Long-acting Vitamin C Release pellet Effectively provide enough Vit C and maintain 24-hour physiological function. Chemical properties Levorotary Vit C Scientific name L-ascorbate or L-ascorbic acid Molecular formula C6H8O6 Molecular weight 176.14 Ceiling effect of oral Vit C is 95mg once by oral absorption. United States vitamin C recommendations Recommended Dietary 90 mg/day Allowance(adult male) Recommended Dietary Allowance 75 mg/day (adult female) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (adult 2000mg/day male and female) 1. Overdose of Vit C will result of the osmotic water-retaining effect of the unabsorbed portion in the gastrointestinal tract (similar to cathartic osmotic laxatives). Compare the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) with different Vit C oral dosage. Changing of plasma concentration for oral dosage in human body Changing of plasma concentration when uptake 200mg and 1250mg by oral or injection (IV) The difference between the plasma concentration of 400mg and 1000mg daily dosage is less. The Vit C is rapidly eliminated when the dosage is over 400mg. Up taking 200mg or 1250mg by oral (-○-) or injection (-●-) gradually toward to the same concentration in 8~12 hours Alteration of plasma concentration between gap junctions in varies oral dosage of Vit C. Vit C recommended dosage and usage. 1. Uptake 200mg~400mg of Vit C at a time, three time per day or 2. Uptake 500mg long-acting Vit C pellet once per day 3. higher dosage (>500mg) does not result better effect, because it excess the ability of GI absorption and accelerate Vit C metabolism and elimination. Daily oral dose of 300mg Vit C reaches Cmax varied from different tissues. Medray honeycomb-structure pellet benefits 1. Pharmaceutics Improvement (Patent Appling) Powder or Microencapsulating powder Actives (Solid or Liquid) Pellet with Protecting layer Advantage: Protect from oxidation, light and humidity to have longer lasting products. Dual mechanism design of pellet formulation regulates Vit C release and dissolution. Secondary structure unit Protective Mem. Anti-oxidation/moisture Functional Mem. Delayed-release membrane 2. Pharmacokinetics Improvement Long-acting Vit C pellet has the following properties of pharmacokinetics. a. Oxidation stable. b. Pellets could easily pass the pylorus, and is not restricted by stomach evacuation. c. Vit C pellet release steadily at Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum(about 5 Meter) 8-12 hours and maintain efficient plasma concentration for 12-16 hours d. Release steadily to avoid side effect from high Vit C conc. for mucosa irritation and in plasma. e. Different vitamin C plasma concentration play a different mechanism of metabolism elimination. According to clinical PK data, Vit C will be metabolized and elimination faster at 70-90μM. So administration of 500mg to 2000mg vitamin C may not achieve comparative efficacy. 3. Phramcodynamics Improvement Long-acting Vit C pellet provide sustained and suitable plasma concentration and steadily maintain the better physiology performance. a. Vit C is the key coenzyme to assist proline and lysine for Hydroxylation of Collagen and is also important for consisting triple collagen spiral. Therefore, Vit C has the significant role for maintaining and developing of skin, cartilage, bone, enamel, and endothelium. To maintain proper connective tissue functions also requires Vit C because collagen is used to form connective tissue between cells. b. Vit C involve in metabolism of Tyrosine, which influences the neural transmission of epinephrine、dopamine、tryptophan and functions of endocrine. c. Vit C assists synthesis of Carnitine and influences cell transportation and fatty acid for entering mitochondrion to produce ATP, which is the energy source for body cells. d. Assists Dopamine β-hydroxlase to synthesize epinephrine, steroid hormone, and norepinephrine for sustaining body functions e. Involve in synthesis and stability of hormonal peptide f. Enhance wound healing and increase receptiveness of stress from injury and infection. Recommended Group 1. 2. 3. 4. Group with highly consume vitamin C: smoking, pregnant, athletic, staying up or overly stressed. Assisting of infection、fever、inflammation and cicatrization. Ease symptoms of gout and hyperuricemia Anti-aging of skin and the joint and anti-melanin and whitening the skin. 5. Significantly reduced the frequency of the common cold but not the duration or severity