AP ART HISTORY Mrs. Dill, La Jolla High School CHAPTER 18: GOTHIC EUROPE List three of the features of the new choir at St. Denis as described by Abbot Suger that are characteristic of the new Gothic style. a. b. c. List the three structural and/or design features that characterize a Gothic vault. a. b. c. What are the advantages of the pointed arch over the round arch? Define or identify the following terms: Abbot Suger Saint Thomas Aquinas Scholasticism Vincent of Beauvais The new spirit of the Gothic period that replaced the severity of Romanesque themes of judgment and damnation could be symbolized by the dedication of cathedrals to _______________________. Her iconography can be seen in the Royal Portals of Chartres Cathedral, the earliest and most complete surviving Early Gothic sculptural complex. The following scenes are represented on the tympana: Right: Left: Central: In what ways do these jamb figures differ significantly from Romanesque figures? a. b. c. List three Romanesque features retained in Laon Cathedral. a. b. c. List three new Gothic features found in the cathedral. a. b. c. Describe or draw the new bay structure of Chartres that was to become the norm for High Gothic buildings: What spatial effect did this create? How do the figures of St. Martin, St. Jerome, and St. Gregory from the Porch of the Confessors (FIG. 18-­‐17) and the jamb figures from the Royal Portals of Chartres Cathedral (FIG. 18-­‐7) illustrate the development of Gothic sculpture? What are the similarities in the facades of Chartres (FIG. 18-­‐5) and Amiens (FIG. 18-­‐21)? What are the differences? What major change do you see in the façade of Reims (FIG. 18-­‐23). Describe the pose of the Virgin of Paris (FIG. 18-­‐26) that was typical of much later Gothic sculpture. From what did the Late Gothic Flamboyant style derive its name? Give an example of the style: Define the following crenellations keep ramparts How do the guild hall shown on FIG. 18-­‐29 and the house of Jacques Coeur shown on FIG. 18-­‐30 reflect the new economic conditions of Northern Europe in the Late Gothic period? Who was Villard de Honnecourt and what did he use as the basis for drawing many of his figures? What features of the graceful image of the Virgin seen in FIG. 18-­‐37 link her to the French court? What is the meaning of the scene portrayed on the ivory casket shown in FIG. 18-­‐38 and how does it relate to the concerns of the leisure class? List five features of Salisbury Cathedral that distinguish it from French Gothic: a. b. c. d. e. The last English Gothic style, seen at Gloucester, is called _____________________________. It is characterized by the following features: a. b. Define or identify the following terms: fan vaulting ogee arch Mappamundi The German cathedral of ________________________ was finished in the nineteenth century when the original thirteenth century plan was discovered. In what way was its Gothic construction significant for its survival of the severe bombings of World War II? The church of St. Elizabeth at Marburg is an early example of a favorite German type of Gothic structure known as a ________________________. How does it differ from the standard basilican type of church and what is the reason for the difference? Who were Ekkehard and Uta and what is significant about their appearance in a cathedral? What is a Pieta? What mood is created by the 14th century example shown in FIG. 18-­‐51? DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: Pick One Select a typical Early Gothic and a High Gothic cathedral and explain the factors that differentiate one from the other. Discuss the development of Medieval architectural sculpture considering the relation to its structural setting, and the poses of figures. Select from: St. Sernin at Toulouse (FIG. 17-­‐4), St. Pierre at Moissac (17-­‐1 and 17-­‐11), the Royal Portal (FIG. 18-­‐7) and Porch of the Confessors (FIG. 18-­‐17) from Chartre, the Bien Dieu from Amiens (18-­‐22), Saint Theodore from Chartres (18-­‐18). And the Visitation figures from Reims Cathedral (18-­‐24) What similarity do you see between the S curve of The Virgin of Paris (FIG. 18-­‐26 and that used by the Greek artist Praxiteles for the Hermes (FIG. 5 63)? In what ways are the two figures different? Compare the figures of Ekkehard and Uta from Naumburg (FIG. 18-­‐49) with the figures from Amiens (FIG. 18-­‐20) and Reims (FIG. 18-­‐22). How are the German figures related to the French prototypes? How do they differ? Discuss patronage in the medieval period, including the roles played by clerics, guilds, merchants and royal patrons, noting specific examples of each.