Slide 1 Human Communication Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 PART ONE Fundamentals of Communication Studies © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 CHAPTER 1 Human Communication: The Essentials • Chapter Summary •Communication is Essential •Communication: The Process of Exchanging Meaning •Communication Principles •Components of Communication •How Does Communication Occur? •What are Communication Contexts? •What are the Goals of Communication Study? © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4 Communication is Essential • Studying communication can... •Improve the way you see yourself •Improve the way others see you •Increase what you know about human relationships Continued... © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Communication is Essential • Studying communication can... •Teach you important life skills •Help you exercise your constitutionally guaranteed freedom of speech •Help you succeed professionally © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Communication: the Process of Exchanging Meaning •Communication is the process by which meaning is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, and behavior. •Communication is considered a process because it is an activity, an exchange, or a set of behaviors that occurs over time--it is not an unchanging product. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Communication: the Process of Exchanging Meaning •Meaning is the shared understanding of the message constructed in the minds of the communicators. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Communication Principles • Communication Begins with the Self “Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he [or she] is the center.” Continued... © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Communication Principles • Communication Begins with the Self •Barnlund’s six-person concept: 1. How you view yourself 2. How you view the other person. 3 How you believe the other person views you. 4. How the other person views himself or herself. 5. How the other person views you. 6. How the other person believes you view him or her. Continued... © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Communication Principles Insert Figure 1.1 Here Figure 1.1: Barnlund’s “six people” involved in every two-person communication. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Communication Principles • Communication Involves Others •A dialogue is the act of taking part in a conversation, discussion, or negotiation. •The competent communicator considers the other person’s needs and expectations. •Communication begins with the self, as define largely by others, and involves others, as defined largely by the self. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 Communication Principles • Communication is Complicated •Communication involves choices about the multiple aspects of the message: --verbal, nonverbal, and behavioral aspects, --choices surrounding transmission channels used --characteristics of the speaker --relationship between speaker and audience --characteristics of the audience --the situation in which the communication occurs © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 Communication Principles • An Increased Quantity of Communication Does Not Increase the Quality of Communciation • “Communication is Inevitable, Irreversible, and Unrepeatable” © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Components of Communication • People •The source initiates the message •The receiver is the intended target of the message © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Components of Communication • Message •The message is the verbal and nonverbal form of the idea, thought, or feeling that one person (the source) wishes to communicate to another person or group of people (the receiver). © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Components of Communication • Channel •The channel is the means by which a message moves from the source to the receiver of the message. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Components of Communication • Feedback •Feedback is the receiver’s verbal and nonverbal response to the source’s message. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Components of Communication • Code •A code is a systematic arrangement of symbols used to create meanings in the mind of another person or persons. --Syntax are rules of arrangement of code. --Grammar are rules of function of code. • Verbal and nonverbal codes are the two types of codes used in communication. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Components of Communication • Encoding and Decoding •Encoding is the act of putting an idea or a thought into a code. •Decoding is assigning meaning to that idea or thought. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20 Components of Communication • Noise •Noise is any interference in the encoding and decoding processes that reduces the clarity of a message. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21 How Does Communication Occur? •The Action Model •The Interaction Model •The Transaction Model •The Constructivist Model © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22 How Does Communication Occur? Insert Figure 1.2 Here Figure 1.2: Perspectives on communication. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 What Are Communication Contexts? •Intrapersonal Communication •Interpersonal Communication •Public Communication •Mass Communication © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 What Are Communication Contexts? Insert Table 1.1 Here Table 1.1: Differences Among Communication Contexts. © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25 What Are The Goals of Communication Study? •Effective Communications •Ethical Communication •The Nine Commandments of Communication Ethics © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.