Aerospace Skills Workshop:
Analysis to Date
Rudolph Louw: Director NACoE
30 October 2009
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Agenda
Sources / references consulted
Definitions / terminology
SA Aerospace Strategy
Review studies done to date
Summary conclusions / findings from these
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Analysis Done
Context - The views expressed hereafter are the
result of a thorough analysis, individually as well as
jointly of all resources consulted / reviewed
It does not state or imply criticism nor does it attempt to
discredit any of the excellent research done
The studies done previously are all invaluable and
contribute significantly to establishing a robust, focused
and effective aerospace skills research programme
Statements / comments made are done without prejudice,
aimed at obtaining best possible results going forward
I have liberally quoted from all sources without careful
reference – we are all SA after all…
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Sources / references consulted
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
References 1 / 5
More than 26 local and numerous foreign studies
were consulted, some of these include:
Sectoral Analysis of the Aerospace Industry in South
Africa: March 2008 – HSRC DoL commissioned
National Scarce Skills List DoL 2008
TETA Sectoral Skills Plan 2005 / 2009, 2009/10 Update
Sectors & Skills, The Need for Policy Alignment [Ch 1, 3
16] published 2009 – HSRC DoL commissioned
Skills Shortages in South Africa; Case Studies of Key
Professions - HSRC 2009
THE MANAGEMENT PROFESSION AND SKILLS IN SOUTH
AFRICA : Scarce and critical skills Research Project - DoL
March 2008
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
References 2 / 5
ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALS: CRUCIAL KEY TO
DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH IN SOUTH AFRICA: DoL – March
2008
Benchmarking of Technology Trends and Technology
Developments April 2004 – the dti
A National Advanced Manufacturing Technology Strategy for
South Africa (AMTS)
National Skills Conference – Oct 2007, SA-German
Development Cooperation
Debating High Skills and Joined-Up Policy – HSRC 1999
A Study on The Required Physical Infrastructure to attain the
Vision of the NSI – NACI 2006
Call for Proposals: Preliminary Defence Industry Study - AISI
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
References 3 / 5
TETA – Aerospace Chamber
Report on the status of Human Resource Capacity in the
Civil Aviation Industry in South Africa – September
2008, CAA
Isett Seta:
Scarce & critical skills 2009 – 2010
Identification of Scarce & Critical Skills in the South African
Aviation Industry – RFQ issued
TETA FUNDING MODEL 2009 Approved Policy
WSP Support Document for Isett Seta SDF’s – May 2007
SSP Sector Skills Plan
Understanding ‘scarce skills’ in the Public Service with reference
the Education and Health sectors: PSCBC Conference Feb 2005
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
References 4 / 5
Skills Shortages in South Africa: Key Issues – Nov 2007 DPRU,
UCT
NACoE HCD Three year plan 2009 – 2012/13
NACoE Skills Study Progress Report 3 September 2009
ATASA Aerospace Training brochure
A GUIDE FOR IDENTIFYING AND ADDRESSING SCARCE AND
CRITICAL SKILLS IN THE MINING AND MINERALS SECTOR
2008 – 2010; MQA March 2008
Guide to Scarce and Critical Skills in Fasset Sector – March
2006
AMD Vision, Mission and Profile
Notes from an RSA Aerospace Research Group Workshop held
7 November 2008, CSIR Building 11 – DPSS, CSIR
Technical Aviation Workshop 18 April 2008 – CAV
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
References 5 / 5
US:
UK publications:
US Aerospace Industries Association : Launching the 21st
Century American Aerospace Workforce - Dec 2008
Building and Retaining the Aerospace Workforce – Inside
Aerospace, May 2009
2009–2013 Strategic Plan: American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics (AIAA)
SEMTA Sector Skills Agreement – January 2006 SBAC
SBAC Aerospace Industry Survey 2008
House of Commons Trade and Industry Committee: The UK
Aerospace Industry 15th Report 2005
Canada:
AIAC 2009 Guide to Canada’s Aerospace Industry
Canadian Aerospace Industry Performance 2008
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Definitions / terminology
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Definitions
Scarce & critical skills
OFO – Organisational Framework for Occupations
Defining SA Aerospace (Sector)
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Skills Definitions
SCARCE SKILLS
CRITICAL SKILLS
Scarce skill refers to skill deficiency at an occupational
level where there are insufficient skilled people to meet
labour market demands
Critical skill refers to particular capabilities needed
within an occupation, for example, general management
skills, communication and customer handling skills, teamwork skills, communication technology skills
TETA SSP
‘Critical skills’, refers to specific key or generic and
additional skills within an occupation.
See later OFO for detail
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Definitions : Absolute & Relative Scarcity
Absolute scarcity refers to suitably skilled people
who are not available in the labour market.
Specific contexts in which absolute scarcities may
arise include:
A new or emerging occupation, i.e. there are few, if any,
people in the country with the requisite skills.
Firms, sectors and even the national economy are unable
to implement planned growth strategies because
productivity, service delivery and quality problems are
directly attributable to a lack of skilled people
Replacement demand would reflect an absolute scarcity
where there are no people enrolled or engaged in the
process of acquiring skills that need to be replaced (DoL,
2006c)
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Definitions : Absolute & Relative Scarcity
Relative scarcity refers, for example, to the
context where suitably skilled people are in fact
available in the labour market but they do not
exhibit other employment criteria, for example:
High-level work experience, for example project
management of large construction sites such as dams or
power plants
Geographical location, for example, people are unwilling
to work outside of urban areas
Equity considerations, for example, there are few if any
candidates with the requisite skills from specific groups
available to meet the skills requirements of firms and
enterprises (DoL, 2006c)
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Using OFO to Develop Scarce & Critical Skills
Organising Framework for Occupations (OFO):
Essentially a skills based, coded classification system
which builds on the South African Standard
Classification of Occupations (SASCO) familiar to the
sector through its use by Stats-SA and the DoL’s
employment equity reporting format
The OFO represents a significant enhancement:
Captures all jobs in the form of occupations (similar to
SASCO)
Groups occupations into successively broader categories
and hierarchical levels based on Skill Level and Skill
Specialisation
Goods produced or services provided
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Using OFO to Develop Scarce & Critical Skills
For the purposes of the OFO and skills
development planning in South Africa:
An occupation is defined as a set of jobs that require
the performance of similar or identical sets of tasks
across a range of contexts
Skill level is determined by:
Level or amount of formal education and training
required for that occupation
Amount of previous experience in a related occupation
Amount of on-the-job training required to competently
perform the set of tasks required for that occupation
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Using OFO to Develop Scarce & Critical Skills
Skill specialisation is defined in terms of the:
Range and complexity of the tasks associated with that
occupation
Field of knowledge required
Tools or equipment used
Materials worked on or information worked with
Goods produced or services provided
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Using OFO to Develop Scarce & Critical Skills
The structure of the OFO is presented: below.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Using OFO to Develop Scarce & Critical Skills
OFO = Organising Framework for
Occupations
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Using OFO to Develop Scarce & Critical Skills
NSDS
NQF
OFO
8
A
D
V
A
N
C
E
D
I
N
T
E
R
M
E
D
1
1. MANAGERS
2. PROFESSIONALS
7
6
2
5
3
4
3
E
N
T
R
Y
Major Occupational Groups in OFO
5. CLERICAL
AND ADMINISTRATIVE
WORKERS
3.
TECHNICIANS
AND TRADES
WORKERS
6. SALES
WORKERS
4
2
5
1
4.
COMMUNITY
AND
PERSONAL
SERVICE
WORKERS
7.
MACHINERY
OPERATORS
AND
DRIVERS
8.
LABOURERS
AND
ELEMENTARY
WORKERS
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Using OFO to Develop Scarce & Critical Skills
Table 1: Example of a Completed Scarce & Critical Skill Template
SS
OCCUPATION
2
InterNQF
NQF
Need
Need
Need
Need
vention level Aligned Immed- 01/04/07 01/04/07 01/04/07
(Y/N)
iate
–
–
–
31/03/08 31/03/08 31/03/08
Comments
Education Professionals
25221
Technical Instructor
Written
communication
SP
5
Y
LS
5
Y
LS
5
Y
LS
4
Y
LS
4
Y
2 day SC
4
N
Technicians and Trades Workers
32
Automotive and Engineering Trades Workers
32111
General Fitter-
Diesel Fitter
32111
General Fitter-
Diesel Fitter
32114
Metal Machinist (First
Class)
CNC Machinist
32115
5
Critical Skill
Professionals
25
3
Specialisation/
job
General Fitter- Textile,
Clothing or Footwear
Mechanic
Clerical and Administrative Workers
53
Eastern Cape Only
This a new occupation
General Clerical Workers
53212
Data Entry Operator
Computer literacy
New software - Top up to achieve
efficiency
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL OFO Aero Occupations
Text
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL OFO Aero Occupations
Text
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL OFO Aero Occupations
Text
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL OFO Aero Occupations
Text
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL OFO Aero Occupations
Text
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL OFO Aero Occupations
Text
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL OFO Aero Occupations
Text
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL OFO Aero Occupations
Text
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Aerospace Sector SA – what is it?
“Google”
Defined in various studies
SA Aerospace Organisations
International practice benchmarking
Focused on ‘Aerospace’ and does not
define the constituency of the sector
Proposed concept “SA Aerospace Sector”
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
•17 Entries:
•Executive Aerospace
Aerospace Companies – South
Africa
•AMS
•Bond aerospace
•Aeroweld
•Kentron
•AAD2004
•Aeronexus
•Systematic
•HI-TECH Machine
Tools
•African Aviation Fotos
•RRS
•ANSYS
•Projects Concern
•Tech Edge
•VESTCAST
•SAVEK
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Aerospace Companies - UK
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Aerospace Companies - Australia
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Aerospace Companies - Canada
218 Entries: includes civil
and military, structured
breakdown into sections
89 Members
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
SA Aerospace Definitions: Internet
www.aerospace-technology.com/industry/south_africa.html
SA section of Aerospace-Technology.com lists
CITSA
CAA
NUMSA
CSIR
AMD
SABS
SA Iron and Steel Institute
SA Stainless Steel Development Association
Wikipedia lists Denel and Denel Aerospace
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
ASSEGAI and AMTS
The aerospace industry can be defined as follows:
The aerospace industry is that industry which covers the
research and development (R&D), design, manufacture,
support, maintenance, conversion and upgrade of:
Rotary and fixed wing aircraft
Satellites and satellite launch and tracking systems
Air traffic control systems
Unmanned aircraft
Weapons Systems as well as their relevant subsystems and
components.
(Adapted from Paul Hatty, 2000).
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Analysis March 2008
“Typically the term aerospace is used to refer to the
industry that researches, designs, manufactures,
operates, and maintains vehicles moving through air
and space. Aerospace is a very diverse sector, with a
multitude of commercial, industrial and military
applications.
In the South African context the sector involves activities
surrounding Defence, Civilian, Aeronautics and Space.”
“To be consistent with other aerospace-related research in
South Africa, this study adopts the definition of aerospace
industry as ……. (identical to ASSEGAI / AMTS)”.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
‘SA Aerospace’
No formally defined and recognised unified
“Aerospace Sector”:
TETA’s Aerospace Chamber
MERSETA does not mention aerospace at all
Incorporated to some extent into AMD insofar as military
aviation goes
AMTS – one of 7 identified industry sectors
Aerospace Network
Aerospace Industry Support Initiative AISI
National Aerospace Centre of Excellence NACoE
ESASTAP and AeroAfrica-EU for FP7 Transport incl
Aeronautics
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
‘SA Aerospace’
No formally defined and recognised unified
“Aerospace Sector”:
CAASA – Civil Aviation Association of South Africa
AASA – Airlines Association of Southern Africa
CAA - Civil Aviation Authority
SAPS Air Wing
ATNS – Air Traffic & Navigation Services
ACSA – Airports Company of South Africa
AMD – Aerospace, Maritime & Defence Industries
Association of SA
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Dept
Policy
Entity
DoL
&
DoE
DoT
SA Aerospace Stakeholders
DST
DTI
Initiatives;
Programs
AISI
TIA
IPAP
Aerospace
Industry
Support
Initiative
Industry
Policy Action
Plan
NACoE
AMI
Centurion
Aerospace
Village
National
Aerospace
Center of
Excellence
Advanced
Metals
Initiative
Customized
Sector
Programmes
Science
Councils
Universities
& Univ of
Technology
& FET’s
NFTN
IDC
LMDN
National
Foundry
Technology
Network
Industrial
Development
Corporation
Light
Metals
Development
Network
AMTS
SPF
Special
Projects
Facility
Defence
Research
And Dev.
Board
CoE
Advanced
Manufacturing
Technology
Strategy
DPE
DRDB
Technology
Innovation Agency
CAV
Metals
CSP CSP
DoD &
Police
Centres of
Excellence
AMD
TETA
CoC TCoC
CompCoC
Titanium
Centres of
Competence
Centre of
Competence
Composite
Centre of
Competence
CSDP
Comp Supplier
Dev Pgm
Mintek
Human Sciences Research Council
National Research Foundation
CSIR
MERSETA
DPSS MSM
BE
Aero
CAA
SAA
UCT
Wits
SUN
UP
CUT
KZN
CPUT NMMU
Denel:
•Group
•Saab
SAAF
•Dynamics
Research, Development, Manufacturing,
•Zeiss
Industry
Test & Evaluation, MRO, Airports,
SAPS
•Aviation
ATM, Flying Training Schools, Support Industry
National
Aerospace
Airwing
Centre of Excellence
ATNS
ACSA
SA Aerospace Strategy
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Studies done to date
&
Other information
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Studies Done to Date: Analysis
* AISI
* AMTS
* AMD
* Skills Shortages in SA…
* Sectors and Skills …
* the dti Benchmarking Technology
* CAA Report
* ASSEGAI
* DoL Sectoral Analysis …
* MERSETA
* THE MANAGEMENT PROFESSION…: Scarce and critical
skills Research Project - DoL March 2008
* ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALS…: DoL – March 2008
* TETA
Others countries:
* Other sectors
US AIAA
Canadian Aerospace
SBAC
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
AISI Aerospace Industry Support Initiative
The AISI is a programme funded by the dti with
objectives to:
enhance the global competitiveness of the South African
aerospace industry
provide an institutional platform to facilitate
partnerships and innovation between Government,
industry and academia
identify, develop, support and promote the interest and
capabilities of the aerospace industry to accelerate the
achievement of Government strategic objectives
including growth, employment and equity.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Advanced Manufacturing Technology
Strategy AMTS
2002, NACI identified the need for developing a
National AMTS for SA
Goals and objectives:
Vision of the technological profile of the industrial sector
in the year 2014
Identify priority sectors
Stimulate technological upgrading
Facilitate flow of technological resources to industry
Building an environment conducive to innovation,
particularly through the supply of skilled manpower,
technology infrastructure and funds
Aerospace Network established
Emphasis is on manufacture
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
AMTS
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
AMTS
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
AMD
AMD – Aerospace Maritime and Defence
Industries Association of SA
AMD Vision
To facilitate a flourishing Defence-Related
Industry in support of the SA Government
imperatives.
AMD Mission
AMD's mission is to promote, protect and support the
collective interests of it's members in particular and
the broader industry in general.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
AMD
AMD Profile
The Aerospace, Maritime and Defence Industries
Association of South Africa, AMD, is widely
acknowledged as South Africa’s Defence Related
Industries trade association and is mandated by its
members to promote and champion the collective
interests of the South African defence-related industry
(SADRI)
AMD represents SADRI, comprising of a cluster of
leading edge companies within the South African private
and public sector that are engaged in industrial and
trade processes of defence-related materiel, related
products and services.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Report : Skills Shortages
Skill Shortages in SA: Case Studies of Key
Professions, J Erasmus & M Breier, 2009
10 Areas addressed
“Aerospace” does not feature as a category, only part of
“engineers” and “technicians / artisans”
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Report : Skills Shortages 1/2
Summary
Massive shortage of artisans – due to loss of
apprenticeship system and lack of Learnerships & FET’s
to eliminate backlog
Loss of senior capacity, contributing to problem of
inability to accept more young entrants
Foreign recruitment of SA professionals
Dispute re existence, nature and extent of shortages led
to this report
SETA’s required to address scarce and critical skills in
their SSP – Sector Skills Plan which leads to a National
Scarce Skills list
Multiple (challenging) sources of data
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Report : Skills Shortages 2/2
Summary
Skills shortage exist alongside a large pool of unemployed
graduates
Framework for identifying and verifying skills shortages
OFO per DoL classification, available form TETA online has
extensive aerospace / aeronautical classifications
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
The dti: Benchmarking Technology
Benchmarking of Technology Trends and
Technology Developments – April 2004 by Bluepeter
Management & Consulting and Access Market International
(Pty) Ltd
10 Sectors addressed incl Aerospace
Sponsored by ITU of EIDD of the dti
Understanding and the dissemination of information
pertaining to technological developments globally is seen to
be key to ensuring the long term competitiveness of South
Africa’s industries in the global context.
to benchmark South African technology programmes with
those provided in other countries
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
The dti: Benchmarking Technology
Objective of study:
The main objective of the study is to identify global
technological trends, which will influence the
competitiveness and future development of SA
industries, with a specific focus on identifying areas for
innovation so as to reduce industrial dependency on
foreign technology, whilst ensuring that appropriate
programmes are offered to promote innovation and
technology
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
The dti: Benchmarking Technology
Main observations:
In terms of this study, six technologies were highlighted
as being critically important for the continuous
development and growth of the Aerospace sector. These
are:
Development of composite materials
Development of hyper aero-thermodynamics
Development of Sensor usage
Health and Usage Monitoring systems
Noise Abatement
Improved manufacturing processes
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
The dti: Benchmarking Technology
Main observations:
Brief mention made of commercial aviation
Proceed to deal exclusively with military- / defence
related “aerospace”
Significant space allocated dealing with weapons,
offensive / defensive sensors, command & control, etc
Does address “Regulatory” and “Customer” on one page
Does not address HCD matters.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
CAA Report
Report on the status of Human Resource Capacity
in the Civil Aviation Industry in South Africa by
Capt Colin Jordaan, CEO: SACAA, Sep 2008
Addresses:
Pilots
Aircraft Maintenance Engineers
Air Traffic Controllers
Airport Planners
Pilot and cabin crew training falls outside the NACoE
study and will not be dealt with
Good statistics
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
CAA Report
Ageing normal distribution, too few young
people trained
SA AME license issuing seems to be
declining
SAAT seems to have sufficient capacity but
is underutilised
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
CAA Report
Aircraft Maintenance Engineers:
The total number of South African Aircraft Maintenance
Engineers currently licensed is 1836.
South African Airways Technical (SAAT) has capacity to
train 144 new apprentices every year.
SAAT have indicated that the TETA only sponsor the
training of 89 of these apprentices annually.
Five main airlines’ current and future requirements:
Does not address military aviation requirements.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
CAA Report
Summary:
Pilots:
Findings not included here
Aircraft Maintenance Engineers:
Apparent lack of sufficient funds to train enough
technicians
Apparent sufficient training capacities but underutilised
Military aviations needs not incorporated
Not enough young people attracted
Require approximately 4 years before licensed to do basic
maintenance on large aircraft – theoretically 23 years old
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
CAA Report
Summary
Air Traffic Controllers
Have “headcount” of 413; target is 448, steps underway
Retention / attraction remains challenge
“Poaching” by foreign organisations remain serious
Airport Planners
Shortage exists
Affects ACSA and SACAA
Concerted effort to identify right type of professional
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
ASSEGAI
A STRATEGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE, ECONOMICAL
AND GROWING AEROSPACE INDUSTRY 2002
part of the Advanced Manufacturing Technology Strategy
(AMTS) and refers to the SA aerospace manufacturing
sector, its role locally and its present and possible future
position within the global context
The South African government clearly stated: …
aerospace industry to be as healthy and vibrant as the
automotive industry by the year 2014…., will have a
sustainable, growing, empowered and internationally
recognised industry
Five tiered approach
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
ASSEGAI
Core elements include:
Competing on world markets
Links with international companies
A role in Africa
Government controls
Industrial participation
BEE and SMME development
Human resource development
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
ASSEGAI
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
ASSEGAI
Should this initiative be successful the following
outcomes may be possible:
South Africa can actively bid for parts supply of very
large projects such as the Airbus’ A400M programme
competitive, cost-effective production, faster delivery
times, increased quality levels and enhanced flexibility
general improvement in the capability of the SA
aerospace industry to compete globally
less risks for the lower tier sub-contractors whilst
enabling them to retain expertise and
be partners to earning foreign revenue
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
ASSEGAI: Conclusions
Well structured approach
Limited to manufacturing
A number of well formulated forward-looking
views
Limited to structures primarily
Not updated since first publish
Did not result in an implementation plan(s)
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
Sectoral Analysis of the Aerospace Industry in
South Africa – March 2008
Commissioned by DoL
Research consortium
HSRC
DPRU
SWOP
Research Agency: Institute for Economic Research on
Innovation
Author – Erika Kraemer-Mabula
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
An attempt to conduct a critical skills survey took
place in 2006 by DTI, with the purpose of
identifying skills areas and occupations that are
in short supply. This attempt resulted in only one
respondent from the aerospace sector.
The data available for determining skills
shortages and critical skills is very poor in the
aerospace sector. Industrial associations,
relevant government departments and related
SETAs need to address information gathering
amongst the organizations in this industry.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Analysis
Lack of consistent and comparable data for the
South African aerospace industry
Sources suggest that there are currently between 100
and 200 domestic organizations engaged
The sector is highly concentrated in a few, very large
organization, SMME’s are rapidly increasing and recently
estimated to comprise about 75%
South African aerospace companies mainly operate in
Gauteng, smaller hub based in Western Cape
Sub-sector ‘manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft’
employed approx 1,500 people in 2005, contributing to
0.14% of total employment in the manufacturing sector.
Current methods of data collection do not allow
extracting explicit figures for aerospace activities.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
Main bullet
Sub-bullet
Bullet 2
Bullets next
And next sub-level
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
Critical skills identification:
Personal interviews revealed that critical skills are
generally the result of insufficient training prior to entry
into the work place, technological changes, and recent
regulatory changes relating to the identification of
engineering work.
Many weaknesses were identified such as:
Lack
Lack
Lack
Lack
Lack
Lack
of
of
of
of
of
of
understanding of job specifications
innovation capabilities
adaptation to markets changes
practical skills
business skills
soft skills
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
Critical skills listed by employers included:
(a) For management staff: financial skills, leadership
skills, communication skills, human resources
management, performance management, project
management.
(b) For production workers: computer skills, engineering
design, quality assurance, project management, soft
skills.
Specialized technical skills and engineering design were
identified as critical for production workers in aerospace
manufacturing.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
Main bullet
Sub-bullet
Bullet 2
Bullets next
And next sub-level
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Sectoral Study March 2008
Conclusions
Did not address all of aerospace; excl all civil aviation
Some data and findings are contra-intuitive and
deserves re-visit
Vast amount of data and statistics
Aerospace-specific findings not clearly articulated
No quantified recommendations
Seems to not have been distributed to the aerospace
community for review and possible implementation
Major obstacle is lack of ‘aerospace’ traceable data
Clear need to improve education and training systems
Shortage of accredited training providers
Aerospace as a career not automatic
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
DoL Studies March2008
ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALS: CRUCIAL KEY TO
DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH IN SOUTH AFRICA: DoL –
March 2008
Graduation data from the DoE and ECSA differ to some
extent, because the DoE includes some fields of study
under engineering which are excluded by ECSA
DoE data also includes engineering fields of study such
as Graphic and Drafting ….which are excluded by ECSA
ECSA includes only nine main fields of study Aeronautical, Agricultural…..engineering
DoE in addition to the nine main fields of study, also
gives a breakdown according to Automotive
engineering; …..
Reinforces lack of aerospace data
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Other Sectors
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
MERSETA Sector Skills Plan
Merseta SSP 2007 – 2010 as well as Merseta SSP
2005 – 2010:
Do not contain reference or any skills planning for
‘aerospace’, ‘aviation’, ‘aeronautical’
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
CETA - Construction
Construction scarce & critical skills:
Skills training and development
Development of new workers
Mathematics and science education
Mentoring programme
Promoting equity in the sector
Career advancement
Training of unemployed people
Institutional arrangements
Accredited training providers and critical mass of
training providers
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
CETA - Construction
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
FASSET Sector (Fin, Mngmt, Acctg)
Guide to Scarce and Critical Skills in Fasset
Sector - 2006
Well-planned approach
Have an SSP
Quantified with specifics
Successful in growing new entrants
Have good growth in black and PDI intake but have
strategies to improve on this
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
FASSET Sector (Fin, Mngmt, Acctg)
Growth in Learnerships
and Skills need plan
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
MMS Sector: Mining & Minerals Sector
A GUIDE FOR IDENTIFYING AND ADDRESSING
SCARCE AND CRITIICAL SKILLS IN THE MINING
AND MINERALS SECTOR : MQA 2008 - 2010
The intention of the Guide is to assist skills planning
processes at enterprise and sector levels by:
Deepening understanding and ways of identifying scarce
and critical skills within the current skills development
needs analytical processes
enhancing consistent application of the scarce and critical
skills indicators and identification of root causes of scarce
skills
enhancing ways of addressing scarce and critical skills and
applying the above in the completion of the Workplace
Skills Plan (WSP)
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
MMS Sector: Mining & Minerals Sector
MQA’s scarce and critical research identified
common drivers and strategies to address
scarcity:
Drivers: Equity considerations, movement out of the
sector, mortality
Indicators: High vacancy rates, high replacement rates,
low unemployment rates
Strategies: Bursaries, learnerships, apprenticeships, upskilling through skillsprogrammes, work placements, FET
College engagement
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
MMS Sector: Mining & Minerals Sector
Scarce skills: MQA Support Strategy
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Isett Sector: ICT
ISETT = Information Systems, Electronics and
Telecommunications Technologies
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: USA
Building and Retaining the Aerospace Workforce
– Inside Aerospace: An International Forum for
Aerospace Leaders, 12 – 13 May 2009, Arlington,
Virginia
Sponsored by The American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics (AIAA)
2008 Forum identified three areas for attention:
Education and social environment
Employee recruitment and retention
Fostering inspiration
Each of these addressed and discussed in 2009 Forum
Recommendations, findings and actions
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: USA - AIAA
About AIAA:
International membership
Caters from students through educators, members, etc
AIAA is the voice of the aerospace profession, giving its
members say in policy decisions affecting aerospace.
Contributes technical expertise to government, providing
accurate information to decision makers and highlighting
the crucial role aerospace plays
Published “The Aerospace Career Handbook”
“… has been written specifically for college students who
are contemplating a career in the aerospace industry. It
will serve as an ongoing resource to you throughout your
college life, providing information on how to prepare for—
and what to expect from—a career in aerospace.”
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: USA - AIAA
2009 – 2013 Strategic Plan extracts:
To sustain and strengthen the profession
Sustain a Robust Aerospace Workforce and Develop
Next-Generation Professionals.
To serve as an advocate for the profession
Actively engage prospective college graduates (while
they are student members)
Increase the participation of under-represented groups
(young professionals, women, minorities)
AIAA will lead aerospace workforce development
throughout our community while actively supporting
broader STEM education initiatives.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: USA
Inside Aerospace findings:
Background 2008: “..US aerospace workforce is ageing
and not attracting enough young people..”
Two main themes: Attraction & Retention
A common finding is severe lack of appropriate STEM
teaching, now addressed by US Government
21 Recommendations, each with 1 or more findings and
actions
An example in each area is given:
Educational & Social Environment:
Aerospace companies support many K–12 STEM education
projects; They also create and support college-level programs
in aerospace. Public-private partnerships such as FAA’s
Centers of Excellence are growing.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: USA
An example in each area is given:
Employee recruitment and retention:
Mentorship is essential; the workforce must be engaged;
employees must know how they can contribute. Pass on
passion to schools and provide venues for sharing
information. Begin systems engineering training early in
engineers’ careers.
Fostering inspiration:
There is little public understanding of engineering. Aerospace
companies have many inspirational programs for young
people. There is a shortage of role models, especially for
women and minorities. The main issue in STEM education is
inadequate teacher training.
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: Canada
Priority Issues … Policy Development and
Implementation by the Federal Government
Background Paper and ‘Call for Action’ from the
Aerospace Industries Association of Canada April 2006
Canada’s aerospace industry more than 400 firms
directly employ 75,000
Aerospace is Canada’s advanced technology exporter
with 85% of its annual output to global customers
Identifies seven areas where the Federal Government
can take a leadership role:
Strategic Initiatives and Major Platforms
Technology Development and Commercialization
Human Resources and Skills Development …
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: Canada
Strategic Platforms:
from time to time, significant, strategic investment
opportunities arise
these can be in the commercial, defence and/or space
market segments
present opportunities for Canada to take a leadership
position
or participate as a major partner in an international
platform
these platforms are infrequent, difficult to predict, and
often unique
Inability to successfully compete for new programmes
(with exceptions) due to radical new knowledge required
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: Canada
Five major future platforms selected are:
Boeing 737 Replacement – too late for 787
Airbus A320 Replacement
Embraer Business Jets
Airbus A350
Bombardier C
2009 Guide to Canada’s Aerospace Industry
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: Canada
One consolidated reference to Canadian
aerospace companies – classified per functionality
and covers civil as well as military
259 pages specifying company usual details plus
areas of expertise and specialisation
Annual statistics directly relevant to aerospace
‘One stop shop’ for all information aerospace
Canada
Directing their HCD towards achieving their
commercial, strategic interests
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: Canada
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: Canada
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
News Release: Annual survey of £20bn UK
aerospace industry reveals mixed picture for
2008
Sales flat, domestic market falls but exports still strong,
small rise in growth, orders fall (but backlogs still
strong), R&D spend falls sharply, skills levels rise,
productivity rises but employment falls.
productivity per employee has risen by 15 per cent from
£176,000 per employee to £203,000 per employee
umber of students taking specialised aerospace
engineering courses rose by 7 per cent
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
Sales increased by 1.01 per cent in real terms in 2007
Aerospace employment declined by 5.47 per cent to
113,318
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
Civil vs military growth
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
Another view…
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
R&D / R&T Spend
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
Productivity
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
Skills distribution
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
Student feeder system
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
Skills agreement
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
Another view…
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
SEMTA Skills Agreement elements:
Drivers of change
Skills deficiencies
Key skills
Future skills
Key skills requirements
Provision and supply
Detailed statistics on all levels of education and training
Pages of gap analysis and action plans
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Foreign Reports: UK
Net requirements – quantitative
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Summary of Analyses 1
Significant number of studies have been done
Majority of studies focused on military aerospace
Separate studies commissioned by DoL, the dti,
DST and DPE
Implementation of some of these studies visible
to some extent as:
AISI
AMTS
NACoE
CAV
TETA Aerospace Chamber
Agreement for external SAAF pilot training
AeroAfrica-EU
IASSA
AAD
A400M agreement
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Summary of Analyses 2
No well-defined aerospace sector that represents
whole industry exists, such as for automotive
Current strategy (ASSEGAI) does not address
whole sector, has not been reviewed since launch
No clear statement on what SA wants to achieve
in global context, localised strategically
Lack of lobby power to further aerospace jointly
Leads to unclear HCD goals
No common, inclusive forum to discuss SA
Aerospace
Aerospace Network has not met for some time
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Summary of Analyses 3
Existence and recommendations of studies
mostly not well known, not widely distributed and
not acted upon
Studies done in general lack specifics
Very little current statistics on SA aerospace skills
Training facilities in general struggle to survive
Large proportion is deduced data
Opportunity to optimise across the whole Sector
Insufficient information made available on
aerospace opportunities in terms of careers,
training, etc
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Summary of Analyses 4
Aerospace is not an automatic career choice
Few aerospace focused tertiary institutions
Contributing skills are often not recognised e.g.
quality, logistics
Insufficient funding available for training
Initial training not well managed
No aerospace-specific OFO scarce and critical
skills identification and development plan
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence
Questions?
National Aerospace
Centre of Excellence