Chapter 7
Cultural Changes and Identity
Group 4
Gwun, Sangwoo│Hamin, Jean│Han, Yi Seul
Spanish Influences
- Coming of the Spaniards brought Western culture into Philippines
- Clothing, cooking, eating habits, forms of amusement, Spanish words and
Christianity were introduced to Filipinos.
Change in Filipino Names
- At first, Filipinos had no surnames but they were names were taken from their
natural appearance or natural event
- Spaniards influenced Filipinos named after a saint
- However it made confusions so not everyone changed their name
- Governor-General Narcisco Claveria issued a decree in 1349 allowing the
Filipinos to change their names. (Juan, Pedro, Sixto, Teofilo and surnames
such as Cruz, Reyes, Santos and etc.)
Intermarriage
- Spaniards were not allowed to intermarry with Filipinos
- Only Spanish men can marry Filipino woman
- The child of the marriage of a Filipino and a Spaniard was called Spanish
mestizo
- Today a child of Spanish and Filipino parents in called “mestizo”
Social Life
- The social life in any Christian community revolved around the church.
- Church was usually located in the best part of the town
- Beside the church was the municipal building called tribunal where the captain
held office
- Fiesta was always in honor of the town patron saints
San Augustin Church
Manila Cathedral
Amusement
- Cockfighting was the principal form of entertainment of the Filipino men
- Is a form of gambling
- It was not introduced by Spaniards.
Changes in Clothing
Filipino
http://www.amazon.com/Jacobson-Hat-CompanyDeluxe-Coolie/dp/B00KQF5JEG
Gobernadorcillo
Filipina
putong
http://pre-spanishphilippines.blogspot.com/
barong was
loosely worn by
the natives to
distinguish
themselves from
the foreigners
salakot with a silver top
http://steamcommunity.com/market/listings/570/Governor
's%20Salakot
golden-hilted cane
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog/cynthia/costumes/barong14.jpg
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/329818372688337559/
http://i181.photobucket.com/albums/x221/cyche/2-1.jpg
The Mestiza Dress
Worn by Filipino women married to Europeans
camisa.
↓
Worn by any woman who could afford to buy the
materials
↓
baksa.
saya.
Worn without baksa
http://bibliodyssey.blogspot.com/2008/
08/filipino-costumes.html
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/290341507196836516/
The Antillean Houses
A few changes made to the
houses of poor Filipino after the
coming of the Spaniards:
(The houses of rich Filipino)
made of nipa or
tiles (usually red)
Balcon where
family members sat
and looked at the
people passing by
made of narra,
ipil and molave
http://kerikite.com/native-huts/
Banggera where
clean cups, plates
and other things
are placed
http://www.hoppler.com.ph/blog/design-and-architecture/history-of-philippine-architecture
https://traveleronfoot.wordpress.com/tag/cebu/
The Position of Women
┌ men and women had equal rights
Before and After the Spanish conquest:
└ women’s rights were overpowered by their husbands
- Friars taught the women
- to be obedient towards their husbands
- to pray and behave in public
- on the usage of fork, spoon and knife in formal dinners
- However, they were forbidden to learn on
- how to work
- how to be independent
- how to think on their own
NOW, Filipino women are considered as the treasure of the home, and are in fact, in
charge of taking care of the income
A Common Religion
-
Filipinos did not accepted the Catholic
religion at first because they wanted to
return to the religion of their ancestors.
-
But majority of the Filipinos were
eventually converted to Catholic
religion due to how events like mass,
sacrament of baptism, marriage,
prayers for the dying were similar to
their ancient rituals.
-
Although Catholicism did not unify the
Filipinos, it did sustained their faith in
Bathala (the creator; Christian God)
http://www.mb.com.ph/street-senakulo/
Cenaculo / Senakulo -
tradition in the Philippines
that tells the story of Jesus Christ before and after he was
crucified in the cross. It was a kind of drama or a play that is
usually played in the provinces during the time of Holy Week
(Mandia, 2012).
Mandia, M. (2012, March 31). Senakulo in the Philippines [blog post]. Retrieved 2016 from
http://yukichan219-senakulointhephil.blogspot.com/2012/03/senakulo-101-at-first
-senakulo-was-in.html
Geographical identity
The colonization of the Philippines by the
Spaniards created geographical unity for the
country.
Spaniards organized central government through
the plaza complex and ruled the whole country
except the non-Christian area.
The influence of Spanish language
The Spanish administration did not teach their language to the Filipinos
Philippine language were enriched by the incorporation of Spanish words
Printing and Engraving
The Dominican missionaries introduced printing by
woodblocks.
Later, printing by typography was introduced.
During that time, many Catholicism books were
printed and its teaching spread widely.
Education
During the early period of Spanish rule, education was not available to the majority
of Filipinos.
However in the second half of the nineteenth century, primary and secondary
schools were opened to Filipino school-age children.
the Spaniards allowed the Filipino to enroll in schools and college where they were
taught Latin and Spanish, arithmetic, philosophy, theology, and others.
* The educational system under the Spaniards in the Philippines was stark different with other European
colonies’ educational system.
Impact of Cultural Changes
Impact or effects of the cultural changes brought by Spain in Philippines may be
described as positive and enrich, as well as, negative and divisive.
-
Separated and scattered kingdoms composed of barangays became one country.
-
Nonetheless an identifiable political unit of more than 7000 islands with a central government and
body of laws.
-
Christianity may have deepened and enriched the indigenous spirituality of faith of people.
-
But Its color processions, fiestas, and pilgrimages rendered them generally oblivious, if not passive, to
the difficult and worsening economic and political conditions around them.
-
Clothes, shoes, houses among others, may have advanced in style and comfort. Spanish and the
Filipino styles produce a beautiful mix.
-
However, this was only among the well-to-do Filipinos while the poor became noticeably different in
their drab and ordinary attire and poorly built and insufficiently lighted nipa huts or houses.