CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Function
☢Carry oxygen (O2) & nutrients to body tissues
☢Collect & transport carbon dioxide (CO2)
& waste materials from tissues to
organs of excretion:
•
•
•
•
Skin
Lungs
Liver
Kidneys
♥ Divided into 2 systems:
☢Lymphatic – previously discussed
☢Blood-vascular
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Blood-vascular system performs main tasks
of circulation & consists of the following:
☢Heart – muscular pump that forces blood to
circulate
☢Arteries – vessels that carry blood away from
heart
☢Veins – vessels that carry blood to heart
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CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ 2 sub-systems:
☢Pulmonary circulation – blood is circulated from
heart to lungs
to exchange
CO2 for O2
(oxygenation)
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
☢Systemic circulation – blood is
circulated out to all other
organs & structures with
oxygenated blood &
returning with deoxygenated
blood
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Anatomy of blood vessels
☢ Made up of 3 layers
• Tunica Intima
– Inner-most layer
– Lines vessel lumen
– Contains endothelial & elastic tissue
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CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
• Tunica Media
– Middle layer
– Contains elastic tissue & circular smooth muscle
– Thickest layer of
large arteries
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
• Tunica Adventitia
– Outer-most layer
– Contains connective tissue, nerves, lymph & tiny
blood vessels (vaso vasorum – vessels of vessels)
– Thickest layer of
the large veins
♥ Most veins contain
one-way valves
☢Prevent backflow
☢Encourage return of
blood to the heart
☢When valves fail,
varicose veins develop
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Capillaries
☢Found between arteries & veins
☢Permits gaseous exchange
• O2 leaves blood & enters tissue
• CO2 leaves tissue & enters blood
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CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Heart
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Heart
☢3 layers
• Endocardium – lines chambers of heart
• Myocardium – myo = muscle
• Pericardial sac – 2 layer covering of heart
– Visceral pericardium – closest to heart
– Parietal pericardium – outer-most layer
– Between these 2 layers is the
pericardial cavity which
contain a small amount of
serous pericardial fluid.
» Lubricant
» Shock-absorber
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Heart
☢Valves
• Tricuspid valve – between rt. atrium & ventricle
• Pulmonic semilunar
valve – between rt.
ventricle & lungs
• Bicuspid (mitral) valve –
between lt. atrium &
ventricle
• Aortic valve – between
lt. ventricle & aorta
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CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Heart
☢Blood supply
• Arterial – branches off
aorta as it exits the heart
– Right coronary artery
– Left coronary artery
• Venous – flows into rt.
atrium on posterior aspect
from the coronary sinus
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Heart
☢Cardiac nerves
• Sinoatrial (S-A) node – pacemaker
• Atrioventricular (A-V) node
– Bundle of His
» Rt. bundle
branch
» Lt. bundle
branch
CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
♥ Cardiac cycle
☢Diastole – resting
☢Systole - contraction
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Arterial Anatomy
♥ Aortic arch
☢Bulb – origin of the coronary arteries
☢Ascending aorta
☢Arch – origin of:
• Innominate (brachiocephalic)
– Rt. subclavian
» Axillary
» Brachial
– Rt. common carotid
» Internal carotid
» External carotid
• Lt. common carotid
• Lt. subclavian
Arterial Anatomy
♥ Aortic arch
☢Descending aorta
• Thoracic aorta
• Abdominal aorta
– Common iliac arteries
» Internal iliac art.
» External iliac art.
- Femoral art.
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