Lezione 9A -­‐ Si impersonal and passivante In Italian, impersonal sentences have an unspecified subject and are used to refer to people in general. In English, this idea is frequently expressed with one, people, you, and they. •
In Italian, use the pronoun si with the third-­‐person singular form of the verb to express an impersonal meaning. Note that a number of English translations are possible. • Si va spesso in quel paese in estate. People often go to that town in summer. One often goes to that town in summer. They/You often go to that town in summer. • Senza piscina non si nuota tanto. Without a pool, people don’t swim much. Without a pool, one doesn’t swim much. Without a pool, they/you don’t swim much. •
The impersonal construction is commonly used to request or give information, instructions, and permission. Come si scrive «striscia»? How do you spell “striscia”? Come si dice «pedone» in inglese? How do you say “pedone” in English? —Come si fa a scendere le scale? —Si deve girare a destra. —How can one go downstairs? —One must turn right. Si potrà entrare nel centro commerciale a mezzogiorno. People will be able to enter the mall at noon. •
When a reflexive verb is used impersonally, use the pronoun combination ci si to avoid repeating the pronoun si. Ci si divertiva in quel locale notturno. People used to have fun in that nightclub. Qui non ci si perderebbe mai. Here one would never get lost. •
In spoken Italian, the si construction is sometimes used to mean noi. Dove si va domani? Where are we going tomorrow? Stasera non si esce? Aren’t we going out tonight? •
When the verb used in an impersonal si construction has an expressed subject, it is called the si passivante and is equivalent to the passive voice. Compare the following: • Compro le riviste al chiosco. I buy the magazines at the kiosk. • Le riviste si comprano al chiosco. The magazines are bought at the kiosk. •
English translations of the passive si construction can also resemble the impersonal si. Si costruiranno presto i ponti. They will construct the bridges soon. (The bridges will be constructed soon.) Si vede ancora quella statua? Can one still see that statue? (Can that statue still be seen?) •
If the si passivante is followed by a plural subject, use the third-­‐person plural form of the verb. Use the third-­‐person singular form with singular subjects. -­‐-­‐Là si vendono delle belle scarpe. Some nice shoes are sold there. (They sell some nice shoes there.) -­‐-­‐A Firenze si vedranno molti turisti. Many turists will be seen in Florence. (You will see many tourists in Florence.) -­‐-­‐Si restaurava la chiesa più piccola. The smallest church was being restored. (They were restoring the smallest church.) -­‐-­‐ Si mangia il gelato ogni giorno in estate. Ice cream is eaten every day in the summer. (People eat ice cream every day in the summer.) In Italy, si constructions are often seen on signs, posted notices, and advertisements. Note that in such uses si is often attached to the verb to save space: Vendesi Affittasi Provalo! Scegli l’opzione corretta per completare le seguenti frasi usando il si impersonale e il si passivante. 1. Non (si rivela / si rivelano) mai i segreti degli altri! 2. In questo negozio (si parla / si parlano) italiano. 3. (Si legge / Si leggono) le istruzioni prima di iniziare il progetto. 4. A teatro non (si risponde / si rispondono) al cellulare. 5. In vacanza (ci si alza / si alza) dopo le dieci. 6. La sera (si deve accendere / si devono accendere) le luci. 7. Il fine settimana (ci si rilassa / gli si rilassano) senza lezioni. 8. Dopo molte ore al computer (si legge / si leggono) con più fatica.