Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Book 1: 1-­‐643 The Iliad begins with the poet calling on the Muse to sing of the wrath of Achilles and its consequences. Apollo's priest Chryses comes to the Achaean camp and asks to ransom back his daughter Chryseis, who has been captured. Agamemnon sends him rudely away, and Chryses prays to Apollo to punish the Greeks, which Apollo does by sending a plague upon them. Achilles calls an assembly to ask the seer Calchas why Apollo is angry. First Calchas secures Achilles' promise that he will protect him from reprisals, then he explains the situation. Agamemnon angrily denounces Calchas. Agamemnon agrees to give up Chryseis, who is his concubine, but demands some other "prize" to replace her. Achilles answers that another prize will come later, when Troy is sacked. Agamemnon angrily threatens to take the captive woman of Achilles or of another of the Achaean chiefs, and Achilles responds to this slight by denouncing Agamemnon and threatening to go home to Phthia. Agamemnon repeats his threat to take Achilles' prize, and Achilles is about to draw his sword when Athena appears to him and stops him. Instead of attacking Agamemnon, Achilles berates him some more, and swears an oath to stay out of the battle so that the Achaeans can see how important he is. Nestor tries to reconcile the two chiefs, but without much success. Achilles agrees to surrender his captive woman, Briseis, without a fight. When the messengers from Agamemnon arrive, Achilles hands her over. He then meets with his mother, Thetis the sea-­‐nymph, and tells her the whole story of how he has been dishonored. He asks her to convince Zeus to make the Trojans win for a while, so the Greeks will realize how much they need Achilles. Thetis leaves, and the Achaeans set about returning Chryseis to her home and propitiating Apollo. Thetis meets with Zeus and explains the situation; he owes her a favor, so he agrees to give glory to the Trojans on Achilles' behalf. Hera, who favors the Greeks, expresses her displeasure over this plan, but Zeus asserts his authority and she is silenced. Hephaestus comforts his mother Hera, and soon all the gods are again at peace, and the day ends. 1-­‐8 Prologue: Sing, Muse, of the Wrath of Achilles. 9-­‐40 Chryses tries to ransom his daughter; Agamemnon roughly rejects the ransom and dismisses the priest. 41-­‐60 Chryses prays to Apollo, who sends a plague among the host. 61-­‐75 After 10 days, Achilles summons an assembly. 76-­‐106 Calchas reveals the cause of Apollo's anger: the plague will not end until Chryseis is returned. 107-­‐157 Agamemnon reluctantly gives up Chryseis, but demands a replacement. Achilles points out that no prizes are available. Agamemnon threatens to take another's prize, even Achilles'. 158-­‐181 Achilles becomes angry and threatens to go back home. 182-­‐197 Agamemnon will take Achilles' prize, the girl Briseis. 198-­‐235 Achilles is about to slay Agamemnon, but Athena stops him. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad 235-­‐259 Achilles rails at Agamemnon. He declares that the Achaeans will some day long for his help and not have it. 260-­‐299 The aged Nestor tries to make peace between the two. 300-­‐318 Achilles and Agamemnon make an angry reply. 319-­‐330 The assembly breaks up. Odysseus takes Chryseis back home. 331361 Agamemnon bids the heralds Talthybios and Eurybates to fetch Briseis, which they do. 361-­‐377 Achilles cries to his mother; Thetis comes and asks of his sorrow. 377-­‐454 Achilles tells his mother of the outrage. He asks her to entreat Zeus to grant victory to the Trojans. Thetis promises to ask Zeus. 455-­‐471 Odysseus brings Chryseis to her father. 472-­‐485 Chryses prays to Apollo to stop the plague, which he does. 486-­‐505 Odysseus performs a sacrifice and returns home after the feast. 506-­‐520 Achilles remains beside his ship. 521-­‐562 Thetis supplicates Zeus, and her prayer is granted. 563-­‐600 Hera scolds Zeus, who sharply rebukes her. 601-­‐626 Hephaestus counsels submission to Zeus, and tells how he himself was once punished for interfering in one of their quarrels. 627-­‐643 Hera submits. Hephaestus plays the cupbearer, and the gods laugh at his antics. The gods go to bed. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Book 6: 1-­‐4, (103-­‐387) 388-­‐558 The battle goes on without the gods, and the Greeks begin to gain the upper hand. Helenos sends Hector back into the city, so he can tell the women of Troy to try to propitiate Athena. Glaucus and Diomedes meet on the battlefield, and Diomedes (not wanting to attack a god) asks Glaucus who he is. Glaucus replies with a famous simile; why ask his lineage, when men are as impermanent as the leaves? Nonetheless he gives it at length, including in it the story of how his ancestor Bellerophontes overcame a variety of dangers to become king of Lycia. Diomedes realizes that there is a tradition of hospitality (xenia) between his family and Glaucus'; instead of fighting, they exchange armor and part on good terms. But Diomedes gets the better of Glaucus, since he receives gold armor in exchange for bronze. Hector arrives at Troy and encounters his mother, Hecuba. She offers him wine and the chance to pour a libation, but he turns it down, saying he is not clean enough for religious rituals. He gives her instructions about what to do for Athena, and she obeys, but Athena is unmoved. Next Hector goes to Paris' house, where he chastises his brother for not being on the battlefield. Helen tries to get Hector to sit down next to her, but he refuses. Hector goes to his own house to find his wife Andromache, but learns that she is up on the wall with his baby son Astyanax. There he meets them. Weeping, Andromache reminds him of her life story. Achilles killed her whole family, and Hector is all she has. She advises him not to go back out onto the battlefield. Hector replies that he must go or be thought a coward. He imagines Andromache as a captive woman, and is sorrowed by the thought. He seems certain that he will die soon, but he can see no real alternative except to fight on. Next he tries to hold his son, but the baby is frightened by his war gear. Hector removes his helmet and places it on the ground, and the baby comes into his arms. Hector prays that one day his son may be a warrior even more glorious than his father. In his parting words to Andromache, Hector takes pity on her and suggests that perhaps he may survive the battle after all. Hector and Paris return to the battlefield. 120-­‐146 Diomedes encounters Glaucus and asks him his lineage. 147-­‐217 Glaucus declares himself the son of Hippolochus, son of the famous Bellerophon, whose story he tells. 218-­‐245 Diomedes tells how Bellerophon was a guest friend of his ancestor Oineus. They exchange armor as a sign of their friendship. 246-­‐274 Hector comes to Troy and the palace of Priam. He finds there Hecuba, who offers him wine. 275-­‐298 Hector will not drink. He bids his mother to entreat Athena for the Trojans. 299-­‐327 Hecuba takes a gift of a robe, and with the other women makes entreaty of Athena. Athena refuses the supplication. 328-­‐359 Hector finds Paris and scolds him for staying away from the battle. Paris agrees to return to the fighting. 360-­‐387 Helen bemoans her fate and disparages Paris. She wishes to talk with Hector, but Hector cannot stay. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad 388-­‐407 Hector seeks Andromache, but she is gone with their child to the city walls. 408-­‐461 Hector meets Andromache near the Skaian gate. She begs him to stay from the battle, lest she be made a widow and their child an orphan. 462-­‐490 Hector refuses. He fortells his own death, the sack of Troy, and Andromache's captivity. 491-­‐528 Hector kisses his son and prays to Zeus to make the boy valiant and great. He bids Andromache go home. 494-­‐502 Andromache and the servants bewail Hector as for one already dead. 529-­‐555 Paris overtakes Hector by the gate, and the two leave together. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Book 9: 186-­‐443, (444-­‐737) The assembly selects three ambassadors (Odysseus, Phoenix, and Ajax) and sends them to Achilles. They find him playing the lyre and singing epic verses by the shore. They feast, and then Odysseus makes the first of the speeches imploring Achilles to return. First he apprises Achilles of the strategic situation, using the rhetorical device of hyperbole to magnify the danger in which the Achaeans find themselves. Second, he touches Achilles' heart by speaking in the voice of his father Peleus, sending him off to Troy and warning him to avoid quarrels. Third, he repeats Agamemnon's list of gifts and honors, artfully substituting the glorious prospect of killing Hector for the original last four lines. Achilles responds with an impassioned speech, rejecting Odysseus' arguments roughly in reverse order. What good will honor do if he is dead? Why has Agamemnon waited so long to share the plunder equitably? If Menelaus and the rest have gone to war for the sake of Helen, why should not Achilles do the same against Agamemnon for the sake of Briseis? Achilles again threatens to return home to Phthia, claiming that he prefers what awaits him there to all the gifts promised by Agamemnon. As if convincing himself of the rightness of this course, he recalls Thetis' prophecy about his two futures: a quick but glorious death at Troy, or a return home and a long life of domestic tranquility. Next Phoenix, an old friend of Achilles' family, takes his turn at persuasion. He recalls his own personal history, how he came to live in the palace of Peleus, and saw Achilles grow up. He warns Achilles about the dangers of Ruin (Atê). To illustrate the principle that all stubbornness is eventually overcome, he tells the story of Meleager, slayer of the Chaledonian boar. During the war between the Aetolians and the Kouretes, Meleager stayed away until the city of Chaledon was nearly taken, then entered the battle and saved the day. In his response, Achilles admits that Phoenix has moved him, but still he refuses to comply. Last of all, Ajax takes his turn. In his blunt way, he suggests that Achilles has moved well outside the realm of societal norms (nomos); in society, even a murderer can be forgiven. Unmoved, Achilles swears not to return to the battle until the Trojans have set the Achaean ships ablaze. The embassy returns and reports Achilles' decision; Diomedes says they must fight on without him, and the others agree. 186-­‐228 The ambassadors come to the hut of Achilles, who bids them welcome and sets meat and drink before them. 229-­‐310 Odysseus declares their errand, and begs Achilles to have pity on the Achaeans and return to the battle. 311-­‐443 Achilles angrily refuses the offers of Agamemnon. He counsels the Achaeans to return home, as he himself intends to do the next day. 444-­‐543 Phoenix prays Achilles to yield. He tells his own story, and how it came to pass that Peleus gave Achilles into his charge. 544-­‐622 The story of Meleager. 623-­‐641 Achilles remains obdurate. 642-­‐665 Ajax bluntly rebukes Achilles for his stubbornness. 666-­‐678 Achilles replies that he will not gain enter the battle until Hector attacks the huts and ships of the Myrmidons. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad 679-­‐691 Ajax and Odysseus depart, leaving Phoenix with Achilles. 692-­‐718 Odysseus gives Achilles' message to the council of the chiefs. 719-­‐738 Diomedes counsels refreshment and repose for the present, and for the morrow once more to set the battle in array. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Book 16: 1-­‐107, (108-­‐317, 381-­‐430, 455-­‐586), 667-­‐906 A weeping Patroclus tells Achilles of the Greeks' plight. He asks Achilles to allow him to wear Achilles' armor and to lead the Myrmidons into battle. Achilles reiterates his own reasons for staying out of the contest; although his anger has abated, he can not fight until the battle reaches his own ships. But he consents to the plan of Patroclus, warning him not to advance into the plain, but only to drive the Trojans away from the ships. Meanwhile, Hector forces Ajax to retreat from the defence of his ship, and the burning of the Greek hulls begins. Achilles sees this and hurries to muster the Myrmidons, while Patroclus arms himself. Achilles pours a libation and prays to Zeus for Patroclus' success. Led by Patroclus, the Myrmidons attack, drive the Trojans back from the ships, and put out the fire. Patroclus himself kills many Trojans between the ships and the ditch, while others flee back towards Troy. Sarpedon comes up to face Patroclus in single combat, and Zeus wonders whether he should rescue his son; but Hera advises him to let destiny take its course, and Zeus agrees. Patroclus kills Sarpedon, who with his dying breath calls upon Glaucus to protect his corpse. Glaucus prays to Apollo, and Apollo responds by healing his wounds, enabling Glaucus to collect a band of Trojans for the fight over Sarpedon's body. Battle rages around the carcass of Sarpedon, but in the end Zeus decides to postpone Patroclus' death, and the Greeks are able to strip the body while the Trojans and Lycians flee. Zeus sends Apollo to remove the denuded corpse from the battlefield. Meanwhile Patroclus forgets the warning given him by Achilles, and pursues the Trojans across the plain up to the city walls. Apollo urges Hector to attack Patroclus, but Patroclus continues his rampage, killing ten more men before Apollo himself finally knocks him down and takes away his armor. The dazed and defenceless Patroclus is wounded by a Trojan, Euphorbos, and Hector comes in to finish him off. As he dies, Patroclus predicts the death of Hector at the hands of Achilles. 1-­‐48 Patroclus comes to Achilles and reproaches him for not entering the battle. He begs that he at least might enter the fight. 49-­‐107 Achilles will not himself relent, but permits Patroclus and the Myrmidons to save the ships. He bids Patroclus not to pursue the Trojans into the plain. 108-­‐134 Ajax grows tired and gives way before Hector's onset. The Trojans set fire to a ship. 135-­‐162 Patroclus puts on his harness while Automedon yokes the horses to the chariot. 163-­‐175 Achilles arms the Myrmidons, who gather about him fierce as wolves. 176-­‐217 The chieftains of the Myrmidons. Achilles urges them to battle. 218-­‐264 The Myrmidons form battle formation. Achilles prays Zeus to help Patroclus. 265-­‐289 The Myrmidons pour forth on the Trojans like wasps from a nest. 290-­‐317 Patroclus and his men drive the Trojans from among the ships. -­‐-­‐ 381-­‐430 The Trojans are routed. Hector in his chariot flees across the ditch pursued by Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Patroclus. -­‐-­‐ 455-­‐491 Sarpedon encounters Patroclus; Zeus debates whether he will allow Sarpedon to be slain, and Hera gives him counsel. 492-­‐540 Patroclus slays Sarpedon's squire. Sarpedon, missing Patroclus, kills the horse Pedasos. Sarpedon is slain. 541-­‐558 Glaucus asks Apollo to heal him of his wound, that he may rescue Sarpedon's body. 559-­‐585 His prayer being heard, Glaucus rallies the Lycians and Trojans. -­‐-­‐ 667-­‐708 Zeus bids Apollo bear Sarpedon's body out of the battle. 708-­‐744 Apollo rescues Sarpedon's body; Sleep and Death bear it away to Lycia. Patroclus comes close to taking the city. 745-­‐756 Apollo bids Hector go forth from the city to try and slay Patroclus. 757-­‐784 Hector drives forth with Cebriones, his charioteer. Patroclus strikes Cebriones out of the chariot with a stone. 785-­‐814 Hector and Patroclus fight over the body of Cebriones. The battle grows fierce, and many join in. 815-­‐857 Apollo dazes Patroclus with a stroke of his hand, and Euphorbos smites him in the back with a spear. 858-­‐883 Hector slays Patroclus. 884-­‐894 Patroclus, dying, foretells how Hector shall soon fall by the hands of Achilles. 895-­‐906 Patroclus dies. Hector draws out his spear from the body, and goes in pursuit of Automedon. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Book 18: 1-­‐259 Antilochos reports the death of Patroclus to Achilles, whose cry of woe reaches the ears of Thetis. She leads all the nymphs in a song of mourning (threnody), then goes to see Achilles. He explains that Patroclus is dead, and mother and son grieve together, both knowing that this means Achilles must reenter the battle and eventually die young at Troy. Without admitting fault, Achilles regrets that there is such a thing as anger among men. Thetis agrees that he must fight now, but tells him to wait while she fetches new armor from Hephaestus. Meanwhile on the battlefield Hector again threatens to win Patroclus' body. On Iris' instructions, Achilles steps out beside the ditch and shouts his war cry. This, together with Athena's own shout and a terrifying flame she creates above Achilles' head, is enough to frighten off the Trojans and to get Patroclus' body back to Achilles' shelter. 1-­‐22 Antilochus comes to Achilles and tells him that Patroclus is dead. 23-­‐67 The anguish of Achilles; Thetis hears his lamentation. 68-­‐101 Thetis comes to Achilles, who tells her of this trouble. 102-­‐135 Achilles will go forth and slay Hector, though he must himself be slain thereafter. 136-­‐158 Thetis will bring Achilles new armor from Hephaestus. She departs to Olympus. 159-­‐213 Hector comes close to seizing the body of Patroclus. Iris comes from Olympus to rouse Achilles to the battle. 214-­‐259 Achilles shows himself beside the ditch, causing dismay among the Trojans. The Achaeans bring back the body of Patroclus. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Book 19: 1-­‐87 Achilles receives the armor and is filled with lust for battle. Assured by Thetis that she will prevent Patroclus' corpse from decaying, he calls the Achaeans to assembly. Without admitting fault, he wishes aloud that he and Agamemnon had never quarreled, and even that Briseis had died before ever becoming the object of the strife. Achilles declares his anger to be at an end. 1-­‐51 52-­‐87 Thetis brings the divine armor to Achilles. The assembly of the Achaeans; Achilles offers friendship to Agamemnon. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Book 22: 1-­‐575 Hector remains alone outside the walls as Achilles realizes that he has been tricked. Priam and Hecuba plead with their son, urging him to come inside the walls and not to face Achilles alone. Hector ignores their pleas, while in his own mind he ponders his fate, wishfully imagining that it might be possible to make terms with Achilles, but in the end resolved to stand up to him. When Achilles draws near, Hector is seized by fear and runs away, with Achilles close behind. Zeus considers rescuing Hector, but Athena convinces him to allow her to help Achilles instead. Zeus weighs the destinies of both men in the scales, and Hector's is heavier; his death is therefore at hand. Athena disguises herself as Hector's brother Deïphobus, and so persuades Hector to stop running away so that the two of them may face Hector together. Hector stops and addresses Achilles, proposing that before fighting they should agree that the winner will treat the loser's body correctly. Achilles refuses this deal and attacks. His first cast misses, but Athena retrieves the spear for him. Hector's spear bounces off the shield of Achilles, and after calling in vain on Deïphobus to provide another Hector realizes how Athena has mislead him. Now Achilles kills Hector, boasts aloud of his intention to maltreat Hector's body, and says that he will never ransom it back to Priam for proper funereal rites. The Achaeans crowd around and stab the corpse, then Achilles drags it back to the camp behind his chariot. The focus shifts to the city, where we get the mournful reactions of Priam, Hecuba, and Andromache. Andromache's worst fears, imagined in Book 6, have now come to pass; her lament is mostly about what a hard life now lies ahead for her fatherless son, Astyanax. 1-­‐30 Apollo declares himself to Achilles. 30-­‐87 Priam from the walls vainly calls Hector to come into the city. 87-­‐99 Neither will Hector listen to his mother. 100-­‐14149 Hector awaits Achilles. 150-­‐189 Hector flees before Achilles, who chases him round the city. 190-­‐209 Zeus pities Hector, but allows Athena to work her will. 210-­‐250 Zeus dooms Hector to die. Athena bids Achilles rest from his pursuit, while she persuades Hector to confront him. 251-­‐274 Athena, in the form of Deiphobus, beguiles Hector to face Achilles. 275-­‐298 Hector wants to make a covenant with Achilles, but Achilles answers him with scorn. 299-­‐315 Hector fights with Achilles. 2316-­‐333 Hector is advised of Athena's deceit. 334-­‐373 Hector is slain. 374-­‐406 Hector, dying, makes a last request of Achilles, which is refused. He foretells Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Achilles' end, and dies. 407-­‐417 The Achaeans admire the body of Hector and pierce it with their spears. 418-­‐449 Achilles devises foul treatment of Hector's body. 450-­‐483 The lamentation of Priam and Hecuba for Hector. 484-­‐575 Andromache sees Achilles dragging Hector's body to the ships; the anguish of Andromache. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html
Iliad – Passages for Ancient Studies – Lombardo’s Essential Iliad Book 24: 497-­‐860 Priam enters and supplicates Achilles, strongly reminding him of his own beloved father Peleus. Together Achilles and Priam weep, each for his own. Then Achilles replies to Priam's speech, voicing admiration for his courage in coming, and painting a famous picture of the inconstancy of mortal happiness (the two urns of Zeus). Achilles orders his servants to clean and wrap the body for moving, but to keep it out of Priam's sight. He apologizes tofor breaking his promise and allowing Hector to be buried. Achilles then tells Priam the story of Niobe, whose twelve children all died as a result of her hubris, to illustrate the principle that even amidst great sadness people must eat. They feast, and Achilles agrees to restrain the Achaeans for twelve days while the Trojans have Hector's funeral. Priam goes to sleep outside of Achilles' shelter, until Hermes awakens him in the middle of the night and guides him back to the city. The three women closest to Hector now take turns leading the lament. First is Andromache, who repeats her earlier theme of the hard future ahead for herself and Astyanax, then closes with a wish that the last moments she had with Hector had been more intimate. Second is Hecuba, who asserts that Hector was her favorite son. Third is Helen, who praises Hector for having befriended her when others were harsh. The Trojans gather wood for the pyre for nine days. On the tenth they immolate Hector, and on the eleventh they bury him. 497-­‐543 Priam enters Achilles hut, and makes his entreaty. 544-­‐595 Achilles is moved to tears, and the two weep for their dead. Achilles speaks of the lot of man, and counsels Priam to be comforted and not to mourn. He asks Priam to stay awhile. 596-­‐617 Priam wants to take Hector's body and depart at once; at this Achilles' becomes angry. 617-­‐643 Achilles and his squires bring in the gifts for Hector's ransoming. The body of Hector is washed and anointed, and laid on the mule cart. 644-­‐671 Achilles bids Priam take meat, and speaks of Niobe, who for all her sorrows ate food. 672-­‐684 Priam eats with Achilles and his squires. 685-­‐721 A bed is made for Priam. Achilles promises to stay the Achaeans from the battle until Hector's funeral is performed. 722-­‐744 Priam lays down to sleep, but is awakened by Hermes, who counsels him to make haste and get back to Troy. 745-­‐769 Priam brings Hector's body to Troy. 777-­‐831 Andromache laments her husband. Hecuba laments her son. Helen laments Hector 832-­‐860 The burying of Hector. Summaries drawn from http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.html &
http://people.duke.edu/~wj25/UC_Web_Site/epic/ilsum.html