OPHTHALMOLOGY EXAMINATION SYLLABUS
1. Anatomy of the orbit. Clinical evaluation.
2. Lid and conjunctival anatomy. Clinical evaluation.
3. Anatomy of the lacrimal system. Clinical evaluation.
4. Anatomy of cornea and sclera. Clinical evaluation.
5. Anatomy of the extraocular muscles. Clinical evaluation.
6. Uveal anatomy. Clinical evaluation.
7. Anatomy of the pupillary pathways and reactions.
8. Retinal anatomy. Back of the eye in normal conditions.
9. Anatomy of the lens and vitreous. Intraocular spaces and fluids.
10. Anatomy of the visual pathways.
11. Blood supply of the eye and adnexa.
12. Innervation of the eye and adnexa.
13. Physiology of the visual perception. Light perception. Adaptation.
14. Color perception. Color deficiencies. Methods of evaluation.
15. Central vision, methods of evaluation. Visual acuity testing.
16. Peripheral vision, evaluation. Visual field defects.
17. Refraction. Emetropia, ametropia.
18. Accommodation, presbyopia.
19. Subjective and objective refraction. Prescription of glasses.
20. Binocular vision. Diplopia.
21. Slit-lamp, red reflex and ophthalmoscopy.
22. Orbital pathology – signs and symptoms.
23. Orbital inflammation – pre-septal and retro-septal involvement. Thrombosis of
cavernous sinus. Pseudotumor.
24. Vascular pathology of the orbit.
25. Pathological positions of the lids.
26. Inflammatory diseases of the lids. Lid tumors.
27. Diseases of the lacrimal system.
28. Definition and classification of conjunctivitis. Differential diagnosis of red eye.
29. Bacterial and viral conjunctivitis.
30. Chlamydial conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis.
31. Conjunctival degenerations.
32. Microbial keratitis – bacterial and fungal.
33. Microbial keratitis – viral.
34. Corneal dystrophies and degenerations.
35. Uveitis classification signs and symptoms.
36. Anterior uveitis.
37. Posterior uveitis. Uveal melanoma.
38. Cataract – significance, clinical presentation and treatment.
39. Signs and symptoms of retinal disease.
40. Vascular disease of the retina. Retinopathy of prematurity.
41. Retinal detachment. Retinoblastoma.
42. Retinal degenerations. Age related macular degeneration.
43. Papilloedema. Atrophy of the optic disc.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
Optic neuritis. Toxic neuropathies.
Glaucoma – definition, classification and diagnosis.
Primary open angle glaucoma.
Acute angle closure glaucoma.
Glaucoma – modes of treatment.
Amblyopia, vision in early age.
Concomitant strabismus. Nystagmus.
Paralytic strabismus. Diplopia.
Chemical burns.
Light damages to the eye.
Non-penetrating ocular injuries.
Penetrating ocular injuries without foreign body.
Penetrating ocular injuries with foreign body.
Diabetes and eye.
Thyroid ophthalmopathy.
Dry eye.
Red eye.
Vision 20/20, blindness – definition and prevention.
Medical therapy in ophthalmology.
Surgical therapy in ophthalmology.
Examination syllabus was developed by:
Prof. Christina N. Grupcheva MD, PhD, FEBO, FICO (Hon)
Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science:
Prof. Christina N. Grupcheva MD, PhD, FEBO, FICO (Hon)
Recommended text
1. The Merck Manual 18-th edition
For online use: http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec09.html
To buy: http://www.merckbooks.com/mmanual/index.html
2. Vaughan and Asbury’ s General Ophthalmology
Paul Riordan – Eva, Taylor Asbury, John Whitcher, McGraw – Hill Professional
Publishing, 2003, ISBN: 0-07-137831-6
3. Parsons’ Disease of the eye by Stephen J. Miller – Churchill Livingstone, 18th edition
(1990), ISBN: 0443042306
4. Basic Ophthalmology for Medical Students and Primary Care Residents - American
Academy of Ophthalmology, Seventh Edition 1999.Edited by Cynthia A. Braford, MD.
5. Dennison Alastair KO, Murray Philip I, Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology,
Oxford University Press
Additional text
6. Kanski Jack J, Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach, 6th Edition, 2007,
Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann