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Can Anyone Stomach
This Orange-Toothed
Giant Rodent?
By Sarah Baird on January 14, 2015
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The nutria — an orange-toothed, beaver-sized animal
gobbling up Louisiana’s wetlands — could make even the
staunchest groundhog fan or Capybara enthusiast rethink
their position on rodents.
A semi-aquatic animal native to South America, nutria (also known as the “coypu” or “river rat”) found their
way into Louisiana marshes beginning in the 1930s after escaping from fur farms set up to turn their glossy
brown pelts into hats and muffs. By the late 1970s, the fur farms were all but shuttered, but nutria remained
in the wild.
While some people are turned off by the critter’s hairless tail, it’s the teeth that get me. Nutria teeth —
hooked, stubby Tang-colored fangs — are a shade of orange that is unnaturally bright for tooth enamel.
Nutria’s gnarly teeth function as habitat-destroying machines, eating the majority of marsh plants (they
don’t discriminate) at both root and stem. When nutria gnaw through the wetland’s vegetative root system
(or “mat”) that holds the delicate ecosystem in place, they create permanent flooded ponds known as “eat
outs” and wreck the habitat for any additional wildlife-in-residence.
Nutria’s reproduction rate — one nutria can birth three liters a year with up to 13 pups per litter — is
downright unnerving, and has proven to be a case study of how quickly and devastatingly an invasive species
can develop. Twenty nutria were introduced to Louisiana in 1938. Two decades later, the number exceeded
20 million, with the species settling into its new role as a “most wanted” invasive marshland species.
One nutria can birth
three liters a year with
up to 13 pups per
liters.
In an effort to control the population, the first bounty on nutria
was introduced (sans funding) in 1958, making a minor dent in
the always-hungry rodent’s ranks. Almost 50 years — and tens of
thousands of damaged bayou acres — later, a more
comprehensive approach developed. The Louisiana Coastwide
Nutria Control Program was announced in 2002, offering a $5per-tail bounty on nutria for hunters and trappers along the
Louisiana shoreline with the goal of harvesting 400,000 nutria
annually.
The program has proven to be a success. Roughly 304,000 tails are collected on average each season, and a
wide variety of events — from nutria rodeos to sheriff-directed nutria sewer-hunting — have lessened the
rodent’s damage to Louisiana’s delicate coastline.
The tail-based hunting system has also created a new market for what to do with the remaining nutria
carcasses, which are all-too-often simply chucked back into the bayou. The most obvious answer for many?
Eat it.
Chef Phillippe Parola has made a career out of encouraging the consumption of invasive species, including
nutria, which is low in cholesterol and can be prepared in a similar manner to turkey.
“The best and quickest way is to take the hind saddle, bone-in, and put a honey mustard dressing on it with
brown sugar, then put it on a barbecue pit,” says Parola. “Anyone who knows how to barbecue will know how
to cook it, just like pork. I guarantee you that everyone will love to eat it.”
The chef is supportive of efforts to cook and serve nutria’s lean, protein-packed meat, but has firmly
positioned it on his personal backburner. The latest invasive species du jour for Parola? The omnipresent
(perhaps more palatable) Asian Carp.
While convincing diners to sop up nutria gravy with
their cornbread will probably always present some
hurdles, less gourmand uses for these bucktoothed
rodents are popping up across the swamps. Located on
the edges of the bayou in Thibodaux, the BaratariaTerrebonne National Estuary Program (BTNEP) has
committed itself to nurturing small businesses that are
finding ways to finagle the destructive rodent — both
meat and fur — into functional, everyday products.
The most celebrated and successful of these is
Marshdog, a line of dog treats crafted with Louisiana
nutria meat (sourced from the rapidly disappearing
estuary) by a brother-sister team out of Baton Rouge.
The tail-based
hunting system has
also created a new
market for what to do
with the remaining
nutria carcasses. The
most obvious answer
for many? Eat it.
“We didn’t set out to get in the dog food business,” says Veni Harlan of Marshdog, who personally prefers to
eat her nutria in sausage with pork. “We came at it by saying, ‘This is something that everyone can do to help
save the wetlands by using an eco-sustainable protein source.’”
The ingredients in the company’s (gluten-free) Barataria Bites reads like a “what’s what” of pup-friendly,
locally sourced Louisiana fixings: cane syrup, sweet potato, pepper and — of course — nutria.
“One of the biggest obstacles with nutria is that people think it’s a rat, but it’s not,” says Harlan. “Nutria is a
rodent, like a squirrel is a rodent. I think it’s largely because it has a mostly hairless tail. It’s a very
misunderstood animal in a very misunderstood environment — the wetlands.”
Nutria has even gained fashionable notoriety at the hands of artist Cree McCree and her nutria-based
clothing line Righteous Fur, another BTNEP grantee. “I came up with a whole jewelry line out of the nutria
teeth, and outfits out of the nutria fur,” said McCree. “People were just throwing these nutria back in the
swamps after they cut off the tails, depleting the oxygen in the water.”
Righteous Fur’s annual ‘Nutria-palooza’ event in New Orleans brings together fashion designers to create
outfits out of the Louisiana-harvested pelts, from nutria-lined mini-skirts to Mad Men-inspired shawls.
The rodents are now well-poised to become an eco-conscious fashion trend. Christian Louboutin created a
pair of (non-Louisiana) nutria-fur pumps several seasons ago, and Billy Reid models walked the 2012 New
York Fashion Week runways in Louisiana-harvested Righteous Fur.
McCree is optimistic about nutria fur becoming a sweet spot for helping to save the coast in a stylish manner:
“We like to say, ‘Save our wetlands, wear more nutria.’”
Recipe
Nutria Spaghe!i Casserole
Chef Philippe Parola
Serves 8 to 10
Ingredients
1 cup celery, chopped
1 stick butter or margarine
1 clove garlic
1 (16 oz.) can tomatoes
3 med. onions, minced
1 (16 oz.) pkg. thin spaghetti
2 bell peppers, minced
½ cup cheddar cheese, grated
1½ lb. nutria
1 jalapeno pepper, diced
1 teaspoon salt, pepper, garlic powder
To Assemble:
Precook nutria in enough water to make 2 quarts of stock. Sauté vegetables in butter. Add 1
quart stock and tomatoes and simmer for 1 hour. Chop meat into small pieces. Mix with sauce
and put in casserole. Put cooked, drained spaghetti (cooked in remaining nutria stock) into
sauce and nutria. Mix well. Add salt, pepper, garlic powder, seasoning to taste. Bake 40
minutes at 350 degrees. Sprinkle with grated cheese and jalapeno peppers. Bake for about 20
minutes more. Freezes well.
FOOD PLANTS AND ANIMALS
LOUISIANA NUTRIA RIVER RAT
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