Stephan J. Bless
ARTICLES IN REFEREED PUBLICATIONS
I. Guzman, M.Iskander, S.Bless, Observations of projectile penetration into a transparent soil,
Mech Res Communications, 2015
M.Omidvar, J.D.Malioche, Z.Chen, M.Iskander, S.Bless, Visualizing Kinematics of Dynamic
Penetration in Granular Media Using transparent Soils, Geotechnical Testing J., Vol 38, No 5,
September 2015
M.Omidvar, J. Doreau Malioche, S.Bless, M.Iskander, Phenomenology of Rapid Projectile
Penetration into Granular Soils, to appear Int. J. Impact Eng’ng, 2015
R.Peden, M.Omidvar, S.Bless, M.Iskander, Photonic Doppler velocimetry for study of rapid
penetration into sand, Geotech Testing J., Vol 37, 139-150, 2014
I.L.Guzman, M.Iskander, S.Bless, W.Changguang, Terminal depth of penetration of spherical
projectiles in transparent granular media, Granular Matter 829-842 (DOI 10.1007/s10035-0140528-y) 2014
M. Omidvar, M.Iskander, S.Bless, Response of granular media to rapid penetration, Int’l .
Impact Eng’ng, Vol 66, 60-82, 2013
M.Omidvar, M.Iskander, S.Bless, Stress-strain behavior of sand at high strain rates, Int’l J.
Impact Eng’ng 49, 192-213, 2013
S. Bless, Using the Depth of Penetration Test to Design Transparent Armor, Experimental
Mechanics 53, 47-51, January 2013
R.Russell, S.Bless, M.Pantoya, Impact-Driven Thermite Reactions with Iodine Pentoxide and
Silver Oxide, J. Energetic Mat'ls, Vol 29, No 2, 175=192, 2011
S. J. Bless, “Damage in Glass from High-Velocity Impact,” pp 87-98, in, Materials
under Extreme Loadings, ed E.Buzaud, I.R.Ionescu, G.Z.Yoyiadjis, Wiley, 2010
J.Tolman, S.Satapathy, D.Landen, D.Barnette, R.Subramanian, S.Bless, Penetration
Mechanics of Long Segmented Rods, Proc. Hypervelocity Impact Symposium, Aprl 1115, 2010.
S.J. Bless,T.Chen, (2010) Impact Damage in Layered Glass, Int’l J. Fracture, 162,
151-158
S.J.Bless, J.Tolman, S.Levinson, I.Polyzois, G.J.Rodin, Comparison of Impacts on
Glass and Glass Ceramic Bars, Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, v 30, n 5, p
183-194, 2010, Advances in Ceramic Armor V - A Collection of Papers Presented at the 33rd
International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites
G. I. Kanel, S. J. Bless, A. S. Savinykh, S. V. Razorenov, T. Chen, and A. Rajendran,
“To the Mechanisms of Failure Wave,” J. Appl. Phys. 104, 093509, 2009
S.J.Bless, D.T.Berry, Penetration Resistance of Glass and a Glass Ceramic, 24 th Int’l
Symp Ballistics, Sept 22-26, New Orleans, LA, 2008
A. Dawson, S. J. Bless, S. J. Levinson, B. A. Pedersen, and S. Satapathy,
“Hypervelocity Penetration of Concrete,” Int’l J. Impact Engng, Vol. 35, 1484-1489,
2008
S. J. Bless, “Failure Waves and Their Possible Roles in Determining Penetration
Resistance of Glass,” International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 7: 400408, 2008 (IAT.P 0932).
S. J. Bless and B. A. Pedersen, “Fragments Produced when Tungsten Penetrates
Aluminum,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Volume 39, Number 2,
February 2008.
S.Bless, N.S.Brar, Failure Waves and Their Effects on Penetration Mechanics in Glass
and Ceramics, in ShockWave Science and Technology Reference Library, ed. Y.Horie,
Springer, 105-142, Berlin, 2007
S. Bless, K. Tarcza, R. Chau, and E. Taleff, “Dynamic Fracture of Tungsten Heavy Alloy
Projectiles,” Int’l J. Impact Engng, Vol. 33, 100-109, 2006
B. Pedersen and S. Bless, “Behind-Armor Debris from the Impact of Hypervelocity
Tungsten Penetrators,” Int’l J. Impact Engng, Vol. 33, 605-614, 2006
T.Ditmire, S.Bless, G.Dyer, A.Edens, W.Grigsby, G.Hays, K.Madison, A.Maltsev,
J.Colvin, M.J.Edwards, Overview of future directions in high energy-density and highfield science using ultra-intense lasers, Radiation Physics and Chemistry Vol 70, Issues
4-5, 535-552, July-August 2004
S. Bless, D. Gee, and B. Pedersen, “Yaw Degradation of Hypervelocity Long Rods
Striking Space-Containing Steel Targets.” Int. J. Impact Engng, Vol. 29, 117-126, 2003.
S. Satapathy, C. Persad, R. Monfredo Gee, and S. Bless, "Gouging Induced Fractures
in Tungsten Long Rods." Int. J. Impact Engng, Vol. 29, 621-630, 2003.
C.H.M.Simha, S.J.Bless, A.Bedford, Computational Modeling of the Penetration
Response of a High Purity Ceramic, Int. J. Impact Engng, Vol 27, 65-86,2002
S.Bless, Using Bar Impact to Determine Dynamic Properties of Ceramics, Ceramic
Armor Materials by Design, ed. J.W.McCauley et al, Am Cer Soc., 2002
B.A.Pedersen, S.J.Bless, J.Cazamias, Hypervelocity Jacketed Penetrators, Int. J.
Impact Engng, 26, 603-612, 2001
S.Satapathy, S.Bless, Response of Long Rods to Lateral Pressure Pulses: Numerical
Evaluation in DYNA-3D, Int. J. Impact Engng, 2001
S.Satapathy, S.Bless, Deep Punching PMMA, Exp. Mech.40, 31-38, 2000
S.Satapathy, S.Bless, Cavity Expansion Resistance of Brittle Materials Obeying a TwoCurve Pressure Shear Behavior, 4004-4012, J. Appl. Phys. 88, (2000).
M-Y Lee, S.Bless, Cavity Models for Solid and Hollow Projectiles, Int. J. Impact Engng,
Vol. 21, 881-894, 1999
S.Bless, S. Satapathy, M.Normandia, Transverse Loads Associated with Penetration of
Yawed Projectiles, Int. J. Impact Engng, 23, 77-86, 1999
S.J.Bless, D.L.Jurick, Design for Multihit Capability, Int. J. Impact Engng, Vol. 21, 905908, 1999
D. Littlefield, R.Garcia, S.Bless, The Effect of Offset on the Penetration of Segmented
Penetrators, Int. J. Impact Engng, Vol 23, 547-560,1999
E.L.Zilberbrand, A.S.Vlasov, J.U.Cazamias, S.J.Bless, A.A.Kozhushko, Failure Wave
Effects in hypervelocity Penetration, Int. J. Impact Engng, 23, 995-1001, 1999
D.L.Littlefield, C.E.Anderson, Jr., S.J.Bless, The Penetration of Asymmetric Long-Rod
Projectiles at 2.6 km/s, Int. J. Impact Engng., 21, 625-644, 1998
S.Satapathy, A.Bedford, S.Bless, Behavior of a Yawed Projectile Penetrating a Thin
Plate, Int J. Impact Engng Vol. 21, 597-608, 1998
S.Satapathy and S.Bless, Calculation of penetration resistance of brittle materials using
spherical cavity expansion analysis, Mech. Materials 23, 323-330, 1996
J.U. Cazamias, S.J.Bless, Scaling Effects in Penetration: A Taylor Test Approach, J.
Physics C3, 115-120, 1997
S.J.Bless, W.Gooch, S.Satapathy, J.Campos, M.Lee, Penetration Resistance of Ti and
Ultra-hard Steel at Elevated Velocities, J. Impact Engng, 20, 121-130, 1997
D.L.Littlefield, C.E.Anderson Jr., Y.Partom, S.J.Bless, The Penetration of Steel Targets
Finite in Radial Extent, Int. J. Impact Engng, 20, 49-62, 1997
C.E.Anderson, Jr., J.D.Walker, S.J.Bless, Y.Partom, On the L/D effect for long-rod
penetrators, Int. J. Impact Engng, 18, 247-264, 1996
R.Subramanian, D.Berry, J.Cazamias, S.J.Bless, Reverse Impact Experiments Against
Tungsten Rods and Results for Aluminum Penetration Between 1.5 and 4.2 km/s, Int. J.
Impact Engng 17, 807-816, 1995.
R.Subramanian, S.J.Bless, Penetration of Semi-Infinite AD995 Alumina Targets by
Tungsten Long Rod Penetrators from 1.5 to 3.5 km/s, Int J. Impact Engng 17, 817-824,
1995
S.J.Bless, A.M.Rajendran, Initiation and Propagation of Damage Caused by Impact on
Brittle Materials, in Fracture and Fragmentation of Brittle Solids, ed L.Davison &
D.E.Grady, Springer-Verlag, 1994
S.J.Bless, C.E.Anderson Jr., Penetration of Hard Layers by Hypervelocity Rod
Projectiles, Int. J. Impact Engng 85-94, 1993.
A.T.Zehnder, A.C.Ramamurthy, S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, Stone impact damage to
automotive paint finishes: measurement of temperature rise due to impact, Int. J.
Impact Engng, Vol. 13, 133-144, 1993
A.C.Ramamurthy, W.I.Lorenzen, S.J.Bless, Stone Impact Damage to Automotive Paint
Finishes: An Introduction to Impact Physics and Impact Induced Corrosion, Prog. in
Organic Coatings, Vol 25, 43-71,1993.
A.C.Ramamurthy, W.Lorenzen, S.Bless, Impact Induced Corrosion: Electrochemical
impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a Post Impact Test Method, Proc. Am. Chem. Soc.
Div. Polymeric Mat'ls: Science & Engng, Vol. 67, 114-115, 1992
A.T. Zehnder, A.C.Ramamurthy, S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, Temperature Rise in Automotive
Paint Coatings Due to Stone Impact, Proc. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polymeric Mat'ls:
Science & Engng, Vol. 67, 116-117, 1992
S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, G.Kanel, Z.Rosenberg, Failure Waves in Glass, J. Am. Ceram.
Soc. 75, 1002-1004, 1992.
N.S.Brar, Z.Rosenberg, S.J.Bless, Applying Steinberg's Model to the Hugoniot Elastic
Limit of porous boron carbide, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 7890-7891, 1991
S.J.Bless, Bumper Debris Cloud Velocities Estimated by Simple Shock Calculations, J.
de Physique IV, C3-903..C3-908, 1991
N.S. Brar, Z. Rosenberg, and S.J. Bless, Spall Strength and Failure Waves in Glass, J.
de Physique IV, C3-639 - C3 -644, 1991.
Z.Rosenberg, S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, On the influence of the loss of shear strength on the
ballistic performance of brittle solids, Int'l J. Impact Engng, 9, 45-50, 1990
Lopatin, S. Bless, and N. Brar, "Dynamic Unloading Behavior of Soda Lime Glass," J.
Applied Physics, Vol. 66, pp 593-595, 1989.
Z.Rosenberg, N.S.Brar, S.J.Bless, Elastic precursor decay in ceramics as determined
with manganin stress gauges, J. Physique C3, 707-712, September 1988
N.S. Brar, S.J. Bless, Z. Rosenberg, "Brittle Failure of Ceramic Rods Under Dynamic
Compression, J.Physique C3. 607-612, September 1988
S.J.Bless, Z.Rosenberg, B.Yoon, Hypervelocity Penetration of
Ceramics, Int. J. Impact Engng 5, 165-171, 1987
Z.Rosenberg, S.J.Bless, J.P.Gallagher, A Model for Hydrodynamic Ram Failure Based
on Fracture Mechanics Analysis, Int. J. Impact Engng. Vol. 6, 51-62, 1987
Z. Rosenberg, D. Yaziv, Y. Yeshurun, and S.J. Bless, "Shear Strength of Shock-Loaded
Alumina as Determined with Longitudinal and Transverse Manganin Gauges," J. Appl.
Phys., v. 62, pp. 1120-1122, 1987.
Z.Rosenberg and S.J.Bless, On the Steady-Wave Characteristics in Shock-Loaded
Steel Specimens, J. Appl. Phys., Vol 59, 1384, 1986
Z. Rosenberg, D. Dawicke, E. Strader, and S. Bless, "A New Technique for Heating
Specimens Using Induction-Coil Heaters," Exp. Mech., Vol. 29, No. 3, 275-278, 1986.
Z. Rosenberg and S. Bless, "On the Possibility of Measuring Shear Waves in Oblique
Impact Experiments with In-Material Piezoresistance Gauges," J. Appl. Phys., v. 59,
pp. 3928-3930, 1986.
Z. Rosenberg and S.J. Bless, "Determination of Dynamic Yield Strengths with
Embedded Manganin Gauges in Plate-Impact and Long-Rod Experiments," Exp.
Mech., Vol. 26, 279-282, September 1986.
A.M.Rajendran and S. J. Bless, "Determination of Tensile Flow Stress Beyond Necking
at Very High Strain Rate," Exp. Mech., v. 26, pp. 279-282, 1986.
A.M. Rajendran, S.J. Bless, and D.S. Dawicke, "Evaluation of Bodner-Partom Model
Parameters at High Strain Rate," J. Engng. Mat'ls. Tech., v. 108, pp. 75-80, January
1986.
T.Nicholas, S.J.Bless, High Strain Rate Tension Testing, in Metals Handbook Ninth
Edition, Vol. 8, Mechanical Testing, 208-214, 1985
D. Yaziv, S.J. Bless, and Z. Rosenberg, "Study of Spall and Recompaction Using a
Double-Impact Technique," J. Appl. Phys., 58, 3415-3418, 1985.
Z. Rosenberg, D. Yaziv, and S. Bless, "Spall Strength of Shock Loaded Glass", J. Appl.
Phys., v. 58, p. 3249, 1985.
L.A. Cross, S.J. Bless, A.M. Rajendran, E.A. Strader and D.S. Dawicke, "New
Technique to Investigate Necking in a Tensile Hopkinson Bar," Exp. Mech. 24, 184-186,
September 1984.
Z. Rosenberg and S.J. Bless, "Determination of Dynamic Yield Strengths with
Embedded Manganin Gauges in Plate- Impact and Long-Rod Experiments," Exp.
Mech., V. 26, pp. 184-186, Sept. 1984.
S. Bless and J. Barber, "Bending Waves in Yawed Rod Impacts," J. of Ballistics, Vol. 2,
pp 281-298, 1978.
S. Bless, J. Barber, R. Bertke, and H. Swift, "Penetration Mechanics of Yawed Rods",
Int. J. Engng. Sci., v. 16, p. 829, 1978.
S.J.Bless, T.Ahrens, Measurements of the Longitudinal Modulus of Pierre Clay Shale at
Varying Strain Rates, Geophys. Vol. 42, 34-4-, 1977
S.J.Bless, T.Ahrens, Measurement of Release Wave Speed in Shock Compressed
Polycrystalline Alumina and Aluminum, J. Geophys. Res. Vol. 81, 1935-42, 1976
S.J.Bless, Drop Transfer in Short Circuit Welding, J. Phys. D, Vol. I, 526-539, 1974
S.J.Bless, Production of High Pressures by a Capacitor Discharge Powered Linear
Magnetic Pinch, J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 43, 1580-1585, 1972
PUBLICATIONS IN CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
S. Bless, B.Peden, I.Guzman, M.Omidvar, Poncelet Coefficients of Granular Media,
paper 528, Society for Experimental Mechanics Proc. 2013 Annual Conf. and
Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Lombard, Ill, June 2-5, 2013
R.Peden, S.Bless,M.Iskander, Penetration of Granular Materials: New Experimental
Techniques, Proc 27th Int’l Symp Ballistics, ed. M. Wichert, M. Salk, Freiburg, Germany
22-26 April 2013.
J.Tolman, J.McDonald, Behind-Armor Fragments from Tungsten Rods Penetrating
Steel, Hypervelocity Impact Symp, Baltimore, MD, September 2012.
S.Bless, J.Tolman, A.Betros, J.McDonald, Behind-Armor Debris at Two Velocities and
Two Diameters, ARL 2012 Research in Ballistics Protection Technologies Workshop,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 1-3 May 2012
R.Russell, S.Bless, A.Blinkova, T.Chen, Sporicidal Effects of Iodine-Oxide Thermite
Reaction Products, 26th Int’l Symp of Ballistics, Miami, FL, Sept 12-16, 2011
S.J.Bless, W.Cooper, K.Watanabe, Penetration of Rigid Rods into Sand, Int’l Symp on
Ballistics, Maimi, FL, Sept 12-15, 2011
J.Tolman, D.Barnette, S.Bless, G.Itz, R.Subramanian, Penetration Efficiency of Long
Segmented Rods with Segments of L/D<1, Joint Classified Bombs/Warheads &
Ballistics Symp, Monterey CAL, 8-11 August 2011
S.Bless, W.Cooper, K.Watanabi, R.Peden, Deceleration of Projectiles in Sand, Shock
Compression of Condensed Matter – 2011, Chicago, Ill, June 27-July 1, 2011.
R.Russell, S.Bless, A.Blinkova, T.Chen, Sporicidal Effects of Iodine-Oxide Thermite
Reaction Products, Shock Compression of Condensed Matter – 2011, Chicago, Ill,
June 27-July 1, 2011.
Z.Stone, S.Bless, J.Tolman, J.McDonald, S.Levinson, R.Hanna, X-Ray Tomography to
Measure Size of Fragmenets from Peneetration of High-Velocity Tungsten Rods,
S. J. Bless, “Damage in Glass from High-Velocity Impact,” Invited paper at the 2nd
France-US Conference by the International Center for Applied Computational
Mechanics (ICACM), Materials under Extreme Loadings Application to Penetration and
Impact, 2010.
A.Dawson, S.Satapathy, S.Bless, I.Polyzois, G.Rodin, Modeling impact behavior of
glass with peridynamics, Shock Compression of Condensed Matter- 2009, American
Physical Society
S.J.Bless, R.Russell, D.Berry, S.Levinson, Damage Evolution in Ballistic Impact of
Glass Plates, Shock Compression of Condensed Matter- 2009, American Physical
Society
S.Bless, D.Berry, B.Pedersen, W.Lawhorn, Sand Penetration by High Speed Projectiles, 16th
American Physical Society (APS) Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed
Matter, June 28-July 3, 2009, Nashville, TN
S. Bless, J, S. Levinson, and J. Nguyen, “Improved Bar Impact Tests using a Photonic Doppler
Velocimeter,” 16th American Physical Society (APS) Topical Conference on Shock
Compression of Condensed Matter, June 28-July 3, 2009, Nashville, TN
S.Bless, J.Tolman, Impact Strength of Glass and Glass Ceramic, 16th American Physical
Society (APS) Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, June 28-July 3,
2009, Nashville, TN
Tolman, J., S.Bless, S.Levinson, (2009), Dynamic Strength Measurements on
Transparent Materials using Bar Impact, Society of Experimental Mechanics Annual
Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, June 1-4, 2009
R. Russell, S. J. Bless, and B. Pedersen, "Investigation of New Reactive Materials for
Electromagnetic Gun-Launched Projectiles," Combined Warheads and Ballistics
Classified Symposium (WBCS), February 11-14, 2008, Monterey, California. (IAT-P0941)
S. J. Bless and D. Berry, “Penetration Resistance of Glass and a Glass Ceramic,” Proc 24th
International Symposium on Ballistics, September 22–26, 2008, New Orleans, Louisiana
D. T. Berry and S. J. Bless, “Effects of Impact Damage on Glass Laminate Armor,”
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) 5 th Biennial National Forum
on Weapon System Effectiveness (WSE), October 16–18, 2007, Huntsville, Alabama
(available DTIC ADM202414)
B. A. Pedersen and S. J. Bless, “Behind-Armor Debris from Unconventional
Hypervelocity Penetrators,” presented at the Classified Seminar on Applications of
Electromagnetic Launch Technology (CEML), May 2–4, 2007, Washington, DC
S. J. Bless and B. A. Pedersen, “Novel Kinetic Energy Penetrators for Hypervelocity
Railguns,” presented at the Classified Seminar on Applications of Electromagnetic
Launch Technology (CEML), May 2–4, 2007
S. J. Bless, T. Chen, and R. Russell, “Impact on Glass Laminates,” Proc. 23rd
International Symposium on Ballistics (ISB), April 16–20, 2007, Tarragona, Spain
B. A. Pedersen and S. J. Bless, “The Effect of Penetrator Diameter on Behind-Armor
Debris from Hypervelocity Impact of Aluminum Targets,” presented at the 23 rd
International Symposium on Ballistics (ISB), April 16–20, 2007, Tarragona, Spain
(IAT.P 0870).
P.Zeinert, S.Bless, T.Beno, Comminuted Particles Originating from Catastrophic Failure
of a Glass Bar, Shock Compression of Condensed Matter-2005, M.D.Furnish, M.Elert,
T.P.Russell, C.T.White eds, AIP Conference Proceedings 845,900-902 , AIP, Melville,
NY 2007
T. Beno, S.Bless, S.Nichols, New Phenomena Observed in Plate Impacts onto Alumina
Bars, Proc 2005 APS Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed
Matter, 2006
S.Bless and R.Chau, Tensile Failure of Tungsten Alloys, Proc 2005 APS Topical
Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, 2006
S. Bless, K. Tarcza, M. Huerta, R. Russell, E. Taleff, “Deflection and Fracture of
Tungsten Rods by Yawed Impact,” 22nd International Symposium on Ballistics (ISB),
November 14–18, 2005, Vancouver, BC, Canada
D.Littlefield, J.Hodge, A.Short, S.Bless, B.Pedersen, Penetration Mechanisms of RodTube Projectiles (U), 2005 Classified Ballistics Symp, Monterey CA, Aug 15-18, 2005
S.Levinson, S.Bless, W.Reinecke, D.Wilson, K.Schroder, Enchancement of
Hypervelocity Blast Effects by Use of Reactive Payloads, 4th Biennial National Forum
on Weapon System Effectiveness, AIAA, Austin Tx, 18-20 October, 2005 (Available
DTIC)
S.J.Bless, Failure Waves and Their Possible Roles in Determining the Penetration
Resistance of Glass, 46th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference on
Advances and Needs in Multi-Spectral Transparent Materials Technology, May 6-12,
St. Michaels, MD, 2005
S.Bless, B.Pedersen, D.Gee, The Effect of Penetrator Geometry on Interactions with
Explosive Reactive Armor, 2005 Warheads and Ballistics Classified Symp., Monterey,
CA, Aug 15-18, 2005.
B.Pederson, S.Bless, Constant Kinetic Energy Penetrator Predictions and Performance
Against Welded Turret Armor over a Wide Velocity Range, 2005 Warheads and
Ballistics Classified Symp., Monterey, CA, Aug 15-18, 2005.
J.Hodge, D.Littelfield, S.Bless, B.Pedersen, Terminal Ballistics of Rod-Tube Extending
Penetrators, AIAA 45h Biennial National Forum on Weapons Systems Effectiveness,
Austin TX, Oct 18-20, 2005
B.Pedersen, S.Bless, D.Littlefield, J.Hodge, Extending Penetrator Performance Against
Complex Basal Armors over a Wide Velocity Range, 2004 Warheads and Ballistics
Classified Symposium, August 10-12, 2004, Monterey, CA.
K.Tarcza, S.J.Bless, E.Taleff, Failure of Tungsten Heavy Alloys Subjected to Dynamic
Transverse Loading, 24th Army Science Conference (DTIC ADM001736), Orlanda FL,
2004
J.L.Hodge, D..Littlefield, A.Short, S.Bless, B.Pederson, Novel Kinetic Energy
Penetrators for Electromagnetic Guns, 24th Army Science Conference, Orlando FL, 29
Nov-1 Dec, 2004
S.Bless, B.Pedersen, Novel Kinetic Energy Penetrators Striking Complex Targets, Joint
Bombs and Warheads and Classified Ballistics Symposium, June 1-5, Monterey CA,
2003, Proceedings thereof, 2003.
K.R.Tarcza, R.T.Russell, D.T.Fuentes, S.J.Bless, E.M.Taleff, Transverse Loading of
Tungsten Alloy Rods via Reverse Ballistic Experiments, SEM Annual Conf on
Experimental and Applied Mechanics, June 2-4, Charlotte NC, 2003
R.Russell, K.Tarcza, H.Hart, S.J.Bless, D.Fuentes, Reverse Ballistic Experiment
Demonstrates Varying Performance of Long Rod Penetrators, 54 th Meeting Aeroballistic
Range Association, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 2003
B.Pedersen and S.Bless, Jacketed Long Rod Penetration at Hypervelocity, Classified
Ballistics Symposium, June 18-20, Colorado Springs, 2002, Proceedings thereof, 2003.
G.I.Kanel, S.Bless, Compressive Fracture of Brittle Solids under Shock-Wave Loading,
S.Bless, Ceramic Armor Materials by Design, ed. J.W.McCauley et al, Am Cer Soc.,
2002
R.Russell, S.Bless, T.Beno, Impact Induced Failure Phenomenology in Homalite Bars,
Shock Compression of Condensed Matter-2001, American Institute of Physics, 2002
J.U.Cazamias, B.Reinhart, C.Konrad, L.C.Chhabildas, S.Bless, Bar Impact Tests on
Alumina (AD995), Shock Compression of Condensed Matter-2001, American Institute
of Physics, 2002.
S.J.Bless, M.Erengil, S.Satapaty, B.Pedersen, The Effect of a Missile Body on the
Performance of a Long Rod Penetrator (U), (paper 2-09EF), Proc 4th Joint Classified
Symp, 51st Bomb & Warhead Symp with 7th Classified Ballistics Symp, Naval War
College, RI, June 24-29, 2001, Proceedings thereof, 2002
S.Bless, W.Reinecke, D.Barnette, J.Campos, B.Pedersen, Geometric Effects on the
Performance of an Extending Hypervelocity Penetrator, (paper 2-08GE), Proc 4th Joint
Classified Symp, 51st Bomb & Warhead Symp with 7th Classified Ballistics Symp, Naval
War College, RI, June 24-29, 2001, Proceedings thereof, 2002
B.Pedersen, S.Bless, R.Subramanian, Hypervelocity Rods Attacking SNR Targets (U),
(paper 3-02AT) Proc 4th Joint Classified Symp, 51st Bomb & Warhead Symp with 7th
Classified Ballistics Symp, Naval War College, RI, June 24-29, 2001. Proceedings
thereof, 2002
S. Bless and J. Cazamias, “Using the Penetration-Velocity Relationship to Correct for
Variations in Target Hardness.” 12th APS Topical Conference, Shock Compression on
Condensed Matter, Atlanta, Georgia, June 24-29, 2001. (IAT.P 0487)
R.Subramanian, S.J.Bless, Reference Correlations for Tungsten Long Rods Striking
Semi-Infinite Steel Targets, 19th Int’l Symp. Ballistics, Interlaken, Switzerland, 7-11 May
2001
J.Campos, W.Reinecke, S.Bless, A Parameter that Combines the Effects of Bend and
Angle of Attack on Penetration Degradation of Long Rods, 19 th Int’l Symp. Ballistics,
Interlaken, Switzerland, 7-11 May 2001 (IAT.P 0448)
J.Cazamias, P.S.Fiske, S.J.Bless, Sound Speeds of Post-Failure Wave Glass,
EXPLOMET 2000 Int’l Conf. On Fundamental Issues and Appl. Shock-Wave & High
Strain-Rate Phenomena, Albuquerque, NM June 19-23, 2000
J.Cazamias, S.Bless, P.Fiske, Shock Properties of AlON, EXPLOMET 2000 Int’l Conf.
On Fundamental Issues and Appl. Shock-Wave & High Strain-Rate Phenomena,
Albuquerque, NM June 19-23, 2000
S.Satapathy, J.Cazamias, S.Bless, R.M.Gee, L.Meyer, N.Brar, Dynamic Strength of
Tungsten-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys, Shock Compr of Condensed Matter – 1999, ed.
M.D.Furnish, L.C.Chhabildas, R.S.Hixson, 2000
V.Chan, S.Bless, D.Berry, S.Satapathy, T.Moon, Resistance to Dynamic Fracture of
Tungsten Alloys Determined by a New Test Technique, 18th Int'l Ballistics Symp., San
Antonio, TX, November 1999
S.Satapathy, S.Bless, S.Ivanov, The Effects of Failure Waves on Penetration
Resistance of Glass, 18th Int'l Ballistics Symp., San Antonio, TX, November 1999
S.J.Bless, J.Campos, R.Subramanian, M.Normandia, Reverse Impact Yawed Rods
Perforating Oblique Plates, 18th Int'l Ballistics Symp., San Antonio, TX, November
1999
J.U.Cazamias, S.J.Bless, Bar Impact Tests on Transparent Materials, 18th International
Symp. Ballistics, San Antonio, TX, November 1999.
C.H.M. Simha, S.J.Bless, A.Bedford, What is the Peak Stress in the Ceramic Bar
Impact Experiment?, Shock Compression of Condensed Matter – 1999, ed.
M.D.Furnish, L.C.Chhabildas, R.S.Hixson, Am Institute of Physics, 615-618, 2000
J.U.Cazamias, S.J.Bless, C.H.M.Simha, T.M.Hartnett, Dynamic Failure of a
Transparent polycrystalline Ceramic, Proc. Am. Phys Soc. Conf. Shock Compression of
Condensed Matter, Snowbird, Utah, June 28-July 2, 1999
S.J.Bless, M.Normandia, B.Petersen, Effect of T/D Ratio on Penetration of Long Rods
with Moving Plates, Proc. 1999 Joint Classified Ballistics Symp., Monterey, CA, 3-6 May
1999
M.J.Normandia, B.Pedersen, S.J.Bless, J.Campos, Performance of Advanced Reactive
Armor Targets Against High-Energy, Long-Rod Penetrators (U), , Proc. 1999 Joint
Classified Ballistics Symp., Monterey, CA, 3-6 May 1999
W.G.Reinecke, D.Barnette, S.J.Bless, J.Campos, Tongue-in-Groove Extending Rod
(TIGER) Hypervelocity Penetrator, Proc. 1999 Joint Classified Ballistics Symp.,
Monterey, CA, 3-6 May 1999
S.Bless, C.Tvrdik, T.Hill, Analysis of 1/3-Scale Behind-Armor Debris at Super-Ordnance
and Hypervelocity, Proc. 1999 Joint Classified Ballistics Symp., Monterey, CA, 3-6 May
1999
S.Bless, S.Satapathy, H.Simha, An Empirical Model for Yawed Rod Penetration, 15th
U.S.Army Symp. On Solid Mech., Myrtle Beach, SC, 12-14 April 1999
S.Bless, S.Satapathy, M.Normandia, Projectile Damage in Yawed Impacts, Int'l Conf.
On Computational Engng. Science, Atlanta, GA, 6-9 October 1998
S.Bless, M.Normandia, G. Silsby, Hypervelocity Long Rod Penetrators Impacting and
Advanced Reactive Armor Target, . Proc. 1998 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium
Classified Proceedings, November, 1998
Kiehne, S.Bless, M.Normandia, Experimental Observations with Scaled ERA Targets,
Proc. 1998 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium Classified Proceedings, November, 1998
J.U.Cazamias, S.J.Bless, Scaling Behavior in Penetration: High Strain Rate Effects on
Tungsten Heavy Alloy (WHA) and Armor Steel (RHA), in Structures Under Extreme
Loading Conditions, ed. H.S.Levine, PVP-Vol. 361, 1-8, 1998
S.J.Bless, M.J.Normandia, Damage to Long Rods and Novel Kinetic energy
Penetrators Caused by Traversing ERA Flyer Plates, Proc. 9th Annual TARDEC Ground
Vehicle Surv. Symp., Monterey CA, Mar. 31-Apr. 2, 1998
S.Bless, M.Normandia, G.Silsby, Hypervelocity Long Rod Penetrator Impacting an
Advanced Energetic Reactive Armor Target, 1998 Hypervelocity Impact Symp., Proc.
Classified Session, Huntsville AL, Novermber 1998
T.Kiehne, S.Bless, M.Normandia, Experimental Observations for Scaled ERA Targets,
1998 Hypervelocity Impact Symp., Proc. Classified Session, Huntsville AL, November
1998
M.Normandia, S.Bless, Response of a Hypervelocity Long Rod Penetrator Impacting
with a Single, Moving Reactive Armor Flyer Plate (U), 1998 Hypervelocity Impact
Symp., Proc. Classified Session, Huntsville AL, November 1998
G.I.Kanel, S.V.Razorenov, A.V.Utkin, S.N.Dudin, V.B.Mintsev, S.Bless, C.H.M.Simha,
Investigations of Mechanic Properties of Ceramic Using Axi-Symmetrical Shock
Waves, Shock Compression-1997, S.C.Schmidt, D.P.Dandekar, J.W.Forbes eds.,
1998.
M.Lee, S.J.Bless, A Discreet Impact Model for Effect of Yaw Angle on Penetration by
Rod Projectiles, 1997 Conf. Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Amherst, MA
1997
S.Bless, S.Satapathy, Penetration of Thick Targets by Yawed Long Rods, Proc. 1997
Conference Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Am Phys Soc. 1998.
C.E.Anderson Jr., S.J.Bless, T.R.Sharon, S.Satapathy, M.J.Normandia, Investigation of
Yawed Impact into a Finite Target, Proc. 1997 Conf. Shock Compression of Condensed
Matter, Amherst, MA 1997
W. Huang, L. E. Murr, C-S. Niou, N. L. Rupert, F. I. Grace, and S. J. Bless ,
Microstructural Observations and Comparison for Some Rod-Penetrated Metal and
Alloy Targets 16th International Symposium on Ballistics (ISB), September 23-28, 1996,
San Francisco, California
M.Lee and S.J.Bless, A Two-Stage Model for Cavity Diameter in a Thick Target, Proc.
14th Army Symp. Solid Mechanics., Myrtle Beach, SC, 225-232, October 1996
W.Huang, L.E.Murr, C-S.Niou, N.L.Rupert, F.I.Grace, S.J.Bless, Microstructural
Observations and Comparison for some Rod-Penetrated Metal and Alloy Targets, Int’l
Ballistics Symp., San Francisco, CA, September,1996.
T.J.Holmquist, F.P.Stecher, G.R.Johnson, M.J.Normandia, S.J.Bless, Computational
Results and Test Data for a Kinetic Energy Penetrator Impacting a Reactive Armor
Target at 2550 m/s (U), Hypervelocity Impact Symp. (Classified Session), St. Louis,
France, October 1996
S.J.Bless, S.Satapathy, H-C Simha, Impact and Penetration of Alumina, in Structures
Under Shock and Impact IV, N.Jones, C.A.Brebbia, A.J.Watson eds, 1996
S.Bless, R.Becker, S.Schneider, Penetrator Efficiency of Enhanced Fineness Ratio
Hypervelocity Projectiles, 3rd Ballistics Symp. on Classified and Controlled Topics, Nov.
14-15, Laurel Md. 1995 (available DTIC)
M.Normandia, S.J.Bless, P.Woolsey, C.Hamburger, Hypervelocity Impact Experiments
of DOP and TCA SiC-B Ceramic Armor, Third Ballistics Symp. on Classified and
Conrolled Topics, Laurel, MD, 14-15 November, 1995
C.E.Anderson Jr., Stephan J. Bless, T.R.Sharron, R.Subramanian, .Behind Armor
Debris Comparisons at Ordnance and Hypervelocities, Proc. TARDEC Combat Vehicle
Survivability Symp., Monterey CA, 28-30 March, 1995.
W.Huang, L.E.Murr, C-S Niou, N.L.Rupert, S.J.Bless, Metallurgical Studies of
Deformation and Failure Patterns from Targets Impacted by Long-Rod Penetrators,
Metallurgical and Materials Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate
Phenomena, L. E. Murr, K. P. Staudhammer, and M. A. Meyers, editors. London:
Elsevier, 1995
C.H.M.Simha, S.J.Bless N.S.Brar, Dynamic Failure of AD-99.5 Alumina, Metallurgical
and Materials Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena, L.E.Murr,
K.P.Staudhammer, M.A.Meyers, eds, Elsevier, 1995
S.J.Bless, R.Subramanian, Y.Partom, N.Lynch, Effects of Radial Confinement on the
Penetration Resistance of Thick Ceramic Tiles, S.J.Bless, 15th Int’l Symp Ballistics,
Jerusalem, Israel, 21-24 May, 1995
S.J.Bless, D.L.Littlefield, C.E.Anderson, N.S.Brar, The Penetration of Non-Circular
Cross-Section Penetrators, 15th Int’l Symp Ballistics, Jerusalem, Israel, 21-24 May,
1995
S.J.Bless, Penetration Mechanics of Non-Circular Rods, Shock Compression of
Condensed Matter - 1995, American Physical Society, 1996.
S. Satapathy, S.Bless, Cavity Expansion Analysis of Brittle Materials, Proc.
International Conference on Metallurgical and Materials Applications of Shock Wave
and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena, ed. L.E.Murr, K.P.Staudhammer, M.A.Meyers,
Elsevier, 1995
H.Song, S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, C.H.Simha, S.D.Jang, Shock Properties of Al 2O3 and
ZrO2 Ceramics, HIGH -PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 1993, Ed.
S.C.Schmidt, J.W.Shaner, G.A.Samara, M.Ross, 737-740, American Inst. of Physics,
1994
C.E.Anderson Jr., S.J.Bless, D.Littlefield, R.Subramanian, Predictions of Large Scale
Impact Experiments on Steel Targets, 14th Int'l Symp Ballistics, Quebec, Canada, 2629 September, 1993
S.J.Bless, R.Subramanian, C.E.Anderson Jr., D.Littlefield, Prediction of Large Scale
High Velocity Penetration Experiments on Ceramic Armor, Proc. 13th Army Symp. Solid
Mechanics, Plymouth MA, 17-19 August, p9-22, 1993
S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, Impact Induced Fracture of Glass Bars, High Pressure Science
and Technology - 1993, ed. E. Schmidt, Institute of Physics, 1813-1817,1993
A.C.Ramamurthy, S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, Stresses in painted subsrates caused by stone
impact, Joint AIRAPT/APS Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter,
Colorado Springs, CO, June 28-July1, 1993, Elsevier, 1994
C.E.Anderson Jr., D.L.Littlefield, N.W.Blaylock, S.J.Bless, R.Subramanian, The
Penetration performance of short L/D projectiles, Joint AIRAPT/APS Conference on
Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Colorado Springs, CO, June 28-July 1,
1993, Elsevier, 1994
S.J.Bless, R.Subramanian, D.Orphal, T.Kiehne, R.Watt, Evaluation of a Ceramic Armor
Target with Long Rods at Ordnance Velocity and Hypervelocity, 1993 TACOM Armored
Vehicle Survivability Conference, Gaithersburg, MD, March 31-April 2, 1993.
A.M. Rajendran, A.M.; S.J.Bless, D.J.Grove, Modeling of dynamic fracture in a solid
cone target, : Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 1991, Editor(s): Schmidt,
S.C.; Dick, R.D.; Forbes, J.W.; Tasker, D.G, North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands,
1992
S.J.Bless, S.Hanchak, D.Eylon, B.Scott, M.Alme, Observations of Extended Interface
Dwell on Ceramics Struck by Tungsten Alloy Penetrators, Second Ballistics Symp. on
Classified Topics, Laural, MD, October 26-29, 1992
S.J.Bless, M.Benyami, L.S.Apgar, D.Eylon, Impenetrable Ceramic Targets Struck by
High Velocity Tungsten Long Rods, Proc. Conf. Structures Under Shock and Impact
SUSI 92, Portsmouth UK, 16-18 June 1992
Z. Rosenberg, S.J. Bless, Y. Yeshurun, and N.S. Brar, "On the Relation Between the
Penetration Resistance of Ceramics and Their Dynamic Properties," Proceedings, 6th
International Conference on Mechanical Behavior of Material, ICM 6, 29 July - 2 August
1991, Kyoto, Japan, Pergamon Press, 1991.
S.Wise, S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, Shock-compression of chemically bonded ceramics, 1991
APS Topical Conf. on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Williamsburg VA,
June 1991.
S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, Load/unload hysteresis in ceramics measured by a reverberation
technique, 1991 APS Topical Conf. on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter,
Williamsburg VA, June 1991.
N.S.Brar, Z.Rosenberg, S.J.Bless, Shock Hugoniot of porous and fully dense B4C,
1991 APS Topical Conf. on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Williamsburg
VA, June 1991.
Z.Rosenberg, N.S.Brar, S.J.Bless, Shear strength of ceramics under shock loading and
unloading measured by transverse manganin gauges, 1991 APS Topical Conf. on
Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Williamsburg VA, June 1991.
S.J.Bless, D.Hartman, M.Benyami, B.Azzi, D.Jurick, Ballistic Penetration Study of S-2
Glass©/Phenolic Spall Liner Materials, Combat Vehicle Survivability Symposium,
Gaithersburg, MD, April 1991
N.S. Brar, S.J.Bless, Z. Rosenberg, New Experimental Techniques to Study Damage
Evolution in Brittle Materials, Int'l Conf. on Micromechanics of Failure of Quasi-brittle
Mat'ls (p. 385 Proceedings ed. S-P Shah et al), Elsevier Applied Science, New York,
1990
S.J. Bless, D.L. Jurick, S.P. Timothy, and M.A. Reynolds, "Ballistic Impact Behavior of
SiC Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Matrix Composites," Int'l Conf. on Shock Wave and
High Strain Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 90), Aug12-17, 1990, San Diego, CA
N.S. Brar and S.J. Bless, "Dynamic Fracture and Failure Mechanisms of Ceramic Bars,"
Shock Waves and High-Strain-Ratge Phenomena in Materials, eds Marc Meyes,
L.E.Murr, K.P.Staudhammer, 1041/1049, Dekker, 1992
N.S.Brar, S.J.Bless, Z.Rosenberg, Response of Shock-Loaded AlN Ceramics
Determined with In-Material Gauges, Int'l Conf. on Shock Wave and High Strain Rate
Phenomena (EXPLOMET 90), Aug12-17, 1990, San Diego, CA
S.J. Bless, N.S. Brar, and Z. Rosenberg, "Failure of Ceramic and Glass Rods Under
Dynamic Compression," in Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, 1989, eds. S.C.
Schmidt, J.N. Johnson, and L.W. Davison, p 939-942, Elsevier Science Publishers,
1990.
N.S. Brar, S.J. Bless, and Z. Rosenberg, "Factors Affecting Ballistic Efficiency of
Alumina and Sapphire," in Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, 1989, eds. S.C.
Schmidt, J.N. Johnson, and L.W. Davison, p 939-942, Elsevier Science Publishers,
1990.
S.J. Bless and M.L. Alme, "Penetration Resistance of Ceramics at Hypervelocity (U),"
1989 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium Classified Proceedings, DARPA-TIO-90-02, 2770 April 1990.
S.J. Bless, M. Benyami, and D. Hartman, "Penetration Through Glass-Reinforced
Phenolic," 22nd SAMPE Technical Conference Proceedings, Boston, MA, November
1990.
R.P. Bright, R.S. Kinchen, L.A. Miller, S.J. Bless, and J.G.Glenn, "Chemically Bonded
Ceramic Materials for Explosive Packaging," Joint Government Industry Sym. on
Insensitive Munitions Tech., White Oak, MD, 13-14 March 1990.
S.J. Bless and D.R. Hartman, "Ballistic Penetration of S-2 Glass Laminates,"
Proceedings 21 SAMPE Conference, Atlantic City, NJ, September 1989.
Z.Rosenberg, K.Okajima, S.J.Bless, Yaw Rates of Long Rod Penetrators after Normal
Impact, Proc. 11th Int'l Symp. Ballistics, Brussels, May 9-11, 1989
D.R.Askins, S.J.Bless, S.J.Hanchak, D.Hartman, R.Rondeau, "Multi-hit Ceramic Armor
for .30 M2AP (U), Proc. Fourth TACOM Armor Coordinating Conf., 29-31 March, 1988.
S.J. Bless, D.R. Askins, A. Galezewski, "Comparative Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced
Materials for Armor Applications, Proc. Fourth TACOM Armor Coordinating Conf. for
Light Combat Vehicles, Monterey, CA, 29-31 March 1988.
D.R.Askins, S.J.Bless, S.J.Hanchak, D.Hartman, Multi-hit Ceramic Armor for .30APM2
(U), Proc. 4th TACOM Armor Coord. Conf., Monterey CA, March 1988
G. Rosenberg, S. J. Bless, C. Lopatin, "Electrically Driven Expanding Ring Generator,"
Proc. APS Conf. Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, Monterey, CA, July 1987.
S.J. Bless, Z. Rosenberg, and N.S. Brar, "Shear Strength of Shock-Loaded Soda Lime
Glass," Proc. A.P.S. Conf. Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, July 1987.
A.M. Rajendran, D.J. Grove, S.J. Bless, "A New Yield Function Based Dynamic Failure
Model", Proc. 1987 APS Topical Conf. Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, July 1987.
Z. Rosenberg, S. Bless, Y. Yeshurun, and K. Okajima, "A New Definition of Ballistic
Efficiency of Brittle Materials Based on the Use of Thick Backing Plates,"Impact 87
Conference, Bremen FRG, May 1987.
S.J. Bless, S.J. Hanchak, K. Okajima, and D. Hartman, "Ballistic Penetration of S-2
Glass Laminates," Third Annual TACOM Armor Conf., February 17-19, 1987.
M. Forrestal, Z. Rosenberg, V. Luk, and S. Bless, "Perforation of Aluminum Plates with
Conical-Nosed Rods," Trans. ASME 54:230-232, March 1987.
S.J. Bless, D. Jurick, and B. Yoon, "Secondary Penetration of Rod Projectiles," Proc.
9th Int'l. Symp. Ballistics, May 1986.
Z. Rosenberg, D. Yaziv, and S.J. Bless, "Spall Strength of Shock-Loaded Glass," J.
Appl. Phys., v. 58, pp. 3249-3251, 1985.
D. Yaziv, S.J. Bless, and Z. Rosenberg, "Shock Fracture and Recompaction of
Ceramics," Proc. Fourth APS Conf. on Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, Spokane,
WA, July 22-25, 1985.
S.J. Bless, D. Yaziv, and Z. Rosenberg, "Spall Zones in Polycrystalline Ceramics",
Proc. Fourth APS Conf. on Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, Spokane, WA, July
1985.
A.M. Rajendran and S.J. Bless, "Use of the Bodner Partom Viscoplastic Constitutive
Model to Describe HY-100 Steel,"Proc. Fourth APS Conf. on Shock Waves in
Condensed Matter, Spokane, WA, July 22-25, 1985.
D. Yaziv, S.J. Bless, and D.P. Dandekar, "Shock Compression and Spall in Porous
Beryllium Oxide," Proc. Int'l. Conf. Metallurgical Applications of Shock-Wave and HighStrain-Rate Phenomena, Portland, OR, July 28-Aug.1, 1985.
S.J. Bless, S.J. Hanchak, D.L. Jurick, Lightweight Armor for Air Force Tactical Shelters,
Proc. Conf. Design of Armor Systems (U), V. 2, JTCG/AS-83-T-002 (2), October 1983.
S.J. Bless and D.L. Paisley, "Dynamic Tensile Fracture of OFHC Copper," Proceedings
of the 3rd APS Topical Conference on Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, Santa Fe,
CA, July 1983.
S.J. Bless, "Hypervelocity Cratering in Ti and Be", Shock Waves in Condensed Matter 1981, W.J. Nellis et al., eds., pp 548-552, AIP, 1982.
S. Bless and G. Spitale, "Spall in Mild Steel," 29th Annual Sagamore Army Materials
Research Conference, Lake Placid, NY, July 1982.
L.A. Cross and S.J. Bless, "Mechanics of Plastic Rotating Bands," Sixth International
Symposium on Ballistics Proceedings, Orlando, FL, 27-29 October 1981.
S. Bless, J. Barber, and D. Matuska, "Impact-Induced Tensile Failures in Steel," High
Pressure Science and Technology, B. Vodar and P. Marteau, eds., Pergamon Press,
1980.
S. Bless, C. Akers, R. Mackay, D. Summers, and J. Zakin, "Documentation by Liquid
Blasting," published in Symposium on Toxic Substance Control: Decontamination,
Columbus, Ohio, 22-24 April 1980.
OTHER PRESENTATIONS
S.Bless, Transparent Armor Research Issues, presented to the Committee to Review
Opportunities in Protection Materials Science and Technology for Future Army
Applications, National Academy of Sciences, 10 march 2010
J.Tolman, S.Bless, S.Levinson, Dynamic Strength Measurements on Transparent
Materials Using Bar Impact, Society of Experimental Mechanics Annual Meeting,
Albulquerque, NM, June 2009
S.Bless, J. Zhang, Glass and Glass Armor, presented at CLASP 42, Idaho National
Laboratory, July 17-19, 2007
T.Chen, S.Bless, Ballistic Damage in Transparent Armor, American Society of
Mechanical Engineers Annual Meeting, Austin, TX , June 2007
SELECTED REPORTS (AVAILABLE FROM DTIC or IAT)
S.Bless, D.Wilson, B.Pedersen, L.Wienman, J.Garnier, National Institute of Justice
Final Report: Development of Nanothermite Projectile for Improvised Explsoive Device
(IED) and Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device (VBIED) Neutralization , IAT
Report 549, January 2008
B.Pedersen, K.A.Schroder, D.Berry, R.Russell, S.Bless, D.Wilson, Using
Nanoenergetic-Filled Bullets to Attack Walls during Military Operations in Urban Terrain
(MOUT), IAT Report R497, Submitted to DARPA, April 2007
S. J. Bless and B. A. Pedersen, “Penetration Equations for Hypervelocity Rods Against
Heavy Range Targets (U),” work in progress (IAT.R 0453).
S. J. Bless, S. J. Levinson, and B. A. Pedersen, “Hypervelocity Impact on Reinforced
Concrete Targets,” January 2007 (IAT.R 0458).
S. J. Bless and T. Chen, “Impact Damage in Layered Transparent Armor,” work in
progress (IAT.R 0484).
W. Lawhorn, S. J. Bless, F. Brody, and R. Kline, “Preliminary Design and Analysis of an
Environmentally Friendly 5.56 mm Bullet to Replace the M855,” SBIR study, September
2007 (IAT.R 0507).
M. E. Erengil, O. Knudson, R. Subramanian, W. Pickel, W. Lawhorn, G. Lightsey, D.
Barnette, S. Bless, D. Littlefield, J. Hodge, C. Persad, S. Satapathy, K. T. Hsieh, M.
Crawford, J. Campos, F. Stefani, J. Mallick, Y. Chen, and H. Vanicek, “Feasibility Study
of an Electromagnetic (EM) Weapon System Concept for Long-Range Precision Strike
(Revised),” February 2, 2006 (IAT.R 0351).
N. S. Brar and S. Bless, “Shock Hugoniot/Failure Wave/Densification of Soda-Lime
Glass,” (IAT.R 0452), 2006
S. J. Bless and B. A. Pedersen, “Penetration Equations for Hypervelocity Rods Against
Heavy Range Targets (U),” (IAT.R 0453), 2006
S. Bless, S. Levinson, and B. Pedersen, “Hypervelocity Impact on Reinforced Concrete
Targets,” (IAT.R 0458), 2006
S. Bless, B. Pedersen, and R. Subramanian, “Penetration Data for a Tongue-in-Groove
Extending Rod (TIGER) Projectile,” Submitted to Army Research Laboratory, 2005
S. Bless, D. Berry, J. Hodge, and R. Russell, “Final Report for Directed Energy Basic
and Applied Research Contract: DASG60-01-C-0070 Modification No. PO 0005
Hypervelocity Impact Tests on Aerospace Targets,” September 2004, IAT.R 0367
S. J. Bless, B. Pedersen, and R. Subramanian, “Geometrically Stiffened Penetrators Initial Results, (SECRET)” ADC069125, February 2002
S. Bless, W. Reinecke, J. Campos, B. Pedersen, and D. Barnette, “Extending Tungsten
Penetrators - Initial Results (SECRET)”, ADC068964, July 2002
G.Kanel, S.J.Bless, A.M.Rajendran, Behavior of Brittle Materials Under Dynamic
Loading, AD-A386 439, January 2000
S.J.Bless, R. Subramanian, B.Pedersen, and W.LaBerge, Terminal Ballistics
Experiments on Exit Criterion Target (U), IAT Report 99-S-1999, available from Army
Research Laboratory, October 1999S.Bless, Synthetic ERA, ADC063251, September
1999
T.Kiehne, E.Stroebel, S.Bless, M.Normandia, D.Orphal, Review of Research on
Segmented Rods, Focusing on DARPA Efforts, ADB24210, November 1998
M.Lee, S.Bless, Long Tubular Penetration Models, ADA318993, March 1996
S.J. Bless, R. Rondeau, and D.R. Askins, "Evaluation of Lightweight Armors for FSP
Protection," ADB151970, April 1989.
S.J. Bless, R.A. Rondeau, D.R. Askins, S.J. Hanchak, and D.L. Jurick, "Ceramic Armor
to Defeat Small Caliber Armor-Piercing Projectiles (U)," Report Submitted to
WRDC/MLSE, UDR-TR-89-93, December 1989.
Bless, "Impact Behavior of Ceramics in Dynamic Constitutive/Failure Models, A.M.
Rajendran and T. Nicholas, eds., ADA204538, December 1988.
S.J. Bless, R.V. Krolak, D.R. Askins, "Evaluation Materials of Lightweight Shelter
Armors," AD B 10556, July 1986.
S. Bless, A. Piekutowski, B. Yoon, and J. Sternberg, "Analysis of High Velocity Impact,"
Report Submitted to ARDC, Contract No. DAAK10-85-C-0036UDR-TR-86-33, October
1986.
A.M. Rajendran and S.J. Bless, "High Strain Rate Material Behavior," ADA165214,
December 1985.
S.J. Bless, A.M. Rajendran, D. Dawicke, and D.L. Paisley, High Strain Rate
Characterization of Materials, ADA134342, August 1983.
S.J. Bless, Armor for Air Force Tactical Shelters, AD B074 975L, December 1981.
S.J. Bless, Interior and Terminal Ballistics of 25 g Long Rod Penetrators, AD A071461,
April 1979.
S.Bless, Fuel Tank Survivability for Hydrodynamic Ram Induced by High-Velocity
Fragments: Part I - Experimental Results, AFFDL-TR-78-182, AD A070 113, January
1979
S.Bless, A.Holten, eds, Hydrodynamic Ram Seminar, JTCG/AS-77-D-002, ADB020249,
May 1977
SELECTED RECENT UNPUBLISHED PRESENTATIONS
S.Bless, Damage to Glass from High Velocity Impact, International Center for Applied
Computational Mechanics, Symp on Materials under Extreme Loading, Rocamadour,
France, May 28-30, 2008
T. Chen, S. J. Bless, and K. Manthiram, “High-Velocity Impact Damage on Glass
Laminates,” presented at the 2007 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Applied Mechanics and Materials Conference (McMAT 2007), June 3–7, 2007, Austin,
Texas
S. J. Bless, “Damage in Glass from Fragment-Simulating Projectiles,” presented at the
42nd Meeting of the Combined Light Armor Survivability Panel (CLASP), July 17–19,
2007, Idaho Falls, Idaho
K.R.Tarcza, E.M.Taleff, S.Bless, The Effects of Surface Condition and Initial Flaw Size
on Dynamic Failure of Tungsten Heavy Alloy, Presentation in Mechanical Behavior of
Body-Centered-Cubic (BCC) Metals: Dynamic Behaviors at the Materials Science and
Technology 2004 Meeting in New Orleans, LA, September 28, 2004.
S. Bless, R. Russell, J. Alston, K. Tarcza, and D. Fuentes, “Slot Cutting.” Presented at
the 16th U.S. Army Symposium on Solid Mechanics, Charleston, South Carolina, May
4–7, 2003.
S. Bless, D. Littlefield, and R. Russell, “Bar Impact Tests to Understand Ballistic Failure
of Ceramics.” Presented at the 16th U.S. Army Symposium on Solid Mechanics,
Charleston, South Carolina, May 4–7, 2003.
S. Bless, "Synthetic ERA (CONFIDENTIAL)" Presented at US-German Data Exchange
Agreement Meeting, Dresden, GE, July 2002
S.Bless, J.Cazamias, M.Black, Using the Penetration-Velocity Relationship to Correct
for Variations in Target Hardness, presented at SES2000, Columbia SC, October 2325 2000, IAT.TN 0187, June 2000
S.Bless, R.Subramanian, Synthetic ERA, SECRET, presented at DEA1260 Meeting,
Bourges, France, November 1999
S.Bless, Penetration mechanics of non-circular rods, presented at DEA-G-1060
Meeting, Army Research Laboratory, June 1995
S.J.Bless, Cavity expansion Analysis using new-type ceramic constitutive models,
presented at DEA-G-1060 Meeting, Army Research Laboratory, June 1995
S.Bless, R.Subramanian, T.Kiehne, Performance of L/D=30 Tungsten Rods Against
Oblique Steel, Ceramic, and Explosive Reactive Targets at 1.8 and 2.6 km/s(U), Report
IAT-R-0032, (ADC053139 DTIC) December 1994
S.J.Bless, C.E.Anderson, J.Walker, Y.Partom, Investigation of L/D Effects on P/L for
Long WHA Rods Striking RHA, 1993 Workshop on Kinetic Energy Penetrator
Concepts, U.S.Army Research Laboratory, 1-3 June, 1993
S.J.Bless, Penetration Measurements on S-2 GRP, Euromech Colloquium 299 - Impact
Damage in Composites, Oxford University, March 24-26, 1993
S.J.Bless, Ballistic Properties of Damping Materials, presented at 13th Int'l Symp.
Ballistics, Stockholm Sweden, 1-3 June 1992
N.S.Brar, S.J.Bless, Failure of Glass Under Dynamic Compression, Int'l Satellite Conf.
of XIII AIRAPT, 1991
E.Savrun, S.J.Bless, "Performance of AlN and Al2O3 Against Various Bullets, 93rd
Ann. Mtg. Am. Ceramics. Soc., Cinti. OH Apr29-May2, 1991
M.Benyami, S.J.Bless, D.J.Jurick, "Techniques to Study Penetration Through Glass
Reinforced Phenolic", Aeroballistic Range Assoc. October 1990
S.J. Bless and M. Alme, "Use of Tate Theory to Describe Penetration of Thick
Ceramics," Sixth TACOM Armor Coordinating Conference, Gaithersburg, MD, April
1990.
S. Bless, J. Gonzalez, N. Brar, M. Alme, and C. Terry, "Ceramic Armor Design Study,"
Fifth TACOM Armor Coordinating Conference, Monterey, CA, 7-9 March 1989.
S.J.Bless, N.S.Brar, A.M.Rajendran, Dynamic Load/Unload Behavior of Ceramics,
DARPA/BTI Advanced Materials and Mechanics Symposium, Washington D.C.,
December 1988 and October 1989
S.J.Bless, S.J.Hanchak, M.Benyami, Reference Penetration of Fragment Simulating
Projectiles into 6061-T651 Aluminum, 40th Mtg. Aeroballistic Range Assoc., Paris,
France, September 1989
S.J. Bless, Impact Behavior of Ceramics, Symposium on Dynamic Constitutive/Failure
Models, Univ. of Dayton, May 10-11, 1988
S.J.Bless, "Ceramics", presentation at LANL Workshop on Dynamic Constitutive
Modeling, Sandia Nat'l Lab., 26 May 1988.
S.J. Bless, "Plate Impact Experiments," UDR-TM-88-05, The Metal Society Annual
Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, January 1988.
S.J. Bless, "Bar Impact Experiments," Armor/Anti-armor Computational Modeling
Workshop, Sandia National Laboratory, 26 May 1988.
S.J. Bless, "Impact Behavior of Ceramics," UDR-TM-87-35, presented 4th Hwarangdae
Symposium, Seoul, Korea, September 1987.
T. Nicholas, A. Rajendran, and S. Bless, "An Offset Yield Criterion from Precursor
Decay Analysis," Invited Paper, Plasticity Foundation and Future Directions, University
of Florida at Gainsville, 28- 30 January 1987.
S.J.Bless, A.Galezewski, Comparative Evaluation of Lightweight Materials for Fragment
Armor, Army Symp. of Solid Mech., West Point, N.Y., October 1986
S.J. Bless, Z. Rosenberg, and L.A. Cross, "Hydrodynamic Ram Experiments," Proc.
Aeroballistic Range Association, Quebec, Canada, 9-12 September 1986.
D. Yaziv, Z. Rosenberg, and S. Bless, "The Compressive Strength of Commercial
Alumina Under Shock Loading," (UDR-TM-85-36), Int'l. Conf. on Response of Mat'ls. to
Impulsive Loading, Beijing, China, June 1986
A.M.Rajendran*, S.J.Bless, Constitutive Modeling Under High Temperature and High
Strain Rate Loading Conditions, Int'l Conf. Computational Mechanics (ICCM86TOKYO), Tokyo, Japan, May 25-29, 1986
S.J.Bless, D.R.Hartman, S.J.Hanchak, Ballistic Performance of Thick S-2 Glass
Composites, Symp. on Comp. Materials in Armament Appl., 20-22 August 1985
S.J. Bless, "Experimental Techniques in Penetration Mechanics," Invited Paper at Army
Symposium on Solid Mechanics, October 1984.
GRADUATE COURSES, SPECIAL LECTURES, AND SHORT COURSES
Neutralization of Explosives in IED and VBIED Scenarios, D. Wilson, S.Bless, special
seminar at IDGA Counter IED Summit, Jan. 27-28, 2009, Washington, DC
Behavior of Materials Under Impulsive Loading (co-taught with Prof. K. Ravi-Chandar),
University of Texas, 2003
Rigid Body Penetration, Short Course on Penetration Mechanics, Southwest Research
Institute, February 1995
Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, University of Texas, 1994.
Lightweight armor design principles, Short Course on Penetration Mechanics,
Southwest Research Institute, February 1993
Lightweight Armor, in short course "Terminal Ballistics, sponsored by Baldini Resource
Assoc., Las Vegas, NV, November 1989, and June 1990
Impact Behavior of Ceramics, weeklong seminar series at Korean Institute of Science
and Technology, Seoul, Korea, April 1990
"Shock Waves in Solids" and "Experimental Techniques" lectures in short course
Computational Mechanics Assoc. short course on Material Behavior at High Strain
Rates, October 1990Shock Waves in Solids, University of Dayton Graduate School of
Materials Engineering, 1986, 1988
Penetration Mechanics, University of Dayton Graduate School of Materials Engineering,
1988
Penetration Mechanics", two day short course at Corning Glass Works, November 1988
"Armor and Penetration Mechanics", weeklong short course at Agency for Defense
Development, Daejon, Korea, October 1988
"Penetration Mechanics", two day short course at Dyneema, Maastrict, Holland, August
1988
Armor, in "Terminal Ballistics", sponsored by ADPA, Virginia Beach VA, August
1988Armor, in "Terminal Ballistics", short course sponsored by ADPA, Virginia Beach
VA, August 1987
Impact Phenomenology, Shock Physics, and Behavior of Ceramics, in short course
"Behavior of Materials under Impact Loading", sponsored by Computational Mechanics
Assoc., Dayton OH, June 1987
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