Section B
NUMBERS AND DATES
ITALIAN NUMBERING
Italian numbers are usually recorded with the same Arabic numerals you are
accustomed to in English, but the names they call those numbers are different. In
addition, there are occasions when records will include Roman numerals.
The purpose of this reference section is to provide you with the basics of Italian
number and time statements.
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Cardinal numbers are used for simple counting and statements of "how many."
uno
due
tre
quattro
cinque
sei
sette
otto
nove
dieci
undici
dsdici
tredici
quattordici
quindici
sedici
diciasette
diciotto
diciannove
venti
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
The rule for combining venti (twenty), trenta (thirty), quaranta (forty), and so on
with UPZO, due, he, etc.:
Drop the last letter of the first word before adding unto and otto.
Add due, trey quattro, cinque, sei, sette, and nove without changing the first
word.
Examples:
ventuno
ventidue
ventitre
ventiquattro
venticinque
ventisei
ventisette
ventotto
ventinove
twenty
twenty
twenty
twenty
twenty
twenty
twenty
twenty
twenty
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
Comting by tens:
dieci
venti
trenta
quaranta
cinquanta
sessanta
settanta
ottanta
novanta
ten
twenty
thirty
few
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninty
Counting by hundreds:
cento
centi
duecenti
trecenti
quattrocenti
cinquecenti
seicenti
settecenti
ottocenti
novecenti
mille, mil
hundred
hundreds
two hundred
three hundred
four hundred
five hundred
six hundred
seven hundred
eight hundred
nine hundred
one thousand
ORDINAL NUMBERS
Ordinal numbers are used to indicate a position in a sequence (first, second, etc.).
Ordinal numbers are frequently preceded by the .article il as h il quarto. (An
article is a word like a or the.) When the first letter of a number begins with a
vowel, as do uno, ottavo, and otto, the il will be changed to 1': l'unto, l'ottavo,
l'otto.
when referring to dates: Italian ordinal numbers are usually the same as the
cardinal numbers when they refer to the day of the month, but you will more
often see il primo than l'uno as in il primo gennaio (first day of January).
Regular use
In dates
primo
secondo
terzo
quarto
quinto
sesto
settimo
ottavo
nono
decimo
uno
due
tre
quattro
cinque
sei
sette
otto
nove
dieci
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
nineth
tenth
Regular use
In dates
undicesimo
dodicesimo
tredicesimo
quattordicesimo
quindicesimo
sedicesimo
diciassettesimo
diciottesimo
diciannovesimo
ventesimo
uncici
dodici
tredici
quattordici
quincici
sedici
diciassette
diciotto
diciannove
venti
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
In numbers above 19, add esimo to the cardinal number:
Regular use
In dates
decimo
ventesimo
ventunesimo
ventiduesimo
ventitr2esimo
ventiquathesimo
venticinquesimo
ventiseiesimo
ventisettesimo
ventiottesimo
ventinovesimo
trentesimo
dieci
venti
ventuno
ventidue
ventitre
ventiquattro
venticinque
ventisei
ventisette
ventotto
ventinove
trenta
tenth
twentieth
twenty first
twenty second
twenty third
twenty fourth
twenty fifth
twenty sixth
twenty seventh
twenty eighth
twenty ninth
thirtieth
quarantesimo
cinquantesimo
sessantesimo
settantesimo
ottantesimo
novantesimo
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
centesimo
duecentesimo
trecentesimo
quattrocentesimo
cinquecentestimo
seicentesimo
settecentesimo
ottocentessimo
novecentessimo
millesimo
hundredth
two hundredth
three hundredth
four hundredth
five hundredth
six hundredth
seven hundredth
eight hundredth
nine hundredth
thousandth
'
CLOCK TIME
Clock time often appears next to the date. Sometimes you will see Italian numbers
followed by anti. for "a.m." or pom. for "p.m."; however, because Italy began using
the 24-hour clock in 1803, you will more often see clock times written as ore cique
or ore 5 for 5:00 a.m. and ore le diciassette or ore 17 for 5:00 p.m.
It is important to be able to recognize clock times so that you don't extract them as
dates.
thirteen o'clock
fourteen o'clock
la una
one o'clock
le tredici
fifteen oLclock
le due
two o'clock
le quattordici
sixteen o'clock
le tre
three o'clock
le quindici
seventeen o'clock
le quattro
four o'clock
le sedici
eighteen o'clock
le cinque
five o'clock
b diciassette
nineteen o'clock
le sei
six o'clock
le diciotto
twenty o'clock
le sette
seven o'clock
le diciannove
twenty-one o'clock
le otto
eight o'clock
le venti
twenty-two o'clock
le nove
nine o'clock
le ventuno
twenty-three o'clock
le dieci
ten o'clock
le ventidue
twenty-four o'clock
le undici
eleven o'clock
le docici
twelve o'clock
NAMES OF MONTHS
gennan'o
febbraio
mam
apra'le
maggio
guigno
luglio
agosto
settem bre
ottobre
novembre
decembre
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
DAYS OF THE WEEK
la domenica
il lunedi
il martedi
il mercobdi
il gwvedi
il venerdi
il sabbato
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
VOCABULARY
Terms relating to order:
a1 principio [di i a r z o ]
il secondo [di Marzo]
il terzo [di Marzo]
l'ultimo [di i a r z o ]
the
the
the
the
first [of March]
second [of March]
third [of March]
last day [of March]
General vocabulary relating to dates
addi'
anno
anni
data
di
gid
giorno
ieri
mese
nascere
oggi
ora
stesso
scorso
tempo
ultimo (a)
on the day
Year
years
date
day
already, formerly, once, previous
day
yesterday
month
to be born
today
hour
same
last
time
last
Time and date phrases:
alla data odierna
all'ora di
anno corrente
anno presente
anno della nascita di
anno presente
anno prossimo
anti.
antimeridiano (a)
del anno referito
dell'anrzo
del mese di
dopo domani
dopo pranzo
detto giorno e mese
fine del mese
e minuti
giorno dalla celebrazione del
rnatrimonio
il capo d'anno
il primo d'anno
il giorno dopo
on today's date
at the time of
current year
present year
year of birth of
present month
next month
a.m.
before noon
of the year referred to
of the year
of the month of
day after tomorrow
af temoon
said day and month
end of the month
and minutes (time of birth)
date of the celebration of
marriage (marriage celebration)
New Year's Day
New Year's Day
the day after
Time and date phrases:
il medesimo anno
il medesimo giorno
il medesimo mese
meridian0 (a)
mese corrente
mese presente
mese prossimo
mese prossimo passato
mese scorso
mezzanotte
mezzogiorno
naque il giorno
natale
natalizio
nato a mezzanotte
nato a mezzodi
nato a notte
nato a sera
nato il
nato oggi
nel citato anno
nel citato giorno
nel citato mese
nel ospresso giorno
nel ospresso mese
nello stesso anno
nello stesso giorno
nello stesso mese
per l'anno
piu' tarde
pom.
pomeridiano (a)
pomeriggio
stammaitina
stasera
ultimo giorno del mese
the same year
the same day
the same month
noon
current month
present month
next month
just last month
last month
midnight
midday, noontime
was born the day of
birthday, Christmas
birthday (an adjective)
born at midnight
born at noon
born at night
born at night
born the (date)
born today
on the cited year
on the cited day
on the cited month
on the expressed day
on the expressed month
on the same year
on the same day
on the same month
for the year
later
p.m.
afternoon (p.m.)
afternoon
this morning
this evening
last day of the month Typical date phrase
Typical date phrase
L'anno
rnilleottocentosessantatre,
il di
di
alle ore
The year
1863
the day
of (of the month)
at the hour
ROMAN NUMERALS
In many of the older records Roman numerals are used to indicate the day and year.
The following examples are given as a review of the mechanics of Roman numerals.
1
2
3
4
5
= I
=11
= nI
= 1111 or
=v
IV
= VI
= VII
41
42
43
44
45
XLI
XLII
XLIII
XLIV
= XLV
= XLVI
= XLVII
6
7
8
9
10
= VIIII or IX
= X
46
47
48
49
50
11
12
13
14
15
=XI
= XI1
=XIII
= XIIII or XrV
= XV
51
52
53
54
55
16
17
18
19
20
=
=
=
=
=
= VIII
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XVIIII or XIX
XX
21 = X X I
22 = XXII
23 = XXIII
24 = XXIII or X X V
25=XXV '
26
27
28
29
30
= XXVI
= XXVII
=
=
=
=
= XLVIII
= XLVIX
=L
= LI
91
92
93
94
95
= LII
= LIII
= LIV
= LV
56
57
58
59
60
= LVI
61
62
63
64
65
= LXI
= LXII
= LVII
= LVIII
= LVIX
= LX
= LXIII
= LXIV
= LXV
96
97
98
99
100
200
300
400
500
= XCI
= XCII
= XCIII
= XCIV
=
xcv
= XCVI
= XCVII
= XCVIII
= XCVIX
= C
= CC
= CCC
= CD
=D
= LXVI
= XXVIII
= XXVIIII or XXIX
= XXX
66
67
68
69
70
31
32
33
34
35
=XXXl
= XXXII
= XXMII
= XXXIV
= XXXV
71
72
73
74
75
=
=
=
=
=
LXXI
LXXII
LxXIII
LXXIV
LXXV
1100 =
1200 =
1300 =
1400 =
1500 =
MC
MCC
MCCC
MCD
MD
36
37
38
39
40
= XXXVI
= XXXVII
76
77
78
79
80
=
=
=
=
=
LXXVI
LXXVII
LXXVIII
LXXVIX
LXXX
1600
1700
1800
1900
1857
MDC
MDCC
MDCCC
MCM
MDCCCLVII
= XXXVIII
= XXXIX
= XXXX or XL
= LXVII
= LXVIII
= LXX
= LXX
20
600
700
800
900
1000
DC
DCC
DCCC
DCM
=M
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
VARIATIONS IN DATES
In some records you may find part or all of the date missing. Scribes would
occasionally substitute a written statement instead of writing a date. For example, a
statement net stesso giorno e mese (on the same day and month) lets you know that
this entry was made the same day and month as the previous entry.
Common Variations to Entry Dates
anno corrente
anno presente
del anno referido
detto giorno e mese
fine del mese
il capo d'anno
it primo d'anno
il medesimo anno
il medesimo giorno
il medesimo mese
mese corente
mese presente
mese prosimo
mese prossirno passato
mese scorso
net citado anno
nel citado giorno
nel citado mese
nel espresado anno
net espresado giorno
net espresado mese
nel stesso anno
nel stesso giosno
nel stesso mese
ultimo giorno del mese
current year
present year
of the year referred to
said day and month
end of the month
New Year's Day
New Year's Day
the same year
the same day
the same month
current month
present month
next month
just last month
last month
on the cited year
on the cited day
on the cited month
on the expressed year
on the expressed day
on the expressed month
on the same year
on the same day
on the same month
last day of the month
FEAST DATES
The Catholic Church established certain days to celebrate Christian events. Some of
the dates are "fixed," occuring on the same date each year; others are "movable,"
chan,.ing each year. In addition, each day of the year is assigned one or more
saints; a record may therefore refer to a saint's day and a year but not include the
month.
FIXED FEAST DATES
Latin
Italian
English
Circumcisio
Domeni
Circoncisione dell
Signore
Circumcision of the Lord
1 Jan
Epiphanias
Epifania
Epiphany
6 Jan
Ephiphany
6 Jan
2 Feb
Trium Regnum
Date
Purificato B. V.
Marie
Purificazione di
Maria
Purification of the Virgin Mary
Ecarias
Festa dell'
E ucaristia
Eucharist
20 Feb
Annunciato
Dominica
Giorno dell'
Annunziata
Annunciation or Lady Day
25 Mar
Assumptio B.
Mariae
Giorno dell'
Assunzione
Assumption of Mary
15 Aug
Nativitas B. V .
laaariae
Nativita di Maria
Birth of the Vir,oin Mary
8 Sep
Sct. Michailis
Archangelus
Giorno di San
Michele
St. Michael the Archangel
29 Sep
Festum Ornnium
Sanctorum
Giorno dell'
Ognissanti
All Saints
I1 Natale
Christmas Day
25 Dec
Festa di San
Stefano Martire
St. Stphens Martyr
26 Dec
Nativitas Domini
Stephan us
Protomartyr
'
1 Nov
-