AP Human Geography
Chapter 7 & 8 Ethnic & Political Geography
Ethnic Clusters in America
Ethnicity
Ethnicity
Reason for Migration to and within America
Reason for Migration to and within
America – Numbers and Examples
Where are they clustered at the regional
Where is the group clustered at the national,
regional and urban level - Examples
Asians
Hispanics
African
Americans
Ethnic Migrations in the US+
Ethnic Migration Description
Consequences of that Migration
White Flight
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Great Migration
Describe Why these Countries in Europe Split Apart or how they are currently divided / facing issues according to
Ethnic Lines
State
Ethnic Groups
Issues, Conflicts and Cases of Devolution
Described Here
Yugoslavia
Soviet Union
Czechoslovakia
England
Spain
Belgium
Ukraine
2
Modern Day Russia
Describe the Differences between race and ethnicity
Create a chart of centripetal and centrifugal forces (see wiki for help on this)
Describe How Ethnicity, Religion or Other Cultural Divides Create Instability Issues in the Following Countries
Country
What is the cultural Division (ethnic,
religious, linguistic, etc) Name them.
Describe the issues and main events for this
country
Israel
Somalia
Ethiopia
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Sri Lanka
India
Pakistan
Lebanon
Iraq
Canada
China
Philippines
Sudan
DR Congo
Why do African Countries have a harder time developing (answers can relate to culture or not):
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1) President Barack Obama is a good example of the
A) complexity of ethnic identity in the United States.
B) confusion over ethnicity and race in Kenya.
C) biological basis for classifying humans.
D) principle of the distribution of persons of color.
2) What was apartheid?
A) the dialect of Dutch which is spoken in South Africa
B) South Africa's governmental system
C) the existence of landlocked states in southern Africa
D) the legal system of separating races in South Africa
E) the kinship system of Sub-Saharan Africa
3) The most numerous ethnicity in the United States is
A) African Americans.
B) Asian Americans.
C) Latinos/Hispanics.
D) American Indians and Alaska Natives.
E) Australo-Asian.
4) Which best describes the distribution of ethnicities in the United States?
A) regional concentrations
D) all of the above
B) concentrations within cities
E) B and C
C) concentration in cities
5) African Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?
A) Southeast
B) Southwest
C) Plains states
D) Pacific Northwest
E) Northeast
6) Latinos and Hispanics are clustered in what areas of the United States?
A) Northeast, cities
C) Southwest, Southeast
B) West, Southwest
D) Pacific Northwest, Plains states
7) The largest Hispanic/Latino groups in the United States are from which two countries?
A) Guatemala and Mexico
D) Puerto Rico and Cuba
B) Cuba and Mexico
E) Dominican Republic and Cuba
C) Puerto Rico and Mexico
8) Native Americans and Alaska Natives together make up what percentage of the total United States population?
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A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 8
9) Ethnic identity for descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through
A) neighborhoods and locations.
D) religion and food.
B) schools and education.
E) political affiliation.
C) language.
10) Which of the following is NOT an element of cultural diversity?
A) language
B) religion
C) ethnicity
D) race
11) Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States?
A) rural to urban within the state
D) movement out of inner-cities
B) change to sharecropping
E) relocation to coastal cities
C) relocation to northern cities
12) The Plessy v. Ferguson court decision resulted in
A) the abolition of discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants.
B) the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial equality.
C) the required integration of schools.
D) "Jim Crow" laws across the American South.
E) B and D.
13) The Brown v. Board of Education court decision ruled
A) separate schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional.
B) "white flight" was illegal but there was no way to prove a move was motivated by racism.
C) discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants were unconstitutional.
D) separate facilities for blacks and whites were acceptable so long as they were of the same quality.
E) B and D.
14) Race is
A) characterized by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino.
B) self-identification with a group sharing a biological ancestor.
C) determinable from physical characteristics.
D) evenly distributed around the world.
E) defined by statute in most states.
15) Racism is belief in
A) the biological classification of people.
B) superiority of some groups because of racial identity.
C) inferiority of other groups because of racial identity.
D) all of the above
E) B and C
16) People who were restricted by covenants in deeds included all EXCEPT
A) Caucasians.
B) Jews.
C) Blacks.
D) Roman Catholics.
17) White flight is
A) movement of whites from northern cities.
B) movement of whites from southern cities.
C) establishment of suburbs.
D) decrease in percent whites because of black migration from the Southeast.
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E) A and B.
E) emigration of whites from an area blacks were anticipated to move to.
18) Neighborhood changes in ethnicity are sometimes caused by the illegal practice of
A) segregation.
B) separate but equal.
C) blockbusting.
D) self-identification.
E) red lining.
19) A nationality is
A) a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition.
B) a country.
C) ethnic identity.
D) any cohesive group of people.
E) a group with shared religion, language, and origin of birth.
20) The concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves is known as the right of
A) centripetal force.
D) sovereignty.
B) nation-state.
E) ethnic identity.
C) self-determination.
21) Denmark is a close example of a nation-state because
A) nearly all Danes speak Danish and live in Denmark.
B) Danish and German nationalities intermingle in Schleswig-Holstein.
C) the people living on the Faeroe islands, which are controlled by Denmark, speak Faeroese.
D) Denmark consolidated its boundaries by giving Greenland to Norway.
E) all of the above
22) Which of the following is NOT a strong centripetal force in the United States?
A) network television
D) "The Star Spangled Banner"
B) the flag
E) baseball
C) the many ethnic groups living in the United States
23) Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group's culture is
A) nationalism.
B) nation-state.
C) nation.
D) state.
E) multiculturalism.
24) In the United States, which is shared by all Americans?
A) nationality
B) language
C) ethnicity
E) gender
25) Conflict in Africa is widespread because of
A) colonial boundaries.
B) numerous ethnic groups.
C) rapid economic development.
D) race
D) all of the above
E) A and B.
26) Large-scale migration occurred in South Asia after 1947 primarily because of the
A) boat people.
D) separation of religious groups.
B) communist victory.
E) new mobility provided by railway construction.
C) failure of the monsoon rains.
27) The Kurds
A) are living in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.
B) are a group which long ago migrated from Anatolia to the Balkans.
C) have no wish to become a nationality, only to remain an ethnicity.
D) have a large population but are divided among enough countries that they are a minority in every one.
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28) As Sudan's religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of
A) Eritrea.
B) Tigre.
C) Darfur.
D) Amhara.
E) Oromo.
29) Balkanization refers to
A) the creation of nation-states in southeastern Europe.
B) the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities.
C) a small geographic area that cannot successfully be organized into states.
D) ethnic cleansing.
E) religions splintering into opposing groups.
30) The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused by
A) ethnic cleansing.
B) the assassination in Sarajevo of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
C) rivalries among nationalities.
D) NATO.
E) espionage by Russian agents.
31) After World War II ended, millions of people were forced to migrate because of
A) Soviet repatriation of Gypsies and Jews.
B) counterattacks by the Allies.
C) German expansion.
D) return of defeated German soldiers to their homes.
E) changes in the boundaries of states.
32) The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called
A) war.
B) migrational push factors.
C) racism.
D) ethnic cleansing.
33) Race is
A) biologically based.
B) socially constructed.
E) white flight.
C) composed of three major skin color groups.
D) the same as culture.
34) The most populous country NOT a member of the UN is
A) Taiwan.
B) North Korea.
C) Switzerland.
D) Monaco.
35) An area organized into an independent political unit is a
A) colony.
B) nationality.
C) satellite.
D) state.
E) suburb.
36) A state with control over its internal affairs has
A) centripetal forces. B) nationality.
C) suffrage.
D) sovereignty.
E) ethnicity.
37) Over the past half century, the number of sovereign states in the world
A) has remained approximately the same.
D) has increased by more than a hundred
B) has increased by a couple of dozen.
E) has increased by more than a thousand.
C) has decreased by a couple of dozen.
38) The world's largest state is
A) China.
B) Canada.
39) Korea is a good example of a
A) sovereign state.
B) nation-state.
C) Russia.
D) Alaska.
D) colony.
E) patron-state.
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E) India.
C) ethnicity divided between more than one state.
40) The only large land mass not part of a sovereign state is
A) Antarctica.
B) the Arctic.
C) Greenland.
D) Siberia.
E) Borneo.
41) A territory tied to a state rather than being completely independent is a
A) nation.
B) state.
C) nation-state.
D) colony.
E) patron-state.
42) The first widespread use of the nation-state concept came in
A) Mesopotamia.
B) the Roman Empire. C) Western Europe.
E) Southeast Asia.
D) the United States.
43) There are some extremely small states in the world that have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT?
A) Many are islands.
D) All are smaller than 1,000 square kilometers.
B) They are called microstates.
E) Many of the island nations are former European colonies.
C) Most are in the southern hemisphere.
44) Elongated states may suffer from poor internal communication and difficulty defending its borders. Which of the
following is not an elongated state?
A) Malawi
B) Gambia
C) Poland
D) Chile
E) Vietnam
45) A frontier, in contrast to a boundary,
A) separates two states.
B) is an area rather than a line.
C) has become a more common means to separate states.
D) is a region of ethnic conflict.
E) all of the above
46) Which shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communications for a state?
A) compact
B) elongated
C) fragmented
D) prorupted
E) prolonged
47) The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power is called
A) gerrymandering.
B) stacking votes.
C) hanging chads.
D) redlining.
E) blockbusting.
48) A feature of the physical environment commonly used to separate states includes all but which of the following?
A) deserts
B) geometrics
C) mountains
D) lakes
E) rivers
49) The boundary between the United States and Canada is best described by which of the following?
A) geometry
B) language
C) water
D) mountain
E) A and C
50) Boundaries were redrawn in much of Europe after World War I according to the
A) distribution of languages.
D) League of Nations.
B) demands of the victorious British and French.
E) North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
C) containment of Nazism.
51) The eastern part of the border between the U. S. and Mexico is delineated by
A) the Rio Grande.
B) language differences.
C) the Mojave desert.
D) a fence.
52) An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to
A) grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation.
B) encourage the breakup of the superpower alliances.
C) govern compact states more effectively.
D) deploy scarce resources efficiently.
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E) meet all of the above needs.
53) A state which places most power in the hands of a central government is a
A) federal state.
B) nation-state.
C) fragmented state.
D) unitary state.
E) compact state.
54) Redistricting so that the opposition is spread across many districts as a minority it termed a ________ strategy.
A) wasted vote
B) stacked vote
C) gerrymandering
D) excess vote
55) States cooperate with each other for what kind of reasons?
A) political
B) military
C) economic
D) all of the above
56) The United Nations is primarily what kind of cooperative effort?
A) political
B) military
C) economic
D) cultural
E) A and C
E) all of the above
57) The present number of countries and territories in the world is closest to
A) 400.
B) 350.
C) 300.
D) 200.
58) The Commonwealth is primarily
A) an economic and cultural alliance of states once part of the British Empire.
B) an organization of culturally homogenous nations that opposed the Warsaw Pact.
C) organized to increase availability of mineral resources in perforated states.
D) a religious entity that sends missionaries to Africa.
59) The growth of the European Union has resulted in member states
A) having greater control of their internal finances
B) adopting a common currency and freer travel
C) enacting tighter borders and travel policies
D) participating in the world's wealthiest market.
E) B and D
60) What term refers to efforts by three or more states forging binding associations in pursuit of common goals.
A) supranationalism B) colonialism
C) mercantilism
D) supernationalism E) internationalism
61) In world-systems theory, the core exhibits
A) high levels of education
B) more technology
C) high salaries
D) all of the above
62) Sir Halford Mackinder based his geopolitical theory on
A) the importance of sea power in controlling the world
B) the eventual dominance of the world by a land-based power
C) the Cold War between Communist and non-Communist powers
D) the coming strength of China
63) The first political geographer who studied the state in detail was Friedrich Ratzel who postulated that the state
resembles a biological organism. His organic theory identified ______________ as a state's essential life giving force.
A) religion
B) a strong military
C) space
D) mobility
64) What was the largest attack committed by a domestic terrorist in United States history?
A) the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon.
B) the April 19, 1995 attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.
C) the attack on the Waco compound of the religious group led by David Koresh
D) the 1993 bombing in the World Trade Center garage.
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65) Malawi, Bolivia, Austria and Mongolia are all examples of ___________________ states.
A) perforated
B) elongated
C) landlocked
D) fragmented
Match the example with the state shape it represents.
A) Italy
B) South Africa
C) Namibia
D) France
66) Perforated
67) Elongated
68) Prorupted
69) Compact
70) Fragmented
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E) Indonesia