WORLD HISTORY I
REVIEW
UNIT I: GLOBAL
CONCEPTS
A.
What is culture? The way of life of a given group of
people.
1. What are things that make one culture different from an
other? Language, religion, customs
2. What is the importance of language? communication
3. What is the purpose of government? Provide order and
structure and prevent chaos
4. What does codified mean? Written down
5. What is the importance of things that are codified? people
know what the law is and it’s consequences
6. ETHNOCENTRICITY- believing in the superiority of your
culture.
B.
What is the importance of BELIEF SYSTEMS to a
culture? Cultural code of conduct.
1. Monotheism-belief in one god
2. Polytheism-belief in many gods
3. Divine Right/Mandate of Heaven-the right to rule comes
from God
4. With the help of Copernicus and Galileo, what challenged
religion (the Catholic Church)? Heliocentric theory
5. People like scientists and philosopher used what to challenge
The church?Science and reason.
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C. Political Systems/Social Order, what's the purpose?
Establish order
1.Hierarchy-rigid social structure – everyone has a defined
role
a. Label two examples of hierarchies:
Feudalism Medieval Europe
Feudalism in Japan
Caste System in India
2. What was the process of being able to move up a social ladder
or hierarchy known as? Social mobility
3. In civilizations prior to 1500 CE, if you were wealthy and
powerful you owned much? land
4. What does CE stand for?Common era
5. Government ruled by king or queen? monarchy
6. Government where citizens vote directly for leader? Direct
democracy
D. Economics:
1. Prior to the Neolithic Revolution, people obtained food by?
hunting and gathering
2.Paleolithic Civilization? old stone age
3.Neolithic Revolution? New stone age
4.Barter System? Economic system based on trade
5. When people produce just enough to survive? subsistence
6. Society based on farming? Agrarian
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7. What is the name of the economy based on the exchange of
goods and services? barter
8. A coastline suitable for trade is? Irregular
9. When one nation relies on another? Interdependence
E. Geography, what is it? Study of the earth and its features
1.The earliest civilization were located along? rivers
2. Why? Food, water, trade, transportation
3. What impact does geography have on an area? (use examples)
a)Rivers- cultural diffusion
b)Mountains- Protect/Isolate
c)Deserts – Protect/Isolate
4. When nations or cultures exchange good and ideas, it is known as,
cultural diffusion
5. When one country (bigger) takes over another country (smaller)
for political, social and economical benefits imperialism
F. Comparisons: Define the following, how are they different?
TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
1. Hierarchy
MODERN SOCIETY
vs.
ascribed status
(born into)
2. Agricultural
achieved status
(earned placement)
vs.
farming
3. Geocentric
earth is the center
of the universe
Democracy
Industrial
machine
vs.
Heliocentric
sun is the center of the
universe
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UNIT II
GEOGRAPHY
A. Geography? Study of the earth and its features
1. Geography concerns? People - environment – plants/animals.
2. 5 Themes of Geography:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Location
Place
Human/environment interaction
Movement
Region
2. What are two types of location? absolute (exact) and
Relative (description of a place in relation to another)
B. Geographic Tools and Measurements:
1. Globe
a. It shows?Earth as a sphere
2. Maps
a. Physical-geographic/natural features
b. Political-man-made, shows boundaries/borders
3. Imaginary Lines
a. Equator-0 degrees latitude
b. Prime Meridian-0 degrees longitude – stretches from the
North Pole to the South Pole
c. Hemisphere-North/South and East/West
d. Latitude-run north and south of Equator
e. Longitude-measure east or west of the Prime Meridian
C. Geographic Features are: natural/physical
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1. MOUNTAINS, what is their role? Protect/isolate
a. Examples:
MOUNTAIN RANGE
Himalayas
Andes
2. DESERTS-arid land
a. Examples:
DESERT
Sahara
Gobi
NATION/AREA
South Asia
South America
NATION/AREA
North Africa
China
3. OCEANS, role?Trade, transportation
a. Examples:
OCEANS
BORDER WHAT CONTINENTS
Atlantic
Pacific
Indian
N+S America, Africa, Europe
N+S America, Asia
Africa and Asia
4. RIVERS, function? Cultural diffusion, trade, transportation
a.Examples:
RIVERS
NATION
Nile
Amazon
Rhine
Egypt
Brazil
Western Europe
5. CLIMATE, effects on an area? How people adapt to it
a. Examples:
CLIMATE
AREA OF WORLD
Tropical
Arid/Dry
Brazil
North Africa
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6. SEAS, importance? Trade, transportation
a. Examples:
SEAS
BORDER WHICH AREAS
Mediterranean Sea
Red Sea
Europe and Africa
Africa and Middle East
7. COASTLINES
a. Examples:
COASTLINE
CONTINENT
Irregular
Regular
Europe
Africa
D. QUESTIONS:
1. Deserts and Mountains have historically isolated people from one
another.
2. Closeness to waterways and easy land travel has caused much
cultural diffusion throughout the centuries.
3. A variety of geographic features in a region has lead to diverse
groups of people in one nation. (different ways of life).
4. If people in a region all share the same culture and same way of
life, they are said to be? homogeneous.
5. If people in a region do not share the same way of life or
culture, they are said to be? Heterogeneous
6. The destruction of the forest? Deforestation
7. The growth of the desert? desertification
8. Process of farming on a mountain? Terrace farming
9. Process of bringing water to an area without? Irrigation
10.Seven Continents: North America, South America, Europe,
Asia, Africa, Antarctica, Australia.
11.Developed nation- technologically advanced
12.Another name for a key on a map? Legend
13.Process of creating power with use of water? Hydroelectric
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UNIT III: POLITICAL
SYSTEMS
A. Reasons for developing Political Systems:
1. Order
2. Stability
3. Security
4. Protection
B. Parts of Political Systems:
1. LAW-require certain behavior
Enforcing laws- police – consequences for breaking laws
Interpreting law- courts – make sure people understand
law correctly
Justice – what is right for people in a society
C. Political Organization:
City-state-a city that has no other governments
controlling it
a) Examples:
1. Athens
2. Sparta
2. Nation- a government that controls many cities and/or
states
a) Examples:
1. United States
2. Germany
3. Empire-government that controls many nations
a) Examples:
1.Roman
2.Byzantine
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D. Political Systems:
1. Monarchy- rule by king/queen
a) Examples: (Who and from where?)
1. Elizabeth I - England
2. Louis XIV – France
3. Phillip II – Spain
b) Absolutism- monarch has TOTAL control of country
and people
c) Limited Monarchy- monarch’s power is limited by LAW
1. EXAMPLES: What limited the Monarch's power in
England (1215-1689)
DOCUMENTS:
WHAT DOCUMENT SAID:
1.Magna Carta
Limited the power of the
monarch
2. Petition of Right
3. English
d)
e)
f)
Limited the power of the
monarch
Limited the power of the
Bill of Rights
monarch
Glorious Revolution-bloodless overthrow of James II
Divine Right-right to rule comes from God
Autocracy-one person rules
2. Democracy-government in which citizens hold power
a) Examples: (Where?)
1. United States
2. Switzerland
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b.) Direct Democracy- citizens vote directly on all isusses
c.) suffrage-right to vote
3.Republic- citizens vote for representatives – people
elect leaders
a) Examples:
1. Ancient Rome
2. United States
4. Dictatorship-government headed by a ruler with
absolute authority
a) Examples: (Who and where?)
1. Stalin – Russia (USSR)
2. Hitler – Germany
b) Totalitarian-Ruler has total control of country and
people
1)Example:
1. Stalin –Russia (USSR)
2. Mussolini - Italy
5.Feudalism- land for loyalty
a) Examples:
WHERE
Western Europe
Japan
WHEN
Middle Ages 500-1200
1100-1800
b) decentralized government_power is spread out (feudalism)
c) centralized government- strong central government (USA)
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E. Codified Law:
1. Codified- written down
a) Examples:
LAWS
Twelve Tables
Hammurabi’s Code
Justinian’s Code
AREA
Rome
Babylon
Byzantine Empire
UNIT IV: ECONOMIC
SYSTEMS
ECONOMICS-satisfying the material needs of
people (use of money)
A. Types of Economic Resources:
1.natural
-land
2.human
-labor
3.capital
-money
B. Scarcity: not enough – lacking
1. If there are not enough people to work, this
Can increase the cost of labor.
2. If a nation is short on natural resources, it can lead
To interdependence, which is relying on other
nations for help.
3. job shortages may force people to go bankrupt.
4. Wants-things people desire (vacations, luxury
items)
5. Needs-things everyone must have to survive
(food, clothing, shelter)
6. Capital-money
7. CAPITALISM-private ownership of the means
of production and distribution of goods.
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C. Types of Economic Systems:
ECONOMIC SYSTEM
DEFINE
Traditional Economy
Subsistence – taking care of
needs of yourself and family
Nomadic – following the food
Hunter-Gatherer
farming
Agrarian
Exchanging surplus
Trading Economy
1. Nomads-wanderers with no permanent home
2. Barter System- economic system based on trade
3. Colonies-mother country owns and controls land
and people
4. Cultural Diffusion-blending/sharing/spread of
goods and ideas
E. MANORALISM- an economic system structured
around a lord’s manor or estate
1. The time period was called? Middle Ages
2. In what part of the world? Western Europe
3. When? 500s-1500s
4. MANORS were self –sufficient, everything needed
to survive was produced on manor.
5. Manoralism was an exchange of goods and services.
6. If a peasant used a Lords oven for baking, the
peasant was required to leave bread as a payment.
F. Commercial Revolution:
1. When did it occur? 1300-1600 AD
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2. By this time period, nations were competing for new
territories.
3. Commercial Revolution introduced new method of
investing money, to increase the flow of wealth and
reduce risks.
4. Individual merchants who wanted to help with the
payment of sailing ventures, raised money by combing
their resources in to joint-stock
companies.(Organizations that sold stock, enabling
small investors to share in the profit.)
5. If a loss occurred, investor only lost what was
invested.
6. Mercantilism-colony serves to benefit mother
country (wealth=power).
7. Favorable balance of trade-export more than you
import.
G. Industrial Revolution:
1. Began in England
2. Why?
a) natural resources
b) waterways
c) stable gov’t
e) money
d) labor source
3. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the rest of
the world economically? Rise of factory system and
growth of capitalism
H. Non Capitalist Economies:
SYSTEM
DEFINE
Agrarian
Farming
Command Economy
Government Controls Economy
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UNIT V: BELIEF
SYSTEMS
A. ANIMISM
WHERE
Africa
WHO IS WORSHIPED
BELIEFS
Every living and non Ancestors
living thing has a
nature
spirit
1. Diviners are- medicine men
2. Griots are-story tellers
3. If you obey the gods, you will be blessed with good harvest
and many children.
4. If you fail to obey gods, you will be punished with sickness,
crop failure and death.
5. Animism is a polytheistic religion.
B. HINDUISM
WHERE
BELIEFS
India
Caste System
Karma
Dharma
WHO IS
WORSHIPED
HOLY
WRITTINGS
* Brahma
* Vishnu
* Shiva
* Vedas
* Upanishads
1. It is the world's oldest religion.
2. Hindus believe in reincarnation, where the souls are reborn
into another body.
3. Each Hindu is born into a caste, a station of life.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Dharma? Duties of your caste.
Karma? Deeds you commit in your lifetime.
Ultimate goal in Hinduism is? moksha.
The top of the varna is? Brahmans.
Bottom of varna is? untouchables.
C. BUDDHISM
WHERE
FOUNDER
India
Siddhartha
Gautama (born
500 BC)
BELIEFS
4 Noble Truths
1.All life is suffering
2.Suffering is caused by
desire for things that
are illusions
3.Eliminate suffering by
eliminating desire.
4. Follow Eightfold Path
to overcome desire
* reincarnation
* nirvana
1. Buddha was in search for the meaning of human suffering
2. Buddha means? Enlightened one
3. In order to eliminate earthly desires, a person needs to follow
the Eight-Fold Path.
4. The form of relaxation used by Buddhists is Meditation.
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D. CONFUCIANISM
WHERE
FOUNDE
R
BELIEFS
China
Confucius 5 relationships
(born
Filial Piety
551 BC)
HOLY
WRITIN
G
Analects
THE FIVE
RELATIONSHIPS
*ruler/subject
*husband/wife
*father/son
*older/younger
*friend/friend
1. Confucianism began as a philosophy, not a religion.
2. Respect for parents and elders? Filial Piety
3. Dynasty- ruling family.
4. Mandate of Heaven? Power to rule comes from God.
** Daoism is another Chinese religion emphasizing self-knowledge.
Stresses personal freedom.
a) Opposites in nature are symbolized by the yin and
yang.
E. JUDAISM
WHERE
Middle East
FOUNDER
Abraham/God
-BELIEFS
- Place of worship
HOLYBOOK?
WRITINGS
* monotheistic
* Torah
* ten
commandments
* synagogue
* Talmud
1.Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion of the Middle East.
2. God's promise that the Jews were his chosen people is known
as the covenant.
3. Jewish religious teachers? rabbis.
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F. CHRISTIANITY:
WHERE
Middle East
FOUNDER
Jesus
-BELIEFS
- Place of worship
* monotheistic
* Jesus is God
the Messiah
HOLYBOOK/
RULES
* Bible
* Ten
Commandment
s
1. Jesus is considered the messiah, or savior.
2. The Roman Catholic Church became the most powerful
institution in Europe from the time of the HOLY
Roman Empire through the Great Schism
G. ISLAM:
WHERE
Middle East
FOUNDER
Mohammad
BELIEFS
HOLYBOOK
* Pray 5x day
* Koran
* one God (Allah)
* fast during
Ramadan
* alms giving
(money) to the
poor
* pilgrimage to
Mecca
1. A follower of Islam is a? muslim.
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2. Muslims believe that Mohammad was the last and greatest
prophet of Allah, or God.
3. As Islamic Holy War? jihad
4. The ninth month of the Islamic calendar is? Ramadan.
5. A pilgrimage is known as a? hijra.
6. Two different sects of Islam are the sunni- and the shiite.
7. Islamic religious leader is a? caliph
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KEY TURNING POINTS FROM GLOBAL I
A. Neolithic Revolution
1. When? 8000 BCE after the Paleolithic Era when people
hunted and gathered (nomads).
2. Neolithic Era started when people invented stone tools for
farming and began to settle near rivers such as the Nile,
Huang, Indus, and Tigris and Euphrates.
3. Rivers provided water for crops and for drinking, as well as a
means of transportation. As a result, the first civilizations
emerged.
B. Fall of Rome: Middle Ages Begin
1. When? 500-1200 CE
2. Political Causes: Invasions, Corrupt Rulers
3. Social Cause: Lack of Patriotism
4. Economic Causes: High Taxes
5. Political power changed from centralized to decentralized:
Middle Ages begin
6. System of government: Feudalism = land for loyalty
C. Crusades
1. when? 1100-1300 CE
2. why? Regain holy land from Muslims
3. Results:
a.) Europe rediscovered Greek and Roman classics by Plato,
Aristotle, and Socrates.
b.) Muslims kept Christians from regaining the holy land.
c.) Crusades led to the rise of
absolute
monarchs and to the
decline of the Church’s power.
d.) Trade increased and Europeans were introduced to the
advances of Byzantine and Muslim civilizations.
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e.) The rebirth of Greek and Roman ideas led to a new era
called the Renaissance.
D. Renaissance
1. when? 1350-1600 CE
2. main cause: Crusades
3. Renaissance means rebirth.
4. Main concept: humanism emphasized individual achievement.
5. Artwork featuring humanism: David by Michelangelo and Mona
Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci.
6. Rich patrons such as the Medicis funded great art works.
7. Commercial revolution: A money economy emerged so people
wouldn’t have to barter and banks were started.
8. Invention of the Printing Press (1450s) – books became more
available, literacy increased and ideas spread rapidly.
9. People began to question the authority of the Catholic Church.
E. Voyages of Columbus
1. when? 1490s
2. First permanent contact between old world and new world.
3. Led to the Age of Exploration and the “Triangle Trade” between
Europe, Africa and the Americas.
4. Spanish term for conqueror: Conquistador
5. Effect of European diseases: millions of
died
Native Americans
6. Slave trade caused great human suffering and disrupted life in
Western Africa.
7. Led to mercantilism where “mother country” acquired raw
materials and new markets.
F. PROTESTANT REFORMATION:
1. Began in what country? Germany
2. By Whom? Martin Luther
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Why? Luther felt the Church had become corrupt and too
powerful
3. What is a certificate called, that is sold for the forgiveness of
sins? indulgence.
4. 95 Theses? Luther’s list of complaints about the Catholic
Church
5. Catholic Church became weaker therefore monarchs became
stronger. This led to the rise of absolute monarchs such as
Louis XIV.
6. Unity in the Catholic church breaks up, leading to
absolutism
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