pangasinan Province “meaning with the use
of drinking glasses”, this vibrant dance basically shows off balancing
skill of the performers. Glasses filled with rice wine are placed on the
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
head and on each hand carefully maneuvered with graceful
movements. This dance is common in weddings, fiestas and special
occasions.
Rigodon - Originated from Spain, this dance is commonly performed
at formal affairs like inaugural balls where prominent members of the
government participate and enjoy.
Pandango Sa Ilaw
Pandanggo sa Ilaw - The word pandanggo comes from the Spanish
dance “fandango”characterized with lively steps and clapping while
following a varying ¾ beat. Pandanggo requires excellent balancing
skill to maintain the stability of three tinggoy, or oil lamps, placed on
head and at the back of each hand. This famous dance of grace and
balance originated from Lubang Island, Mindoro.
Sublian - The term “subli” is from two tagalog words “subsub” meaning
falling on head and “bali”, which means broken. Hence, the dancers
appear to be lame and crooked throughout the dance. This version is
originally a ritual dance of the natives of Bauan, Batangas, which is
shown during fiestas as a ceremonial worship dance to the town‟s icon,
the holy cross.
Kuratsa - Commonly performed during festivals in Bohol and other
Visayan towns, this dance portrays a young playful couple‟s attempt to
get each other‟s attention. It is performed in a moderate waltz style.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Itik-itik - According to history of this dance, a young woman named
ground and struck together in time to music. Originated from Leyte
Kanang (short for Cayetana) happened to be the best performer in the
Province, this dance is in fact a mimic movement of “tikling birds”
province of Surigao del Norte. At one baptismal reception, she was
hopping over trees, grass stems or over bamboo traps set by farmers.
asked to dance the Sibay, and began improvising her steps in the
Dancers perform this dance with remarkable grace and speed jumping
middle of her performance imitating the movements of an “itik”, a duck,
between bamboo poles.
as it walks with choppy steps and splashes water on its back while
Maglalatik - Originally performed in Binan, Laguna as a mock-war
attracting its mate. Because of its unusual steps and fascinating
dance that demonstrates a fight between the Moros and the Christians
interpretation, the audience began imitating her.
over the prized latik or coconut meat during the Spanish rule, this dance
is also shown to pay tribute to the town‟s patron saint, San Isidro
Labrador. It has a four-part performance such as the palipasan and
the baligtaran showing the intense battle, the paseo and the
escaramusa- the reconciliation. Moro dancers wear read trousers while
the Christian dancers show up in blue. All dancers are male; with
harnesses of coconut shells attached on their chests, backs, thighs and
Tinikling - Tinikling is considered the national folkdance with a pair of
hips.
dancers hopping between two bamboo poles held just above the
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Cariñosa - Cariñosa is a word that describes an affectionate, friendly
and lovable woman. This dance is performed in flirtatious manner with
fans and handkerchiefs to assist the dancers‟ hide-and-seek movements.
Maglalatik
Maria Clara - Maria Clara is the main female character in Jose Rizal‟s
Noli Me Tangere -a literary piece that features the colonial situation of
the Filipinos during the Spanish regime. She was characterized as a
LaJota Manileño
Filipina woman of virtue and nobility. This dance is a mix of Spanish
La Jota Manileña - It is a dance named after the capital city of the
gracefulness and customized native props, such as bamboo castanets
Philippines, Manila, where an adaptation of Castilian Jota afloats with
and Asian fan. Female dancers wear Maria Clara dress that typifies
the clacking of bamboo castanets played by the dancers themselves.
the European style, while men are in barong tagalog, a traditional
The costume and the graceful movements of the performers noticeably
Filipino embroidered long-sleeve shirt made of pineapple fiber.
inspired by Spanish Culture.
Sakuting - Originated in Abra, this dance interprets a mock fight
between Ilokano Christians and non- Christians with training sticks as
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
props. It is traditionally performed during Christmas at the town plaza
respectively. The dance starts when each of them are given a piece of
or from house-to-house as a caroling show. As a return, the dancers
cloth known as "ayob" or "allap".
receive presents or money locally known as “aguinaldo”.
Palok - Kalinga, Cordillera - A tribal dance. The natives of Kalinga
Pantomina - Meaning "Dance of the Doves", this dance is the highlight
perform this dance in most of their social events. Male dancers hold
of Sorsogon‟s Kasanggayahan Festival every third week of October.
gangsa or gong- a percussion instrument made of copper, and beat it
Groups of participants, mainly elderly in colourful costumes, dance to
with wooden stick.
the tune of Pantomina song. It is a courtship dance originated from
Lumagen - Kalinga, Cordillera A tribal dance. This is a traditional
immitating the courtship and lovemaking of doves that then showed
thanksgiving dance by the Kalinga tribe performed to celebrate good
during the dance where men attempt to please the women.
harvest and events such as birth of first-born child, victory in battles
Other Philippine Ethnic Dances :
and weddings.
Banog - Cordillera In this dance, performers portray hunters shielding
Idudu- Abra, Cordillera A tribal dance. This dance stages a common
their chickens from the famishing hawk. The hawk ends up entrapped
family life in the Itneg or Tinguian society. It illustrates the family as the
and dies in the hands of hunters.
main foundation of the tribe‟s community. Several traits of an ordinary
Salisid - Kalinga, Cordillera This is a courtship dance that symbolizes a
family are shown. It depicts a father plowing the field while the mother
rooster trying to attract the attention of a hen. This is performed and
caring for the children. But as soon as the father finishes work, the
portrayed by both male and female dancers as the rooster and hen
mother takes over on planting, sowing and all the remaining chores to
do in the field. At this time the father is left to take care of the kids.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
During the dance a Local singer breaks into an Idudu or lullaby to put
Malakas at maganda - Leyte A Tribal dance. This dance depicts the
the baby to sleep. Idudu, a dance taken from Idudu lullaby, obviously
birth of the first man and woman who came out of a bamboo tree. It
portrays the different roles in a Tinguian family
has been said that the woman named “maganda” (beautiful) and the
Dinuyya - Cordillera Ifugao dance Famous in the Ifugao region, this
first man “malakas” (strong) are the parents of the whole community in
dance is regularly staged during festivals in Lagawe. Three kinds of
the island. The dance demonstrates how a bird discovered the noise
gong instruments such as, ordinary gongs, tobtob- a brass gong played
coming from the inside of the bamboo and perched until it opened. A
by beating with open palms and, hibat, a kind of gong played by
man and a woman came out of the big bamboo tree and, the birth of
beating the inner surface with a softwood are used in this dance.
this legendary couple is amusingly interpreted in this dance.
Bendayan - Benguet This dance, which is more known as Bendian, is
Burung-Talo - Sulu The dance is a unique fighting dance in a form of
performed to commemorate the arrival of headhunters in their district.
martial arts by the Tausug tribe. Performers demonstrate a battle
Performers dance in a circle and show off their lively traditional steps.
between hawk and a cat. With their acrobatic movements and tough
Binaylan - Agusan This is a ritual dance, which originated from the
facial expressions, this dance is highlighted with the accompanying
Bagobo tribe living in the central uplands of Mindanao, imitating the
energetic beat of drums and gongs.
movements of a hen, her banog or baby chicks, and a hawk. The hawk
Kadal-Blelah- South Cotabato A tribal dance where in the dancers
is sacred and is believed that it has the power over the well being of
perform simulation of movements of birds.
the tribe. The hawk tries to capture one of the baby chicks and is killed
by the hunters.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Kadal Tahaw - Tiboli dance- south cotabato a tribal dance performed
lively strike their karatong instruments ; creating a scene of joy among
by Tiboli tribe, this dance that mimics the hopping and flying behavior
reveling towns folk.
of Tahaw bird is performed to celebrate good harvest.
Dugso - Bukidnon A thanksgiving dance from the talaindig tribe.
Sayaw sa Cuyo - Palawan Cuyo is a small island and capital of
Gayong-gayong - Capiz -A Muslim dance. In rural gatherings, this
Palawan. There, the feast day of St. Augustin is traditionally
dance offers much fun. Gayong is a pet name for Leodegario.
celebrated with parades, processions and small performances by
According to the legend and to the words of the song, Gayong and
groups coming from all over Cuyo Island and the nearby islets. Island
Masiong (pet name for Dalmacio) once attended a feast
dances, blended with strong Old Cuyo ethnicity and Spanish-influenced
commemorating the death of a townsman. While eating, Masiong
steps, are all brought out when Cuyo celebrates its festivals. Today,
choked on a piece of Adobo so he called, "Gayong ! Gayong !" to ask
pretty young girls daintily swirl hats to the waltz and other European
for help to dislodge a bone from the Adobo meal from his throat. In this
steps designed to bring out the freshness and glow of the performers.
dance, Masiong‟s liking for feasts and the consequence of his gluttony
Karatong - Palawan A Muslim dance. During the festival of San
are held up to playful ridicule.
Agustine in the island of Cuyo, the celebration also includes the
Kapa Malong-Malong - Cotabato A Muslim dance. This Maranao
blossoming of mango trees. The parade starts from the church patio
dance is performed with women wearing malong and shawl, mantle or
and ends at the town plaza with ladies waving their colorful props
head piece, whereas men wear sash or waist band, shorts or bahag
“Bunga mangga” that symbolize the flowers of mango tree, while men
and head gear or turban traditionally worn in the fields.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Pagapir - Lanao del Sur This dance is usually performed to commence
While the oral and thus changeable aspect of folk literature is an
an important affair. Dancers of this dance are usually from the royal
important defining characteristic, much of this oral tradition had been
court or high society group of Lanao Province. They use apir or fan to
written into a print format.
coordinate with their small steps called kini-kini, which symbolizes their
good manners and prominent family background.
Pangalay- Zamboanga Del Sur A muslim dance. Originally performed
by wealthy families during a wedding celebration, this fingernail dance
is now a popular festival dance in Sulu.
Legends
Philippine legends and mythology are derived from Philippine folk
literature, which is the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people.
To point out that folklore in a written form can still be considered
folklore, it should be pointed out that all the examples of folk literature
This refers to a wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the
cited in this article are taken from print, rather than oral sources.
Philippines. Each unique ethnic group has its own stories and myths to
Philippine legends, mythology and folklore include a collection of tales
tell.
and superstitions about magical creatures and entities. Some Filipinos,
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
even though heavily westernized and Christianized, still believe in such
Folk narratives can either be in prose: the myth, the alamat (legend),
entities.
and the kuwentong bayan (folktale), or in verse, as in the case of the
folk epic.
The prevalence of belief in the figures of Philippine mythology is strong
Folk speech includes the bugtong (riddle) and the salawikain
in the provinces.
(proverbs).
Because the country has many islands and is inhabited by different
Folk songs that can be sub-classified into those that tell a story (folk
ethnic groups, Philippine legends, mythology and superstitions are very
ballads) are a relative rarity in Philippine folk literature. These form
diverse. However, certain similarities exist among these groups, such as
the bulk of the Philippines' rich heritage of folk songs.
the belief in Heaven, Hell and the human soul.
The stories of ancient Philippine legends and mythology include deities,
University of the Philippines professor, Damiana Eugenio, classified
creation stories, mythical creatures, and beliefs. Ancient Philippine
Philippine Folk Literature into three major groups: folk narratives, folk
mythology varies among the many indigenous tribes of the Philippines.
speech, and folk songs.
Some groups during the pre-Spanish conquest era believed in a single
Supreme Being who created the world and everything in it, while others
chose to worship a multitude of tree and forest deities (diwatas).
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Filipinos also believed in mythological creatures. Below are some of the
Foods
gods and goddesses of the various ancient Philippine tribes:
The location of the Philippines astride the great sea routes to Asia has
The Aswang (monster) is one the most famous of these Philippine
resulted in varied foreign influence in its history and culture. The
mythological creatures. The aswang is a ghoul or vampire, an eater of
Filipinos are basically Malays . However, more than 300 years of
the dead, and a werewolf.
Spanish colonization, half a century of American tutelage, the many
Filipinos also believed in the Dila (The Tongue), a spirit that passes
years of visit from Chinese traders and Hindu merchants have left their
through the bamboo flooring of provincial houses, then licks certain
mark on the island.
humans to death.
Filipino cooking reflects this cultural combination. The result is an exotic
Philippine legends and mythology also have fairies, dwarfs, Kapre (a
blend that is characteristically unique though the variety of regional
tree-residing giant), Manananggal (a self-segmenter), witches, spirit-
dishes is never ending source of gourmet surprises.
summoners, goblins (Nuno sa Punso), ghosts (Multo), fireballs (Santelmo),
mermaids (Sirena), mermen (Siyokoy), demon-horses (Tikbalang), Hantu
Cooking styles and seasoning also vary from region to region although
Demon and demon-infants (Tiyanak).
all the basic cooking methods such as boiling, roasting, frying, steaming
and sauteing are used. The use of heavy sauce is not a traditional
Filipino style of cooking but can be traced directly to Spanish influence.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Some of these heavy thick sauces are however reserve for town fiesta,
BACHOY/BATSOY
Christmas and other special occasion.
A meat dish consisting of liver, kidneys, heart and tenderloin sautéed in
onions, garlic and ginger. Seasoned with salt or “patis” (fish sauce) and
Today, there are millions of Filipinos living all over the world, but
simmered with additional stock. Garnished with fresh green onions .
despite their easy adaptable to their new environment they still have
Famous La Paz Batchoy or Iloilo.
retained their tail for Filipino food.
BULANGLANG
This hub is a descriptive guide to the different and popular dishes in the
Broiled or smoked fish with assorted vegetables, seasoned with
Philippines.
bagoong alamang and boiled with enough liquid for broth.
ADOBO
A meat dish prepared by marinating pieces of beef, chicken pork or a
mixture of meat in vinegar, crushed garlic, spices and soy sauce. The
mixture is simmered until meat is tender and finally allowed to brown in
its own fat.
Fleshy fish may be cooked into adobo. Vegetables can also be cooked
in this style such as Adobong sitao/sitaw or adobong kangkong.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
ASADO
CAMARON
Meat dish simmered in soy sauce, bay leaves , onions, tomatoes and
“Camaron Rebosado" is shrimp dipped in flour-egg batter, fried and
peppercorn.
served with catsup/ tomato sauce or a sweet-sour sauce.
DININDING
Philippine dish of assorted vegetables seasoned with fish or shrimp
“bagoong" boiled with enough liquid (usually rice washing) for broth.
DINUGUAN
Prepared by sauteing internal organs (variety of meats) then simmered
in a vinegar mixture with seasonings, especially hot peppers.
Coagulated blood is added with stirring. Cooking is continued for
about few minutes.
LAKSA
CALDERETA
Filipino word meaning “ten thousand” refers to a dish containing a wide
Meat dish usually goat meat, sauteed in lard, garlic, onions, potatoes,
assortment of vegetables, shrimps pork and sotanghon.
peas bell pepper and seasonings. Stock is reduced before liver paste is
LECHON/LITSON
added as a thickener.
Suckling / young pig roasted on long bamboo poles over live coals.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
LUMPIA /EGGROLLS
EMBUTIDO
Meat fish or vegetables mixture rolled in thin wrappers made from
A traditional Filipino style meatloaf, wrapped in an aluminum foil and
flour and water. Maybe fresh or fried nd served with sauce.
steamed.
MECHADO
GUINATAAN/ GINATAN
Meat dish usually beef, sliced about 1/ 4 inch thick with fat strips
Dish cooked in coconut milk.
inserted lengthwise and rolled. Surface of the meat roll is browned by
INABRAW
pan frying before simmering it in stock with vinegar and seasoning
A typical recipe of the Ilocos region consisting of broiled pork boiled in
added. The stock is boiled down in a thick sauce.
rice washing. It is seasoned with bagoong. Patani and string beans are
NILAGA
also added and are cooked until done.
Boiled or stewed- Nilagang Baboy or Baka (Stewed Pork or Beef) is
INIHAW - local term for roasting.
meat stew with vegetables added such as potatoes, plantain bananas
KARI-KARI / KARE-KARE
(saging na saba), cabbage, Chinese cabbage and some peppercorns.
Philippine meat-vegetables dish Shanks or oxtail are boiled until meat
ESTOFADO
is tender, then sautéed in garlic with banana bud, stringbrings,
Deep fat-fried pieces of meat usually tongue, chicken or pork are
eggplant, ground peanuts and toasted brown rice to thicken the sauce.
cooked in vinegar, salt, sugar, water and spices until tender. Garnished
Served with sauted bagoong.
with fried potatoes.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
KILAWIN
Popular dish among the Ilocos region, consisting of internal organs such
as heart, tripe and sauteed in garlic and onion. It is seasoned with salt,
pepper and vinegar and cooked.
KINILAW
Fresh shrimps marinated in nipa palm vinegar,chili and onion slices. In
Samar or Leyte Philippines fleshy fish is used.
PINAPAITAN
KINUKOT
A meat dish usually goat, popular in the Ilocos region. Its bitter flavor is
A Bicol pork dish cooked with santol, bagoong hot pepper and coconut
due to a few drops of bile or the half-digested contents of the first
milk.
portion of the small intestines.
PESA
Meat or fish simmered with crushed fresh ginger The vegetables often
added are cabage, scallions, chinese cabbage and leeks.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
POCHERO
PINANGAT
Filipino meat dish similar to the Spanish cocido. Made of beef, pork
A method of cooking fish with salt and a little oil allowing it to dry over
chicken or a mixture,chorizo de bilbao and vegetables. Usually served
low heat.
with squash or eggplant sauce spiced with minced garlic and vinegar.
PAELLA
Rice prepared with meat, shellfish, sausages and variety of seasonings,
the primary ones being garlic and saffron. It is cooked in deep pot and
the ingredients are added as cooking progresses.
PAKSIW- local term for pickling fish or meat.
PINAKBET
Different Kinds of Pansit/Pancit
Means wrinkled in Ilocano dialect. The Ilocano way is cooking
PANSIT/ PANCIT - NOODLE DISH
bittemelon and eggplant in just enough water to cooked by steam.
Commonly used noodles in the Philippines are:
Tomatoes, bagoong-dilis with or without pork or fish are added.
Ginger is optional.

Canton -noodles made from flour‟s ducks eggs salt, soda and
vegetable oil. Cooked by sauteing in small amount of lard or cooking
oil, minced garlic, sliced onions, slivers of meat and shrimps. The
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
noodles are added and when partially cooked vegetables are added.
(usually cabbage, sweet peas pods, green onions.) Maybe garnished
with slices of ham and chicken and served with lemon.

Pansit Luglog– rice noodles are dipped in boiling water until cooked
(luglog means to dip or soak). The noodles are drained well placed on
a serving dished topped with Palabok.

Palabok-local term for garnishing. In pancit palabok the starch
thickened sauce colored with achuete and the flaked tinapa, pork
crackling oysters, squid, pork cracklings, oysters, squid,hard cooked
eggs, tokwa (tofu), green onions sliced shrimps are the garnishing.
Pancit luglog and pancit palabok are essentially same dish the only
difference is the kind of noodles used.

Pancit Bihon - uses very thin rice noodles.
PANSIT or PANCIT
TINOLA
Chicken or fish dish prepared by sautéing garlic, onion and ginger with
meat and fish. Water is added and the mixture allowed to simmer with
the vegetables usually chili leaves green papaya, or chokos until done.
UKOY
Philippine fritter made of flour batter and shrimps, grated vegetables
can be pumpkin, sweet potatoes and strips of onions served with
vinegar and minced garlic.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
SINIGANG
Philippine soupy meat or fish with vegetables added such
as taro, okra, water spicnach, eggplants, string beans. It is different
from nilaga and pesa due to its acid ingredients like tamarind, kamias,
tomato and green mangoes
SUAM/ SUWAM
Fish is sautéed in ginger, onion and garlic, then rice water is added
and cooking is continued; chili leaves are added last.
1.6.
Conceptual Framework
The Philippine culture may be divided into two classifications: intangible
Figure 1.1. Research Paradigm
(untoucheable; can‟t be kept) which can be characterized by dances, songs,
centers, cultural centers (such as CCP and Folk Arts Theater), etc which may be
festivals/fiestas, oral traditions, epics, legends, chants, myths, and the like and;
an attraction for cultural tourism that helps promote and preserve the
tangible (toucheable; can be kept) which are paintings, artifacts, sculptures,
Philippine Culture through Architecture and Anthropology. How about the
architectural structures, photography, costumes, alibata, literature and the like.
intangible properties? How can this be kept or is it better to say, how must it
Tangible may also be defined as the evidences of the intangible ones. These
be exposed to be preserved to add attraction for Philippine‟s cultural tourism
cultural properties may be kept/ preserved through museums, exhibition
to promote and preserve the Philippine culture? The proponent has thought of
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
ways, through Architecture, to do this. Applying the concept of the traditional
RESEARCH DESIGN/STRATEGY
museum and giving life to it that will result to a living museum to promote and
This research is dealing with the preservation and promotion of culture with
preserve Philippine‟s intangible property through Architecture.
the aid of Architecture. With this, information, data and ideas that will be
used in the formulation of conclusion and recommendations will be
1.7.
Research Methodology
gathered through the descriptive method of research. Through this method,
SYSTEM OF INQUIRY
current issues, nature of the study and present conditions will be defined
The Emancipatory system of inquiry will be used by the proponent for this
and cleared.
research. The researcher assumes that through this type of system, needed
information that will support the objectives of this research would be
TACTICS
gathered efficiently. It is because this system considers multiple realities
With the method stated above, a survey/questionnaire method will be
about the study. It allows interaction among the subjects and the researcher
conducted with visitors of the site will respond to this. Also, interviews will
and it is free from restrains. Therefore, making it a good system of inquiry
be conducted with the people with enough knowledge about the project
that fits the research since the research meets no boundaries in exploring
proposal and the research. Most likely, library researches will be done.
the background and the whole nature of the study.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
1.7.1 Oral Investigation
1.7.1.1. Interview
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE & THE

“The best way of reflecting culture is through the Art.”

There are new ways or approaches in planning museums
ARTS (NCCA)
The NCCA Intangible Heritage Committee
where the feelings of the visitors are being considered.

There is really such thing as „living museum‟. A living museum
(NCCA/ICH) undertakes the inventory of Philippine
is a good way to experience culture. There are living
forms of intangible heritage; and the safeguarding
museums in the Philippines; one is the Tam-Awan Village in
of these. There are five categories: 1) oral traditions
Baguio and the Kalimudan Cultural Village in Davao del
and expressions, 2) performing arts, 3) social
Sur.
practices and festive events, 4) knowledge and practices concerning
nature and the universe, and 5) traditional craftsmanship.

Intangible culture is defined in many ways depending on the
culture but looking at them and analyzing them, there are
common in every definition. You may use UNESCO‟s
On the 15th of August 2011, at 1:30 in the afternoon, the proponent
went to the NCCA, Office of the Cultural Heritage Department and
meets up with Mr. Lawrence Salazar, the Project Development Officer
definition since they may have analyzed the definitions from
there. It may not always be said as: “Tangible materials are
evidence of the intangible materials.”
for an interview. The proponent has learned of the following from Mr.
Salazar:
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM

NCCA are partners with the museums. They offer grants for

It is far from a living museum that uses performing arts. It is
the development or maintenance of the museums.
built for performing arts, in partners with the National
“AUTHENTICITY” is not an issue for your project, it‟s just a
Museum which caters the tangible materials with scientific
criterion for acquiring financial grants from us and awards
basis/ explanations and the visual arts.
depending on objectives of the project. Your project has a

Folk Arts Theater is just part of the CCP Complex.
different objective from Tam-awan and Kalimudan Village-

where authenticity will be an issue.
TAGAYTAY CITY TOURISM DEPARTMENT
There are no agency/ oragnization that have guidelines
On the 8th day of August, 2011, at 9:00 in the morning, the proponent
about museums especially for the living museums.
had gone to the office of the Tourism Department of the Tagaytay City
Hall. The proponent conducted her interview with the tourism officer of
About the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP):
Tagaytay City, Ms. Lanie Diesta. Of course,

It is built to express society.
to have a brief preview of the proposed

It is built for performances (not necessarily cultural).
project, the proponent explained about the

Why Cultural Center? It has no issue; one way of expressing
study.
culture is throught the performing arts.
The proponent then asked about the plans
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
of Tagaytay Government for the tourism industry, since it is the rising
the park like as conference hall (but have not succeed because it is too
industry in the city. Ms. Diesta said that, Tagaytay is not actually a
far from the main urban core) and as presidential museum (but the
tourist destination but more of a weekend destination. Tagaytay is only
artifacts should be replaced from time to time because moisture are
visited for only an overnight trip or some for only a day trip since it is
formed and the materials might be damaged); and the proposals for
very near the metro. Ms. Diesta also said that Tagaytay has really no
the site such as orchidarium and aviary but are not conducive in the site
self identity since it is known for Taal Volcano and Lake‟s view, known
because of the climate and some other considerations. She said yes it is
as the “Little Baguio”. Tagaytay have nothing to call their own and
possible, but she thinks, it is too small for the project. Therefore, the
have no destination that people may go to for a field trip, to learn and
proponent asked if she has proposals for a possible site for the project.
explore more, and have nothing to visit and go back to the same place
And she proposed the bigger park which is the Picnic Grove. She said
for another experience.
that the park has no other structure but the restaurants and souvenir
shops inside, but if another attraction would be added, more tourists
The proponent has asked Ms. Diesta if the People‟s Park in the Sky is a
will be visiting the place. She suggested, you may also use the two
potential site for the project since the park is not developed anymore
parks and connect them for the project.
and has nothing more to offer but the view and Ms. Diesta added to
More conversations are not too necessary and haven‟t been mentioned.
this, but it is always foggy in the place that visitors might not see the
The most needed are shared above which is summarized and briefed.
beautiful view, no activities to offer the visitors, Ms. Diesta agreed to
this and also she talks more about the activities and programs made in
48
THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (DOT) -
The Philippines has an approximate of 17, 176, 000 number of
National
national travellers based from the statistics made in January-
On August 15, 2011, the proponent
December of 2009 by the Department of Tourism.
conducted an interview with Mrs. Marie
Recarro, the head of the Product Research
1.7.1.2. Questionnaire/ Survey Method
and Development Office of the Department
This method is applied in this thesis for the proponent to know how well
of Tourism of the Philippines. The proponent
the public know about the Philippine Culture and how interested they
has asked only few questions about the tourism in the Philippines. The
are especially the Filipino people this is to support the idea of the
following are the summarized statements made by Ma‟am Marie:
proponent that in this generation, the Philippine culture is already
fading and is in need of revitalizing the splendid culture of the
A tourist destination must be near, at least 1-2 hr-ride from main
Philippines, also, for the proponent to know about what the respondent
gateways (air and sea ports).
think about the site. (See sample Questionnaire on Appendix A).
Cultural Tourism is one of the top priorities of the Department of
Tourism of the Philippines, together with Medical tourism, Eco-Tourism,
and Sports/Adventure Tourism.
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Results and Findings:
QUESTION 1
QUESTION 3
5
NO
QUESTION 1: DO
YOU KNOW ABOUT
THE TANGIBLE AND
INTANGIBLE
PROPERTY OF
CULTURE?
YES
0
20
40
60
80
2
1
20
40
60
80
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.4
QUESTION 2
QUESTION 4
QUESTION 2: HOW
MUCH ARE YOU
INTERESTED IN THE
PHILIPPINE
CULTURE? (RATE IT
FROM 1-5, 1 BEING
THE LOWEST).
4
3
2
1
20
QUESTION 3: HOW
WELL DO YOU
KNOW ABOUT IT?
(1-5, 1-LOWEST).
3
0
5
0
4
LIVING MUSEUM
QUESTION 4: HOW
DO YOU WANT THE
INTANGIBLE
CULTURE TO BE
PRESERVED?
PERFORMING
ARTS CTR.
EXPO. CTR.
60
0 20 40 60 80
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.5
40
50
THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
*For questions 1-4, most Filipinos nowadays are not too educated about the
*Most of the respondents visited the place for fun and leisure. Therefore, the
culture but know the basic things about it but most of them, especially teen-
proponent has concluded that visitors and tourists wanted to have fun, chill, and
respondents are interested in culture and they have different likes of how the
relax. How could they, if the facilities they would be seeing are disappointing
tangible cultures must be preserved.
and there is a lack of activities to be done in the place.
*The proponent have concluded that most of them, wants these tangible
properties of culture to be preserved through the performing arts center and
QUESTION 6
next is the living museum. This is maybe because, they have known much about
the performing arts center.
NO
QUESTION 5
QUESTION 6: ARE
YOU SATISFIED
WITH THE PLACE?
YES
FAMILY
0.00
QUESTION 5:
(ABOUT PICNIC
GROVE) WHY HAVE
YOU COME IN THIS
PLACE?
EDUCATION
FUN
0
10
20
30
40
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
Figure 1.7
*Most of the reasons that the participants who answered yes is because of the
view and the climate of Tagaytay. This only means that they do not come to
the picnic grove just because of the facilities and activities they offer.
Figure 1.6
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
*Those who have answered no is because they have said that the facilities are
QUESTION 8
not maintained and cleaned.
ATTRACTIVENESS
MONEY/BUDGET
FAMILY'S…
QUESTION 7
CLEANLINESS
TRANSPORTATION
NO
0
QUESTION 7: DO
YOU STILL WANT TO
GO BACK?
YES
2
4
6
QUESTION 8:
BEFORE VISITING A
PLACE, WHAT
FACTORS DO YOU
CONSIDER FIRST?
(RATE THEM
FROM1-5, 1 BEING
THE LOWEST).
Figure 1.9
*Based on the preferences of the participants, the first factor that they
0.00
50.00
100.00
Figure 1.8
*Most of the respondents answered yes because of the view and climate, some
consider before going/ visiting the places is the attractiveness, next is
cleanliness then, family‟s preference, money/budget and least is the
transportation convenience.
of them said that they will look for changes when they go back.
For those who have answered no, their reasons are because they are
disappointed about the facilities and because of lack of activities in the place.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
1.7.2. Archival Investigation
AMERICA
PHILIPPINE TOURISM
a. NORTH AMERICA (Canada, Mexico, United States of America) –
Tourist Arrivals in the Philippines (Arranged by Country)
January-May 2011
ASIA
313, 375 (8.28% Growth Rate)
b. SOUTH AMERICA (Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Peru, Venezuela) –
1, 635 (7.81% Growth Rate)
a. ASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) –
EUROPE
118,084 (12.16% Growth Rate)
a. WESTERN
b. EAST ASIA (China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) –
609, 211 (17.15% Growth Rate)
c. SOUTH ASIA (Bangladesh, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) –
17, 851 (48.03% Growth Rate)
d. MIDDLE EAST (Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi, United
Arab Emirates) –
17, 967 (15.31% Growth Rate)
EUROPE
(Austria,
Belgium,
France,
Germany,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland) –
66,101 (3.03% Growth Rate)
b. NORTHERN EUROPE (Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden,
United Kingdom) –
65, 429 (9.18% Growth Rate)
c. SOUTHERN EUROPE (Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain) –
13, 516 (0.96% Growth Rate)
d. EASTERN EUROPE (Commonwealth of Individual States, Russian
Federation, Poland) –
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
9, 935 (26.75% Growth Rate)
e. EASTERN MEDITTERRANEAN (Israel,Turkey) –
3, 508 (-6.07% Growth Rate)
Tourist Arrivals in Region IV (2009)
Foreign – 221, 274
Overseas – 22, 474
Domestic – 2, 715, 659
AUSTRALASIA/ PACIFIC
(Australia, Guam, Nauru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea) –
TOTAL – 2, 959, 407
Growth Rate: -26.38%
79, 181 (16.38% Growth Rate)
Tourist Arrival in Cavite
AFRICA
Foreign – 771
(Nigeria, South Africa) -
Overseas – (-)
1, 269 (24.74%)
Domestic – 61, 080
TOTAL – 61, 851
OTHERS (Unspecified Residences)
Growth Rate: -5.68%
23, 098 (-2.52% Growth Rate)
OVERSEAS – 96, 575 (-6.82% Growth Rate)
TOTAL: 1, 436, 735 (12.04% Growth Rate)
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Table 1.1
1.7.3. Case Studies
Tourist Arrival in Tagaytay City
Place
People’sPark
1.7.3.1. LOCAL CASE STUDIES
TAM-AWAN VILLAGE, BAGUIO
Picnic Grove
Month/Year
2010
2011
2010
2011
JANUARY
60, 104
71, 544
116, 800
140, 950
Tam-awan
FEBRUARY
47, 805
57, 374
86, 200
98, 800
Village in
MARCH
39, 077
42, 816
60, 600
72, 100
Pinsao
APRIL
59, 159
63, 578
148, 100
115, 200
Proper,
MAY
48, 780
46, 340
88, 600
79, 728
Baguio City
JUNE
30, 405
-
51, 600
43, 217
uniquely
JULY
26, 277
-
40, 800
-
blends indigenous aesthetics and exquisite
AUGUST
35,577
-
61, 900
-
Cordilleran craftsmanship with an artist‟s concept
SEPTEMBER
37, 830
-
61, 000
-
for a village adapting to Baguio setting.
OCTOBER
41, 799
-
70, 400
-
NOVEMBER
43, 956
-
74, 700
-
DECEMBER
60, 411
-
125, 200
-
Chanum Foundation, Inc., founded in 1998, began to
reconstruct Ifugao houses in Baguio with the view of making a
model village accessible to people who have not had the
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
chance to travel to the Cordillera interior. On a land near an
abundant spring, the foundation started out with three
The Kalinga house is more spacious and is made with the
knocked-down huts transported from
same hand-hewn pinewood. The binayon is the traditional
Bangaan, Ifugao. Tam-awan village now
octagonal house of Southern Kalinga Province and Tam-
has seven Ifugao huts and two Kalinga
awan Village is proud to present one the three remaining
houses. Using the original materials and
such houses in the country today.
adding only new cogon roofs, traditional
artisans reconstructed the houses and laid them out
The huts in Tam-awan Village are named after the areas
resembling the design of a traditional Cordillera Village.
where they come from. From Ifugao, we have the Bangaan
Hut, Anaba Hut, Batad Hut, Dukligan Hut, Kinakin Hut, and
An Ifugao house is compact and though deceptively simple,
Nagor Hut. Our Kalinga huts are from Luccong and Bugnay.
its architecture is quite sophisticated. Built by clever mortise
Except for Bugnay Hut, which serves as one of the village‟s
makers without nails or hardware, it exemplifies the
galleries, lodgers are accepted in these huts.
exactness of Ifugao construction. With the heavy hand-hewn
timber elevated to about shoulder height by four posts
In keeping with the spirit in which the village was originally
usually made of hard wood, the house, with periodic re-
conceived, Tam-awan Village has become a venue for art
roofing, can last several generations.
exhibits and workshops envisioned to foster a deeper
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
understanding, respect and pride in the cultural heritage of
do practice the
the Cordillera people.
culture everyday
Tam-awan Village is an
and the
experience in itself. By living in
foundation can‟t
the huts, guests get an
answer it
opportunity to immerse in an
because it was really not since they just brought the houses
atmosphere that allows them to
into a place to create a village.
get a glimpse of village life.
On a clear day, a magnificent
KALIMUDAN CULTURAL VILLAGE, DAVAO DEL SUR
China Sea sunset can be viewed from Tam-awan Village,
being true to its name as Tam-awan, that is, vantage point.
The Kalimudan Cultural Village
Even though Tam-awan village is a good example of a living
at Barangay Tibolo, Sta. Cruz,
museum, it hasn‟t been granted by the National Commission
Davao del Sur, best represents
for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) with awards for its
the genuine desire of the
development because of the authenticity of the village.
Bagobo tribe in unifying their
During the interview of Chanum Foundation with the NCCA,
people and preserving their
the NCCA asked the foundation if the community living there
culture.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
This desire has become so moving that it has built a growing
Visitors flock to this village because of the welcoming tribal
tribal village with landscapes and “lifescapes” of the ancestral
people who share with them their authentic traditions and
homeland of the indigenous peoples.
practices.
Eight simple indigenous structures are built to accommodate
A common food served to guests is “lyurot” or “lotlot,” native
visitors who wish to immerse in the community. For just P50 per
food cooked in bamboo. Guests crave for more of the tasty
day per person, one can spend the day with the Bagobo
chicken tenderized in its own juices and steamed inside a
people and safely sleep in a house similar to theirs.
bamboo.
A long house, built for special activities of the “lumads” like
Bagobos show craftsmanship with the way they make tribal
assemblies, weddings, meetings, has become a favorite
accessories and clothing. One could easily think of discipline
convention area for
and patience with the intricacy of their designs. Vibrant colors
corporate
chosen and used in their products reveal a passionate and fun-
like
activities
seminars
and
loving Bagobo.
workshops.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Aside from farming, this tribe has also appreciated the value of
Village. Known as Volun-Tourism for cultural survival, this
economics as they create other jobs from every opportunity that
package promotes learning experiences for both the traveling
come their way.
tourists and the local communities. It ensures that both parties
are mutually benefited from such cultural exchange.
With the establishment of the tribal village, Bagobos offer to
cook ethnic food for the visitors for a reasonable fee. From this
One option offered is the 3-day immersion known as the Native
experience, visitors get to taste native delicacies and at the
Tribe Cultural Journey. This package facilitates a quick cultural
same time help the tribe earn from this particular skill.
orientation to volunteer-tourists on the landscapes of upland
dwellers. Other options include a Cultural Exchange intended
As visitors leave the village, they bring with them a complete
for six days and a Cultural Exposure for 12 days. These
experience from deep appreciation on traditional architecture,
packages are open all-year round for small and large group
to authentic Bagobo food, to language learning, and
tours.
acceptance of the distinct and unique culture of the Bagobo
tribe.
This cultural village is also considered as an authentic living
musuem and is granted with funds from NCCA to develop and
To support this cultural village, the Department of Tourism (DOT)
maintain the village to preserve their culture in Davao. The
has offered tourists immersion packages in the Tibolo Cultural
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
village is a group of dwellings from the members of the tribe
The CCP is attached to
which their culture is still preserved and practiced everyday.
the Office of the
President and is under the
umbrella of the National
THE CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES
Commission for Culture
and the Arts for policy
and program coordination.
Performing companies representing dance, music and theater
reside within the CCP. It has four resident dance companies:
Ballet Philippines, Philippine Ballet Theatre, the Ramon Obusan
Folkloric Group, and the Bayanihan Philippine National Folk
Dance Company.
Tanghalang Pilipino
is the CCP's resident
theater company
while music is
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
represented by the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra, the UST
Alliance and the International Theater Institute. Through
Symphony Orchestra, the Philippine Madrigal Singers and the
exchange programs with these organizations and with other
National Music Competitions for Young Artists Foundation
institutions, Filipinos have been able to glimpse the beauty of
(NAMCYA).
different cultures from various countries, withnessing many a
triumphant performance from highly-acclaimed artists all over
The CCP also covers the mass media as well as the literary and
the world.
visual arts, encouraging the growth of aspiring artists in these
fields through numerous workshops, seminars, anthologies,
The CCP continues to nurture and promote artistic excellence,
exhibits, symposia as well as competitions and awards.
Filipino aesthetics and identity, and cultural values towards a
humanistic global society. With the CCP Business and Master
Through its Cultural Exchange Program, the CCP supports the
Development Plan now being implemented, the CCP complex is
growth and development of arts councils all over the country
poised to truly becoming a mecca for arts and culture in Asia.
through relevant workshops and seminars. In addition, the CCP
has also established ties with various international organizations
The Cultural Center of the Philippines nurtures and promotes
such as the Association of Asia Pacific Performing Arts Center,
artistic excellence, Filipino aesthetics and identity, and positive
the Conseil International des Organisations de Festivals de
cultural values towards a humanistic global society.
Folklore et d'Arts Traditionnels (CIOFF), the World Dance
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
CCP offers services like Art Collection, Building Tour, Costume
The National Museum has a three-dimensional goal covering diverse of
Rental, Library, Theater Operations and, Theater Operations
fields of knowledge through various educational, scientific and cultural
Consultancy.
activities. As an educational institution, the National Museum
disseminates scientific and technical knowledge in more understandable
NATIONAL MUSEUM
and practical forms through lectures, exhibitions, interviews and
publications for students and the general public.
As a scientific institution, the National Museum conducts basic research
programs combining integrated laboratory and field work in
anthropology and archaeology, botany, geology, and zoology. It
maintains reference collections on these disciplines and promotes
scientific development in the Philippines.
As a cultural center, the National Museum takes the lead in the study
Philippine National Museum‟s Mandate and Objectives
Educational, scientific, and cultural activities in diverse fields of study
and preservation of the nation's rich artistic, historical and cultural
heritage in the reconstruction and rebuilding of our nation's past and
veneration of the great pioneers who helped in building our nation.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Philippine National Museum‟s Vision and Mission
natural history specimens of the Philippine, from the historic times to the
Protecting, preserving and disseminating the legacy of the Filipino people
present, albeit the diversity of their cultural origins.
The existence of the National Museum is anchored on the basic
Museums & Branches
philosophy that the Filipino nation is kept unified by a deep sense of
National Art Gallery; Museum of the Filipino People;
pride in its own identity, cultural heritage and nature patrimony. The
The building was originally designed as the public library by Ralph
national identity of the Filipino must be developed and enhanced, while
Harrington Doane, the American consulting architect of the Bureau of
imbibing the spirit of nationalism and strong commitment in the
Public Works, and his assistant Antonio Toledo. Construction began in
protection and dissemination of its legacy.
1918 but was suspended several times because of lack of funds. When
it was decided that the building should be used by the Legislature, the
The National Museum is envisioned as the premier institution and
revisions of the plans was entrusted to Juan Arellano, then supervising
repository of our heritage, and as an exciting, informative, and
architect of the Bureau. The building was inaugurated on 16 July 1926,
enjoyable place to visit – a place that inspires people to learn from our
and by then had cost four million pesos.
traditions so as to help shape a better future.
The building was part of Daniel Burnham's plan for the development of
The National Museum is also dedicated to the mission of collecting,
Manila. Upon its completion, the second, third, and fourth floors were
preserving, studying, interpreting and exhibiting the cultural and
occupied by the Senate and House of Representatives while the ground
floor was occupied by the National Library.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
The 1934 Constitutional Convention was held in this building. On its
The project was presented to the former First Lady Mrs. Imelda R.
front steps Manuel L. Quezon was sworn in as President of the
Marcos, then the Chairman of the National Parks and Development
Commonwealth. The Legislative Building was a casualty during the
Committee (NPDC). As one of her priority projects, Mrs. Marcos
bombing and shelling of Manila in 1945. It was reconstructed in 1946
requested the Department of Public Works and Highways to prepare
following the original plans but with some revisions, such as the
the Planetarium in one month time and allocate the funds for the
replacement of flat pilasters of the stately rounded engaged columns.
construction.
In mid-1996, the Senate of the Philippines moved out of the building. In
2003, renovation started to transform it into National Art Gallery of
Construction of the building started in 1974 and took nine months to
the national Museum.
finish it. It was formally inaugurated on October 8, 1975. The
Planetarium is located between the Reading Center and Chinese
Planetarium
Garden at the Luneta Park.
The idea of putting up a modern Planetarium in Manila was conceived
in 1970‟s by the former National Museum Director Godofredo Alcasid
Affirming its establishment was Presidential Decree No. 804-A that was
Sr. with the assistance of Mr. Maximo P. Sacro, Jr. of the Philippine
issued on September 30, 1975. The Planetarium‟s primary function is to
Weather bureau (now PAGASA) and one of the founders of the
disseminate astronomical information through planetarium shows,
Philippine Astronomical Society (PAS).
lectures, demonstrations, exhibits and actual celestial observations. The
unique feature of the Planetarium is the true-to-life showing of
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
astronomical bodies that captures the interest and tickles the
and Edwardian life is told by their costumed staff and
imagination of viewers. The Planetarium main apparatus, the GM-15
volunteers in a unique living and working museum. Most of th
Goto Planetarium Projector was acquired through the Japanese
ehouses, shops and other buildings have been dismantled,
Reparation Program in the Philippines.
brought to Beamish and rebuilt in the place.
The staff work with real collections and demonstrate what life
Through the years, improvements have been made in the Planetarium
was like in the past. This allows you to experience what life
building through the efforts of its former Director Gabriel Casal and
would have been like first hand.
presently Director Corazon S. Alvina.
Beamish has been recreating the past for four decades and has
preserved the region‟s heritage by collecting and reconstructing
buildings.
1.7.3.2. FOREIGN CASE STUDIES
BEAMISH: THE LIVING MUSEUM IN THE NORTH
Beamish collects stories from the people in the North East
Beamish is a world famous
England and their photographs, recordings and
open air museum telling the
objects, and uses such collections to create the
story of the people of
things that they see on the site, as well as
North East England. The
allowing them to look back and share their past
story of Georgian, Victorian
with the visitors and the region.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
1.8. Scope & Limitations Of The Study And Project
building, the commercial building, the recreational park and the accessories
THE STUDY
such as parking spaces and walkways only.
This thesis book will focus on the promotion and preservation of the Philippine‟s
Intangible Property. Researches will be conducted on the chosen site and on
related structures. Respondents for interviews, surveys and questionnaires will
1.9. Definition of Terms

CULTURE – n
be chosen randomly including organizations and groups concerning cultural
the total of the inherited ideas, beliefs, values, and
tourism and Philippine Culture conservation (such as NCCA and DOT), students,
knowledge, which constitute the shared bases of social action
tourists (foreign/local) and ordinary people. The research will be conducted on
the artistic and social pursuits, expression, and tastes valued
a limited span of time; therefore, the information that will be gathered must be
by a society or class, as in the arts, manners, dress, etc
more precise and specific for the better understanding and analysis of the
topic.
-
Traditions; way of life; customs
o TANGIBLE PROPERTY – touchable;

THE PROJECT
The project will include designs from site development plan of the structure to
The material aspect in culture
o INTANGIBLE PROPERTY – untouchable;

may cover distinctive forms and phenomena of
architectural plans of buildings proposed up to the designs of facades of
intellectual creativity being transmitted by tradition or in
structures. This includes the main building (center of activities), administration
any other way, and particularly
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
- Language, dialects, tongues, toponymics, and

objects and artifacts on history and culture, arts and sciences are put on
- Folk creativity in the fields of music, dance, tradition,
exhibition for the general public

LIVING MUSEUM – a type of museum, in which historical events showing
values,
the life in ancient times are performed, especially in ethnographic
- Traditional skills and crafts
or historical views, or processes for producing a commercial product in
PHILIPPINE CULTURE - reflects the complexity of the history of the
terms of technical and technological developments are shown,
Philippines through the blending of many diverse
especially the craft. It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest
traditional Malay heritage mixed with Spanish, American and
extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period.
other Asian cultures.
Sometimes, a drama performing group of historical reenactment of
TOURISM (PHILIPPINES) – the coming of visitors from other countries in
historical scenes in historical buildings is considered as a living museum.
the Philippines and also the visiting of Filipinos from one domestic place

to another.

MUSEUM - an institutional establishment where a collection of valuable
traditional literature of all kinds
games, rituals, customs, as well as other traditional folk


CULTURAL TOURISM - describes all tourist trips that include cultural
activities (e.g. the visiting of monuments or sites), as well as experiences
AUTHENTICITY – being real or reliable; also, this is a criteria from
NCCA in acquiring their finanacial grants/ awards.

UNESCO – org. ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization; an organization that works to create the conditions for
and interaction with local people.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM

dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, based upon respect
(NEFCA) -- fund exclusively for the implementation of culture and arts
for commonly shared values
programs in line with the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan for
NCCA – gov. ; Natinal Commission for Culture and the Arts; is the
Culture and the Arts.
overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants giving agency

DOT – gov. ; Department of Tourism; shall be the primary government
for the preservation, development and promotion of Philippine arts and
agency charged with the responsibility to encourage, promote, and
culture; an executing agency for the policies it formulates; and task to
develop tourism as a major socio-economic activity to generate foreign
administering the National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts
currency and employment and to spread the benefits of tourism to both
the private and public sector.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
CHAPTER 2:
RESEARCH FOCUS
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Chapter 2
the city – its climate and its green space. Therefore, in designing, the
authorities may also use green space in their designs, either vertical or
Research Focus
horizontal green spaces – both are beneficial to the city’s preservation of
its major attractions.
TOPIC TITLE:
“Sustaining Green Spaces whilst Designing an Enclosed Structure”
2.2. Discussion of Principles
IMPACT OF GREEN SPACES ON AIR POLLUTION
2.1. Rationale
(“Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design” by Baruch Givoni”,
1998, USA)
Tagaytay City is currently developing their status in Tourism aiming to be
the top tourist city in the Philippines. To attain this goal, the city is investing
The urban air contains a vast number of microscopic particles which serve
in more developments/ infrastructures to be built in the city. That is why, if
as nuclei to which the gaseous discharge from automobiles and incomplete
you can observe, there is a numerous construction projects regulating within
combustion adhere.
the city. Before, it is not permitted, but because of the city’s goal, the
government has decided to invest in such.
Urban green spaces have both a direct and an indirect influence on air
pollution. The direct influence is through the filtration of part of the
But in designing such strcutures, enclosed, space-consuming structures, the
pollutants in the air by the vegetation (i.e., dust, gases, soot). The indirect
designers and the government must consider two of the major attractions of
influence results from the effect of open spaces, regardless of whether they
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
contain vegetation or not, on the ventilation conditions within the city area.

The quantity of dust content usually decreases from the weather
The urban ventilation, in turn, affects the dispersal of pollutants, mainly
side to the lee side of the plantation and sometimes the minimum is
those resulting from motor vehicles which are generated along streets near
to be found immediately on the lee side, outside of the green area.
the ground.
The dust content then rises rapidly, without attaining the maximum
of the weather side.
The filtration capacity of the vegetation increases with an increase in the
leaf coverage per unit area of land. In this respect, the order of efficiency
Particles falling on surfaces with no vegetation, under windless conditions,
is as follows: trees, shrubs, grass. In an urban grove of trees, the principal
are soon swept away, while in green areas the grass retains the dust. The
filtration is carried out by the first rows of trees upwind. Therefore, for a
grass blades jutting out into the air decelerate the flow of air close to the
given total number of trees, it is more efficient to plant them as narrow and
lawn, causing particles to drop down. This is so-called “lattice-effect” can
elongated strips of trees over the open area, leaving distances between
be increased substantially by large trees with rich foliage, because a
them, rather than to plant them as a single large grove.
larger volume of air will be caused to drop its dust.
Hader, in 1970, summarizes the following conclusions of different studies
Dense vegetation forming a “wall” perpendicular to the wind leads to an
on the distribution of dust in and out of urban green areas.
upward deflection of the air, which is swept over the green obstacle,

Inside the green area, as well as on wooded land, a diminution of
carrying along fine dust and smaller particles, while the larger particles
dust is noticeable.
are trapped by the vegetationupon impact. The fine dust sinks down after
the air overcomes the obstacle. This reduces the efficiency of green belts as
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
filters, at least in the case of fine dust and particles. Regarding larger dust
areas, and they even reduce erosion of soil into our waterways. These are
particles, measurement showed that even the fringes of woods have a
just a few of the environmental benefits that green spaces provide.
notable filtering effect.
Urban advantages. More green space within a city’s boundaries can
The effect of trees on the concentration of vehicular air pollution in urban
improve the urban environment. Among the green space advantages listed
streets, however, may sometimes be a mixed blessing. The dispersion of the
in EcoPlanIT Madison: Green Space Goal (UW-Madison Department of
pollutants depends on the wind speed at the street level and the vertical
Urban and Regional Planning) are: helping regulate air quality and
mixing of the polluted air with less-polluted air at higher levels. Dense
climate…reducing energy consumption by countering the warming effects
canopies of trees along streets with a high concentration of vehicular air
of paved surfaces….recharging groundwater supplies and protecting lakes
pollution.
and streams from polluted runoff.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF GREEN SPACES
Improved air quality. Trees, shrubs and turf remove smoke, dust and other
(http://www.projectevergreen.com/why-green-matters/environmental-
pollutants from the air. One tree can remove 26 pounds of carbon dioxide
benefits/)
from the atmosphere annually, equaling 11,000 miles of car emissions. One
study showed that one acre of trees has the ability to remove 13 tons of
Green spaces are a great benefit to our environment. They filter pollutants
particles and gases annually. 2,500 square feet of turf absorbs carbon
and dust from the air, they provide shade and lower temperatures in urban
dioxide from the atmosphere and releases enough oxygen for a family of
four to breathe.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Green roofs cool urban hot spots. Led by cities such as Chicago and
system these polluting particles do not enter the water system through
Toronto, as well as a number of universities, evidence is mounting that
surface run off leading to improvement in water quality. Although
green roofs (i.e. roofs totally or partially covered with vegetation) can
green roofs are recognised as playing a positive role in improving air
play an important role in saving energy, reducing the urban heat island
quality, this is linked to the positive effect they have on the urban heat
effect and adding more green space to a built environment.
island effect. Individual roofs in themselves will not have a great
effect. However a large area of green roofs in specific areas of large
Enviromental Advantages
cities or in Air Quality Management Zones would have a noticeable
(by livingroofs.org)
effect. Livingroofs.org understands that in the UK, the Greater London
Air Quality
Authority's Climate Change Adaptability Team are modeling the urban
Extensive planting within cities is now widely recognised as a means of
heat island effect in London to establish areas where action will be
improving air quality. Therefore, green roofs contribute to the
required in the future to adapt to climate change. Green roofs will
reduction of a number of polluting air particles and compounds not
certainly be a pragmatic and in some cases the only means of
only through the plants themselves, but also by deposition in the
adapting the urban fabric in London, especially central London, to
growing medium itself.
climate change. As 28 times the size of Richmond Park has the
Plants reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and produce oxygen
potential to be retro fitted with green roofs in London, such an area of
Green roofs reduce the heat island effect, which is the main cause of
green roofs would have a significant positive impact on the urban heat
ozone production Plant roofs remove heavy metals, airborne particles
island effect and resulting in improved air quality.
and volatile organic compounds Being absorbed into the green roof
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Green space
There is a need for increased densities in urban residential
The value of green spaces to people living and working in towns and
development (30 dwellings per hectare), which could result in
cities has increasingly been recognised by Government. The work of
terrestrial green space being reduced or lost. In the urban core the
the Urban Green Spaces Taskforce (Green Spaces, Better Places,
provision of green space is usually already severely limited, partly
2002) demonstrated the various benefits that green space provide,
through historical circumstances, and more recently very high land
such as ecological function, visually softening the built environment,
values; this makes the creation of new green space both important and
supporting biodiversity, aiding people's mental and physical health,
difficult. Given the nature and pressures of urban regeneration, the
and providing a communal focus and sense of place. Government has
creation of new spaces has to meet a number of interests; these
subsequently launched a raft of new policies, initiatives and funding to
generally result in highly formal spaces with little ecological benefit.
promote the good design and management of green spaces.
Creating low-maintenance, terrestrial, naturalistic green spaces in the
urban core are not popular; green roofs may provide one solution.
English Nature has published research that suggests that an accessible
Green roofs can provide both visually accessible and physically
natural green space should be no more than 300 metres from where
accessible green space. Roofs are largely visually 'dead' and
anyone lives in order to meet people's needs for contact with nature.
unappealing and their appearance to those overlooking them can be
Evidence suggests that regular direct contact with natural green space
softened by vegetation. There are instances where the sole justification
(and elements of the natural world such as birdsong and seasonal
of a green roof installation is for visual aesthetics. Areas of green
colour change) is good for people's health.
roofs can also provide accessible space for people to enjoy, and some
can be landscaped to extend existing green space, for example at
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Canary Wharf station on the Isle of Dogs, London. Roof gardens and
few), and management. The existences of green roofs that provide this
terraces are options for smaller buildings and have some historical
function suggest that these issues can usually be easily addressed.
ancestry. The Berlin roof gardens of the 19th century, have been
adopted on similar housing blocks in Britain (for example, Peabody
DIFFERENT APPLICATION OF GREEN SPACES
Trust's Balderton Flats in Mayfair) and were one of the inspirations for
1. Green Roof
the first modern green roof in the UK, at Derry & Toms, Kensington,
2. Living Wall
1938, which still serves as a garden, albeit with limited public access.
3. Water Islands
Roof gardens are increasingly being proposed for new office and
4. Vertical Spine of Planting
housing developments. Large areas of accessible green roof space can
be created if the building is large enough, for example above Cannon
2.3. Recommendations for Application
Street Station in the City of London [intensive], and at Chicago City
Green building can contribute immensely in mitigating and adapting
Hall [extensive]. More 'extreme' examples include a golf course on a
climate change in the Philippines. Green building has been going on
roof in the USA. The key issues that need to be considered in providing
around the world, particularly in the US, Europe and Asian countries like
accessible open space are health & safety (the need for a external
Singapore but it seems new to Filipinos.
rail or fence), over-looking neighbouring properties (a material
planning consideration), access to and from the roof-space, load-
There is a good effect of green spaces in the prevention of air pollution.
bearing (if the proposed numbers of people are to be more than a
Since the site is located in Tagaytay City where the climate is very good, it
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must be preserved and this principle is of big help if applied to structure to
be built in the place.
Green roofs are recognised as playing a positive role in improving air
quality, this is linked to the positive effect they have on the urban heat
island effect. These green roofs may be applied in the building not only for
its function which is to improve the air quality in the place but at the same
time, can provide both visually accessible and physically accessible green
spaces.
Extensive planting within cities is now widely recognised as a means of
improving air quality. But since the city of Tagaytay still has a lot of
greeneries (plants, trees, ets), planting is not too necessary. With the new
development that the city offers, green spaces are lessen, therefore, in this
project, the green roofing, to add functional spaces above every structure,
green spaces may be added to improve the quality of air and in the case
of Tagaytay, preserve its good quality.
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CHAPTER 3:
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
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a. Scenic views that give the site an environmental character –
Chapter 3
this may give the tourists a relaxed and peaceful feeling
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
like how the Philippines started.
III.
A City that needs this type of Structure:
3.1. Site Selection Process
a. A tourist destination
3.1.1. Setting the Criteria
b. Income Generating structure
c. A landmark for the city or may be in the country
GENERAL CRITERIA:
I.
Proximity to major gateways (sea and air ports) and highways
(DOT Guidelines)
a. Distance of site from the major highway should be 20-30
minutes
b. Distance of site from the major gateways should be at least
2-3 hours of travel
c. Availability of transportation within and around the area
d. Proximity to amenities (Maximum 30 minutes)
II. Environmental quality of the Area (DOT Guidelines)
SUB-CRITERIA:
1. The locality and environs including approaches shall be
pleasant with proper ingress and egress. (DOT Guidelines)
2. At least 10 Hectares of Land (As needed)
a. To contain the facilities needed in the structure
3. Proximity to existing tourist attractions (within 20-25 km
radius) (DOT Guidelines)
4. Peace and Order (DOT Guidelines)
a. Site must be safe for both domestic and foreign tourists
b. Low crime rate
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Archdioces of Lipa, one of the most powerful centres of the Roman
The criteria have been set by considering the type of
Catholic Church in the Philippines. According to historians and
structure to be proposed and the possible facilities that may be
musicologists, Batangas is also the home of the Kumintang, an
present in the structure.
ancient Filipino war song, later evolved to be the Kundiman, the
paramount of Filipino Art Songs. Aside from the Kundiman, the
3.1.2. Description of Site Options
province is also the origin of the lively Balitao or Balitaw (though the
GEN. OPTION 1: BATANGAS PROVINCE
province of Cebu may argue) and the worship dance Subli. As music
The Province of Batangas is most famous for their production and
forms an integral part of Batangas history, Batangueños are
market of the 'Balisong' or Filipino Butterfly knife. Batangas is the
frequently heard singing the Huluna (a Tagalog lullabby, so taxing
'Heart of the Tagalog Language' as the dialect of Tagalog spoken
because of its lengthy mellismas), the Duplo and Karagatan (a
here closely resembles the Tagalog spoken before the arrival of the
debate made by singing), the Pasyon (a narrative of the passion
Spanish. Linguistically Batangueños are also known for their unique
and death of Jesus Christ) and many other song forms.
affectation of often placing the particles e or ga (equivalent of
particle ba Filipino), usually as a marker of stress on the sentence, at
GEN. OPTION 2: LAGUNA PROVINCE
the end of their spoken sentences or speech; for example: "Ay, oo,
Laguna is now “a land of opportunity and enterprise.” It has
e!" ("Aye, yes, indeed!"). Some even prolong the particle 'e' into 'ala
eighteen industrial parks, yielding various products that range from
e', though it really has no meaning in itself. Religion also plays an
foodstuffs, handicrafts, semi-conductors, home appliances, and
important part in the daily lives of Batangueños, as it is home to the
automobiles. Indeed, it is a place for business ventures and
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investment, endowed with abundant natural wealth and diverse
“Laguna de Bay,” where the province got its name “La Provincia de
human talent.
la Laguna De Bay” until March 5, 1856 when Regent Queen Maria
Cristina of Spain issued a royal decree that created and classified
Although Laguna has maintained its agricultural lands that generate
19 civil provinces in the Philippines.
ample fruits, grains and vegetables, and awesome sceneries that
draw local and foreign tourists, it is far fetch in contrast to the
At the time of Salcedo’s sojourn in the villages by the lake, Laguna
Laguna, Captain Juan de Salcedo discovered when he explored the
de Bay and Pasig River was the natives’ expressway to Maynilad
largest freshwater lake in the Philippines and second in Asia, in
(Manila). This body of water was also the trading route of Chinese,
August 19, 1571 Laguna de Bay.
Thai, and Vietnamese merchants bartering their potteries and other
goods with local products in the 14th and 15th Century.
Salcedo, grandson of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the Philippines’
first Spanish designated governor sailed on the lake through the
The natives must have spent several hours or so paddling on the
Pasig River to discover populated communities on its shores. The
lake and river water to reach Manila, and the Chinese junks to sail
lake might be nameless then. Tagalogs (literally “Taga-ilog” or from
from Manila Bay through the Pasig to reach the villages around the
the riverside) residing on the lakeshore must have referred to the
lake. Today, we only need 30 minutes of comfortable travel via the
lake “Lawa,” “Looc” or “Baybay.” The Spaniards called it Laguna,
South Luzon Expressway to reach the province once called “La
Spanish for lagoon or lake. Since Salcedo chose to land in Bay,
Provincia de la Laguna de Bay.”
(could have been “Baybay” meaning lakeside) he named the lake
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GENERAL OPTION 3: CAVITE PROVINCE
story. Some of these sites are sacred and some are commemorating
Long known to
battlefields. More importantly, all of these places have contributed
be a
a sense of time, identity, and place to our understanding of Cavite
picturesque
as a whole.
province,
Cavite is a land
Tourism Nodal Points
blessed with a
As a premiere tourist destination where variety of attractions and
galore of natural wonders, making it gleaming and a perfect place
entertainment facilities are available, Cavite’s four (4) cities
for a memorable eco-holiday. The province boasts some of its most
and nineteen (19) municipalities are clustered into three tourism
superb mountains, cave and falls which can truly fascinate its
nodal points for the particular interests of visitors belonging to
numerous visitors. Natural wonders in Cavite are mostly found in the
different market segments:
upland areas such as Tagaytay Ridge, Cabag Cave in
1.
Maragondon, Balite Falls in Amadeo, Malibiclibic Falls in General
attractions and is conducive for meditating, sight-seeing, picnicking,
Aguinaldo-Magallanes border and Mts. Palay-Palay and Mataas
and other countryside activities
na Gulod National Park in Ternate and Maragondon. Meanwhile, a
2.
number of historical and religious sites are also located in province,
attractive because of the presence of world-class beach resorts
which have defined significant events and have illustrated human
complementing the area’s historical attractions
Tagaytay – Upland Area is famous for natural tourist
Ternate-Corregidor- Naic- Maragondon Area is popularly
creativity and cultural traditions. Each site tells its own distinctive
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3.
Kawit-Cavite City Area, Cavite’s focal point for the pieces
land area of 13, 455 square meters. It stands on a 4,516
of rich historical legacies the great Caviteño forefathers gave for
sq, meters solid ground and overlooks four bodies of water
the birth of Philippine Independence.
– Taal Lake, Balayan Bay, Laguna de Bay and Manila Bay.
The site is located on the special conservation area of
OPTION 1: PEOPLE’S PARK IN THE SKY
An artful blending of
Tagaytay City.
OPTION 2: PICNIC GROVE
natural and man-made attractions,
Tagaytay's playground is the
poised on the highest point of
popular Picnic Grove. It
Tagaytay City. It is located at
features huts line along the
Dapdap West and Dapdap East,
gentle slopes of the Tagaytay
Tagaytay City in the Province of
Ridge. It is a prime location,
Cavite Southern Tagalog Region/
providing the finest view of the
Region 4-A. It is approximately 6
volcano far below. It is in Barangay Sungay East. It is
to 7 km away from Silang Crossing.It is located at
operated by the City Government. It offers facilities for
northeastern part of Tagaytay. It is located on a special
picnicking, horseback riding, and skating, swimming,
conservation area based on the land use map/ zoning
sightseeing, overnight stay and the now famous zipline and
ordinance of Tagaytay City. The site has an approximate
cable car.
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3.1.3. Site Selection and Justification
in Batangas. The province of Cavite, as stated above is one of the premiere
PROVINCE
tourist destinations in the Philippines because of its natural beauty.
Cavite is one of the most industrialized and one of the fastest growing
provinces in the country due to its close proximity to Metro Manila. There
CITY
are first class hotels, inns and lodging houses to accommodate both foreign
The proponent chosen the city of Tagaytay to be the site for the project
and local tourists. Conference facilities can be found in several convention
because the city has no visible culture to offer visitors and the project will
centers, hotels and resorts in the province. Restaurants and specialty dining
give them another attraction for tourist aside from the Taal Volcano which
places offer mushroom dishes, native delicacies and exotic cuisines.
isn’t theirs and the good climate, that if continued to destroy will be gone.
Seafoods, fruits, coffee, organic vegetables, tinapa, handicrafts,
Then why not showcase the rest of the Philippine’s culture and promote what
ornamental plants also abound in the province.
the Philippines have?
There are twenty-two (22) accredited tourism establishments and three (3)
Tagaytay has a lot of tourist attractions but it is more of a weekend
accredited tour guides. There are also tour packages being arranged with
destination instead of a tourist destination because of its proximity to Metro
the Department of Tourism. Centuries old traditions and the very rich culture
Manila, tourists may choose to visit Tagaytay for an overnight or a daytime
of Cavite have been the source of great pride to Caviteños.
relaxation and go home because they know that Tagaytay is just an hour or
two hour-drive from the homes of Manileños. Its accessibility may be the
The province of Cavite is adjacent to Metro Manila and Batangas Province
reason why tourists won’t want to stay. Also, because there are no other
where the major gateways are located – airports in Manila and Sea ports
special in Tagaytay than its clean and fresh air, the majestic view of Taal
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Volcano, relaxation spa and wellness centers, the lack-of-attention People’s
and is located along a National Road. And if you’re looking for a good
Park in the Sky and the simple park of Picnic Grove. What more can
view, the site does not offer just a good view but a majestic panoramic
Tagaytay offer if tourists run out of reasons to go there?
view of Taal Volcano, Lake and Island and parts of Tagaytay and
THE SITE (PICNIC GROVE, SUNGAY EAST, TAGAYTAY CITY)
Batangas.
The city government of Tagaytay City recommended the site of Picnic
Grove for this project. They wanted to add facilities that the visitors may
be satisfied and also a structure that will give identity to Tagaytay just like
how culture of a community gives identity to that community.
3.1.4. Site Analysis
TAGAYTAY CITY
The City of Tagaytay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Tagaytay) is a second class city
The site is located at a place where tourists usually visit but do not normally
in the province of Cavite, Philippines. It is one of the country's most popular
stay for a long time. A one night or two is enough for them. That is why; the
tourist destinations. Tagaytay City provides a good view of the Taal
proponent has thought that making the tourists’ visits worthwhile even if it is
Volcano. The city is a popular summer tourist destination because of its cool
short is better than making them stay for long so that they will come back.
climate due to its high altitude.
When they go back, there will be new things that Tagaytay may offer not
only beautiful places but also spectacular experiences.
Legend has it that the word Tagaytay came from "taga" meaning to cut
and "itay" which means father. A father and son were said to be on a wild
The site is two-hours away from Manila and Batangas where major
boar hunt when the animal they were chasing turned and attacked them. As
gateways are. The site is 5-10 minute drive from Emilio Aguinaldo Highway
the boar charged towards the old man, the son cried "taga itay!". The boy's
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repeated shout reverberated in the alleys of the ridge. Heard by the
1.
Geographical Location
residents, hunters and wood gatherers, the cries became subject of
Tagaytay City is located in the Province of Cavite, island of Luzon.
conversation for several days in the countryside. In time, the place where
It is approximately 56 kilometers south of Manila, with a total land
the shouts came from became known as TAGAYTAY.
area of 6,500 hectares, which represents about 5.14% of the total
land area of Cavite. It lies within 120 o 56’ latitude and 14o 16’
Tagaytay City played a unique historical role during the Revolution of
longitude and overlooks Manila Bay on the north, Taal Volcano and
1896. It became the place of refuge and quick hide-away for Filipino
Taal Lake on the south and Laguna de Bay on the east.
revolutionaries from Batangas, Laguna and other neighboring towns. The
ridges and forests of Tagaytay became the sanctuary for revolutionaries
The city is linked by the national highway to the Metropolitan
including those from nearby provinces. The passage to and from towns via
Manila Area and to the Province of Batangas. It is also connected
Tagaytay added the word "mananagaytay" to the native's vocabulary. It
by roads to the adjoining municipalities of Amadeo, Mendez,
means "to traverse ridges."
Indang, Silang and Alfonso in Cavite towards the northwest, to the
municipalities of Calamba and Sta. Rosa in Laguna in the northeast
Today, the City of Tagaytay is identified as one of the priority areas for
and to the town of Talisay in Batangas in the south.
tourism development of the Department of Tourism. Likewise, the city has
been identified in the CALABARZON as a tourist center.
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2.
Political Subdivision
Iruhin East
297.29
Thirty-four barangays comprise the city, of which twelve are urban
Iruhin West
240.71
and the rest are rural. Table 1 indicates the names of barangays
Kaybagal Central
214.00
and their respective land area:
Kaybagal North
120.33
Kaybagal South
404.16
Mag-asawang Ilat
73.11
LAND AREA
Maharlika East
73.82
(in hectares)
Maharlika West
194.55
Asisan
133.43
Maitim II Central
96.90
Bagong Tubig
173.75
Maitim II East
141.31
Calabuso
446.38
Maitim II West
76.29
Dapdap East
75.09
Mendez Crossing East
55.40
Dapdap West
148.10
Mendez Crossing West
58.37
Francisco
358.00
Neogan
165.43
Guinhawa North
78.93
Patutong Malaki North
258.02
Guinhawa South
94.11
Patutong Malaki South
237.08
Iruhin Central
253.14
Sambong
301.24
Table 3.1. Land Area per Barangay
NAME OF BARANGAY
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San Jose
418.90
with very gently sloping surface. The built-up areas including the
Silang Crossing East
197.23
urban center are situated in these relatively level portions of the
Silang Crossing West
248.91
city.
Sungay East
280.08
Sungay West
202.43
Tolentino East
91.49
Tagaytay City’s climate is characterized by relatively low
Tolentino West
164.13
temperature, low humidity and abundant rainfall. The city is
Zambal
127.89
endowed with a cool and invigorating climate with an average
TOTAL
6,500
temperature of 22.7o C. Situated approximately 600 meters
4.
Climate
above sea level, the city is misty and is relatively cooler during the
3.
Topography
months of December, January and February. Like most areas in the
Tagaytay City is characterized by mixed topography. The southern
Province of Cavite, the City has two pronounced seasons: dry from
and eastern portions are covered by hills and mountains which are
November through April and wet during the rest of the year.
generally forests and open grasslands. There are ridge areas with
slopes ranging from 10.1 to over 25 percent. On the other hand,
1.
Rainfall
the portions adjoining the municipalities of Mendez, Indang,
Maximum rainfall usually occurs from July to September.
Amadeo and Silang are level to nearby level areas interspersed
The city’s annual rainfall is 2,321.5 mm with a peak of
573.5 mm in August and low of 5.1 mm in February.
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2. Relative Humidity
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Relative humidity is a measure of the moisture content of the
Population
atmosphere. The average relative humidity of Tagaytay is
As per 2007 NSO report, the city’s total population is 61,623. Its
78 percent. This makes the city cooler than the Metropolitan
night time population is the same with its daytime population since
Manila area where the average relative humidity exceeds
the city does not have any university or industrial park that
81 percent.
encourages a different situation. Since Tagaytay is a major tourist
destination, population doubles on weekends and holidays due to
3.
Wind Direction
North-eastern winds prevail in the city during the months of
October, November, December, January, February, March
influx of tourists and visitors. Household population is 13,150. The
city’s total labor force is 36,974 covering an age bracket of 15 –
65 years old.
and April. Winds came from the southwest during May,
June, July, August and September. The average speed of
the wind is 6 knots per hour.
4. Typhoons
Thirty one to forty percent of the typhoons visiting the
Philippines affect Tagaytay City. The probable months of
Table 3.2. Population per Barangay
NAME OF BARANGAY
POPULATION
1. Asisan
1723
2. Bagong Tubig
852
3. Calabuso
870
4. Dapdap East
701
typhoon season are from June to December.
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5. Dapdap West
1004
22. Mendez Crossing West
1774
6. Francisco
2746
23. Neogan
2321
7. Guinhawa North
516
24. Patutong Malaki North
1413
8. Guinhawa South
1266
25. Patutong Malaki South
1799
9. Iruhin Central
996
26. Sambong
892
10. Iruhin East
893
27. San Jose
3003
11. Iruhin West
2573
28. Silang Crossing East
1354
12. Kaybagal Central
4407
29. Silang Crossing West
1321
13. Kaybagal North
2273
30. Sungay East
3830
14. Kaybagal South
6345
31. Sungay West
3018
15. Mag-asawang Ilat
1133
32. Tolentino East
1948
16. Maharlika East
1054
33. Tolentino West
1143
17. Maharlika West
1420
34. Zambal
737
18. Maitim II Central
1011
19. Maitim II East
1898
20. Maitim II West
759
21. Mendez Crossing East
2630
TOTAL
61,623
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Education
STI College. CCT and Olivarez College are open to all enrollees
for tertiary education while SVD offers post graduate studies to the
seminarians aspiring for priesthood and brotherhood.
For the out-of-school youth residents who have given the
opportunity to formal education, the City Government in
coordination with the Department of Education provides an
alternative pathway by which out of school youth could earn/obtain
educational qualification comparable to the formal education
through the Alternative Learning System (ALS). The ALS coordinators
conduct Continuing Education Program (CEP); massive information
At present, there are seven (7) high school in the city, four (4) of
campaign and Literacy Classes in Elementary and Secondary School
which are private and three (3) are public. 16 Public Elementary
Leavers; Basic Computer Literacy Program and Livelihood Programs.
Schools; 12 Private Elementary Schools; located at different
The service provider also reviews and prepares the examinees for
barangays. Out of the 34 barangays, 31 have their own day care
the Accreditation and Equivalence Test. Five (5) Elementary A&E
center with playgrounds. Some barangays have also established
Test Passers were promoted to Secondary Level while 15
their own Community Learning Center. There are three (3) colleges
Secondary A&E Test Passers were promoted to college. At present,
in the city –City College of Tagaytay (CCT), Olivarez College and
the City has one (1) Mobile Teacher and two (2) ALS Coordinators.
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The City’s participation rate for elementary school is 97.39% and
Barangay Silang Crossing East near Rotunda, also caters the needs
92.37% for secondary school, respectively. Cohort Survival Rate is
not only of local residents but also the adjoining towns as well
88.71% for elementary and 94.8% for secondary.
tourists who visited the city.
Health and Nutrition
For minor cases, the City Health Office is open from Monday to
The delivery of basic health care services to the general public is
Friday providing medical and dental services to the city residents.
basically one of the primary concerns of the city. Thus, the City
The 34 barangay have also their respective barangay health
established its own Primary Hospital (Ospital ng Tagaytay) in 1997
centers under the direct supervision of City Health Office personnel
to render health services for the city residents especially to
assisted by Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) and Purok Social
underprivileged patients. In order to improve its services and
Workers (PSWs). Non-government Organizations (NGOs) such as
accommodate the increasing number of in-patient, the City
Project Health, Augustinian Sisters and private institutions also
Government constructed additional building (expansion) for
provide medical services to the residents.
additional hospital beds and to comply with the minimum
requirement of the Department of Health for hospital upgrading
At present the city has one (1) City Health Center, 34 barangay
from primary to secondary.
health centers, two (2) hospitals, nine (9) dental clinics, nine (9)
medical clinics and ten (10) drugstores to meet the health and
In addition, the construction of a state-of- the-art private tertiary
medical needs of the people.
hospital (Tagaytay Hospital and Medical Center) located at
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The city has 39 licensed physicians; eleven (11) dentists; seventy six
Among the services offered by the CSWDO are family life
(76) nurses and Barangay Health Workers.
education and counselling, family planning assistance, day care
services, supplemental feeding, relief and rehabilitation. In terms of
The City Nutrition Office’s records show that from 1998 to 2009,
facilities, it has set up one family clinic in every day care center.
the malnutrition rate in the city is below 1%. As a concrete
manifestation of the efficiency of the city’s nutrition program, the
Some government offices and private organizations operating
city has received several Nutrition Awards from the regional even
within the locality provide invaluable support to CSWDO in
up to national level.
extending social welfare assistance to those who are needy. The
government agencies that also assist the CSWDO are the
Social Welfare
Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health. The civic
Tagaytay City, like most towns and cities in the country, is beset with
and religious organizations on the other hand, include the Ladies of
its own social problems, which include unemployment, malnutrition,
Charity, Tagaytay City Credit Association, Society of St. Vincent de
inadequate housing provisions and drug addiction. To help
Paul, Marian Center, Women’s club, Poveda and Verbum Dei.
solve these problems, social welfare assistance in the city is
therefore extended by the City Social Welfare and Development
To monitor and concentrate on the social problems that arise in the
Office (CSWDO).
city, the following Programs and Services are provided by the
CSWDO: (1) Self-Employment Assistance, (2) Family and Community
Welfare (3) Child and Youth Welfare (4) Emergency Assistance
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Program (5) Program for Disabled Persons and the Elderly (6)
Public Safety (TOPS), Traffic Aides and private security personnel
Rolling Stores (7) Lingap sa Barangay, and (8) Day Care Services.
manned by different Security Agencies.
Protective Services
Tourism
Tagaytay City’s peace and order situation is safeguarded by the
Tagaytay City is one of the vital tourist sites, which play a very
Philippine National Police Force, which is under the Department of
significant role in the country’s tourism industry. From the National
Interior and Local Government. The total police force is composed
and Regional points of view, Tagaytay City ranks very high in
of 3 officers, 92 non-officers and 1 non-uniformed personnel. There
tourism potentials due to its scenic attraction and available
are seven (7) police headquarters strategically located in the
accommodation facilities that meet international standards. Because
busiest parts of the city such as the Centrum in Barangay Kaybagal
it is very accessible and strategically near Metro Manila, which is
South, Mendez Crossing West, Silang Crossing East, Mahogany
the main entry and exit point of the country’s local and international
Market, City Market in Tolentino East, Barangay Sungay West and
travellers, Tagaytay remains one of the leading tourist areas in the
Barangay Maitim II East. Sustained maximum security for the citizens
country.
is ensured through the 24-hour service.
The main tourist attraction of Tagaytay is the captivating panoramic
The police force are supported by Barangay Tanods (average of
view of the natural beauty of the Taal Volcano, which is the smallest
10 per barangay); Bantay-Lungsod under the Tagaytay Office of
volcano in the world and where two delectable rare species of fish,
the “maliputo” and “tawilis” are found. In spite of its nearness to
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Metro Manila, Tagaytay has a unique rustic atmosphere and
measures are provided for the city’s terrestrial, natural scenic
invigorating cool climate. This is the reason why people do not only
environment, water resource and urban and rural environments. The
want to visit the place but prefer to hold seminars / conferences the
protection and management of all these is the key towards
city. Complementing the natural endowment are several tourist
sustaining the city’s growth and development.
establishments, which are attractions themselves.
Increasing population is putting a lot of stress on the environment,
particularly on the volume of waste generated by the residents and
the commercial establishments in the city. Garbage collection in the
city is being managed by the local government unit through the
Parks and Plaza Division under the City Engineer’s Office. The
volume of solid waste is around 252 metric tons a week or an
average of 36 metric tons a day. Of the entire population, 73
percent of the households have access to solid waste collection,
which is done on a daily basis. Individual households particularly
those in barangays that are hardly reached by garbage trucks
Environmental Management
dispose their garbage by dumping in an open area, while the
It is the city’s inherent environmental characteristics, which has
limited number engage in backyard composting. Toxic and
fuelled its present state of growth. Environmental management
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
hazardous wastes from hospitals are collected and disposed of in a
9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act, and is in line with the
separate dumpsite.
city’s action towards proper protection of the environment.
In addition, the City Government constructed a Materials Recovery
Tagaytay also suffers from the absence of a central sewerage
Facility covering an area of 4,000 square meters with equipment to
system/waste water treatment systems. Since these facilities require
process mixed waste per day. It is designed to receive, sort,
massive resources, the city resorts to using natural drainage and a
tree-chamber (sealed) septic vault.
Natural Resources
Land
LAND AREA
Tagaytay City has a total land area of 6,500 hectares, which is
roughly 5.19% of the total land area of the Province of Cavite. The
City is politically subdivided into thirty-four (34) barangays from
the original twenty (20). Nine barangays remained in their original
status while the rest were further divided into two or three smaller
process and store compostable and recyclable materials efficiently
ones.
and in an environmentally-sound manner in compliance with RA
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
LAND USE TYPES
Restaurants, entertainment, recreational and similar establishments
of the urban-tourism type shall be the developments herein. This
area is also classified into two: (1) Northern Tourism Strip, which is
located at the north of Tagaytay-Nasugbu-Calamba Road, and (2)
Southern Tourism Strip, situated at the southern side of the said
road. Rules on building heights and densities shall be heavily
regulated in order to protect the general view of the Lake area.
The Southern Tourism Strip structures are still classified into: (1)
Obstructive (those that block the lake view) and (2) Non-obstructive
Tourism Strip
(those that do not block the lake view).
The tourism strip is comprised of a 60-meter northward distance
from the center of the Tagaytay-Nasugbu-Calamba Road and all
Primary Urban Core
areas within 18% downward slope on the southern side of the said
The block enclosed by J.P. Rizal Avenue and the Tagaytay-Nasugbu
road. It shall serve as one of the key venues for the “sustainable
Road is the Primary Urban Core. What make the sight an ideal
ecological tourism base” and shall be in line with the realization of
urban core are its central location, sufficient size for unitary
the city’s vision.
planning and the location of major urban facilities. All property
owners shall confirm to a pre-agreed Master Plan since this shall be
a Planned Unit Development (PUD) Area.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Developments shall focus on the provision of urban facilities and
amenities such as hotels, convention halls, parks and similar
Table 3.3.
Land Allocation
LAND USE TYPE
AREA
(in hectares)
institutions. This area shall revolve around the existing Tagaytay
1. Tourism Strip
344.49
5.31
Centrum or the government center.
2. Primary Urban Core Area
361.07
5.55
3. Secondary Urban Core Area
127.94
1.97
Land Allocation
4. General Development Area
1,338.66
20.59
The type of land use to which majority of land (26.73%) in
5. Agricultural Development Area
1,356.10
20.86
Tagaytay are devoted is the Ecological Development Area. Second
6. Ecological Development Area
1,737.66
26.73
is the Agricultural Development Area (20.86%) followed by
7. High Density Housing Area
19.64
0.30
General Development Area (20.59%).
8. Ecological Tourism Area
670.85
10.32
9. Special Conservation Area
350.19
5.39
10. Special Institutional Area
135.62
2.09
11. Greenbelt Zone
57.78
0.89
TOTAL
6, 500.00
Note: Area computation was done manually
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Land Use per Barangay
Urban sprawl posted a 27.70% annual growth rate from 1995 to
The barangays which host the Primary Urban Core include Mendez
1997. This is due to the accelerated expansion of residential
Crossing East, Kaybagal South, Maharlika West, Tolentino East,
subdivisions.
Silang Crossing East and West, Sungay East and San Jose. Almost
all barangays comprise the General Development Areas except
Zambal, Bagong Tubig and Sambong (Ecological Development
Table 3.4. General Land Use Shifts
Year
Built-up
Agriculture
Woodland
Area), Dapdap West, Dapdap East and Calabuso North (Ecological
Tourism Area). See Table 10 for the Percentage of Land Use
d
1946
Distribution per barangay.
1980
General Land Use Shifts
Area
72
3,780
2,329
434
Share
1.09 %
57.14 %
35.21%
6.56%
Area
292
3,984
1,508
831
Share
4.41 %
60.23%
22.80%
12.56
Built-up Areas
The built-up areas, which were initially confined along the major
Grasslan
%
Area
431
4,250
1,480
454
arteries of the City, have grown considerably. The expansion has
Share
6.52 %
64.24%
22.37%
6.86%
exhibited an accelerated pace within the last decade. The core
Growth
4.42 %
0.72%
-0.21%
-6.60%
built-up area exhibited a substantial sprawl plus the opening up of
Rate
1,097
3,870
1,395
253
new urban developments in the interior areas contributed to the
1989
1995
Area
significant annual growth rate from 1989 to 1995 which is 16.84%.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Share
16.58 % 58.50%
21.09%
3.83%
Urban Land Use Shifts
Growth
16.84 % 1.57%
-0.98%
-9.24%
When Baguio City was devastated by the 1990 Luzon earthquake,
realtors have looked toward Tagaytay as its alternative. As such,
Rate
1997
Unverified Unverif
there was a 200% increase in construction projects, both from
27.04 % 27.33%
Unverified
ied
residential and commercial developers. Over 25 housing
27.7 %
Unverified
Unverifi
developers sell vacation homes with the cool climate and panoramic
ed
view of Taal Volcano as their selling advantage.
Area
1,789
Share
Growth
Rate
1,808
-31.65%
Unverifi
ed
In 1997, Tagaytay’s urban land is primarily used for residential
purposes (60.98%). It took the place of institutions that dominated
Note: 1997 data on Woodland and Grassland were not reflected since they
the urban lands from 1980 to 1989. Also in 1997, 18.72% of the
may not be accurate due to the limitations of the field survey. Obtained
city’s urban land is devoted to commercial and tourism related uses.
figures were 2,418 hectares and 600 hectares for woodland and grassland,
respectively.
Table 3.5. Urban Land Use Shifts
Year
Com
Parks &
Agro-
Resid
merc Inst’l
Open
Indust
ential
ial
Spaces
rial
Total
and
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Touri
*
sm
1980
1989
1995
1997
1
18.7
6.99
0.78%
2.96
Growth
60.9
2%
%
52.75
%
Rate
8%
5.49
14.1
%
142.
%
1%
9
Area
160
24
65
15
28
Share
54.7
8.22
22.6
5.14%
9.59
26.2
9%
%
%
%
0%
Area
250
36
100
15
40
Share
58.0
6.04
23.2
3.48%
9.28
* 1997 total includes actual idle lands and utilities, which are not
Growth
0%
%
0%
0.00%
%
quantified in the above table
Rate
5.08
0.89
4.90
4.04
Land Ownership
%
%
%
%
Only minimal areas are left in the possession of the government
Area
658
301
96
6
9
1,09
since most lands, including those at the steep slopes, are titled to
Share
62.4
27.4
8.75
0.55%
0.82
7
individual owners. Other owners are religious institutions, residential
Growth
4%
4%
%
-
%
Rate
18.2
50.4
-
14.16
-
9%
1%
0.68
%
22.0
%
Area
1,09
335
125
292
Share
431
67%
Source: Tax Map / Validation Survey
subdivision developers and commercial / tourism realtors.
1%
14
53
1,78
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Slope
One important factor considered in determining the suitability of
Areas with Type D slopes (10.1 to 18.0 percent) cover 520.0
lands for urban development as well as the capability of an area
hectares of land in portions of Barangays Calabuso, Dapdap, Iruhin,
for cultivation is slope
Sungay, Sambong, Kaybagal, San Jose and Silang Crossing. Due
to the good soil characteristics in the city, these moderately or
Levels to moderately sloping areas endowed with good soil
rolling areas are planted to diversified crops although there are still
characteristics are favorable for cultivation and urban utilization.
vast tracks of open grasslands in Barangays Dapdap and
Strongly sloping to mountainous condition renders the land highly
Calabuso.
prone to soil erosion and unfavorable for agricultural production
and urban development.
Type C slopes (5.1 to 10.0 percent) are most prevalent in
Barangays Francisco, Iruhin, Sungay, Tolentino and San Jose. These
Approximately 2,665.0 hectares of land, which represent
41.0% of the city’s total land area, have slopes of above 18.0%.
gently undulating slopes are mostly devoted to different crops due
to their suitability for cultivation.
These strongly rolling and mountainous portions are situated along
the ridge and on the eastern end of the city. Due to the unsuitability
Except for the eastern end of the city, the lands situated at the north
of these mountainous and strongly sloping portions for cultivation
of the National Highway leading to Batangas have slopes ranging
and urban use, most of these areas are currently utilized as forests
from 0.0 to 5.0 percent. Slopes in these 34.0% four percent or
or abandoned as open grasslands.
2,210 hectares of land are classified as Type A.
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Erosion Potential
Soil erosion is the process by which soil particles are detached and
2.
Moderate Erosion – This type of erosion is characterized by
transported by run-off water. The degree and occurrence of
the loss of 25 to 75 percent of the surface soil and is evident during
erosion are affected by such factors as slope, amount / intensity of
the starting stages of gully formation. This kind of erosion is most
rainfall, vegetative cover, land use and type of soil.
likely to take place in 14.59% or 948.35 hectares of land in
Tagaytay City.
Depending on the amount of topsoil and subsoil removed and the
presence of gullies, the degree of erosion may vary from slight to
3.
None to Slight Erosion – This kind of erosion is defined as
very severe.
the removal of less than one-fourth of the original surface soil. This
occurs in Types A, B and C slopes, where erosion takes place inspite
The various degrees of erosion characterizing Tagaytay City are
of favorable relief conditions due to faulty farm management
the following:
practice. Areas falling under this category consist of 3,055 hectares
1.
of land in the relatively level portions of the city, covering 47.0% of
Severe / Very Severe Erosion – Erosion is severe / very
severe when all of the surface soil and part of the subsoil are
the city’s total land area.
eroded with some gully formation. Subject to this kind of erosion
are 2,517.45 hectares or 38.37% of the total land area of the city.
Soils
These are the mountainous and strongly sloping areas along the
Knowledge of the soil types and soil characteristics provides some
ridge and on the eastern part of the city.
guiding principles in selecting and recommending various uses of
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
land. The basic types of soils found in Tagaytay City belong to
dry. This type of soil is easy to work on. Among the crops that
Tagaytay series. These are the Tagaytay sandy loam and the
grow best in this type of soil are upland rice, corn, sugarcane,
Tagaytay loam.
coconuts, citrus, coffee, pineapple, avocado and various vegetables.
The central and western portions of the city are covered by the
Land Capability Classification
Tagaytay sandy loam. The surface soil of the Tagaytay is sandy
Land capability classification is a scheme for grouping soil units
loam which is 12 to 50 centimeters deep, dark brown to nearly
together according to the best use of lands in order to optimise
black, friable and granular sandy loam with a considerable amount
production, preserve land and prevent soil damage through
of volcanic sand. The subsoil is dark brown to very dark brown and
improper use. The classification indicated the relative suitability of
varies in texture from clay loam to clay. It is underlain by reddish-
land for agriculture and the corresponding land management
brown to yellowish brown adobe clay. This adobe clay varies in
requirements. This serves as one of the important bases in
depth depending on the topography of the place.
recommending the use land, especially for areas to be returned for
agriculture. The four major factors considered in land capability
On the other hand, the eastern portion of the city is covered by
classification are: (1) soil properties (2) degree of erosion and (3)
Tagaytay loam, which has a surface soil consisting of a 15 to 35-
drainage and flooding hazard.
centimeter thick layer of brown to dark brown loam containing more
or less fine sandy material. The soil is moderately friable when
Land capability classes are grouped into four general uses from the
moist. In the disturbed condition, it becomes hard and cakes when
standpoint of agricultural as well as economic capabilities. This can
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
be any or a combination of the four general purposes, namely: (1)
are as follows:
Lands suitable for cultivation (2) Lands limited to pasture (3) Lands
limited to forests and (4) Lands limited to wildlife and recreation.
1. Land Capability Class “A”
This class includes very good lands, which can be cultivated safely
In Tagaytay City, the lands suited for agriculture consists of four
and require only simple but good farm management practices.
land capability classes. These arable lands which cover 3,836.95
2. Land Capability Class “Be”
hectares or 59.03% of the total land area and are currently
This class includes good lands that are nearly level to gently sloping,
cultivated and planted to diversified crops such as coffee,
slightly to moderately eroded and can be cultivated safely if
pineapple, corn, banana, sweet potatoes, coconuts, palay and
carefully planned erosion control management practices and
vegetables. The land capability classes to which those lands belong
intensive soil conservation practices are observed.
3. Land Capability Class “Ce”
This class consists of moderately good lands that are moderately
sloping, moderately to severely eroded, and can be cultivated
safely if carefully planned erosion control management practices
and intensive soil conservation practices are observed.
4. Land Capability Class “De”
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
This class includes fairly good lands that are slightly sloping,
This includes very steep lands, which are excessively eroded,
moderately to severely eroded due to excessive run-off and can be
shallow, rough or dry for cultivation but can be used for grazing
cultivated occasionally if handled with care. These lands require
with careful management and definite restriction. These lands are
very careful management and complex conservation practices and
best suited to forest with careful management.
are most suitable to pasture or tree farms.
On the other hand the non-arable lands in the city cover 2494.05
Roads
hectares or 38.37% of the total land area. These lands are
For purposes of prioritizing the development maintenance of the
unsuitable for agriculture and consist of land capability classes “M”
roads within Tagaytay, the city’s circulation system is thus,
and “N” which are mostly situated along the ridge area and the
categorized into three (3) functional hierarchical classifications:
eastern portion of the city. These non-arable lands are
national highways, arterial collector and service road classification.
characterized by the following:
Based on these classifications, roads characterized as arterial are
5. Land Capability Class “M”
given top priority as to development/maintenance while the service
Lands included here are those which are very steep to mountainous,
roads are comparatively given low priority.
excessively eroded or shallow for cultivation. Stones and rock
outcrops are occasionally present. These lands are good for
The major arterial road of the city is the national Highway
grazing or for forest and need careful farm management.
horizontally traversing the city. Aside from being the city’s primary
6. Land Capability Class “N”
road, which links most of the city’s barangays, it also serves as a
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
national thoroughfare connecting Tagaytay to the province of
Meanwhile, collector and service roads are those which branch out
Laguna and to the province of Batangas.
from these arterial roads. These include all the city and Barangay
roads in the area. Aside from serving as the main access of the
Running almost perpendicular to the arterial roads are eight other
population in the inner portion of Tagaytay, these roads
arterial roads, seven of which are maintained by the national
particularly, the service roads are also used as farm-to-market
government. At present, all of these are vital road linkages in as
roads by the farmers of the city.
much as they provide access to the towns and cities of the four
regions/provinces, namely: Metro Manila, Laguna, Batangas and
As of year 2009, Tagaytay City has a total length of 139.250
Cavite. These arterial roads are enumerated as follows:
kilometers. Out of this total road length, about 39.70 kms are
1. Tagaytay – Manila via Silang Road (National Road)
classified as National Roads, 29.829 kms are City Roads and
2. Tagaytay – Ulat Sto. Domingo – Sta. Rosa Road (National
69.721 kms are Barangay Roads.
Road)
3. Tagaytay – Cavite vi Mendez Road (National Road)
4. Tagaytay – General Trias via Amadeo Road (City Road)
5. Tagaytay – Talisay Road (2) (National Road)
6. Tagaytay – Laguna via Calamba Road (National Road)
7. Tagaytay – Taal Lake Road (National Road)
8. Tagaytay – Batangas via Tuy Road (National Road)
106
THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Sports and Recreation
Corporation (PAGCOR). Development Academy of the Philippines
The City of Tagaytay provides for its residents, visitors and tourists
(DAP), which is situated at Barangay Sungay East is among the
a number of facilities for both sports and recreational activities.
favorite venues for conventions, seminars and conferences. Various
Available sports facilities include: Two (2) state of the art Sports
facilities that can be availed of at the DAP include pelota court,
Centers, one (1) gymnasium, one (1) 18-hole golf course, one (1)
ping pong room, game room for chess and mah-jong, children’s
track and field oval, eighteen (18) basketball courts, four (4)
playground, covered tennis court, covered squash beating lagoon,
playgrounds, one (1) baseball and softball field, four (4) swimming
skating rink, swimming pool and one goal basketball court. The
pools, one (1) bowling center, ten (10) billiard halls, one (1) fitness
Philippine Judicial Academy located at Barangay Silang Crossing
center, one (1) bridle path, one (1) bicycle/jogging trails, two (2)
East offers facilities such as tennis court, 400.2 golf area, pool
squash courts, two (2) parks and one (1) mini zoo.
tables, ping-pong tables, billiard tables, swimming pools, and
basketball and volleyball courts. Another is the Residence Inn/Mini
Alternatively, establishments for passive leisure interest are also
Zoo, situated at the western part of the city, along Tagaytay-
available in Tagaytay. One of which is Tagaytay Picnic Grove,
Nasugbu Road. The famous Tagaytay Highlands and International
which is operated by the City Government. It is located at
Golf Club at Barangay Calabuso is an exclusive golf club being
Barangay Sungay East. It offers facilities for picnicking, horseback
managed / operated by a private firm. Facilities/amenities that
riding, and skating, swimming, sightseeing, overnight stay and the
can be availed at Tagaytay Highlands include: 18-hole golf course,
now famous zipline and cable car. Another is the Casino-Filipino,
billiard halls, ping pong tables, tennis courts, squash courts, fitness
being managed by the Philippine Amusement and Gaming
gym, swimming pool, wading pool, bridle path, bicycle and jogging
108
THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
trails, and gardens where one can relax and feel the refreshing
Financial Profile
breeze of Tagaytay. Shuttles and cable cars are available within
INCOME
the premises.
For the year 2009, the City Government collected a total income of
FIVE HUNDRED SEVENTY TWO MILLION SIX HUNDRED SIXTEEN
Japanese Garden, one of the public parks in Tagaytay, has a well-
THOUSAND FIFTY NINE PESOS and 08/100
maintained garden and landscaping, a lagoon and a gazebo. It is
(Php572,616,059.08) with an increase of 7% from the city’s income
located along Tagaytay-Calamba Road at Barangay Sungay East,
of 2008. With the beginning balance amounted to TWENTY FIVE
just across DAP - beside Picnic Grove.
MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED NINETY ONE THOUSAND EIGHTY
PESOS and 99/100 (Php25,791,080.99) contributing 4.5% of the
With regard to sports development, all schools in the city, whether
city’s total income.
public or private, conduct physical and sports development
programs for their students. These programs are being supported
Out of the city’s income in 2009, General Fund has the biggest
by the City Government through the designated Sangguniang
share having a total collection of FOUR HUNDRED EIGHTY SEVEN
Kabataan Coordinator and City Sports Coordinator. Inter-Barangay
MILLION SIX HUNDRED SIXTY ONE THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED
basketball tournament for the youth is also being held during
TWELVE PESOS and 60/100 (Php487,661,612.60) which
summer.
contributes 85% of the city’s total income. It has an increase of
11% from the 2008 income of FOUR HUNDRED THIRTY THREE
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
MILLION SIX HUNDRED NINETY SEVEN THOUSAND SIX
HUNDRED EIGHTY SIX PESOS and 95/100 (Php121,778,186.95)
HUNDRED TWENTY PESOS and 08/100 (Php433,697,620.08).
contributing 24.97%. Service Income collected a total amount of
ONE HUNDRED TWENTY SEVEN MILLION FIVE HUNDRED EIGHTY
Special Education Fund has a total collection of EIGHTY FOUR
THREE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED ELEVEN PESOS and 04/100
MILLION NINE HUNDRED FIFTY FOUR THOUSAND FOUR
(Php127,583,511.04) contributing 26.16%. Local Income collected
HUNDRED FORTY SIX PESOS and 48/100 (Php84,954,446.48)
the amount of THIRTY TWO MILLION THREE HUNDRED THIRTY
contributing 15% of the city’s total income in 2009. It has an
SIX THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED EIGHTY FIVE PESOS and 45/100
increase of 3% from 2008 collection of EIGHTY TWO MILLION SIX
(Php32,336,685.45) contributing 6.63%. Permits and Licenses
HUNDRED NINETY THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED EIGHT PESOS
collected a total amount of SIXTEEN MILLION SIXTEEN
and 61/100 (Php82,690,208.61).
THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED FOUR PESOS and 59/100
(Php16,016,304.59) contributing 3.28% of the total General Fund
The bulk of the city’s General Fund income came from Other Income
income.
which has a total collection of ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY NINE
MILLION NINE HUNDRED FOURTY SIX THOUSAND NINE
EXPENDITURES
HUNDRED TWENTY FOUR PESOS and 57/100
For the year 2009, the City Government of Tagaytay had a total
(Php189,946,924.57) contributing 38.95%. Real Property Tax
expenditure of FIVE HUNDRED FORTY ONE MILLION TWO
collected a total amount of ONE HUNDRED TWENTY ONE
HUNDRED FIFTY SEVEN THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED EIGHT PESOS
MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY EIGHT THOUSAND ONE
110
THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
and 86/100 (Php541,257,608.86) which shows an increase of 6%
Special Education Fund (SEF) expended a total amount of SIXTY
from the city’s expenditure in 2008.
EIGHT MILLION THREE HUNDRED SIX THOUSAND THREE
HUNDRED ONE PESOS and 33/100 (Php68,306,301.33) or 13%
Out of the total expenditures in 2009, FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY
of the city’s total expenditures. This showed a decrease of 14%
THREE MILLION THIRTEEN THOUSAND FORTY SIX PESOS and
from SEF expenditures for 2008 of NINE MILLION FOUR
84/100 (Php453,013,046.84) or 87% came from the General
HUNDRED THIRTY FOUR THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED SEVENTY
Fund. This showed an increase of 4% from 2008 General Fund
PESOS and 04/100 (Php9,434,670.04).
expenses of TWENTY MILLION FIFTY THREE THOUSAND TWO
HUNDRED FIFTY NINE PESOS and 48/100 (Php20,053,259.48).
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
THE SITE
The site is located at Barangay Sungay East, Tagaytay City. The site is located along the Tagaytay-Calamba Road. It is located on the Southeastern
part of the city. The site is in front of the Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP) and beside Nature’s Park (Vacant Lot beside Tierra de Maria).
The site is a 5-7 minute-drive from the Tagaytay Rotonda and from the site, another 5-10 minute-drive to People’s Park in the Sky. The lot has a total
land area of approximately 121, 321 square meters or 12.13 heactares of land.
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ESTABLISHMENTS NEAR THE SITE
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ROADS & LANDMARKS NEAR THE SITE
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THE SITE
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SITE PICTURES
PARKING AREA
DIRTY COTTAGES AND SPACES
UNUSED PICNIC AREAS
UNSAFE BRIDGE
UNUSED PICNIC AREA
DILAPIDATED INNS
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CONTOUR ANALYSIS
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SUN PATH & WIND ANALYSIS
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TRAFFIC & NOISE ANALYSIS
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VIEW ANALYSIS
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3.1.5. Laws and Ordinances Pertaining to the Site
CITY ORDINANCE NO. 97-98
Series of 1997
Article V
Section 11. Use Regulations in Primary Urban Core (PUC). The PUC
e. Flower shop
shall be a Planned Unit Development but subject to the following general
regulations:
1.5 Food markets and shops like:
1. Allowable Uses
a. bakery, bakeshop and wine store
1.1 Commercial housing
b. grocery and supermarket
a. hotel, motel, apartel
1.6 Personal Service shops like:
b. clubhouse
a. beauty parlor and barber shops
1.2 Commercial condominium (with residential units in the upper floors)
b. sauna bath and massage clinic
1.3 Office building/condominium
c. dressmaking and tailoring shop
1.4 General retail/store and shops like:
1.7 Recreational centers/establishments like:
a. Department store/shopping center, bookstore and office supply shop
a. movie house/theater
b. Car shop
b. play court e.g. tennis court, swimming pool, bowling alleys, billiard
c. Home appliance store
halls.
d. Photo shop
c. day and night clubs
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d. stadium, coliseum, gymnasium
e. other sports and recreational establishments
1.9 Short-term educational facilities like:
a. dancing and driving schools
1.8 Restaurants and other eateries
b. school for self defense
1.19 Government centers to house national, regional or local offices in the
c. speech clinic
area
1.10 Storeroom and warehouse but only as may be necessary for the
1.20 Colleges, universities, professional business schools, vocational and
efficient conduct of business.
trade schools, technical schools and other institutions of higher learning
1.11 Embassy/Consulate
1.21 General hospitals, medical centers, multipurpose clinics
1.12 Library, museum, scientific, cultural and academic centers and
1.22 Convention centers and related facilities
research facilitie except nuclear, radioactive, chemical and biological
1.23 Other uses similar, related or directly incidental to the above uses.
warfare facilities
2. Bulk and Density
1.13 Filling/Service Stations
The Floor Area Ratio (FAR) shall be 5.0 and the BHL shall be fifteen (15)
1.14 Clinic
storeys but not more than sixty (60) meters above the Reference Elevation
1.15 Bank and other financial institutions
(as defined in Section 10). The PLO shall be 60%.
1.16 Radio and Television stations
3. Impervious Surface
1.17 Building garage, transportation terminal/garage
Impervious surface area shall not be more than 5% of the resultant PLO.
1.18 Repair of optical instruments and equipment’s and cameras, clocks
4. Fencing
and watches
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Fencing along Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road and J.P. Rizal Ave. shall be
unlandscaped parking lots are not allowed; should open parking be
seethrough and have a maximum height of 1.80 meters from the finished
provided, these shall be so landscaped to have a park-like character.
grade line and shall be of good quality such as wrought iron; cyclon wire
7. Setbacks
fences are also allowed.; fence base made of concrete, hollow blocks, rock
Minimum building setback shall be per the requirements of the National
or any material shall have a height of no greater than 0.40 meters from
Building Code and the provisions of Sec. 26 – Road Setback Regulations. In
the finished grade line.
cases of discrepancy, the wider requirement shall be deemed applicable.
5. Landscaping
8. Building Color
A landscaping plan shall be prepared for approval by the office of the
All buildings shall be of earth tone or nature color.
Zoning Administrator.
6. Parking
CITY ORDINANCE NO. 97-93
Parking area requirements shall be the per minimum requirements of the
Series of 1997
National Building Code.
AN ORDINANCE REVISING THE ZONING REGULATIONS FOR THE CITY
No on-street parking nor parking without buffer strip shall be allowed;
OF TAGAYTAY, PROVIDING FOR THE ADMINISTRATION,
instead, parking spaces shall be buffered from the street shoulder by
ENFORCEMENT AND AMENDMENT THEREOF AND FOR THE REPEAL
planting strip with district entry and exit phone. Basement and upper level
OF ALL ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT THEREWITH.
parking are encouraged; parking buildings may also be built provided
that these are designed to appear as regular buildings. Open and
Section 7. Zone/Area Boundaries. The locations and boundaries of the
zones
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or areas into which the city has been divided are hereby identified and
Bounded on the West by the junction of Mahogany Ave. and Tagaytay-
specified
Nasugbu Road.
as follows:
City Ordinance No. 2009-054
1) Tourism Strip - Northern Tourism Strip
An ordinance ammending section 7. ZONE/AREA boundaries of City
Bounded on the North by a 60 meter distance from the road right-of-way
Ordinance No. 97-93 known as “The City land Use Plan and Zoning
line of Tagaytay-Nasugbu and Tagaytay-Calamba Roads; Bounded on
Ordinance”
the South by the Tagaytay-Nasugbu and Tagaytay-Calamba Roads;
Bounded on the West by Tagaytay City’s boundary with the Municipality
of Alfonso; Bounded on the East by the Special Conservation Area (SCA).
Explanatory Note:
When the existing Land use Plan and Zoning Ordinance were
formulated in the early part of the year 1997, among the primary
2) Primary Urban Core - Southern Tourism Strip
considerations were the economic condition and rapid pace of
Bounded on the North by the Tagaytay-Nasugbu and Tagaytay-Calamba
development in the realm of real estate and toursim development trends
Roads; Bounded on the South by slopes having a downward gradient of
both in the level of regional and national perspectives. For more than a
more than 18% from the road right-of-way line of the Tagaytay-Nasugbu
decade of its implementation, the zoning classifications as delineated in the
and Tagaytay-Calamba Roads; Bounded on the North by Mahogany Ave.;
Land Use Map which are intended for commercial use has become smaller
Bounded on the South by the Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road; Bounded on the
and smaller. This present condition needs to be addressed accordingly to
East by the junction of Mahogany Ave. and Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road
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accommodate more investments particularly on areas adjacent to areas
environment (view of Taal Lake/Volcano) along the ridge areas have still
which are intended for commercial use.
to be enforced or even strengthened. Hence, it is deemed necessary that
certain amendments on some provisions of the City’s Land Use Plan &
As delineated in our existing Land Use Map, the northern and
southern strip of the National Roads (along Tagaytay-Calamba Road,
Zoning Ordinance have to be carried out, subject of careful and further
study considerations by the concerned city’s stakeholders.
Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road and J.P. Rizal Avenue) are intermittently zoned
as tourism strip wherein massive development such as high-rise structure
Now therefore on motion of Coun. Laureano Mendoza, Chair, Comm. On
and other commercial businesses are not allowed in the area. Thus some
Public Works and Land Utilization, be it ordained by the Sangguniang
interested investors who plan to venture on this type of projects are hesitant
Panglungsod ng Tagaytay that:
or even constrained to push through their businesses due to development
restrictions being imposed by the City. Moreover, the fact that the city’s
Section 1. Section 7 is hereby amended to read as follows:
land area is considerably small and buildable area is limited; the possible
option is to allow vertical development on specific areas that are closely
A.
ZONE/AREA BOUNDARIES. The locations and boundaries for the
adjoining with the commercial zones. It is a fact that the current trend of
zones or areas are hereby identified and specified specifically the
econimic activities especially on tourism as well as real estate development
boundaries of Primary Urban Core (PUC) and the Secondary Urban Core
(residential subdivision, commercial condominiums, and the like) will lead
(SUC).
our city towards a genuine and sustainable economic growth. Nontheless,
existing measures and policies pertaining preservation of natural
a. Specific Area Coverage for Primary Urban Core (PUC) Expansion:
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CLUSTER 1 – Bounded on the North by JP Rizal Avenue;
Bounded on the South by Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road
Bounded on the West by the Junction of SVD Road
and Tagaytay-Calamba Road
Bounded on the East by the Junction of JP Rizal
Boundedn on the North by a 500 meters distance
Avenue and Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road
from Tagaytay-Calamba road
Bounded on the West by the junction of JP Rizal
Bounded on the South by Tagaytay-Calamba Road
Avenue (Verbum Dei) and Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road
CLUSTER 2 – Bounded on the East by the Property Line of
CLUSTER 4 – Bounded on the West by Sungay Lane, Brgy.
Sungay West
City Land and Villa Pura Subdivision, Brgy. San Jose
Bounded on the East by the Property Line of Picnic
Bounded on the West by Magallanes Drive, Brgy.
Grove, Brgy. Sungay East
Silang Crossing West
Bounded on the North by 250 meters from
Bounded on the North by a 500 meters distance
Tagaytay-Calamba Road
from the National Road Right of Way
Bounded on the South by a distance of 700 meters
Bounded on the South by Tagaytay-Batangas Road
from Tagaytay-Calamba Road
and Tagaytay-Calamba Road
CLUSTER 3 – Bounded on the East by the junction of
(More of the City Ordinance No. 2009-054, see Appendix B)
Tagaytay-Calamba Road and Tagaytay-Sta.Rosa
Road
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3.1.6. Site Development Options
3.1.6.1. OPTION 1
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3.1.6.2. OPTION 2
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3.1.6.3. OPTON 3
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3.2. Space Programming Data
3.2.1. Space Programming Index
(See Appendix)
3.2.2. Users Analysis
The activities are based, aside from the norm, from the program of activities:
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
Primary User A: TOURISTS
(User Movement Pattern)
(User Profile)
Walk-in
Tourists
(Local or Foreign)
(Individual or Group)
Reserved
(Group-Fieldtrip or from
Hotels in Tagaytay)
(User Behavior)
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Primary User B: PERFORMERS
(User Behavior: Rehearsal Days)
(User Profile)
Locals
Performers
(Locals or Guests)
(Students/ Residents of
Tagaytay-Scholars)
Guests
(Group/s from the
featured culture)
(User Behavior:Performance Days)
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Primary User C: ADMINISTRATION OFFICERS
(User Movement Pattern)
(User Profiile)
Park
Administrator
Administration
Officers
(Park and Museum)
(Officer assigned for
the Recreational Park)
Museum
Administrator
(Officer assigned for
the Living Museum/s)
(User Behavior)
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3.3. Design Solutions
Concept Board:
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SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
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PERSPECTIVES
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THE LIVING MUSEUM
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FRONT ELEVATION
RIGHT ELEVATION
LEFT ELEVATION
REAR ELEVATION
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CROSS SECTION
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
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ADMINISTRATION/ PERFORMERS’ BUILDING
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ELEVATIONS
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LONGITUDINAL SECTION
CROSS SECTION
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ADMINISTRATION/ PERFORMERS’ BUILDING
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COMMERCIAL BUILDING
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VIEW FROM BUS PARKING
VIEW FROM THE LIVING MUSEUM’S GREEN ROOF
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EXHIBIT BOARDS
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CHAPTER 4:
DESIGN SOLUTIONS
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Chapter 4
Design Solutions
Concept Board:
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SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
136
THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
PERSPECTIVES
137
THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
THE LIVING MUSEUM
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
FRONT ELEVATION
RIGHT ELEVATION
LEFT ELEVATION
REAR ELEVATION
141
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CROSS SECTION
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
142
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ADMINISTRATION/ PERFORMERS’ BUILDING
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ELEVATIONS
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LONGITUDINAL SECTION
CROSS SECTION
145
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ADMINISTRATION/ PERFORMERS’ BUILDING
146
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COMMERCIAL BUILDING
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VIEW FROM BUS PARKING
VIEW FROM THE LIVING MUSEUM’S GREEN ROOF
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EXHIBIT BOARDS
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
BIBLIOGRAPHY

André Desvallées, François Mairesse; “Key Concepts of Museology; 2009

http://www.cebu-philippines.net/philippine-culture.html

Cultural Carribean Niche Markets-5

Gail Dexter Lord; “Power of Cultural Tourism”; Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin; September 17, 1999

“Museum-Crazy in the City”; Philippine Daily Inquirer; April 17, 2002

Sec. Gemma Cruz-Araneta, “ Community Culture & History: A New Thrust for Philippine Tourism”; Travel Post; December 1998

Jeannie E. Javelosa; “CCP’s Pearl”; Philippine Post; September 06, 1999

http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm

http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm

http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_culture.html

http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/culture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture

http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/00/ckenned1/definition.html

http://tourism-philippines.com/festivals/

http://www.visitmyphilippines.com/index.php?title=Culture&func=all&pid=27&tbl=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines

http://icom.museum/who-we-are/the-vision/museum-definition.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum

UNESCO, Definitions for intangible cultural heritage
THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
APPENDICES
SPACES
DESCRIPTION
ACTIVITIES
USERS
NO. OF USERS
SPACE FACTOR
FURNITURE/
FIXTURES/
EQUIPMENT
RELEVANT CODES
AREA
LIVING MUSEUMS
PUBLIC SPACES
INFORMATION LOBBY
TICKETING OFFICE
where visitors/ tourists may
ask information about the
place and its amenities; also it *wait
is a lounge where they can
wait while the show has not
*ALL
* 100 users
*14.0 m / person
(NBC)
where tourists can buy their
tickets for the shows
*Ticket Officer,
guests
*3 officers (inside)
*12.0 m / person
(NBC)
*Staff, guests
*300 seating capacity *0.65 m2/ user (NBC) *chairs, wide monitor
*ALL
*5 cubicles
*IT Personnel
*3 personnels
*buy/ sell tickets
3
3
*sofa, coffee tables,
desks, display tables
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the
size of rooms.
450 m
*desk, chairs, drawers,
computers
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the
size of rooms.
20 m2
General Requirements for Occupant
Loads-National Bldg. Code
195 m2
*water closets,
lavatories
Sanitation Code of the Philippines
5.4 m2
*desk, chairs, drawers,
computers
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the
size of rooms.
20 m2
General Requirements for Occupant
Loads-National Bldg. Code
195 m2
Sanitation Code of the Philippines
5.4 m2
2
PUBLIC SPACES
CINEMA
TOILETS
a wide room with a large
screen for watching
*watch, eat
documentaries/ film about
the festival
where the users may do their
*hygienic
hygienic activities
*1.08m2 per Cubicle
PRIVATE SPACES
a room containing the
MECHANICAL ROOM operating system of the
cinema
*operate
computers/systems
*12.0 m3 / person
(NBC)
PUBLIC SPACES
AUDITORIUM
TOILETS
a large room where cultural/
theatrical shows can be
done; here is where the
*watch, eat
musics and dances will be
performed
*Performers, staff,
*300 seating capacity *0.65 m2/ user (NBC) *chairs
guests
where the users may do their
*hygienic
hygienic activities
*ALL
*5 cubicles
*1.08m2 per Cubicle
*water closets,
lavatories
SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES
2
STAGE AREA
an elevated area where
*perform
performances are being held
*Performers
*maximum of 30
performers
*IT Personnel
*3 personnels
*56.25 m - min.;
reasonable max.- 169 *curtains, lights
2
m
*56.25 m2Spatial Requirements for various
min.;
types of Theatrical Production- Time reasonable
saver Standards
max.- 169
2
m
PRIVATE SPACES
a room containing the
MECHANICAL ROOM operating system of the
cinema
*operate
computers/systems
BACKSTAGE
area behind the stage area
*prepare for
where performers are waiting
performances, wait
before their parts
*30 performers, 3
*Performers, Staff technical people, 1
choreographer
DRESSING ROOM
a room for the performers to
prepare for the show,
retouching/ changing of
costumes
*30 performers, 3
*Performers, Staff
make-up artists
STORAGE ROOM
room to contain props for the *keep unused things
*Staff, performers
shows
for performances
*make & dress up
*3 personnels
*12.0 m3 / person
(NBC)
3
*14.0 m / person
(NBC)
*desk, chairs, drawers,
computers
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the
size of rooms.
20 m
*chairs, lights and
sounds equipments
(small/minor
equipments)
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the
size of rooms.
*158.67 m
Metric Handbook Planning and
Design Data- Performer's Spaces
52.5 m2
*shelves/ cabinets
Time Saver Standards
0.9 m2
*desk chairs
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the
size of rooms.
450 m2
General Requirements for Occupant
Loads-National Bldg. Code
65 m2
*3.5 m2/ person (not
*dresser, chairs,
more than 20 person
cabinets
per room)
*0.9m3/ shelf
2
PUBLIC SPACES
KIDDIE ROOM
where parents must sign their
REGISTRATION AREA names and their child's to
*guest registration
register them inside
*Guests, staff
* 100 users
KID'S AREA
*Guests, staff
*100 users
storytelling place
*watch, eat
*14.0 m3/ person
(NBC)
*0.65 m2/ user (NBC) *chairs
2
LIBRARY
a room with shelves full of
kiddie books
*read, research
*Guests, staff
*50 users
*3.25 m / person
PLAY AREA
a space with kid's toys
*play
*Guests, staff
*50 users
N/A
2
SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES
Metric Handbook Planning and
*shelves, tables, chairs,
Design Data -Space requirements
office table and chair
for readers (research workers)
*play ground
equipments
N/A
162.5 m
2
N/A
2
2
STAGE AREA
an elevated area where
*perform
performances are being held
*Performers, staff
*5 performers
TOILETS
where the users may do their
*hygienic
hygienic activities
*ALL
*5 cubicles
*56.25 m - min.;
reasonable max.- 169 *curtains, lights
2
m
*1.08m2 per Cubicle
*water closets,
lavatories
*56.25 m Spatial Requirements for various
min.;
types of Theatrical Production- Time reasonable
saver Standards
max.- 169
2
m
Sanitation Code of the Philippines
5.4 m2
PRIVATE SPACES
BACKSTAGE
area behind the stage area
*prepare for
where performers are waiting
performances, wait
before their parts
DRESSING ROOM
a room for the performers to
prepare for the show,
retouching/ changing of
costumes
STORAGE ROOM
room to contain props for the *keep unused things
*Staff, performers
shows
for performances
PUBLIC SPACES
GALLERY
*make & dress up
*Performers, staff
*Performers, staff
*10 users
*5 users
* 1 personnel
3
*14.0 m / person
(NBC)
*chairs, lights and
sounds equipments
(small/minor
equipments)
*3.5 m2/ person (not
*dresser, chairs,
more than 20 person
cabinets
per room)
*0.9m3/ shelf
*shelves
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the
size of rooms.
46.67 m2
Metric Handbook Planning and
Design Data- Performer's Spaces
17.5 m2
Time Saver Standards
0.9 m2
LOBBY
gathering space for the
visitors
*wait for your
company/ guide
DISPLAY ROOM
exhibition space to display
artifacts of featured festival.
*exhibitions, look at
the displayed
artifacts
TOILETS
where the users may do their
*hygienic
hygienic activities
Waiting Areas, 25% seating, 75%
standing
*500 users
*0.65-0.9 m2/ person *desk & chairs
*Guests, staff
*300 users
*182.08 m / display
*display tables/ shelves Time Saver Standards
room
*ALL
*5 cubicles
*1.08m per Cubicle
*Guests, staff
2
2
*water closets,
lavatories
Sanitation Code of the Philippines
325 m2
*182.08
2
m / display
room
5.4 m
2
PRIVATE SPACES
CURATOR'S OFFICE
room to work into for the one *office works,
in charge for the delivered
entertain clients/
artifacts
exhibitor
RESEARCHER'S
OFFICE
room for the researcher's to
work into
DELIVERY AREA
space to where delivered facts *loading/ unloading
*Staff
are placed
of artifacts to display
*3 services/ trucks
per day
SPECIAL STORAGE
ROOM
room to store the artifacts
before and after an exhibit
while it hasn't been
transported
*storing of
collections/
conservation of
collections
*Curator, staff
*5 max. users
UTILITY ROOM
a room containing the utility
and maintenance materials.
*keeps utility/
maintenance tools
*Staff
*3 users/ half hour
PUBLIC SPACES
FESTIVAL GROUND
*research, office
works
*Curator, staff
*1 officer, 4 staff
*Researchers, staff *10 users per hour
*12.0 m3 / person
(NBC)
3
*12.0 m / person
(NBC)
*office table, office
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
chairs, sofa, side tables,
Requirements in determining the
coffee tables, office
size of rooms.
cabinets, computer
20 m
*office table, office
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
chairs, sofa, side tables,
Requirements in determining the
coffee tables, office
size of rooms.
cabinets, computer
20 m2
N/A
*0.9m in between
shelves
*0.9m3/ shelf
N/A
N/A
2
N/A
2
*4 Shelves, 4 cabinets
Time Saver Standards
6.3 m
*3 shelves
Time Saver Standards
0.9 m2
(open area) the space for the
festival, where the festival will *festival
be celebrated.
*ALL
*500 users
N/A
a space in the festival ground *play instruments,
where the technical materials
operates sounds
are placed (such as main
system
speakers, operating systems,
*Musicians, IT
personnel
*15 users
*12.0 m / person
(NBC)
DINING AREA
space to where the foods are
served and consumed by the *eat, serve food
customers
*Guests, waiters,
staff
*100 diners
TOILETS
where the users may do their
*hygienic
hygienic activities
*ALL
*5 cubicles
COUNTER AREA
area where the foods are
displayed, order and paid.
*order food, display
food
*Registrar, staff
*3 cashiers/ 3 staffs
KITCHEN
room where foods are
prepared and cooked
*prepare ad cook
foods
*Chefs, waiters,
staff
WET STORAGE
room specially treated to store
wet goods (meats, fishes, and *keep wet goods
the like)
DRY STORAGE
room specially treated to store
dry goods such as (noodles, *keep dry goods
breads, and the like)
SERVICE AREA
*wash bigger pans/
an area where, other than
excess dishes (if the
food preparation and cooking
*Staff
kitchen area can't
are done
handle all)
GROUND
PRIVATE SPACES
MUSICIAN'S BOOTH
RESTAURANTS
PUBLIC SPACES
N/A
N/A
*chairs, sound system
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the
size of rooms.
60 m
Minimum areas per person- Metric
handbook Planning and Design Data
110 m
*water closets,
lavatories
Sanitation Code of the Philippines
5.4 m2
*12.0 m3 / person
(NBC)
*display cabinet,
computer, table, chairs
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the
size of rooms.
24 m2
* 10 kitchen staffs
*18.60 m2/person
*tables, stoves, ovens,
General Requirements for Occupant
sinks, kitchen cabinets,
Loads-National Bldg. Code
shelves
*Staff
*Staff (atleast 1)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
*Staff
*Staff (atleast 1)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
*5 staff (max)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3
2
*1.1 m / person (TSS) *dining tables, chairs
*1.08m2 per Cubicle
N/A
2
2
PRIVATE SPACES
186m2
WASTE DISPOSAL
AREA
LAUNDRY ROOM
area where garbages are
being placed for garbage
collectors to gather
room where laundry services
for mantels of the restaurant
takes place
*dispose wastes
*Staff
*1 staff
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
*do the laundry
(mantles, napkins,
etc)
*Staff
*3 staff
*0.7 m2/ person
*washer, cabinets, dryer
Space Requirements for Laundry
Rooms-Time Saver Standards
2.1 m2
EMPLOYEE'S
LOUNGE/ PANTRY
a room for the employees
during breaks and before &
after they start working
MANAGER'S OFFICE
a room for the manager where *office works,
he does his work
entertain clients
*Manager, guests
*5 users
*12.0 m / person
(NBC)
utility room for the whole living *keeps utility/
museum's premises
maintenance tools
*Staff
*2 staff
*0.9m3/ shelf
UTILITY ROOM
*rest, eat, chat, keep *Staff, chef,
things
waiters, registrar
*10 users/ hr
2
*0.5 m / person (TSS)
3
*dining table for 10,
chairs, lockers
Size of place setting- Time Saver
Standards for Building Types (2nd
edition)
5m
2
*office table, office
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
chairs, sofa, side tables,
Requirements in determining the
coffee tables, office
size of rooms.
cabinets, computer
20 m
*3 shelves
0.9 m2
Time Saver Standards
2
SPACES
DESCRIPTION
ACTIVITIES
USERS
NO. OF
USERS
SPACE
FACTOR
FURNITURE/
FIXTURES/
EQUIPMENT
RELEVANT CODES
AREA
*sofa, coffee
2
*0.65-0.9 m / tables, benches, Waiting Areas, 25%
display tables, seating, 75% standing
person
display cabinets
47.5 m2
REHEARSAL BUILDING
PUBLIC SPACES
a wide space for the performers
to stay while waiting
*wait
*Performers, *max. of 50
staff
users
REHEARSAL AREA
a wide rectangular room where
performers will practice their
performances
*practice for
performances
Performers' spaces*Performers, * 30
*music players, Metric Handbook
2
choreographe performers, 1 *2 m / person
fixed speakers Planning and Design
rs, staff
choreo
Data
TOILETS
where the users may do their
hygienic activities
*hygienic
*Staff,
performers
LOBBY
REHEARSAL ROOMS
PUBLIC SPACES
*3 cubicles
*1.08m2 per
Cubicle
*water closets,
lavatories
62 m2
Sanitation Code of the
Philippines
3.24 m2
*min. of 0.50m
*lockers, chairs Time Saver Standards
depth/ locker
7.5 m2
PRIVATE SPACES
LOCKER ROOM
a room for the performers' things *keep things, freshen
to keep
up, change clothes
*Performers, *15
staff
performers
SHOWER ROOM
a room where the performers
may take their shower after
rehearsals
*Performers, *10 users (2
*shower,
2
*0.8 m / cubicle
staff
at a time)
lavatory, WC
DRESSING ROOMS
a room either for male or female
*dress/make-up for
where they can put their
performances
costumes on
*shower/ freshen up
2
*Performers, *15
staff
performers
*3.5 m / person
(not more than *dresser, chairs,
20 person per cabinets
room)
Time Saver Standardsminimum dimensions for
Shower area
1.6 m
Metric Handbook
Planning and Design
Data- Performer's
Spaces
52.5 m2
2
STORAGE ROOM
room for storing props and
costumes of the performers
*keep performance
*Staff,
props and other things performers
*staff
*0.9m3/ shelf
*3 shelves
Time Saver Standards
0.9 m2
PUBLIC SPACES
PERFORMERS' LOUNGE
TOILETS
a place where the performers
may stay during breaks; where
they can converse with other *chat, gather
performers and build
companies with each other
*Performers,
*60 users
staff
where the users may do their
hygienic activities
*Staff,
performers
*hygienic
*3 cubicles
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air
*benches, sofa,
Space Requirements in
*12.0 m /
coffee tables,
determining the size of
person (NBC)
side tables
rooms.
3
2
Sanitation Code of the
Philippines
3.24 m2
Minimum areas per
person- Metric
handbook Planning and
Design Data
110 m2
*water closets,
lavatories
Sanitation Code of the
Philippines
5.4 m2
*stoves, sinks,
kit.cabinets,
2
*0.65 m /person
shelves, oven,
table
Time Saver Standards
1.95 m
Time Saver Standards
0.9 m2
*1.08m per
Cubicle
*water closets,
lavatories
240 m2
PUBLIC SPACES
DINING HALL
TOILETS
a place where the performers
may consume their food after
rehearsals/performances
*eat
*Performers, *50 users at
staff
a time
where the users may do their
hygienic activities
*hygienic
*Staff,
performers
*5 cubicles
2
*1.1 m / person *dining tables,
chairs
(TSS)
*1.08m2 per
Cubicle
PRIVATE SPACES
KITCHEN
space to where the foods are
served and consumed by the
customers
*prepare/ cook food
*Chef, staff
*3 staff
STORAGE ROOM
a room to store goods
*keep
utility/maintenance
tools
*Staff
*2 staffs
*0.9m3/ shelf
*3 shelves
2
COUNTER
area where the foods are
displayed and served
*display/ get food
*Staff,
performers
sleeping rooms provided for
guest performers, sometimes
the local performers.
*sleep
*Performers, *10 beds/
staff
room
*2 staffs
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air
*display
cabinet,
Space Requirements in
*12.0 m /
determining the size of
person (NBC) table, chairs
rooms.
3
8m
2
PRIVATE SPACES
SLEEPING QUARTERS
TOILET & BATH
MAIN STORAGE ROOM
where the users may do their
*hygienic
hygienic activities and take baths
a room to store things for the
whole rehearsal building (like
unused props, beddings, etc)
*Performers, *10 persons
staff
per BR
*keeps maintenance
and utility tools for the *Staff
whole building
*2 staffs
*1.8m2/ bed
2
*1.2 m
minimum/
person
*0.9m3/ shelf
* beds, side
tables, closets
Time Saver Standards
(Area of a bed)
18 m2
*shower,
lavatory, WC
NBC
12 m
*5 shelves
Time Saver Standards
1.5 m2
2
SPACES
DESCRIPTION
ACTIVITIES
USERS
NO. OF
USERS
SPACE
FACTOR
FURNITURE/
FIXTURES/
EQUIPMENT
RELEVANT CODES
AREA
Time Saver StandardsTypical store layouts
with center cases
40 m2
SOUVENIRS' BLDG.
PUBLIC SPACES
parted rooms for displaying
goods to sell (souvenirs and
delicacies)
*buy/ sell goods
*Staff,
tourists
*10 persons/
*display racks, desk,
*4m2/ person
hr.
chairs
where the users may do their
hygienic activities
*hygienic
*ALL
*5 cubicles
2
*1.08m per *water closets,
Cubicle lavatories
Sanitation Code of the
Philippines
5.4 m
a room to store utility materials for
the maintenance of the structure
*keeps utility/
maintenance tools
*Staff
*2 staffs
*0.9m3/ shelf *3 shelves
Time Saver Standards
0.9 m2
STORAGE ROOM
a room to store the goods
*keep other goods
*Staff
*1 staff
*0.9m3/ shelf *3 shelves
Time Saver Standards
0.9 m2
PANTRY/LOCKER ROOM
a room for employees to stay during
*eat/ keep things of
breaks and keep their personal
employers
things
*Staff
Size of place settingTime Saver Standards
for Building Types (2nd
edition)
1.5 m2
head staff for marketing office
*Head
Officer,
guests
*5 users
*office tables, office
3
*12.0 m /
chairs, small cabinets,
person
shelves, sofa, coffee
(NBC)
table, computers
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air
Space Requirements in
determining the size of
rooms.
20 m2
*5 staff
*office tables, office
3
*12.0 m /
chairs, small cabinets,
person
shelves, sofa, coffee
(NBC)
table, computers
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air
Space Requirements in
determining the size of
rooms.
20 m2
STALLS
TOILETS
PRIVATE SPACES
MAINTENANCE ROOM (General)
*3 staff
*0.5 m2/
person
(TSS)
*table, chairs, lockers
2
PRIVATE SPACES
MAIN OFFICE
STAFF'S AREA
*office works
a room for main staff of the structure
*offcie works/ entertain
including a head staff for marketing
clients, guests
team
*Staff, head
officer,
guests
SPACES
DESCRIPTION
ACTIVITIES
USERS
NO. OF
USERS
SPACE
FACTOR
FURNITURE/ FIXTURES/
EQUIPMENT
RELEVANT CODES
AREA
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING
PUBLIC SPACES
LOBBY
first space when you enter the
building where you can find the
information desk
*wait
*staff, officers, *20 people/
visitor/ guests half hour
INFORMATION DESK
a space where you can ask
about what you need inside the
building
*ask, register
*staff, guests
PUBLIC TOILETS
where the users may do their
hygienic activities
*hygienic activities
*25-50 users *3 cubicles
*10 people/
hour
2
*0.65-0.9 m /
person
*sofa, coffee tables,
benches, display tables,
display cabinets
3
*14.0 m / person *desk, chairs, computer
*1.08m2 per
Cubicle
*water closets, lavatories
Waiting Areas, 25% seating, 75%
standing
13 m2
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the size of 46.67 m2
rooms.
Sanitation Code of the Philippines;
Sanitary installation-Metric Handbook
Planning and Design Data
3.24 m2
SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES
Main Administration (Department Offices)
SECRETARY'S AREA
the place where the director's
secretary stays; near the
*office works,
director's office-preferably space entertain guests
before entering director's office
*1 Secretary, *5 users
4 guests
max.
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*12.0 m3 / person *office table, office chairs,
Requirements in determining the size of
shelves, cabinets, computer
(NBC)
rooms.
20 m2
STAFF AREA
area for the office's staff where
they do their works.
*Staff, Dept.
*10
head, guests
*office tables, office chairs,
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*12.0 m3 / person small cabinets, shelves,
Requirements in determining the size of
sofa, coffee table,
(NBC)
rooms.
computers
40 m
*1 Director,
max of 4
guests
*office table, office chairs,
*12.0 m / person sofa, side tables, coffee
tables, office cabinets,
(NBC)
computer
20 m2
*office works,
entertain guests
2
PRIVATE SPACES
DIRECTOR'S OFFICE
a room where the director of the
building does his works; also,
*office works
here he receives his guests.
*5 users
max.
3
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the size of
rooms.
HEAD OFFICE
a room inside the main office for
the department head where he *office works,
does his work and receives
entertain guests
guests.
*Head Officer, *max. of 5
guests
users
*office table, office chairs,
*12.0 m / person sofa, side tables, coffee
tables, office cabinets,
(NBC)
computer
PANTRY/ LOUNGE
a room for the employees during
*rest, eat, chat, keep *Head Officer
breaks and before & after they
*10 users
things
& staff
start working
*dining table for 8, chairs,
2
*0.5 m / person
lockers, kitchen cabinets,
(TSS)
kitchen sink
TOILET
where the users may do their
hygienic activities
a room that contains the main
IT ROOM (IT Services
computers for the buildings' IT
Department)
services.
LOCKER AREA (Sec.
& Maint. Dept.)
UTILITY ROOM (Sec.
& Maint. Dept.)
TOILET
MEETING ROOM
*hygienic activities
*Staff, Dept.
head
*computer operating
*Staff, Dept. *3
head, guests computers
a room for the employees during
*keep things, change
breaks and before & after they
*Staff
clothes
start working
*keep utility and
a room containing the utility and
maintenance
maintenance materials.
materials
where the users may do their
*hygienic activities
hygienic activities
*1 cubicle
*max. of 20
users
3
2
*1.08m per
Cubicle
*water closets, lavatories
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the size of
rooms.
20 m
Size of place setting- Time Saver
Standards for Building Types (2nd
edition)
5 m2
Sanitation Code of the Philippines
1.08 m
2
*office tables, office chairs,
*Metric Handbook Planning & Design
*1 m2/ computer
computers (operating
Data
table
system)
3 m2
*min. of 0.50m
*lockers, chairs
depth/ locker
Time Saver Standards
10 m2
2
*Maintenance *max. of 10
Staff
users
*0.9m3/ shelf
*3 shelves
Time Saver Standards
0.9 m2
*Staff, Dept.
head
*1 unit per
department
*1.08m2 per
Cubicle
*water closets, lavatories
Sanitation Code of the Philippines
1.08 m2
*max of 15
users
*20.16 m (formal
meetings) ;
12.4m2 (informal
meetings)
a room where the officers gather
and talk about the things about
*meetings, entertain *Officers,
the whole structure; where they
guests/clients
staff, guests
entertain clients and sometimes,
guests.
2
*conference table for 10,
chairs, shelves, side tables, Metric Handbook Planning and Design
projector screen, projector, Data
white board
20. 16 m2/
12.4 m2
Park & Museum Administration
PUBLIC SPACES
LIBRARY
a room containing shelves of
(Entertainment/ Cultural
*research, read
books/references for researchers
Research Department)
*Researchers,
*study tables, chairs, office Metric Handbook Planning and Design
head officer, *5 users/ hr *3.25 m2/ person table, book shelves, office Data -Space requirements for readers
guests
cabinet, computers
(research workers)
16.25 m
2
SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES
STAFF AREA
*office works,
research, entertain
guests
*min. of 5
*Staff, guests
users
*office tables, office chairs,
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*12.0 m / person small cabinets, shelves,
Requirements in determining the size of
sofa, coffee table,
(NBC)
rooms.
computers
20 m
2
*office works,
entertain guests
*Administrator *max. of 5
, guests
users
*office table, office chairs,
*12.0 m3 / person sofa, side tables, coffee
tables, office cabinets,
(NBC)
computer
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the size of
rooms.
20 m
2
a room inside the main office for
the department head where he *office works,
does his work and receives
entertain guests
guests.
*Head Officer, *max. of 5
guests
users
*office table, office chairs,
*12.0 m3 / person sofa, side tables, coffee
tables, office cabinets,
(NBC)
computer
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
Requirements in determining the size of
rooms.
20 m
2
*Researchers,
head officer, *5 users
guests
*office tables, office chairs,
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*12.0 m / person small cabinets, shelves,
Requirements in determining the size of
sofa, coffee table,
(NBC)
rooms.
computers
area for the office's staff where
they do their works.
3
PRIVATE SPACES
a room where the administrator
ADMINISTRATOR OFFICE (Park
does his works; also, here he
& Museum Administration)
receives his guests.
HEAD OFFICE
RESEARCHER'S
AREA (Entertainment/ area for the researchers' staff
Cultural Research
where they do their works.
Department)
*office works,
research, entertain
guests
PANTRY/ LOUNGE
a room for the employees during
*rest, eat, chat, keep *Head Officer
breaks and before & after they
*10 users
things
& staff
start working
TOILET
where the users may do their
hygienic activities
*hygienic activities
*Staff, Dept.
head
*1 unit per
department
3
*dining table for 8, chairs,
*0.5 m2/ person
lockers, kitchen cabinets,
(TSS)
kitchen sink
*1.08m2 per
Cubicle
*water closets, lavatories
20 m2
Size of place setting- Time Saver
Standards for Building Types (2nd
edition)
5 m2
Sanitation Code of the Philippines
1.08 m
2