บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย
ข้อสอบเข้าบัณฑิตวิทยาลัย ปี การศึกษา 2551
วันที่ 13 มีนาคม 2551
ข้อสอบหมวดวิชาการอ่าน การแปลและ
การเขียนเรี ยงความ
เวลา 09.00 - 12.00 น.
________________________________________________________________________
3 hours
300 points
ข้ อสอบฉบับนีม้ ีท้งั หมด 9 หน้ า
Part I Translation (100 points)
1.
Translation : Thai –English (50 points)
Translate the following into English on the answer sheet.
ค าว่า “คนดี ” ในทั ศ นะของผม คื อ คนที่ เสี ย สละ คื อ คนที่ ท างานเพื่ อ ส่ ว นรวมโดยไม่ ห วัง ผลตอบแทน
น อกจากนั้ น คน ดี ต้ อ งเป็ น คน พู ดดี เพ ราะเราไม่ มี ท างรู ้ ค วามคิ ดของคน อื่ น ว่ า เขาก าลั ง คิ ดดี อยู่ ห รื อไม่
แ ต่ ค าพู ด เห มื อ น ห น้ าต่ าง ข อ ง จิ ต ใ จ ค น ไ ม่ ดี ทั้ ง ห ล าย ต่ อ ใ ห้ เส แ ส ร้ าง อ ย่ าง ไ ร พ อ พู ด อ อ ก ม า
เดี๋ ยวต้ อ งห ลุ ด ค าพู ด ความคิ ด ไม่ ดี ออกมาจน ได้ ค าพู ด มั น สะท้ อ น จิ ต ใจได้ ม ากที่ สุ ด ถ้ า เราจะเป็ น คน ดี
เราต้อ งมี จิ ต ใจที่ ดี ด้ว ย จิ ต ใจที่ ดี มี คุ ณ ธรรม มี ค วามเอื้ อ อาทร ค าพู ด ที่ อ อกมาก็ จ ะมี ค วามเมตตา มี ค วามรั ก ผู ้อื่ น
อยากให้ผอู ้ ื่นรวมทั้งประเทศชาติเจริ ญก้าวหน้า
องค์กรใดก็ตาม ไม่วา่ ระดับเล็กหรื อใหญ่ หรื อระดับประเทศก็ตาม หากมีคนดีมากกว่าคนไม่ดีองค์กรนั้นเจริ ญ
ใน ท างตรงกั น ข้ า ม ห ากองค์ ก รใดมี คน ไม่ ดี ม ากกว่ า คน ดี องค์ ก รนั้ น ห รื อป ระเท ศชาติ นั้ น ไป ไม่ ร อด
ดังนั้นจึงต้องสร้างให้มีคนดีมากๆ ต้องชื่นชมยกย่องคนดีให้มีความภาคภูมิใจและทาตัวเป็ นคนดีต่อไป
ส่ ว นคนไม่ ดี เราต้อ งพยายามหาทางแก้ไ ขเขา ถ้า สั ง คมไม่ ชื่ น ชมกับ ความทุ จ ริ ต ของเขาเขาก็ อ ยู่ไ ม่ ไ ด้
ถ้ า สั ง ค ม ชื่ น ช ม ค น โ ก ง แ ล้ ว ร ว ย ก็ จ ะ ยิ่ ง ท า ใ ห้ ค น ไ ม่ ดี เห ล่ า นี้ เชื่ อ มั่ น ใ น สิ่ ง ที่ ต น เอ ง ท า
ที่ ผมเป็ น ห่ วงมากก็ คื อ เยาวชน ที่ เป็ นเหมื อนผ้ า ขาว ถ้ า เติ บ โตมาใน สั ง คมที่ มี แ ต่ ค วามไม่ ดี มี การทุ จริ ต
แ ต่ ค น เห ล่ านี้ ก ลั บ ร ว ย สุ ข ส บ าย แ ถ ม ยั ง ไ ด้ เป็ น ใ ห ญ่ เป็ น โ ต อี ก เย าว ช น ก็ ซึ ม ซั บ สิ่ ง เห ล่ า นี้
และยอมรับว่าเป็ นเรื่ องธรรมดาไปในที่สุด เราต้องชี้ให้เห็นชัดๆ เพื่อให้เยาวชนแยกแยะได้วา่ อะไรคือคนดีหรื อคนไม่ดี
ดัดแปลงจากข้อเขียนของ บุญชัย โชควัฒนา
ประธานกรรมการบริ หารบริ ษทั สหพัฒนพิบูล จากัด (มหาชน)
2. Translation: English – Thai (50 points)
Translate the following into Thai on the answer sheet.
When we consider what, to use the words of the catechism 1, is the chief end of man,
and what are the true necessaries and means of life, it appears as if men had deliberately
chosen the common mode of living because they preferred it to any other. Yet they honestly
think there is no choice left. But alert and healthy natures remember that the sun rose clear. It
is never too late to give up our prejudices. No way of thinking or doing, however ancient,
can be trusted without proof. What everybody echoes or in silence passes by as true to-day
may turn out to be falsehood tomorrow, mere smoke of opinion, which some had trusted for
a cloud that would sprinkle fertilizing rain on their fields. What old people say you cannot
do, you try and find that you can. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old
people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going;
1
Westminster Catechism: “Man’s chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy Him forever.”
(Continued)
Page 2
new people put a little dry wood under a pot2, and are whirled round the globe with the speed
of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Age is no better, hardly so well,
qualified for an instructor as youth, for it has not profited so much as it has lost. One may
almost doubt if the wisest man has learned anything of absolute value by living. Practically,
the old have no very important advice to give the young, their own experience has been so
partial, and their lives have been such miserable failures, for private reasons, as they must
believe; and it may be that they have some faith left which belies that experience, and they
are only less young than they were. I have lived some thirty years on this planet, and I have
yet to hear the first syllable of valuable or even earnest advice from my seniors. They have
told me nothing, and probably cannot tell me anything to the purpose. Here is life, an
experiment to a great extent untried by me; but it does not avail me that they have tried it. If
I have any experience which I think valuable, I am sure to reflect that this my Mentors 3 said
nothing about.
An excerpt from Walden by Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
Part II Reading (100 points)
Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow. Write the
answers on these sheets.
Dumbledore? Gay. J.K. Rowling? Chatty.
By Rebecca Traister
(1) Oct 23, 2007— You’ve probably heard the news by now, since it’s been splattered
everywhere from the New York Times to Entertainment Weekly to the Associated Press:
Albus Dumbledore, the late, great headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry, was gay.
(2) We have this revelation thanks to Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling, currently on a
reading tour of the United States. Dumbledore’s gayness is one of the pieces of bonus
information about her characters that she’s been dispensing steadily since the publication of
her magical swan song, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.Thanks to Rowling’s loose
lips, the Potter universe continues to make news even after its end. In her desire to control
and describe it, she’s turning a modern assumption about what authorship means inside out.
(3) Rowling outed Dumbledore at Carnegie Hall on Oct. 19, in response to a fan who asked
her if Potter’s powerful mentor, who believed so mightily in the power of love, had ever
been in love himself. “My truthful answer to you,” Rowling said, was that “I always thought
of Dumbledore as gay.” Rowling explained that Albus had, as a young man, fallen for the
talented wand-wielder Gellert Grindelwald. Rowling’s discussion of their bond was incisive
and moving; she told the audience that Dumbledore’s youthful passion for Grindelwald
blinded him, as it does so many of us mere muggles, to Grindelwald’s flaws, leaving him
shattered when he discovered Grindelwald to be seriously evil.
(4) There’s a very cheerful side to Rowling’s decision to directly address Dumbledore’s
homosexuality. Throughout the series, she has been diligent not only in her narrative
exploration of bigotry and intolerance, but also in her commitment to the inclusion of
characters of different races, cultures, classes, and degrees of physical beauty. It would, in
fact, have been a glaring omission had none of the inhabitants of her world been
2
3
This refers to the technology of a steam engine.
Protector of Telemachus, son of Odysseus in Homer’s Odyssey.
(Continued)
Page 3
homosexual. And it’s great to see the nonchalance and joy with which her news is being
received in many sectors. I first heard about the revelation from a 9-year-old friend at a
wedding I was attending, who exuberantly announced, “Dumbledore is gay!” without a hint
of complaint.
(5) But while it’s all well and good to see kids giddy at the news of their hero’s
homosexuality, Rowling’s interest in making things perfectly clear, not only about
Dumbledore but also about the future and livelihood of all of her characters, provokes thorny
questions about the role and responsibilities of an author once she has concluded her text.
(6) Since Deathly Hallows was published, Rowling has shared with everyone who would
listen details about the unwritten fate or her characters: that Harry and Ron are aurors at the
Ministry of Magic and Hermione is “pretty high up” at the Department of Magical Law
Enforcement. Perhaps most disconcerting was Rowling’s assertion that what Harry’s
conflicted aunt Petunia would have said to him at their parting, at which Rowling wrote this
tantalizing passage—“for a moment Harry had the strangest feeling that she wanted to say
something to him: She gave him an odd, tremulous look and seemed to teeter on the edge of
speech, but then, with a little jerk of her head, she bustled out of the room…”—was, “I do
know what you’re up against, and I hope it’s OK.” Oh. That’s too bad. Because in my
imagination, Petunia was going to say something much more exciting than that.
(7) I am a devoted reader and admirer of J.K. Rowling, and it honestly pains me a bit to say
this, but from a literary perspective, she’s out of control here. Her abundant generosity with
information is surely a response to a vast insatiable fan base that does not have a high
tolerance for never-ending suspense, ambiguity or nuance. As she told the Today show’s
Meredith Vieira back in July, “I’m dealing with a level of obsession in some of my fans that
will not rest until they know the middle names of Harry’s great-great-grandparents.”
Rowling naturally wants to provide answers for these heartbroken obsessives who perhaps
are too young to know the satisfying pleasures of perpetual yearning and feel that they must
must must know how much money Harry makes and whether Luna has kids.
(8) It would also be understandable if, after more than a decade of telling stories about this
world and these characters, Rowling is unable to stop. She has been a great and
comprehensive builder of a fictional universe, and she’s famous for keeping reams of folders
containing the back stories and astrological signs of every major and minor character ever to
appear in her pages. One of the things that made the Potter books so good was the sense that
Rowling had utter mastery over every corner of her realm. Who could blame her for
wanting to keep the kids happy by doling out bits of it?
(9) But when too much of the back story (and, more disconcertingly, the future story) gets
revealed, it seems to have not so much a gratifying effect as a deadening one. Given the
ample—somewhere north of 5,000 pages—text that Rowling has already provided, from
which her diligent and enthusiastic readers can mine theories and opinions of their own, her
pronouncements are robbing us of the chance to let our imagination take over where she left
off, one of the great treats of engaging with fictional narrative.
(10) Would we be better off if Sofia Coppola had held a news conference after the 2003
premiere of Lost in Translation to announce that Bill Murray had whispered to Scalett
Johansson at the end of the movie that he’d had a great time with her in Tokyo? Perhaps
Shakespeare could have stepped onstage after the conclusion of Measure for Measure and
informed his audience, “Isabella accepts the Duke’s proposal and they marry a few weeks
later.”
(Continued)
Page 4
(11) But it’s precisely the fans’ feverish speculation about what happens to Rowling’s
characters, and what she might have meant by X or Y, that makes her behavior so surprising.
Rowling’s books were great in part because of their insistence on an ambiguity that was
more sophisticated than her younger readers were used to (Serverus Snape: good or bad?
Albus Dumbledore: wise or gullible? Petunia Dursley: wizard hater or wizard lover?) and
which readers have argued over for years. Why would she choose now to quash further
imaginative and critical speculation by administering massive doses of Authorial Intent?
(12) I suppose it’s nice to know that in Rowling’s mind, Harry is a successful auror. But in
my mind, based on the seven books I devoured, Harry, whose greatest gifts were as a
teacher, is the Defense Against the Dark Arts professor and eventually the Hogwarts
headmaster. I suppose in the minds of other readers, Harry might manage a Quidditch team,
or work for his uncle Vernon at Grunnings or something. I’d love to have that conversation
with those other readers; I’d also love to have it with Rowling. But when Rowling declares
to an international audience what Harry’s adult job is, then the possibility for such an
exchange is over. Speculation over what Rowling might have wanted us to surmise about her
hero’s future is over. Bully for Harry, boo for the notion that fictional characters take on
lives of their own in their readers’ minds.
(13) Rowling is a brilliant lady, one of the people whose work and intentions appear nearly
pristine. She created a world in which many readers happily dwelt for more than a decade. In
fact, perhaps the root of my frustration with her soothsaying is my sadness that she’s running
around talking about the books rather than writing us another one! I, like so many others,
miss these people, and part of me can’t help but wish that if she had so much more to say
about them, she’d put her thoughts in writing. But I also understand that that is one of those
wishes probably better left unfulfilled. One of Rowling’s greatest authorial virtues is that she
knew when to quit.
(14) If only she would remember that now, because, as she herself clearly understands,
leaving us mysteries to unravel is such a critical part of the fun. At the same Carnegie Hall
event at which she outed Albus, Rowling told the crowd, “I went onto a fan site … [and] I
was so heartened to see that people on the message boards were still arguing about Snape.
The book was out, and they were still arguing whether Snape was a good guy. That was
really wonderful to me, because there’s a question here: Was Snape a good guy or not?”
(15) Oh please, Jo, don’t tell us!
Vocabulary (20 points)
Find the words in the text that you have read that best suit the blanks to make the
following sentences meaningful.
1. A young mother has flown to Iceland to _____________ the mystery of her
husband’s disappearance.
2. With no news from the explorers we can only _____________ that they have not
moved very far from their previous position.
3. Peter must have been pretty _______________ to fall for that old trick.
4. Last quarter, there was a ________________ development in sales because we
gained a 60% larger market share compared to that of the previous three quarters.
(Continued)
Page 5
5. The suspect avoided eye contact with the detectives before saying in a
________________ voice that he had no idea what they were talking about.
6. Beneath his apparent __________________, he is as nervous and excited as the rest
of us.
7. Such a paragon of virtue he is! He inspires me to be very upright and altruistic. You
might say that he is the ideal _______________.
8. Homophobia was by far the main source of ________________ in most Western
countries.
9. His stomach rumbled when he sneaked into the pantry, the air of which was filled
with a __________________ aroma of roast beef.
10. Dr. Fautus is the prototype of those who are _________________ for knowledge.
References (10 points)
What do the following refer to?
it (paragraph 2)
it (paragraph 8)
her realm (paragraph 8)
one (paragraph 9)
that (paragraph 13)
Paraphrase (10 points)
Paraphrase the following.
1. It would, in fact, have been a glaring omission had none of the inhabitants of her
world been homosexual.
2. Hermione is “pretty high up” at the Department of Magical Law Enforcement.
(Continued)
Page 6
3. One of the things that made the Potter books so good was the sense that Rowling had
utter mastery over every corner of her realm. Who could blame her for wanting to
keep the kids happy by doling out bits of it?
Checking Your Comprehension of the Text (60 points)
Answer the following questions. Refer to specific examples in the article you have read
where necessary. Do not use the same material twice.
1. (5 points) Which of the following would be the best title for the article? Give an
explanation to support your answer.
a. Juvenile Acceptance of Homosexuality: Good or Bad Sign of Western
Society?
b. Queries into the Imaginative Process and Reality
c. Death of the Author: Leave Your Work Alone
d. J.K. Rowling on Talk Tour: Behind the Scenes of Harry Potter
2. (5 points) How do children react when they learn their hero’s sexual preference?
(Continued)
Page 7
3. (5 points) What positive effect does the news of Dumbledore’s gayness bestow on
the world of wizardry?
4. (5 points) Why does the author mention the scene where Aunt Petunia is about to say
something to Harry Potter?
5. (5 points) From a literary viewpoint, what does the author believe J.K. Rowling
violates?
6. (5 points) Why does the author mention Lost in Translation and Shakespeare’s
Measure for Measure?
7. (5 points) What is regarded as the source of pleasure in reading literature?
8. (5 points) Give 2 examples of ambiguity found in Harry Potter which make readers
form a conjecture about J.K. Rowling’s authorial intent. What effect do they create in
the reader’s mind?
9. (5 points) Does the author of the article really want another sequel to Harry Potter?
Support your answer with specific evidence from the text.
(Continued)
Page 8
10. (5 points) What is the request in the last paragraph for? Discuss the effectiveness of
this one-line paragraph.
11. (10 points) Read the short quotation below, do you find that it is directly relevant to
the major concern of the author of the article you have read? Cite specific evidence
from the article to support your claim.
“While neither inherently innocent nor inherently savage, children are
nevertheless not yet fully formed. They are pliable, and therefore, highly
suggestible, and they are prone to dangerous experimentation. They respond
to depictions of violence by becoming violent themselves. Conversely, thank
goodness, they also respond to depictions of good by becoming good.
Children will become whatever they read about.”
From Perry Nodelman, The Pleasures of Children’s Literature
(Continued)
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Part III Writing (100 points)
On your answer sheet, write a well-organized, well-developed essay of 3-5 paragraphs on
one of the topics below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Recently the CEO of Kasikornbank, Mr. Banthoon Lamsam, blamed Thailand’s political
problems and even the shortcomings of the country’s education system on materialism
and a definition of “success based on material gains.” To what extent do you agree with
Mr. Banthoon? How does materialism affect the quality of life in modern-day Thai
society?
Last week a student taking the university entrance examination was caught cheating by
means of a wristwatch with a built-in mobile phone and text service. Other stories of
exam cheating are regularly reported in the press. In your opinion, how pervasive is
cheating among students? What motivates it, what can be done to stop it, and how
seriously should the authorities treat it?
It is often said that travel broadens the mind. But in the age of mass tourism, travelers
are more likely to meet other travelers than locals, and thanks to globalization, urban
centers are filled with the same brand-name shops the world over. Given these trends,
just how educational is travel today? Can travel really teach us much about foreign
peoples and their cultures?
As part of a global effort to raise awareness of the seriousness of the problem of
greenhouse emissions, the Bangkok government agreed to join with other large cities
around the world in a campaign to encourage local residents to give up their cars for a
day. In your opinion, how meaningful is such a campaign? How likely is it that people
in Bangkok will leave their cars at home, and are there other approaches the government
could take to reduce the city’s pollution problems?
(Continued)