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SÃO PAULO AND NET 10
FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY
COOPERATION PROGRAMM URB-AL
FINAL DOCUMENT
SÃO PAULO CITY HALL
MUNICIPAL SECRETARIAT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
SEPTEMBER, 2005
This document was prepared with financial support by the European Union. The contents
are under total responsibility of Network 10 Coordination and do not necessarily reflect the
opinion of the Coordination of URB-AL Program.
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SUMMARY
I. Presentation Letter of São Paulo Mayor, JOSÉ SERRA
II. Presentation Letter of International Relations Secretary, HELENA GASPARIAN
III. Introduction: the cities international role in the XXI Century
IV. Globalization and urban poverty combat: the cities’ great challenge
V. The URB-AL Program: an innovative proposal of international cooperation
VI. São Paulo and the Net 10 (2002-2005)
VII. Conclusion: experiences in urban poverty combat and new challenges
VIII. Bibliography
IX. Appendix
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I. Presentation Letter of São Paulo Mayor, JOSÉ SERRA
SÃO PAULO AS A GLOBAL ACTOR
Over the last years, sets of changes have made the cities look for foreign resources to
guarantee a sustainable economic development. The objective made possible the creation
and the implementation of public policies turned to solve problems derivatives from urban
growth.
São Paulo is always a pioneer when it has to face a challenge. The international actuation of
the city, that has these characteristics of a big metropolis, is, in the sense of modernization,
focusing the improvement of life quality of its population. As a cause of that, São Paulo was
always ahead of its time, looking for cooperation, the affirmation of a detach place in the
world.
The extern actuation of São Paulo City Hall has been detached, because of the conventions
assigned or internationals pacts, or because the strategies of creation divulge activities,
investments attraction and participation in the main nets of cities.
Because of this all, São Paulo reached its place in international scenario. The Cooperation
Program URB-AL, promoted by European Commission, represents an important project of
international cooperation in which took place our city, whose results, is it show in this
Document, are positive in what concerns to the debate of urban poverty.
This program proposal – in which São Paulo coordinate Net 10, Urban Poverty Combat –
incentive more the approach with other cities in Latin America and Europe, producing
innovative proposals and detaching the leadership of the city of São Paulo.
Through this cooperation, during these three years, we realize that is possible look for
united solutions to problems that are common in several areas, and for those, the collective
action could come as the best alternative. The approach with several cities results in a new
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way to do politics, in what adopts the cooperation as a central axle to build common values.
On Net 10 the URB-AL Program, São Paulo could offer its experiences to small cities, and
learn with new partners. The Net growth and the possibility to share experiences mark the
several activities of São Paulo City Hall and the Secretariat of International Relations.
We keep on working in order to amplify the city net of cooperation, and to this partnerships
results in the creation of better public policies, in the poverty combat, in the development
and economic growth of São Paulo and the inclusion of its citizens.
São Paulo does not stop to grow and because of this, look to the world with the objective of
building a better future.
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II. Presentation Letter of International Relations Secretary, HELENA GASPARIAN
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND CITIZENSHIP
The cooperation has became, over the last decades, one of the central activities of new
actors that started to get space in international scenario. The cities are included in this roll of
new international actors that got to project interesting, got results that had positive impacts
on the citizens life, either guarantee a bigger society inclusion, either improving the
democracy quality.
In the case of the cities, cooperation has became one of the ways of finding share solutions
to common problems. One of the main problems that we are following is the urban poverty.
To fight against it, several studies show the implementation of governmental policies that
could be improved, though the knowledge and understanding of successful internationals
experiences.
With the objective to solve problems and create sustainable policies, that promote the
growth of the city, and the welfare of population, the São Paulo City Hall faced and
assumed initiatives in several areas in the international field during the last years.
One of the main experiences of URB-AL Program, a cooperation decentralized program of
European Union that has as a target incentive the interchange between the cities of
European Union and Latin America. The proposal is develop direct partnerships among
local governments, regional and civil society, creating an environment to interchange new
experiences and knowledge.
The city of São Paulo had the privilege of participating in this innovative program,
assuming the coordination of Net 10, on August, 2002, promoting the thematic debate
“Fight Against Urban Poverty”. We could, during these last years, collaborate with the
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debate about the improvement of quality of local public policies to combat the urban
poverty in the cities, and stimulate reflections about the alternatives to reinforce the
citizenship.
This final document of Net 10 of URB-AL Program is a result of three years of work, that
was looking for development of solutions to local problems and regional common to
different cities, The stimulation of cooperation and the search for set solutions is detached in
the whole projects and activities developed during this period.
This report shows that the City of São Paulo, though its International Relations Secretariat,
has been working for the improvement of society quality of life, count on the cooperation as
a parameter to more effective international action.
With the conscious that is necessary continuous working in order to give to all citizens a
better life and warranty rights, São Paulo keeps the commitment of incentive the debate
about the urban poverty combat. And continuous looking for new partnerships to amplify,
each time more, its net of cooperation.
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SÃO PAULO AND NET 10 – FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY
FINAL DOCUMENT
By: Janina Onuki1
International Relations Teacher of PUC/SP and researcher of CAENI/USP.
September, 2005
III. INTRODUCTION. THE CITIES INTERNATIONAL ROLE IN XXI CENTURY
The cities roles in politic and economic international scenarios. The new paradigm of
contemporary international relations. The international acting in the city of São Paulo.
INTRODUCTION
The target of this report is showing the activities results of “Net 10 - Fight against urban
poverty”, a member of Cooperation Program URB-AL. This program started in 1995 and
has the objective to incentive the decentralized cooperation between cities in Europe and
Latin America.
The proposal of URB-AL program is creating an international net of cities, organized
thematically, stimulated in exchanging experiences and establishing cooperation around
common themes of interest among cities. Besides the cities direct involvement – without the
intervention of the central government – at this initiative, the other program objective is to
stimulate the participation of non-governmental actors (foundations, union organizations
and academic institutions).
The job methodology is based on organizations of common projects that seek to deepen the
debates of a common theme among the several partners. The members of a Net are
coordinated by a city that shows the project in one of the convocatories calls by European
Union.
1
This report counted on Karoline Antunes collaboration (graduation student at International Relations Course
at USP and assistant researcher of Caeni/USP).
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In the case of NET 10, coordinated by the city of São Paulo, since August, 2002, the
proposal is to debate the theme “Combat the Urban Poverty”. The Net has the objective to
improve the quality debate of local public policies to combat urban poverty in the cities
involved in the project. The Launch Conference of Net 10 took place in São Paulo, on April,
14 thru 16, 2003, when the work groups were organized due to the elaboration of the
projects.
During this two-year period, Net 10 advanced in the debate of common project of
decentralized cooperation and in the formulation of new public policies that allow a search
for alternatives to combat urban poverty and the reflection of options to straighten
citizenship. The URB-AL program experience, and its several Thematic Nets, revealed that
in the last decade the perspectives of cooperation among the subnational units, the cities in
particular. The incentive to cooperation, for regional and international organizations, took a
bigger approximation between the cities, and emerged strongest as an alternative to the
development and solution of local problems, in a complementary operspective of local
government actions.
The deepen of economic interdependency took the necessity to search for alternatives for
the non-governamental and subnational organizations to solve social problems. It became
clear that the poverty question demands intervention, not only of public policies in a federal
level, but also, in the regional and local levels, able to realize more specifically the problems
dealed by its populations.
This final document reports the main advances conquered by Program URB-AL Initiative
and “Net 10 – Fight against urban Poverty” and confirms that programs like this from
European Union could stimulate more the cooperation and the search for mutual solutions
for common problems.
The results of this analyses shows the possibility to spread this cooperation, the creation of
patterns to bigger participation of the cities as international actors, and the definition of
concepts that could be a model to reflect about the possibilities to spread the citizenship and
reduce social exclusion and the poverty levels.
This report is divided in three main parts:
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I - The first part debates how the cities won a stand outed role in the international plan in the
last years, and how the cooperation wide this space. The first parts of this report also give us
an analysis of how the academic literatures of Internationals relations adopt this theme as a
research object.
II - The second part debates the concept of urban poverty and social exclusion, emphasizing
the evolution of studies in this field, and the subsidy of this researches to the proposals
elaboration and the new policies to combat social problem of poverty.
III - The last part explains how the cooperation URB-AL program works and the projects
developed by Net 10, its evolution and results.
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THE INTERNATIONAL ROLE OF THE CITIES
In the last years, the counties started to protagonist a never seen before role in the
international scenario, as organizers of a new foreign policies agenda or as entities of public
power with own interests and policies, destined to serve demands in local level so far
inexistant. This movement started with the debate of globalization since the 80’s, and with
the entrance of new actors in the international relations: NGOs, labor unions and civil public
or private associations that started to influence national States, the multilateral organisms
and the transnational companies.
At that period not much attention was given to the counties and states governments debate,
as new actors of international relations. But in the last years, the fact of subnational units
look for own resources to their development, made it get a straight attitude in the regional or
international integration process. The increase of interdependency and the expansion of
globalization process started to locate the subnational units in a new level that all are
considered agents in the economic development, qualified to look for own resources and act
internationally. (VIGEVANI, 2005).
The counties involvement in the constitution of an own international agenda has two main
vectors. The first refers to intermediate of interests, by municipal secretariats responsible for
policies representation, throughout projects, intermediate resources that deals with public
policies on interest of the County, in several different areas (health, education, social
programs, administrative staff training, etc); the second refers to the international insertion
properly, starting from a new agenda of elaboration and obtaining results from public
policies that were introduced in the municipal level.
Not so much time ago, the counties international activities were to represent the County in
events and follow the protocol requested. Some few Counties, the biggest ones, could get
resources in financing agencies for social programs and the International Relations Adviser
articulates the local power involvement in this projects.
Regarding the subnational units limitations in terms of formulation process of foreign
policies (constitutional limitations), in the last years the arise of International Relations
Secretariats in several Counties and State Governments, put it as an independent actor of
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international relations, in the way it started to act not only in the foreign representation, but
also in what refers to the resources caption policies in investments area and trade.
We should mention also the emergency of new themes in internationals relations
(investments, human rights, terrorism, environment degradation, etc), in the line of counties
and State government attributions.
The grow of cities actions in the international level create academic studies and a debate
among different theories lines in Social Sciences. But it’s still insufficient the debate about
this sbject in the field of International relations. Because the main theories lines of
International relations, emphasize the National State role as the main actor in the
international system and dedicate zero weight to subnational entities. Some lines of studies
emphasizes the role of interest and pressure groups, but do it having in mind other groups
(ONGs, businessman, ecc.).
Nevertheless, starting from the 80’s, it emerges two new generations of studies dedicated
specifically to understanding the role of subnational entities in the international plan.
The first generation of studies about this subject was dedicated specifically to understand
the relation between federalism and foreign policies, it means, was worried about analysing
the subnational units competence in international relations.
The second generation of studies in this area, about the emergency of cities as international
policies actors in front of the globalization process and economic internacionalization,
become strong in the 90’s, and it was made properly in the theoric field of Sociology. This
way of thinking tries to understand the emergency of global cities, most of all in the role of
transnational net formation.
The central worry of the first chain – “federalist” – was to understand the emergency
phenomenum in the subnationals entitities in the international relations plan, under the
optica of “competence spheres”. It means, understanding the inter-relation between the
subnational powers (in the state and municipal level) and the Central Government in the
formulation process and the conduction of foreign policies of countries2.
2
See: MICHELMAN, H. e SOLDATOS, P. (eds.). Federalism and International Relations: the role of
subnational units. Oxford: Oxford UniSeesity Press, 1995. ALDECOA, F. e KEATING, M. (eds).
Paradiplomacy in action: the foreign relations of subnational goSeenments. Frank Cass Publications, 2000.
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What is stand outed in this chain is the effort of conceptual definition to subnational units
actions. Two concepts were used to understand and distinguish these actions: the
paradiplomacy (considered as legal activity, inside the subnational actors role of
competency (municiples and state governments, called by the literature of “non-central
governments”) constitucionally estabilished). And the protodiplomacy (that is defined by
the set of called illegal activities )3.
The second generation of studies turned specifically to analyse the role of subnatinals units
(particularly the cities), is the corrente sociologic that become strong starting from the 90’s
(Saskia Sassen, Borja e Castells etc.)4. This approach is focused on the simultaniety of
State-Nation crises in front of the toughness of globalization process and the emergency of
transnational powers, which them, the cities as global actors.
According these studies, the cities emergency as key global actors came from a whole of
process in distitive dimensions: interdependency increase between cities; share of common
problems tipically pertinant to local circuit, the concentration of power resources
(population, investiments, trade transactions, ecc.) and the identity criation.
THE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO
Taking the change context in international relations and the definition of subnationals units
as international actors, the city of São Paulo started to act more organized in the sense of a
paradiplomacy. Some Brazilian cities had already counted on the experience of a
Secretariat (or assistance in some cases) turned exclusivelly to international relations.
São Paulo created its International Relations Secretariat (SMRI) in 2002. Since then, the city
created an agenda, starting from the definition of some prioritary axles of actuation that it
would organize all the activities in the City Hall of the city. The main objective of this
3
. See BACHE, Ian e MITCHELL, James. Globalization and UK Regions: the Prospects for Constituent
Diplomacy. Paper apresentado na seção de workshops, Mannheim, 26-31, março, 1999.
. See CASTELLS, M e BORJA, J. “As cidades como atores políticos”. Novos Estudos CEBRAP, n º 45, julho
de 1996, pp. 152 a 165; BORJA, J. e CASTELLS, M. Local y global: la gestión de las ciudades en la era de la
información. Taurus Pensamiento, 1997 e SASSEN, Saskia. “Whose City Is It? Globalization and the
Formation of New Claims”. In: LECHNER, Frank J e BOLI, John (Eds.). The Globalization Reader.
Blackwell, 2000.
4
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Secretariat was “amplify the participation and the city interaction as a actor paradiplomatic
of internationals relations”. It means, its creation emphasizes a project that englobava all the
policies developed to the city had an amplified participation in international spaces often by
several internationals actors non-states, whose the acting was incrising in the last years.
Since then, the actuation of International Relations Municipal Secretariat is amplifying and
covering several areas. Among the main activities developed by IRMS since 2002, we could
stand out four items: 1- Internationals Cooperation. 2- Relations with Foreign Comunities 3Participation in International Nets of Cities 4- Development Promotion and Foreign
Investments Atraction.5
From this list, the item that should be stood out is the cooperation area. It’s clear the
attribution priority to international insersation policies and to perform it totally, the
responsabilities were divided between the responsable coordinations for the international
cooperation development in specific areas in the world, counting on also with the direct
participation of International Relations Secretary and the Gabinete Chief in several contacts
and actions inside this field.
We could affirm that the biggest project of internacional cooperation developed by the City
Hall, from 2002 to 2004, was the URB-AL Program (which for was created a exclusive
coordination), counting on the techinical and financial support of European Union.
In what concerns to the importance of policies of international insersation, the participation
in international nets of cities and local authorities should be stood out. These internatinal
nets have the objective of joining cities to acting together in several important themes to
international relations.
There are specific nets, as the ICLEI (Local Governments for Sustainability) that is
concentrated in the sustenable development, in more amplified nets, as the CGLU (Cities
and Local Governments United) that has the representation assured in cities all over the
continents and seach for act in a more active way next to United Nations Organiztions and
its agencies turned to the urban development. São Paulo also participates activelly in the
5
Maurício Fronzaglia organiza e analisa, na sua dissertação de mestrado, todos os sete eixos de atuação da
Secretaria de Relações Internacionais da Prefeitura de São Paulo. See: FRONZAGLIA, Mauricio. Unidades
subnacionais e Relações Internacionais. O caso da cidade de São Paulo (2001-2004). Unicamp, 2005.
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Mercocities Net, that act in the circuit of regional integration, followed by the well succed
example of Eurocities, that had an important role to cities inclusion and local governments
in the policies and administrative struture of European Union.
Analyzing, in a more amplified way, the whole activities developed by IRMS during the last
three years, it’s clear that the emphasis of actions in the first two years looked for
amplification and concretization of international decentralized cooperation, was it in
thecnical caracther or financing and, in the last year, to the development promotion and
foreign investments atraction. Part of the positive results of these actions could be seen in
the evaluation of the main activity which envolved the São Paulo City Hall: the URB-AL
Program, object of this report.
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THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AS A
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PRIORITY
The international cooperation got importance in the 80’s, it’s because of the arise of several
regimes and international organizations that started to regulate the actors behavior in several
areas, or because the non-governmental actors start to use cooperation to increase the
legitimazy and the positive results of its actions.
In the case of subnationals actors – the city of São Paulo, in particularly – the cooperation is
used to deepen the relationship among other actors, and the financial resources transfers and
techinical knowledge. The ccoperation emerge as the main tool to incentive the
development of set projects that attends to search solutions to common problems.
The fact is that the cooperation was always stronger in the nationals state level, most of all
because the prerrogative of taking decisions alsways belonged to this actor.Nevertheless, we
could say that the cities started a new pattern of cooperation, that is llegal limitated, it has
showed specific results in what concern to resources conquer and technology experiences
and policies came from developed countries.
It has gotten an increasement in decentralized cooperation, which takes place on the
subnational units, and has resulted in the identification causes of main problems and in the
looking for new public policies. The decentralized cooperation become na important
channel to resources transfer and exchange experiences, as much that European Union
created its own agency to decentralized cooperation, the URB-AL Program.6
In the case of Subnationals units, and in the specific case of the city of São Paulo, the
international cooperation happened as one of the main axles of actuation. The cooperation is
dentify in the agreement or convention signature, intention letters, and other complementary
activities to the agreements cooperation stabilished between Brazil and the other
governments or organizations.
About the development way, the cooperation could be technical (transfer and exhanging
experiences and/or knowledgement), financing (envolving the financing resources transfer)
or could contemplate these two dimensions. In what concerns to cooperating partners, it
6
Also the World Bank keeps na agency to this kind cooperation, the Cities Alliance.
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could configurate in horizontal cooperation (the one immplemented by the other subnational
units) or as a vertical cooperation (designed by the cooperation done between the
subnational units and States or International Organizations).
Since its creation, the Municipal District of São Paulo, throught of IRMS, assigned several
international cooperation agreements having as partners, the subnationals units, central
governments and multilaterals organiztions. The reach areas of these agreements are also
diverse, envolving big part of municipals secretariat.
As we will notice on this report, the cooperation became one, among others, of the ways to
do the international activites of São Paulo City, obtaining positive results in a short period
of time. And, in this area, the URB-AL Net become the main program under the
responsability of International Relations Secretariat.
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IV. GLOBALIZATION
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AND FIGHT AGAINST URBAN POVERTY: THE GREAT CHALLENGE TO THE
CITIES
Conceptuals aspects of urban poverty. Public Policies and fight against poverty experiences.
The Net 10 – Fight Against Urban Poverty.
CONCEPTS ASPECTS OF URBAN POVERTY
In the last years, we’ve had lots of advancement in the debate and in the definition of a
poverty and social exclusion concept. This advance accompanish the problems evolution
arising from the cities urbanization and the asocial assimetry and the economic growing,
even though it has not been always accompanied by the implementation of strong enough
public policies to combat it.
The debate around the poverty question increased in the 80’s, starting more dynamic studies
that searched to cover the complex thematic that this subject demanded. These studies
represented a step ahead in the researches about urbanization theme, so far concentrated in
literature produced by urban sociology. (MARQUES 2005).
Overcoming this emphasis that prevailed during the 70’s, these new studies looked for
debating the poverty question not only as position diveded by international position of
National State as subdeveloped actor, made by its dependency condition in relation to rich
countries. But developed works that had the focus on the attempt to identification of
poverty reasons and debating colecttive intervention manners that could give better
conditions of living to a specific population.. “The predominant tedency in the studies field
was replaced by this structure without a subject to subject without structure”.7
Meanwhile, as showed by Eduardo Marques8, is not possible homogeneity the poverty
concept, and create na unique way to mesure it. It’s because the heterogeneidade of
problems, its origin, the locality that it refers, creates “multiple dimensions of
7
8
KOWARICK, Lucio. Escritos Urbanos. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2000. Apud MARQUES, 2005.
MARQUES, Eduardo e TORRES, Haroldo (orgs.). São Paulo: segregação, pobreza e desigualdades. São
Paulo: Editora SENAC, 2005. Capítulo 1.
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poverty”9.”The dificulty to define a unique form to mesure the poverty and socila exclusion
is clear in the sevaral proposals showed for countries and for international organizations.10
It’s possible consider the general pattern to guide evaluations in studies therms (what
sevaral agencies are trying to do to evaluate in a comparative wy, the level of poverty and
exclusion), but is not possible to ignore the sevaral ways and poverty origins that demand
interventions and distinguish public policies.
Several agencies of international organizations, governments and non-government
organizations, are searching for define general criteria to calculate the urban poverty11.
There are several factors that try to explain the poverty determination: since the low
scholarity, low salaries, unumployment, dificulties to have a residence, halth, ecc. In fact,
the variables should be considered, according to the area, and the conditions of each
locality, looking for situate the poverty in time,”considering the social structure and
institutional valid, not only express in funtion of gains”.12
Vasconcelos and Batista13 put attention on a concept defined by the economist Amartya
Sen: “so important as having their own basic necessities answered is have conditions – ways
to function and a set of habilities- that allows to satisfact this necessities”. It means, the
level of well-being and the social inclusion conditions should be consider not only the
property of materials goods, but also avaiable conditions to real access opportunities to
realization of necessities. For this reason is difficult to keep criterias of comparison between
developed countries and in development.
But to assure therms of comparison, it is necessary to adopt an analyses methodology. In
this sense the literatures have adopted, more commonlly, the poverty line as an analitic
structure. Generally, poverty lines are defined in absolute therms or relative. The absolutes
9
ROCHA, S. Pobreza no Brasil: afinal do que se trata? São Paulo: Editora FGV, 2003.
It’s necessary to remember that poverty and social exclusion concepts are concepts treated, many times, in a
separeted level. Nevertheless, their treatment in a associated way, as mentioned by Eduardo Marques (2005),
from the idea that they are a process built together, makes as they can be thought only in a dynamic way.
10
11
For a global sight about the measurement models of urban poverty conducted by different international
agencies and the diferentiation of variables that must be included on the evaluation of the coutries from Latin
America and Europe, See: VASCONCELOS, Fredimir e BATISTA, Sinoel. Documento de Base.
Coordenação da Rede 10 – Luta contra a pobreza urbana. 2004.
12
LAVINAS, Lena. Documento de Base. Rede URB-AL 10 – Luta contra a pobreza. 2004.
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poverty lines adopt as defining elements of poverty level “the minimum gains necessaries to
a family survive”. Instead the relative poverty lines adopt “ the wider definition of poverty,
normally associate to specific public policies”.
The adopted methodology in the last decades took some basic elements: employment,
residence, education, health and adolescence. During the 90’s, there were some advances in
the debate about criterias to define poverty levels, including new themes, as a definition of a
bigger participation in decisory process of a social life14. This criterias has been built and
adopted as common mesures to calculate the diference between countries, with the objective
of search coordinated activites to improve quality life in diferent populations.
The result of this debates was shown, inicially, in the World Cupula about Social
Development, organized by United Nations (ONU) in 1995. This meeting was central to the
stabilishment of a commitment among the 117 participants countries, in the sense to
erradication poverty until 2015.
Creating a general criteria, it’s possible to assure therms of comparison, including countries
in Europe and Latin America. This evaluation is relevant in the sense that also guarantee the
possibility to improve cooperation proposals between actors in diferent areas, as it is the
experienced case of URB-AL Program.
The PNUD (United Nations Program to Development) propose the creation of Human
Development Indicator to mesure poverty. The IDH consider non-monetary factors and
mutidimensions that allow comparisions in international level answering the necessity of a
pattern to mesure poverty.15
Besides the advance in serveral studies, it seems that there isn’t a single information about
what poverty and exclusion are. But it is necessary to deal with these themes as a social
question related directilly to the city, and strating from this conscious, looking for the
implementation of specific public polices distinguished to these areas.
13
VASCONCELOS, F. e BATISTA, S. Op. Cit.
VASCONCELOS, F. e BATISTA, S. Op. Cit.
15
Vasconcelos e Batista stand out a new qualitative methodology created by three entities – NEPSAS from
PUC/SP and the NGOs INPE e Polis – that proposes the built of an index of social inclusion (defined by a set
of variables – autonomy, life quality, human development, equity, democracy, citizenship and happiness) for
the elaboration of local strategies due to reducing poverty.
14
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The recent studies stand out the necessity of a complementation to these two proposals.
“The poverty could not only be defined in terms of surviving material levels, but also it
should consider individuals that, despite of the fact that they could survive above the
minimum, don’t have access to important benefits of urban modern society, as education,
basic sanitation, health, culture and social integration”.16
PUBLIC POLICIES AND EXPERIENCES OF FIGHT AGAINST URBAN POVERTY
The work advance, in the 80’s, about the urban poverty subject, was followed about the fact
that its combat was strictally related to the subnationals units cpacity in the implementation
of public policies, in a way to complete the actuation of federal governments, considered
more efficient to solve problems and criation of social citizenship.
This perception was incrising in the manner that the cities and the municipals got to
mobilizate in a fast way, other actors, private or non-governamental organizations. It
became more evident that the policies to combat poverty and exclusion should configurate a
“mix national-local”17, and the cities – however with specifities in what concers to local
problems – could exchange its experiences in a way to acquire new tecnologies and
implement new policies whose the results showed positives.
Some examples of public policies to combat urban poverty that were succed, are mentioned
in the Document Guide of Lena Lavinas, at that time, senior econmist of OIT: the program
example of minimun wage in Portugal is interesting. Starting from the program, it was
created Local Companions Comissions (CLAS), formed by a net of partners with the
objective to promote social inclusion, increasing the autonomy of beneficiaries families
(with trainning ocupational courses, support in searching for a job, formation, health,
residences, ecc.).
This experience shows the programs consistences whose management and implementation
are decentralized. The programs of minimun wage concepeted by central government in
MINGIONE, E. “Urban PoSeety in the Advanced industrial world: concepts, analysis and debates”.
MINGIONE, E. (org.). Urban PoSeety and the Underclass. London: Blackwell, 1996. Apud MARQUES,
2005.
16
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countries as France, Belgium, Portugal and some areas of Spain, are success because the
decentralization in the implementation process. Lavinas also shows that in the case of
Brazil, some strategies more well succeed to combat poverty, come from local iniciative.
THE NET 10 – COMBAT AGAINST URBAN POVERTY
The São Paulo City, counting on the support of several European cities and Latin American,
conquered in 2002, the net 10 coordination of URB-AL Program, called “Fight Against
Urban Poverty”. The main objective of Net consists, basically, in the quality improvement
of local public policies to combat urban poverty in the european and Latin America cities.
Throught the constitution of a Net of partners cities, the proposal was the implementation of
exchange experience information developement and the knowledge of public policies
between the several local government envolved.
Preceding the Net lauch conference, the sending of a questionnaire to the partners, to
evaluate the urban poverty concept, in a way to verify if it was possible some kind of pattern
(conceptual and in the measure way) to starting from this point, starting to debate ways to
overcome this problem. With the questionnaries answers, made by the European and Latin
American members of Net, it was possible to create a map of how each partner cities
interpretate the poverty and exclusion notion.
Verifing that there are several concepts, always directlly associated with the main problems
that each city face of. So, we could reaffirm the fact that poverty comprehension cross
multidimensions factors.
Vasconcelos and Batista, already mentioned, synthetize in a Net 10 base document, the
evolution of work and partners contacts: On Net 10, the concept of “poverty was defined as
lack of citizenship. In such case, its combat pass though the building of citinzenship,
democracy and empowerment, give voice to populations in poverty situations”. This
definition came from the perception that “the seach for multisectorials indicators and
multidimensions is a demand for the majority of projects turned to build local strategies to
See: LAVINAS, Lenas. Rede 10 URBAL – Luta contra a pobreza urbana. Document guide. Mimeo, 2004.
SARACENO, C. Social Assistance Dynamics in Europe. UK: THe Polity Press, 2002.
17
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reduce poverty, as pointed in the final conclusions of Special Program for Public
Management and Citizenship ”18.
These were the objectives that guide the actions in the city of São Paulo, in the program
URB-AL.
18
Summary document. Práticas Públicas e Pobreza. São Paulo: FGV, 1999. Apud VASCONCELOS E
BATISTA.
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V. THE URB-AL PROGRAM: AN INOVATIVE PROPOSAL OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Cities Net and inernational cooperation. Historical of creation and fuctioning of Net URBAL, its proposals and activities. Approved projects and developed. Concluded Projects.
CITIES NET: NEW PATTERNS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
In the last decade, we could identify the capacity amplificationof non-state in the
international plan. The most part of these actions are conducted by identification and
coodination of interests, and seardh for information that could contribute to local and
regional development. This coordination happens, generally, with the formation of nets.
This nets are manners to overcome the relative local isolation produced by the process of
globalization. Some actors call attention to a the fact of existence of cities net – and other
nets too is an indicative of creation and streighten of civil global society, accept that is
through cities net organizations canalize the citizen actuation, and if create concrete
institutional spaces to coletives actions.19
The cities nets represent, therefore, a high level of organization that shows a horizontality
relation, breaking this way the common hierarchyzation to tradicional international entities.
Mauricio Fronzaglia20 stand out the “main characterists of cities net:
a)
Absence of a central command – in the cities net, the relation among them, happens
in a horizontal way, don’t have na hierarchy. There is a division of fuctions and
responsabilities, principally in the part related to financial control of net and the adhesion
control. There is a thematic nucleous around the cities that meet and mobilize in the search
for common objectives.
b)
Geographic Global Reach and Regional Mark – the cities net act in an international
scenario with a reach never before immagined, its principal net – CGLU – has a global
reach and is a source of cooperation with the international comunity. In the same way, the
macro regional of nets has influenced the regional integration process. And, even the nets
19
TEIXEIRA, E. “Participação cidadã na sociedade civil global”. Lua Nova, 46, 1999.
20
FRONZAGLIA, Mauricio. Op. Cit.
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with more specific objectives, has the mundial reaching cohesion and proximity to its
partners.
c)
Agility – As its horizontal structure na the new techonoliges use, the nets are fast as
taking decisions.
d)
Actors Wealth – the nets aglomerate and insert in the international scenary, lots of
policies actors – governamentals or not – that, in another, way would have a fragile
insertation. The wealth of actors- several cities and foreign partners, as in the case of URBAL- stimulates the dialogue and the democratization of big international themes.
e)
Democratization of Knowledgement – conffirmed by the characteristics listed above,
the nets allow the knowledgement sharing that is in fact, a democratization to combat some
specific problems that are common to its members. Besides, it has became vital to stand out
through nets the smallest cities that without too much experience in international area could
participate in international cooperation activities.
f)
Members proximity – fundamental characteristics to deepen democratic dialogue in
the looking for common objectives”.
Starting from this characteristcs, we could identify a new pattern of cooperation among the
subnational units, marking the paradiplomatic action in an efective way in what concerns to
the results. The experience conduct by European Union, with the cooperation program
URB-AL, that we will read about in the next chapter, shows the way the cities, particularlly,
the city of São Paulo, started to wide its actions in the international scenary.
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THE URB-AL PROGRAM
Among all the international cooperation activities developed by the city of São Paulo in
actual management, the URB-AL deserves special attention. First of all, because is the first
knowing program and exclusivelly developed to increase the decentralized cooperation
among cities of Latin America and European Union, there are no participation or
interference of central government. Second, is not only a resources fund that should be sent
to projects elaborated by a specific city. The URB-AL Program is a trully international net
of decentralized cooperation, where the cities should be organized in groups, debate the
projects elaboration, to then receive the financial resources avaiable to this.i
The URB-AL is a decentralized cooperation program of European Union turned to main
area of urban public policies, destinated to Latin America and Europe local collectivities
participation, as well other urban sectors that demonstrate interest to come in.
The criation of URB-AL Program, in 1995, answered the demand for development of
decentralized mechanisms of cooperation, in local level, keeping in mind the increasing role
performed by cities, as European cities as well Latin America cities, in the improvement of
social-economical conditions and in the population quality of life.
Become, strating from this point, a reference in the international area among cities of
different continents, being recognized in Cimeira of Rio the States Chiefs and Government
of these two areas, as an important toold to concretization of priorities related, most of all, to
fighting against poverty and the social exclusion, the promotion and the protection of human
rights and the development of na information society.
The URB-AL Program is included among the policies priorities of coopertion between
European Union and Latin America, defined in three Comission communications:
“European Union- Latin America - actuality and perspectives of partnership reinforcement
(1996/2000)”, “A new partnership European Union/ Latin America in dealbar of century
XXI”, “First and Second Cimeira between
Union”.
Latin America, the Caibas and European
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Its laws bases are structured in the CEE nº 113/92 Regulament, of European Council, on
February,25, 1992, that deals with the financial and technical support and economic
cooperation with the in development countries in Latin America and Asia.
Participating in the project local collectivities, named cities, urban aglomeration, regions
and provinces since their authorities has been elected in a democratic way.
It’s also possible the participation in another entities that are not classified in the local
collectivities categories, but are dedicated to work in urban sector, for example ONGS,
associations, foundations, universities, companies, unions.

In European Union, the program embodies inicially the following countries: Germany,
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherland, Portugal, United Kingdom and Sweden.

In Latin America, the creation of Net, it could participate collectivities of Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela.
The basic idea consists in interchange the experience between several localities as a way to
search fixed solutions to main challenges faced by the cities. Its proposal embodies a
decentralized developement system and activites managements, allowing the free clustering
of participants, according to theirs tune in, in one or more themes related to the cities. As a
result, expect the increasing of international contacts betwen the two regions, which will
serve as a base to development of new projects.
The main objective is stregthen the locals collectives capacity action to promotion of
economic social and policies development. The viability of this effort is conditioned, by one
hand, to formation and capacitation of human resources next to local authorities, and, by the
other hand, the partnership promotion between the local collectivities and civil society
representants. Obviouslly, the development proposal should be role by observance of local
specificities. There is a special worried to garantee to small and medium cities more space
in cooperation in international level.
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The URB-AL is in its second phase. The first phase was a result of European Union
decisions on December,20,1995 and on February,19,1998, that determineits organization
around eight themes (Nets):
NET
COORDINATED CITY
1- Drugs and city
Santiago of Chile
2- Conservation of urban history contexts
Italian Province of Vicenza
3- Democracy in the city
Issys-les-Moulieaux, France
4- The city as promoting economic
Madrid, Spain
development
5- Urban Social Policies
Montevideo, Uruguay
6- Urban Environment
Malaga, Spain
7- Management and Urbanization Control
Rosario, Argentina
8- Urban Mobility Control
Stuttgart, Germany
The fuctioning structre is the following : to each theme, is created a net, that embodies all
the participants interested on cooperating together in this area, being coordinated by only
one local collective. To the net coordinator competes garantee the indformation difusion
among the participants, organize periodical meetings of work and keep permanents contacts.
Inside de thematic nets are elaborate and execute common projects, that aim at to deep the
central theme in relation to specific themes. The exchange experience is key factor to look
for possible solutions and concrete to main problems around the phocus theme.
In the first phase of the program, it was developed more than 50 common projects,
involving thematics, such as: the information system about drugs, the municipal
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management guide about the impact of turism in historical context, the mechanisms of
consultation to reinforce the democracy in the city, the creation of democratics schools and
participatives to youth, transnational agency to employment, health promotion, solidary
economy, and others. These themes consolidate as a important field research about the
urban problems, among several common projects.
The total budget for this first phase, that took 4 years long, was E 14 million euros.
Common projects role were priorized by a geography diversity, counting with a cofinancing of 50%, until the limit of E100 thousand euros each. There was just one kind of
common project, turned essencially to good pratices difusion, with the maximum duration
of 3 years long.
The direct consequence of efforts was the program consolidation as a field of urban
problems investigationc without precedents in Europe and Latin America, counting with the
participatin of more than 1200 localities.
The projects sucess of first phase made with European Comission decided in December,
2000, gave continuity to URB-AL program, wider and diversification its activies and
increasing its financing resources. The second program phase results from the decisions of
December, 19,2000 and July, 31,2001, has been choiced five new themes to complete the
first phase,as show21:
NET
COORDINATED CITY
9- Local Financing and participative budget
Porto Alegre
10- Fight against urban poverty; residence
São Paulo
11- Women Promotion in the local decisions Barcelona, Spain
instances
12- Cities and information society
21
Bremen, German
The formation of Net 11 was foreseen, Habitation in the city, but there was no candidate city approved by
European Union.
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Valparaiso, Chile
The second phase reach a period of 5 years long, with an amplified budget of 50 million
euros. To this phase, was built a net to each theme, coordinated by a local collectivity,
grouping, in the maximum,200 local collectivities. The comunitary financing conceded to
nets coordination cover, in the maximum, 70% of costs, could reach the amount of 500
thousand euros, including a period of 3 years. The coordinator of thematic net will assume
the other 30% of costs.
Inside of the thematicss nets, are developed two types of projects:A and B, with the
maximum duration of two years. The participants have wide autonomy to choice the
common projects to be developed inside the thematics nets, since it keeps relation with the
focus theme. The number of participants of a common project could vary from 5 to 15,
respecting the geographic distribution beetween European Union and Latin America.
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There are two common projects type:

The type A projects aim at develop experiences exchange between the participants and
allow the pratices difusion, corresponding to common projects of first phase.

The type B projects, that consist on the news at URB-AL Program, dedicated to
concretization, by realizations, of the results in exchanging experiences, should occour,
necessarilly, in projects of first phase or projects of type A of second phase already
conluded. The type A projects have as main targets the exchange experiences, the lectures
realization, elaboration and realization of programs, everything turned to formation; the
development of dignosis missions and factibility studies, also the reinforcement mesures of
municipals actions visibility. Contain from 5 to 15 participants, with a minimum of two
participants of European Union and 3 of Latin America; proceed from at least four diferent
coutries. There is the possibility of an extern member inclusion for each group of 5
participants.
The balance proporcioned between Europe and Latin America respect the proportion 1/32/3. The co-financing is at the limit of 70% of costs, respecting a maximumof 250 thousand
euros. The methodology consists in the elaboration of common project, with priorization of
activites consummated in the set of local collectivities.
The projects type B, in it turns, turns to the functioning of services and collective
equipments, the consummation of a masterplan project that could be reproduced in other
local collectivites that participates in a common project, the restauration of cultural goods
with a common patrimonial value and the transfer and adjusting of system information
opened to local collectivites
The proportional balance among the European and Latin- American participants is the same
of projects type A. The co-financing is also of 70% of csts, but could reach 800 thousand
euros. The methodology used consists in the colective elaboration of common project, under
the responsability of coordinator and with the support, if necessary, of coordination cell,
being possible the concentration of activities in a local colectivity.
The participation on URB-AL Program is possible though proposal presentation, that will be
evaluate by European Comission, in charge of conception, development and following the
program, also deciding about the subvention of attribution. Once is select the proposal, is
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celebrate a subvention contract between the Comission and the net thematic Coordinator or
the common project, according to the circunstances.
In January, 2001, the Federative Relations Advisory of External Relations Ministery sent to
São Paulo City Hall informations about the deadline and the inscriptions conditions to the
cities interested in coordinate new nets of URB-AL Program. The city of São Paulo, by
IRMS, started to work in the elaboration of a project of work to coordinate the program Net
10 : “Combat the Urban Poverty”.
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VI. SÃO PAULO AND THE NET 10 (2002-2005)
Launch Conference: São Paulo and the coordination of Net 10 (April/2003). Objectives of
Net 10 (improve the quality of local public policies to combat urban poverty). Identification
of common problems, work agenda.Workgroups formation. Peoject proposals showed to
European Comission.Results.
HISTORICAL OF NET 10
The theme of fight against urban poverty, including the second phase of the URB-AL
Project, took to the creation of Thematic Net Number 10, whose the several proposals was
showed to its coordination.
The São Paulo locality showed a coordination project, under the title of Fight Against Urban
Poverty, askig to European union the amount of 500 thousand euros, corresponding to 63%
of the total cost.
The imperatives in the sense of developement of policies to combat poverty is necessary in
São Paulo. The locality has a population of 10,4 million people (2001), from this number
589,1 thousand families chiefs are in poverty situation and 3 million of people live in slums,
tenement-houses or irregular settlements. From the 96 districts, in 73 of them, where live 8
million people, the situation is majority of exclusion. The data, speak for itself, showing the
motive of interest in this thematic.
The proposal essence showed consisted in the formulation of new pratices of elabortion and
implementation of public policies turned to combat poverty, though a decentralized system
of management, with emphasis in the exchange of participants cities, that would have access
to new approach of quantitaty and quality identification of urban poverty.
The expected result, in a period of 3 years, was the improvement of local public policies
quality turned into the combat of poverty in Latin America and Europe. There was a
prediction of building a net of cities from both areas, turned into exchanging information,
knowledgement and experience, keeping in mind the construction of durable bowknots
between the local autarchy to viabilize future projects, to be possible though a common
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project proposal type B, coordinated by the city of São Paulo, that will be show, on
April,2006.
The project also showed to foresee the construction of tools and instruments to allow the
local authorities identify the poor population in a qualitative and quantitative way, keeping
in mind the existent problems and poverty repoduction, as also the common dificulties faced
by the cities, the solutions formulation and the implementaion in a short or medium period
of time.
The specific objectives contained in the proposals were:
1.Incentive the permanent exhange by a fast process of comunication and information
transfer between the members of Net 10 “Fight Against Urban Poverty” and reach its
absolute funcioning in latin-american cities and the European Union that adhere to Net.
2.Promote partnerships and motivate the formation of sub-nets between cities to the
development of common projects united with other social actors as civil society entities.
3. Identify the main problems, experiences and commmon interests of cities in the thematic
of Fight against Urban Poverty.
4. Divulge and dissemintae good pratices of local public polices development, giving
visibility to Net and URB-AL Program.
5. Reinforce internal structures and work pluri and intersectorial inside the São Paulo City
Hall and other autarchie and local powers.
6. Become national and international in the theme of combat poverty and social inclusion
and motivate a increasing number of cities to integrate the Net though the increasing of
capacity to combat poverty and social development of urban areas.
The local proposal of São Paulo was selected by European Comission. Since October,
2005, compete to City Hall, the coordination of Net 10 – Fight Against Urban Poverty,
that has as a main target the improvement of local public polices quality to combat poverty
in Latin American and Europe. With the porpose to reach this goal, act as an articulation
between the local autarchies in the creation of partnerships that result in the implementation
of long term actions, with support of European Union.
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In the quality of thematic net coordinator to combat poverty, competed to São Paulo City
Hall organized it strating from a the constituion of a coordination cell, responsible for
animation, management, exchange experiences and net members information,as well the
promotion to abroad of its activites. Besides this, would be in charge of select a group of
experts, responsabile for the elaboration of a base Document, to serve as a set reflection
about the theme, offering techinical support, and for the realization of a Launch Seminary,
that would mark the befinning of the activites of Net, with the forecast of two annual
meetings.
The Coordinator Group was composed by the International Relations Secretariat and the
the Social Assistence and Development, Labor and Solidariety, Habitationand Urban
Development Secretariats. Untill the end of the govern in 2004, the Executive Coordination
of Net 10 count with five advisors, in several areas(projects, communications, information,
accounting).
At the beginning, the Net had 140 partners, of this number 108 local governments and
regional, and 32 extern, composed by cooperation agencies and civil society institutions. In
the total were envolved 24 countries, 17 of them were from Latin America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela; and 7 of European
Union: German, Belgium, Spain, France, Greece, Italy and Portugal.
The base document was elaborated in three guide documents, elaborated by David Gordon,
of Bristol University, Lena Lavinas, of OIT/ONU and Gustavo Riofrio, of Desco, and the
questionnaries answered for the partners of Net 10. In the final version, search to
contemplate
specially
the
contributions
provenient
of
conferences.
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CHONOLOGY OF NET 10 PROJECT
Net 10 support activally the elaboration of common projects type A to be shown in the
European Comission Convocatory.
The comunication and animation of Net were developed through several instruments, that
helped on the work divulges, in the contact between the partners and the incentive to
exchange experiences.
It was constant the analyses of several indicators of poverty, adopted in the national and
international circuit, whose debate were consignated in the guide and base document. It
tryed to point out ways to change the actual poverty indicators of urban poverty, that
envolves access to health, education, culture, citizenship exercise, social inclusion.
During this project, it was adopted the following instruments of communication: daily
accompany of all electronic messages sent to coordination cell of Net 10, from the partners
as well the other people and entities interested on Net 10 work; periodic communication of
partners by e-mail; telephone contacts with representan of cities/entities; internet website
and monthly electronic bulletins and cominicates/invitations to events organized by Net 10.
The Net 10 website, www.urbal10.sp.gov.br, transformed in an important vehicle of
divulgation of work development, being available in four official languages of URB-AL
Program.There was a preocupation with the continuous improviment, by reestruction layout
and the facility of partners access and web visitors. On June, 2004, took place the Official
Launch of new website, during the Fair and International Congress of Cities, Urbis, 2004,
that count with three great areas: Net 10 ( what is the program), urb-al (the net, partners,
programming, projects and coordinations)and Midia (links to interviews with specialist and
partners, divulgation of events).
The divulge of information occured also by bulletins sent by e-mail, translated into the four
official languages of the program. The electronic bulletins were elaborated in the total of 29
and two of them were special: Andine America and Sucre.
The base document had the objective of conceptuationof urban poverty and social exclusion
phenomenon, pointed out its main agents and looking for ways to face it. The initial text
was elaborated starting fromthree documents guide: Subsidy to the Construction of Fight
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Against Urban Poverty – Lena Lavinas; Urban Poverty in Europe and Latin America: a
European View – David Gordon; Poverty and Desiquality in our Cities: A vision to urban
authorities — Gustavo Riofrio. After this, it was incorporated the themes debated in the
Launch Conference.
The sistematization of the base document was written by the economic journalist Fredimir
Vasconcelos. Besides the guide documents, it was used a document elaborated by the Santo
Andre City Hall and another write by Professor Antonio Elizalde, principal of University
Bolivariana of Chile.
The LAUNCH SEMINARY
OF
NET 10, took place on April, 14 thru 16, 2003, in São Paulo,
Brazil. During these three days of work, 12 countries were representanted, 62 local/regional
governments and 23 civil society organizations, in the total of 230 partners that contributed
to the elaboration of 25 common projects. Also, some under experienced cities received
some technical visits such as the cities of Diadema, Guarulhos, Santo André and São
Bernardo.
The debates were about the following thematic axles:
a) employment, wage, micro-credit, autonomy construction and the role of emancipatories
policies,
b) net protection to citizenship and social risk monitorization
c) social habitation,
d) management of public policies of cities;
e) indicator and concepts: mesure of urban poverty and evaluation of policies to combat it.
The conclusion pointed some aspects and necessities, in what concerns to face problems
related with poverty:
1. Articulation and constitution of social protection systems, through the formation of public
policies nets, in a way to coordinate and articulate multisectorally the access to public goods
and services, indispensable to social inclusion strategies construction and the stregthen of
society participation in the government decisions assure this way, the absolute exercise of
citizenship;
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2. Formulation and management of public policies of combat poverty and social inclsuion
promotionin a integrated way inter and intra sectorially;
3. Defense, next to nationals gestors of macroecomics policies formulation, of actions
generates of wages, wage redistribution and iniqual combat;
4. Promotion the popular and solidary economy, to local economic development and the
generation of employment and wage;
5. Stregthen of micro-credit programs destinated to small and micro companies;
6. Promotion of policies of education, health, socail habitation, basic sanitation, security and
urban mobility as a way to garantee the attedance of population basic necessities and avoid
the consolidation of formation cycle of urban poverty composed in great part by absence of
wage and access impossibility to goods ans public essencial sevices.
7. Streghten of institutional capacity and techincal hability of public gestors,as well the the
strgthen and formation of social capital next to civil society to the implementation and
projects management integrated inter and intra-sectorially;
8. Streghten of participative process in the management, conception, implemetnation and
public policies evaluation of goods production and public services;
9. Studies of identification of sustenable financing sources to combat poverty actions and
social inclusion promotion;
10. Strategy adoption of monitoring (though indicators) and permanent evaluation of
impacts produced by the action of implementation of public policies to combat urban
poverty and social inclsuion promotion.
Continuous efforts were made in the sense of increasing the number of partners in the net.
The second step, the focus turned into the incoporation of new partners of North Europe.
The Net, in this final phase, counted on 378 members, from this amount 269 local
government and 109 extern partners, of 28 countries in European Union and Latin
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America22, overpassing the previous number. There was special emphasis in the search of
adehasion of small and medium cities.
The net 10 arrives to its third year with the number of partners bigger than foreseen for the
three years of activities. This is a refletion of mobilization work and continue animation on
2005, that has one of characteristics the incorporation of a big number of small and medium
cities. The ampliation is most of the divulgation results of Net 10, always emphasizing the
quality of net and its sustenable.
Parnters AL/EU
October 2003
October 2004
October 2005
Local Governments
167
228
269
Extern Partners
58
99
109
TOTAL
225
327
378
The nets URB-AL has a stipulate limit of 200 local government and any number of extern
partners (entities, foundations, universities, companies, unions and NGO´s). As NET 10
shows a tendency to transpass quickly this limit, creatd the figure of observatories-partners
– local governments with the same rights, but the expenses to participate in net meetings
should be pay by their own.
The Net 10 partners , 117 are from European union and 261 from Latin America and
distributed as follow :
Partners Distribution
Latin America
European Union
TOTAL
Partners of Full Powers
122
58
180
Observators Partners
64
25
89
Extern Partners *
75
34
109
* This number includes three international NGO´S)
22
To the 17 countries in Latin America, incorporated after, the Costa Rica. And the group of countries in
Europe, associated to Finland, Holland and England.
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Partners cites origin:

Latin América:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Equador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and
Venezuela

European Union: Germany, Belgium, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Holland,
England, Italy and Portugal.
To elaborate the diagnosis regarding to poverty combat, two questionnaries were sent to
partners, whose information were tabulated.
The Net 10 act in the elaboration and construction of common projects proposals introduced
in the Convocatories of European Comission. Meeting were organized to debate the logic
mark, structure and proposals content and have permanent contact with partners to clarify
doubts.
By the intermediation of Net, the local governments could show a common project proposal
to European union, obtaining the financing to a project tht reunite a minimum number of
cities. The porposals could be sent in the two convocatories, on April, 30 and October,31.
During this three years of activities, were showed to Brussels 49 projects type A, 18 of them
were approved (17 of type A and one type B). There is the foreseen to send at least six
proposals in the Convocatory of October, 2005.
Besides the Launch Conference and the Annual Meetings stabilished as obligatories by
European Comission, were assigned partnerships to the realization and other seminaries
turned to thematic debate of poverty and the difusion of concepts and methodologies
adopted by Net.
The national/regional meetings were possible by entities alliance, intitutions and local
governments. They are looking for:

Stregthen of cooperation instruments between net partners of intersectorial form,
feerative and between this and the internationals agencies.
NET 10
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Assure that net was a reference in the ambit of URB-AL Program territory in the fight
against urban poverty with the realization of debates, problematic studies, information
library and cooperation forms.

Formation of work groups to deepen the debate in several thematic axles of faces the
problem.

Presentation of a dynamic fuctionament of URB-AL Program and the thematics nets.
The following meetings took place:

First Regional Meeting of Fight Against Urban Poverty in San Salvador (El Salvador).
June,2003.

Second Reginal Meeting of Fight Against Urban Poverty, on Mexico City -DC (Mexico).
December, 2003.

Third Regional Meeting of Fight Against Poverty, in the city of Sucre, Bolivia.
September, 2004.

VII Social Policies Comitee of UCCI and IV NET URB-AL 10 Meeting of fight against
urban poverty( Latin America) on November,2004, São Paulo
On the first convocatory of European Union, in April, 2003, it was sent a common project
type A proposal, named “Methodologies and tools to creation of Social Inclusion
Observatories in the cities”, coordinated by the city of Saint Denis (France). This project
was approved and it already has its activites concluded. The project type B apporoved in
the Convocatory of April,2005, named “Ciudades Y Ciudadanos/As Por La Inclusión
Social”, coordinated by the city of Montevideo, come from the sub-net envolved in this
project, from the acumalated experiences in its development.
From the 27 formulated, 16 were approved to the second convocatory on October, 31,
2003, being approved 4 of them (stood out), as it is shown in the next table.
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PROJECT
COORDINATED CITY
El Municipio Como Ente Promotor del Desarroleo Local:
Ayuntamiento de Alcalá
Intercambio de Experiencias Sobre el Desarroleo de Estrategias
la Real – Spain
Económicas y Sociales
Capacitación de dirigentes de la economia solidária y
Ayuntamiento de
fortalecimiento de los actores representativos del sector
Badalona – Spain
Social Inclusion though Intersectorials Policies"
Belo Horizonte City Hall
– Brazil
Know how to care – Garantee of child and adolescence right in
Campinas City Hall –
personal and social risk situation to a familiar convicence
Brazil
La administración local como garante de la atención a los
Consell Comarcal de
adultos mayores y generadora de nuevos yacimientos de
l’Alt Empordá – Spain
empleo. Intercambio de experiencias, revisión de políticas y
elaboración de propuestas
Identification of instruments of incentive to work education
Diadema City Hall –
Brazil
Integrated Management of social policies to a bigger
Guarulhos City Hall –
effectiveness and universality in combat of poverty
Brazil.
Instrumentalize the localities to combat poverty
Jacareí City Hall –
Brazil.
Turismo de calidad: factor de identidad local y generador de
Ajuntament de Lloret de
empleo
Mar – Spain.
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Intercambio de Experiencias en la administración de Bancas
Municipalidad de Palpalá
Sociales de Asistencia Financiera y Programas de Micro Crédito – Argentina
a Micro y Pequeñas Empresas Urbanas
Security Alimentary Indicators in our cities
Piracicaba City HallBrazil
Construcción de modelos sociales de intercambio de buenas
Regione de Marche –
prácticas en el area de la Planeación Social
Italy
Public policies Guide of health to combat poverty and improve
Rio Grande da Serra City
quality of life
Hall – Brazil
Los Nuevos Pobres - estratégias, métodos y herramientas de la
Comune Di Roma – Italy
lucha contra la nueva pobreza urbana y para la inclusión social
Evaluación de Impacto Social de las Políticas de empleo em
Municipalidad de
ciudades de América Latina y la Unión Europea
General San Martín –
Argentina
Integrated Management: new way to fight the poverty and social Santo Andre City Hall,
exclusion
Brazil
In the second Conference of Net 10 – that took place on February,2004, result in the
elaboration of 27 common projects of type A, and from this,11 were sent to appreciation of
URB-AL Coordination in European Union on the third convocatory by April, 31, 2004,
five of them were approved (stood out in the table).
II NET 10 CONFERENCE – SÃO PAULO, FEBRUARY,2004
-
Theme: Poverty as Human Rights Violation.
-
176 participants: representant of 17 countires in Latin América and Europe.
-
47 Organizations of Civil Society, related with the thematic Net 10.
-
129 representants of local governments of Latin América and Europe.
-
28 Proposal Common Projects.
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PROJECT
COORDINATED CITY
Intercambio de Experiencias de los Gobiernos Locales, en la
Ayuntamiento de Alcalá
Lucha Contra la Pobreza Urbana
la Real, Spain
Common Methodology definition to elaborate a map of social
Caxias do Sul City Hall,
Exclusion/Inclusion
Brazil
Rehabilition of metropolitan peripheric areas and socioeconomic Province of Genova,
development of urban rural aglomerates
Italy
Use of potencialization of georefenciates information systems
Guarulhos City Hall,
in the projects of youth poverty combat in urban periphery
Brazil.
Estrategias integradas para reducir la exclusión social entre la
Ayuntamiento de Lloret
población joven y adulta mayor de 45 años, especialmente
de Mar, Spain
femenina, en el sector terciario
Análisis de indicadores sociales desde uma perspectiva
Ayuntamiento de
territorial
Málaga, Spain
Paupertas in Civitatis
Ayuntamiento de
Antequera, Spain
"PRACTICAR" - Laboratorio de prácticas para el
Rome, Italy
fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas locales de lucha contra
la nueva pobreza urbana
The study of monitoring instruments of integrated programs to
Santo André City Hall,
combat poverty: the implementation of social control and the
Brazil
tools to management and results evaluation
Instruments of integrated management to face the
São Bernardo do Campo
multidimensionality of poverty presence in risk areas
City Hall, Brazil
Pobreza extrema y hambre: Respuestas participativas desde los
Municipalidad Distrital
gobiernos locales
de Villa María del
Triunfo, Peru
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On the fourth convocatory, on October 22nd, 2004, it was sent nine A type commom
projects more, which six of them have passed (stood out in the table below):
PROJECT
COORDINATED CITY
Methodology for the qualification in recovering historical
City Hall of Piraju Turist
buildings focused on young people on poverty
Ranch, Brazil
Formación de personal de municipios para utilizar los
Querétaro County,
programas de cooperación internacional como herramientas de
Mexico
combate a la pobreza em sus proyectos locales
Manual for the urban development of the precarious placements Comune di Latina, Italy
by the children’s dimension
Municipal Policies and Actions of Safe Feeding: Reality, Limits Piracicaba City Hall,
and Inter Setorial Possibilities
Brazil
El ausentismo escolar como indicador de violación de los
Municipalidad de Viña
derechos humanos: un reto a las políticas públicas
del Mar, Chile
Bienestar social y metodologías de monitoreo y evaluacion de
Municipalidad Provincial
programas de renta minima
Lamas, Peru
Intercambio de metodologías e indicadores para la evaluación de Municipalidad de
las políticas sociales de empleo en las ciudades de América
General San Martín,
Latina y la Unión Europea
Argentina
Integración de los inmigrantes em la ciudad como forma de
Ayuntamiento de
combate de la pobreza
Granada, Spain
Desarrollo local como estratégia para enfrentar la pobreza
Município de San Isidro,
Argentina.
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III NET 10 CONFERENCE – SÃO PAULO, FEBRUARY,2005
-
Theme: Poverty as a violation of Human Rights: The cities role to reach the
Millenium Goals and equity.
-
200 participants: representants of 14 countires of Latin América and Europe.
-
14 Organizations of Civil Society, related with the Net 10.
-
76 representants of local governments of Latin América and Europe.
-
19 Common Projects Proposals.
On the fifth convocatory, in April 2005, it was sent 13 proposals of commom projects in
order to be evaluated by the European Comission. They are 12 type A projects and 1 type B
project.
The commom type A proposal is the following:
PROJECT
COORDINATED CITY
Análisis del impacto de la gestión participativa en Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
la lucha contra la pobreza urbana
Aula de técnicos para la participación ciudadana e Diputación de Barcelona, Spain
inclusión social
Creación de empleo y recuperación ambiental –
Província di Génova, Italy
cooperación entre diferentes agentes locales
Potencialidades y compromiso locales para la
Municipalidad Distrital de
institucionalización de un programa comun:
Independencia, Peru
pobreza y exclusión social cero em las ciudades
Transferencias de experiencias de economia Municipalidad de Olavarría, Argentina
solidária y micro crédito, como estratégia de
lucha contra la pobreza urbana, TEPAM
Alianza para el desarollo de las capacidades para
Municipalidad de Pergamino, Argentina
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la lucha contra la pobreza urbana y la inclusión de
los pobres a través de los espacios públicos.
(ADECIPEP)
The “Ecomuseu” nets in the international
Comune di Pigna, Italy
experiences fighting against urban poverty.
Culture, ethnic-racial relations and human rights Salvador City Hall, Brazil
in the urban contexts.
Formulación de uma metodologia de intervención San Isidro County, Argentina
integrada para el fortalecimiento de la ciudadanía
en assentamentos urbanos precarios
Young people’s right to the city: survey and
São Bernardo de Campo City Hall,
methodologies for the formulation of public
Brazil
policies focused on the youth in situation of social
vulnerability, as a measure of fighting against
poverty.
Survey about the instruments of popular
Santo André City Hall, Brazil
partcipation in the local governments as good
measures for fighting against poverty
Construción de lineamientos de intervención
Ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia
integral
Common Project Proposal, tupe B: “Ciudades y
ciudadanos/as por la inclusión social”
Montevideo, Uruguay
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Subjects approched in the approved common projects

Social Inclusion Observatory in the cities.

Intersectorials Policies.

Cities role in policies to third age.

Cities capacitation to combat poverty.

Health policies guide to combat poverty.

Stregthen public policies to fight against poverty.

Territorialization of social indicators.

Integrated strategies to reduce the social exclusion of youth and adults.

Use of georeferency information systems in projects to young.

Extreme poverty and hungry

Immigrants in the city

Methodologies and evaluation indicators to employment policies

Policies and municipals actions of alimentary security and intersectoriality

Personal Formationto international cooperation programs

Urban Development of precarious settlement to child dimension

The schoolar absence

Employment Criation and Environmental Recuperation

Cities and citizenship for social inclusion.
When all the convocatorys are summed, 18 type A commom projects have passed in the
European Union as it is shown on the table below:
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Cidade Coordenadora
Saint Denis - França
Belo Horizonte - Brasil
Alt Empordá - Espanha
Jacareí - Brasil
Rio Grande da Serra - Brasil
Roma – Itália
Málaga – Espanha
Lloret del Mar – Spain
Guarulhos - Brazil
Villa María del Triunfo - Peru
Granada – Spain
General San Martín - Argentina
Piracicaba - Brazil
Querétaro - Mexico
Latina – Italy
Viña del Mar - Chile
Gênoa – Italy
Montevideo – Uruguay*
Valor Total
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Orçamento total Montante financiado pela U.E.
€ 385.314
€ 250.000
€ 261.099
€ 182.769
€ 357.142
€ 250.000
€ 144.924
€ 101.447
€ 371.200
€ 250.000
€ 490.000
€ 250.000
€ 250.000
€ 175.000
€ 355.454
€ 248.818
€ 295.844
€ 207.091
€ 409.396
€ 249.996
€ 366.160
€ 249.500
€ 357.360
€ 247.350
€ 277.625
€ 194.337
€ 335.962
€ 235.147
€ 309.850
€ 216.895
€ 306.946
€ 212.930
€ 381.990
€ 249.821
€ 1.143.000
€ 800.000
€ 6.799.265
€ 4.571.101
The commom project “Cities and Citizens for the Social Inclusion”, is the first Type B
project approved until today at the Urbal 10.
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VII. CONCLUSION. EXPERIENCE
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IN THE FIGHT AGAINST URBAN POVERTY AND NEW
CHALLENGE
General Evaluation. International Action in the city of São Paulo. Perspectives of
international cooperation between cities (European Union-Latin America).
This document has the objective to present the results of the activities promoted by Net 10,
coordinated by the city of São Paulo, in the scope of the international cooperation project
between the cities URB-AL. In this report it was dimensioned the action perspectives of the
city as an international actor, the evolution of the concept of poverty and the exchange of
experiences about improvements in the creation of public policies for fighting against
poverty and social exclusion.
The description of all the activities developed by the Programa de Cooperação URB-AL,
created in 1995, and of Net 10, entitled “Combate à Pobreza Urbana” – coordinated by the
São Paulo City Hall – are examples of comtemporary iniciatives adequated to the
international changes occurred in the last decades. It’s getting more and more evident the
perception that the perspectives of solving social problems represents a big challenge for the
sub-national actors and the non-governamental ones - general speaking -, facing the growing
problems which come from the quick urbanization of the cities and the population growing.
Poverty became not only the absence of basic itens that could guarantee the survival of a
family, but also the fundamental indicator of citizenship. It means that the policies against
poverty must also take into account the calculation of policies aimed to education, culture,
leisure and all the proposals, which could lead to a bigger inclusion of the citizens in the
everyday of his/her city.
In this context, it’s also clear that the realization of these policies (and the search of external
resources for their realization) doesn’t pass exclusively by the central government’s hands,
but it has increased the responsibility of the cities. In other words, the cities started to act
straighter into the resources collecting and in the atraction of investments for the solution of
local problems and for the economic development.
As we could observe, one of the best actions are the international cooperation agreements,
conducted directly by the cities (in an action entitled ‘paradiplomacy’). On this way, the
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participation of São Paulo city in nets of cities, and specialy in the cooperation program
URB-AL, has revealed an important iniciative, whose results have been very positive, as it
is shown on this report.
The proposal of the European Union is providing resources for the realization of commom
projects, encouraging the discussion of important themes for the involved cities, working as
a stimulus for the articulation of them. The identification of commom problems, whose
commom solutions could also be shared, is an experience that has never been seen before.
The results of the URB-AL Program and the Net 10 activities, with many projects
presented, and the development of the validated projects resulted in one of the mainly
experiences of international cooperation among the non-central actors, which São Paulo
participates. In the specific case of São Paulo City Hall, the contact with other members, the
other cities’ possibility of articulating and organizing, has pointed the increasing presence of
the city through the International Relations Bureau, in the international scene.
This final document has resumed the projects that were developed through this period in the
scope of the Net 10 of URB-AL, showing that the cooperation activities are a way of
efficient action in the solution of problems linked to the cities.
This experience also points to the creation of new perspectives, involving more and more
sub-national actors in the field of the international relations. The stimulus to the creation of
new cooperation programs and academic studies about this theme must be encouraged.
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VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliographic references updated: discussion of international acting in the cities, debate
about urban poverty and references about the international cooperation .
ATKINSON, T., CANTILLON, B., MARLIER, E. and NOLAN, B. Social Indicators. The
EU and Social Inclusion. OUP, Oxford, 2002.
CARVALHO, Mônica de. “Cidade Global: anotações críticas sobre um conceito”. São
Paulo em Perspectiva, vol. 14, nº 4, SP: Seade, out-dez 2000, pp. 70-82.
CASTELLS, M. e BORJA, J. “As cidades como atores políticos”. Novos Estudos Cebrap,
nº 45, julho. SP: Cebrap, 1996, pp. 152-166.
ELIZALDE HEVIA, Antonio. Ética e Democracia no combate à pobreza urbana.
Documento de Guia. Net 10, URB-AL. 2004.
FRONZAGLIA, Mauricio. Unidades Subnacionais e Relações Internacionais. O caso da
Cidade de São Paulo (janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2004). IFCH/UNICAMP. Dissertação
de Mestrado, 2005.
GORDON, David e FAHMY, Eldin. Urban Poverty in Europe and Latin America:
a European View. Documento de Guia. Net 10, URB-AL. 2004.
KOWARICK, Lucio. Escritos Urbanos. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2000.
LAVINAS, Lena. Rede URBAL 10. Luta contra a Pobreza Urbana. Documento de Guia.
Mimeo, 2004.
MARQUES, Eduardo e TORRES, Haroldo (orgs.). São Paulo: segregação, pobreza e
desigualdades. São Paulo: Editora SENAC, 2005.
MICHELMAN, H. e SOLDATOS, P. (eds.). Federalism and International Relations: the
role of subnational units. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, 334p.
PORCHMANN, M. (org.). Desenvolvimento, Trabalho e Solidariedade. São Paulo: Editora
Cortez, 2002.
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RIOFRÍO, Gustavo. Pobreza e desigualdades em nossas cidades. Uma visão para as
autoridades urbanas. Documento Net 10, URB-Al, 2003.
RODRIGUES, Gilberto. Política Externa Federativa: Análise de ações internacionais de
Estados e Municípios Brasileiros. São Paulo: PUC-SP, Tese de Doutorado, 2004.
SASSEN, Saskia. As cidades na economia mundial. SP: Studio Nobel, 198 p., 1998.
VASCONCELOS, Fredimir e BATISTA, Sinoel. Net 10 – Luta contra a pobreza urbana.
Documento Base. SMRI, 2004.
VIGEVANI, Tullo (org.). A dimensão subnacional e as relações internacionais. São Paulo:
EDUC, 2004.
VIGEVANI, Tullo. Problems for International Activity of Sub-National Units: the Brazilian
Case. First Global International Studies Conferecence. ISA. Istanbul, 2005.
WACLAC – World Associations of Cities and Local Authorities Coordination. City-to-City
Cooperation: Issues arising from experience. NY: 25th United Nations General Assembly
Special Session, 6-8 June 2001.
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IX. APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Sumary framework of the approved projects
FIRST CALL (April 2003):
1- Project title: “Methodologies and tools for the creation of social inclusion observation
points in the cities”
Coordination: Saint-Denis
Participants : Buenos Aires; Montevidéu; Porto Alegre; São Paulo; Barcelona; FAMSI
(Fondo Andaluz de Municipios para la Solidaridad Internacional)
The project goal is to strengthen the local capacity to analyse, to evaluate and to coordinate
the publics policies of social inclusion. His pertinent and big relation with the Network 10 is
to permit a systematization of
knowledge on the subject and a developpment and a
reinforcement of the methodologies and instruments of analyse, strengthening the capacity
of cities to respond to the problems and to find solutions.
Contacts:
Saint Denis
Celine Guyon
celine.guyon@ville-saint-denis.fr
http://www.ville-saint-denis.fr/choix.htm
SECOND CALL (October 2003):
2- Project title: “Social Inclusion through Inter-sector Policies”
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Coordination: City Hall of Belo Horizonte – Brazil.
Participants: Municipal Del Partido de Azul – Argentina, Ilustre Municipalidad de El
Bosque – Chile, Municipalidad Provincial de Paita – Peru, The City Hall of São Paulo –
Brazil and COHRE Americas (Center on Housing Rights and Evictions), Ayuntamiento de
Avilés – Spain, Ayuntamiento de Málaga – Spain and the Câmara Municipal de Vila Real
de Santo António - Portugal.
The project’s intention is to promote social inclusion through inter-sector policies, thus
creating a methodology for integrated actions to economize resources.
Contacts:
Belo Horizonte
Fernando Damata Pimentel (Prefeito): grin@pbh.gov.br
Hugo Vocurca Teixeira: vocurca@pbh.gov.br
Alexandre Rocha Araújo: arochaa@pbh.gob.br
3- Project title: “The local administration guarantees attention to adults and generation of
new jobs, the exchange of experiences, revision of policies and elaboration of proposals”
Coordination: Consell Comarcal de l’Alt Empordá – Spain
Participants: Municipalidad de Ate – Peru, Municipalidad Distrital de Chorrillos – Peru,
The City Hall of Goiânia – Brazil and the Municipalidad del Rimac – Peru and CEPAD Centro para la Participación y el Desarrollo Humano Sostenible (Center for the Participation
and Sustainable Human Development) – Bolivia, Ayuntamiento de Santa Cruz del Tenerife
– Spain, Trieste (Instituto Triestino Per Interventi Sociale) – Italy and Ayuntamiento de
Málaga - Spain
The proposal deals with the insertion of Senior citizens in the promotion of social activities
and the job market.
Contact:
l’Alt Empordá
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Rosa Guixé Valls: ccaemp@ddgi.es
4- Project title: “Supply instruments to the locations for the fight against poverty”
Coordination: The City Hall of Jacareí – Brazil.
Participants: Municipalidad de Ate – Peru, The City Hall of Campo Grande – Brazil, The
City Hall of Diadema - Brazil, The City Hall of Goiânia – Brazil, Municipalidad Distrital de
Rio Negro – Peru, The City Hall of Santa Maria – Brazil, Universidade Nacional de
Quilmes – Argentina, Câmara Municipal de Vila Real de Santo António – Portugal and
Espiral Entidad de Serveis- Spain.
Intends to set up a management information system to map poverty in the regions.
Contact:
Jacareí
Marco Aurélio de Souza (Prefeito): gabinete@jacarei.sp.gov.br
Maria Cristina de Paula Machado: mcristina.paula@jacarei.sp.gov.br
Alexandre Amorim: amorim@firewall.jacarei.sp.gov.br
5- Project title: “Manual of public policies regarding health in the fight against poverty and
betterment in the quality of life”
Coordination: The City Hall of Rio Grande da Serra – Brazil.
Participants: Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Government of the City of Buenos
Aires) – Argentina, Ilustre Municipalidad de El Bosque – Chile, The City Hall of Mauá –
Brazil, Municipio de Moron – Argentina, The City Hall of Rincão – Brazil, The City Hall of
São Paulo – Brazil and The City Hall of Santo André – Brazil and the Associação de Saúde
Mental José Martins de Araújo Júnior (the José Martins de Araújo Júnior Mental Health
Association) – Brazil, Aversa – Italy, Provincia di Milano – Italy, Trieste – Italy, Espiral
Entidad de Serveis – Spain
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Focused on a section of the population in a mental health risk situation and those with
handicapping illnesses, forecasting the creation of an intervention guide with suggestions
for the inclusion of these people in the job market.
Contact:
Rio Grande da Serra
Adler Alfredo Jardim Texeira: kiko_psdb@yahoo.com.br
Maria Luiza Leão Salerno Malatesta: saude@riograndedaserra.sp.gov.br
THIRD CALL (April 2004):
6- Project title: “PRACTICAR - Laboratory for the practice of strengthening local public
policies in the fight against the new urban poverty”
Coordination: Rome (Italy)
Participants: Buenos Aires, General San Martín, Pergamino (Argentina), Sao Paulo (Brazil), San
Joaquín (Chile), Aserrí (Costa Rica), Ate (Peru), Rioja (Peru), Bogotá Distrito Capital
(Colombia), Valladolid (Spain), Provinzia di Prato (Italy), Vaasa (Finland), Asociación para
el Desarrollo Social (Social Development Association) (Argentina), Centro para la
Participación y el Desarrollo Humano Sostenible, Cepad (Center for Participation and
Sustainable Human Development) (Bolivia).
This intends to create and release new tools and best practices, in addition to including in
the available human resources the population of the “new poor”, people with higher levels
of schooling who belong to more favorable social classes and who have recently lost their
spending power due to the lack of jobs, among other factors.
Contact:
Rome
Luca Lo Bianco (pol.): l.lobianco@comune.roma.it
Cristina Fortunato (tec): c.fortunato@comune.roma.it
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7- Project title: “Analysis of social indicators from a territorial perspective”
Coordination: Malaga (Spain)
Participants: Granada (Spain), El Bosque (Chile), Navolato (Mexico), Oyon (Peru), Aserrí
(Costa Rica), Fiddem (France), Lima (Peru), Feira de Santana (Brazil)
This project seeks to optimize the analysis of information regarding social variables using a
system of geographical information that can measure the reality, distribution and proportion
of the social problems in the area.
Contact:
Malaga
Francisco de La Torre Prados (pref): pmarin@ayto-malaga.es
Francisca Ramos Monteiro: frmontero@ayto-malaga.es
8 – Project title: “Integrated strategies to reduce social exclusion among poor youth and
adults over 45 years of age, especially women, in the service sector”
Coordination: Lloret del Mar (Spain)
Participants: Ate (Peru), Comune di Montecatini Terme, San Isidro (Argentina),
Ayuntamento de Irun, Paita (Peru), Puerto Montt (Chile), Campinas (Brazil), Universidad
Nacional del Nordeste (Argentina), Espiral Entitat de Serveis (Spain)
This project proposes the creation of integrated action models for two specifically
vulnerable populations: youth and adults over 45 years of age, mainly women. Its objective
is to provide better job skills, and hence more freedom of opportunity, for these people in
the outsource sector.
Contact:
Lloret Del Mar
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Blai Vinaxia: bslloret@terra.com.es
Anna Extremera: aextremera@lloret.org
9 – Project title: “Potential of using geo-reference information systems in projects designed
to fight the poverty of youth in the urban periphery”
Coordination: Guarulhos (Brazil)
Participants: Goiânia (Brazil), Pergamino (Argentina), Província de Torino (Italy), Vila
Real de Santo António (Portugal), Instituto Pólis (Brazil).
What is proposed is the systemization of regional information to subsidize the planning and
evaluation of social projects for young people, whose vulnerability makes them both victims
and perpetrators of violence and other social problems
Contact:
Guarulhos
Eloi Pietá (pref): prefeito@guarulhos.sp.gov.br
Luis Carlos Fabbri (Sec.RI): luizfabbri@guarulhos.sp.gov.br
Renata Lazaro (assistente): renatalazaro@guarulhos.sp.gov.br
Elizabeth Afonso (Assessora SMRI): elizabethaffonso@guarulhos.sp.gov.br
10 – Project title: “Extreme Poverty and Hunger: Answers from local governments and
movements / social organizations”
Coordination: Villa Maria del Triunfo (Peru)
Participants: Maranguape (Brazil), Las Margaritas (Mexico), Vila Franca de Xira
(Portugal), Saint Gilles (Belgium), Neiva (Colombia), Urban Management Program/
Habitat/UN.
The proposal is based on the identification of needs, an analysis of present policies and,
following this research, the elaboration of strategies to address verified answers.
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Contact:
Villa Maria del Triunfo
Washington Ipenza Pacheco (Pref): despachoalcaldia@hotmail.com
Raquel Barriga Velazco: praxis6rb@hotmail.com
FOURTH CALL (October 2004):
11 –Project title: " Integration of immigrants in the city as method of fighting poverty."
Coordination: Granada, Spain
Participants: São Paulo (Brazil); San Salvador (El Salvador); Junín (Argentina); Quito
(Equador). Nanterre (France). FAMSI (Fondo Andaluz de Municipios para la Solidariedad)
– Spain.
The central axis of the project is the role of the city in the migratory process. The citizens
emigrate in the cities and in the cities come the citizens. In this sense, the emigrant bring
differents cultures,societies, economies and, generally, identity and local developpment.
Contact:
Granada
Eva Martin Pérez: eva.martin@imfegranada.es
Telesfora Ruiz Rodriguez: telesfora.ruiz@imfegranada.es
Jose Alfaro Gómez: oficina.cooperacion@imfegranada.es
12 – Project title: "Interchange of methodology and indicators for evaluating the social
employment policies in both Latin American and European Union cities"
Coordination: General San Martín, Argentina
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Participants: São Paulo (Brazil); San Salvador (El Salvador); Junín (Argentina); Quito
(Equador). Nanterre (France). FAMSI (Fondo Andaluz de Municipios para la Solidariedad)
– Spain.
Contribute to the amelioration of the employment politics in the cities partners by the
practice of
models systematized of following and evaluation. Also, to bring together
informations about the employment situation of each city member, as politics, concretes
actions of fight against desemployment, evaluation programs, results obtained etc...
Contact:
General San Martín
Ricardo Leonardo Ivoskus: correo@sanmartin.gov.ar
Lidia Lucia Naim: desarrollosocial@tutopia.com
Lic Maria Celia Pota: maricesaini@hotmail.com
13 – Project title: "Municipal Food Safety Policies and Actions: Reality, Limits and CrossSectoral Possibilities"
Coordination: Piracicaba, (Brazil).
Participants: Campinas (Brazil); Rio Claro (Brazil); São Bernardo do Campo (Brazil);
Chorillos (Peru) e San Joaquin (Chile).
Pigna (Italy); Mendatica (Italy); Arraiolos
(Portugal); Borba (Portugal).
Analyse the actions of Alimentary and Nutritional Insurance, sensitize and give the capacity
to the organizations directors to the management of this actions and therefore to constitute
subventions to strengthen the intersectoriality of the Alimentary and Nutritional Insurance
of the cities.
Contact:
Piracicaba
Barjas Negri: gabprefeito@piracicaba.sp.gov.br
Maria Angélica Guercio (Sec): semdes@ig.com.br
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14 – Project title: “Formation of municipal servants to use the international cooperation
programs as tools to fight against poverty in their local projects”
Coordination: Querétaro (Mexico).
Participants:
Pergamino (Argentina); Junín (Argentina); Arica (Chile); San Xavier
(Bolivia); São Bernardo do Campo (Brazil); Guarulhos (Brazil). Milan (Italy); Padova
(Italy) and San Sebastián (Spain).
The project has the objective to strengthen the capacity of action of the cities governments
and locals organizations, using the international cooperation as an instrument of fight
against the poverty. In the sense that locals governments have a bigger capacity to formulate
and to manage projects of cooperation, they can get more help to respond to the population
needs and their programs have a bigger effect. The capacity is an essential condition to
formulate projects financed by the internationals institutions or by the others cities
concerned.
Contact:
Querétaro
Sandra Schumacher Maurer: sandra@mqro.gob.mx
15 –Project title: “Manual for the urban development of precarious establishments for the
children’s dimension”
Coordination: Latina (Italy).
Participants: São Paulo (Brazil); Tres de Febrero (Argentina); Fernando de la Mora
(Paraguai). Vila Real de Santo Antonio (Portugal). Ordine degli Archetti, Pianificatori,
Pasesaggisti and Conservatori di Roma e Provincia.
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To promote, in the big urbans aeras and in the others cities, the amelioration of the
management of the urban environment in the way of the children’s dimension in the
precarious aeras.
Contact:
Latina
Vicenzo Zaccheo(pref):
europa@comune.latina.it
Maria Dolores F. Mayorales Perz: lola.fernandez@comune.latina.it
16 – Project title: “School absenteeism as a human rights violation index: a challenge for
public policies”
Coordination: Viña del Mar, Chile.
Participants: Belo Horizonte (Brazil); Campinas (Brazil); Aserri (Costa Rica). Comuna de
Aricci (Italy); Vila Real de Santo
To ameliorate the management of the locals governments about the creation of opportunities
for the effect of the rights of the education of childrens in poverty’s situation. The exclusion
of the schoolchild’s system is a violation of the fundamentals Rights of childrens. For that,
this project offer to underline the caracteristics of the schoolchild’s systems and the
responsability of the publics politics to ameliorate and to developp opportunities for the
effect of the citizenship.
Contact:
Viña del Mar
Gloria Meza Bahamondes: glomeza@munivina.cl ; gloria.meza@munivina.cl
Amilkar Koenig Duffau:
aka74@hotmail.cl
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FIFTH CALL (April 2005):
17 – Project title: “Cities and citizenship for social inclusion”
Coordination: Intendencia Municipal of Montevideo, Uruguay
Participants: Buenos Aires – Argentina; São Paulo- Brazil; Porto Alegre - Brazil ; St Denis
– France; Barcelona – Spain; FAMSI – Spain (foreign partner)
The proposal of this project is to promote interventions “that improve the comprehension
and knowledge of new emerging phenomenon of social exclusion: they promote the
definition and implantations of social inclusion observatories (…) and support some
initiatives of social intervention executed by organizations of civil society that promote
social inclusion at local level” The importance of the Inclusion-Exclusion Observatories is
expend the dimensions of social vulnerability and check results of public policies to sort
out urban poverty. Finally the project propose to involve different social segments and
move society to the question of poverty and its solution.
Contact:
Montevideo
Alessandro Repetto: area05@provinca.genova.it
Pier Paolo Tomiolo: tomiolo.p@provincia.genova.it
18 –Project title "Employment creation and Environment recuperation – Cooperation
among different local agents"
Coordination: Genova City, Italy
Participants: Brussels Area – Belgium; Puerto Montt - Chile; Ribeirão Preto – Brazil; San
Isidro – Argentina; Morón – Argentina; Rímac – Peru; COHAPAR – Brazil
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This proposal is based on strait relationship between poverty and environment degradation,
once these several popular illegal settlements are located in environment risk zones or in
preserved areas. Besides a diagnosis, this proposal looks for solutions in public policies that
privilege employment creation to improve degraded areas, recovering and valorization of
environment.
Contact:
Genova
Mariano Arana (Pref): secintendente@secgen.imm.gub.uy
Ruben Garcia (Coord.RI): cooprrii@prodo.imm.gub.uy
Cristina Pacheco (RRII): cpacheco@prodo.imm.gub.uy
Lucia Hornes (RRII): urbalmontevideo@prodo.imm.gub.uy
Ana Olivera Pessano (Descentralização): aolivera@piso2.imm.gub.uy
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Appendix 2: Partners Network 10 – Fight against urban poverty
LATIN AMERICA
Argentina
Avellaneda
Azul
Buenos Aires
Mendoza
Palpala – Jujuy
Pergamino
Campana
Rosario
General San Martín
San Salvador de Jujuy
San Isidro
Comodoro Rivadavia
Tres de Febrero
Camilo Aldao
Florencio Varela
Olavarria
Moron
Corrientes
Juan José Costelli
Resistencia
Junin
Barranqueras
Fontana
General Ocampo
Arauco
Salta
Rio Tercero
Tartagal
La Rioja – Capital
Bolivia
La Paz
San Xavier
Sucre
Cochabamba
Entre Rios
Brazil
Belém
Belo Horizonte
Caxias do Sul
Diadema
Franca
Goiania
Guarulhos
Juiz de Fora
Maringá
Piracicaba
Porto Alegre
Recife
Ribeirão Preto
Rio Claro
Rio de Janeiro
Lins
Rincão
Valinhos
Jacareí
Campo Grande
Feira de Santana
Mauá
Rio Grande da Serra
Ribeirão Pires
Piraju
Chapecó
Maranguape
Piraí
Cachoeirinha
Campos do Jordão
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Salvador
Santa Maria
Santo André
São Bernardo do Campo
São Carlos
Uberlândia
Vitória da Conquista
Aracaju
Campinas
Chile
San Felipe
San Joaquin
Valparaíso
El Bosque
Rancagua
Colombia
Santiago de Cali
Cartagena
Departamento del Atlántico
Medellín
Bogotá D.E.
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Alvorada
Penápolis
Jales
Jaguarão
Cáceres
COHAPAR
Nova Olinda
Bom Jardim
Viña Del Mar
Puerto Montt
Provincia de Última Esperanza
Purranque
Arica
Neiva
Valle del Cauca
Tulua
Manizales
Costa Rica
Aserri
San José
Cuba
La Habana
El Salvador
San Salvador
Zacatecoluca
Ecuador
Quito
Loja
Canton Mira
Los Bancos
San Gabriel
Cantón Tulcán
Cantón Celica
Cantón Chunchi
Jama
Guatemala
Quetzaltenango
Usulutan
Cojutepeque
Limon Indanza
Francisco de Orellana
Paquisha
Pastaza
San Juan Bosco
Tisaleo
Pedro Vicente Maldonado
Cantón Bolívar
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Honduras
Tegucigalpa - Distrito Central
Mexico
Guadalupe
Estado de Chiapaz - Sec Des. Social
Navolato
Distrito Federal
Querétaro
Las Margaritas
Jalisco
Michoacan
Puebla de Zaragoza
Nicaragua
Masaya
Manágua
Bluefields
Panama
Panamá
Paraguay
Assunção
Fernando de La Mora
Concepción
Peru
Ate
Lima (Metropolitana)
San Pedro de Mala
Moro
Provincia de Barranca
San Pedro de Lurín
San Luis
Paita
Rimac
Rioja
Mun. Provincial de Alto Amazona
Comité Interdistr. Desarrollo del Valle de Cuzco
Chorrillos
Rio Negro
Lamas
Lince
Barranco
Independencia
Pucyura
Satipo
Magdalena del Mar
Puerto Bermudez
Canchaque
Maranõn
Oyon
La Molina
Iparia
Villa Maria del Triunfo
Arequipa
Nasca
Vista Alegre
La Union Letícia
Arma
Surco
Uruguay
Montevidéu
Salto
Rio Negro
Tacuarembó
Colonia
Soriano
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Venezuela
Caracas – Libertador
Baruta
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Carirubana
Los Taques
External Partners LA
Argentina
ADESO - Asociación para el Desarrollo Social
Unversidad Nacional de Del Nordeste
Universidad Nacional de Quilmes
Observatório Social
Mercosur Social - Instituto Mercado Común del Sur para el Desarrollo Social
Fundación de las Américas
Universidad Católica de Salta
CIET - Centro Interdisiplinario de Studios Territoriales
Bolivia
CEPAD - Centro para la Participación y el Desarrollo Humano Sostenible
Fundación para la Participación Ciudadana y Alivio a la Pobreza
PRAEDAC - Programa de Apoyo a la Estrategia de Desarrollo Alternativo en el Chapare
Agencia Cantonal Shinahota
Brazil
Instituto Pensarte
COHRE - Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions
Agência de Desenvolvimento da Mesorregião Vale do Ribeira
IBASE - Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas
Instituto Acqua
Care Internacional Brasil
Instituto de Estudos Especiais PUC-SP
Instituto de Políticas Públicas Florestan Fernandes
Fundação Friedrich Ebert
Instituto Polis
Agência de Cooperação de Municípios Brasileiros
Escola de Governo e Cidadania do Interior Paulista _ EGCIP
Ass. José Martins de Araújo Jr.
Instituto de Governo e Cidadania do ABC
IPT - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de SP
Consórcio Intermunicipal de Saúde do Vale do Ribeira
UNISOL Cooperativas
FACEF - Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas, Administrativas e Contábeis de Franca
ABCRED - Associação Brasileira dos Dirigentes de Entidades Gestoras e Operadoras de
Microcrédito, Crédito Popular Solidário e Entidades Similares
Crédito Popular Solidário
Associação Reciclázaro
Cooperativa de Trabalho dos Profissionais de Engenharia e Arquitetura Integrada
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CADISC - Centro de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento e Investimento Social Comunitário
Movimento Nacional de Luta Pela Moradia
Câmara Ítalo-Brasileira de Comércio e Indústria
IBRADD - Sociedade Brasileira de Desenvolvimento Ltda.
CEDEC - Centro de Estudos de Cultura Contemporânea
Fundação Marilha
Terra Nova
ICA - Instituto Companhia da Água
LabHab
CEAO - Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais da Universidade Federal da Bahia
FINATEC - Fundação de Empreendimentos Científicos e Tecnológicos
Chile
Universidad Bolivariana
Universidad de Valparaíso - Escuela de Trabajo Social
Colombia
Fundacion del Apoyo al Desarrollo Humano, Local y Regional
COMFENALCO - Caja de Compensación Familiar
Corporación Viva La Ciudadania
Corporación para el Desarrollo Urbano – Convergencia
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
CID - Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarollo de la Faculdad de Ciencias Económicas Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Fundación LUKER
Ecuador
Programa de Voluntários das Naciones Unidas
Asociación de Artesanos
CIGU - Centro Internacional de Gestión Urbana - UN-Habitat
ASEDAL - Asociación de Trabajadoras Domesticas Aura de la Liberdad
FOGNEP - Federación de Organizaciones y Grupos Negros de Pichincha
Honduras
Postgrado Latinoamericano en Trabajo Social: Taller Urbano
Mexico
Centro de Informação e Difusão da União Européia em Jalisco
ADELZAC - Asociación De Desarrollo Económico local De Zacatecas, AC.
Peru
Cactus - Consultoria de sistemas
COPPA - Consejo Peruano para la Autogestión
Centro Guaman Poma de Ayala
Escuela Mayor de Gestion Municipal
ASODESO - As. Acción Social y Desarrollo Sostenible
IPES - Promoción del Desarrollo Sostenible
Instituto Peruano de Criminalistica y Pericia
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Perspectivas
APEF - Ayuda para la Educación del Futuro
Uruguay
El Abrojo - Instituto de Educación Popular
ICAE - International Council For Adult Education
REPREM - Red de Educación Popular entre Mujeres de América Latina y Caribe
Venezuela
Fundación Centro Nacional de Artes Circenses
EUROPEAN UNION
Germany
Bonn
Belgium
Bruxelas
Ministère de la Région de Bruxelles
Saint-Gilles
Spain
Avilés
Badalona
Barcelona
Granada
Irun
Leganés
Madri
Málaga
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Gijón
Valladolid
Viladecans
Consell Comarcal de L'Alt Empordá
Lloret del Mar
Alcalá La Real
Cantabria
Rubi
Antequera
Lucena
Algeciras
Córdoba
Castillo de Locubín
Provincia de Málaga
Huelva
Cádiz - Instituto de Fomento, Empleo
San Sebastian
Organisme Autònom Flor de Maig
Sant Boi de Llobregat
Ajuntament de (L´) Escala
Finland
Vaasa
France
Région Provence Alpes Côte d´Azur
Lyon
Nanterre
Paris
Saint Denis
Montreuil
Nantes
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Greece
Atenas
Dodecanese
England
Sheffield City Council
Italy
Gênova
Provincia di Milano
Comune di Perúgia
Verona
Provincia de Turim
Região Umbria
Região Toscana
Roma
Veneza
Provincia de Prato
Comune di Ariccia
Comune Cosenza
Comune di Milano
Comune di Montecatini Terme
Comune di Firenze
Comune di Montemurlo
Portugal
Lisboa
Vila Nova de Poiares
Vila Real de Santo Antonio
Vila Franca de Xira
Região Marche
Aversa
Triestina
Comune di Rimini
Padova
Campânia
Rovigo
Pigna
Gênova
Mendatica
Latina
Arezzo
Segrate
Treviso
Catania
Bari
Borba
Arraiolos
Abrantes
External Partners EU
Germany
GEN-EUROPE - Global Ecovillage Network of Europe
Belgium
European New Towns Platform
Spain
Espiral Entidad de Servéi
Fons Catalá de Cooperación al Desenvolupament
Observatori Internacional de la Democracia Participativa
Ayudemos a un Niño
FAMSI - Fondo Andaluz de Municipios p/ la Solidaridad Internacional
ICODE - Asoc. Instituto de Cooperación y Desarrollo Iberoamericano
Fundación CILAE - Centro de Investigación Latinoamérica-Europa
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FESALC - Federación de Societats Laborales de Catalunya
France
FIDDEM - Forum International Dévelopment Démocratie
FMCU - Fédération Mondiale de Cités Unis
Netherlands
HIS - Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies
Universidade de Utrecht - Faculdade de Ciências Sociais
England
Sheffield
Italy
ARCI Cultura e Sviluppo
AVSI - Ass. Voluntário para o Serviço Internacional
ISCOS - Instituto Sindical pela Cooperação ao Desenvolvimento
Instituto Triestino Per Interventi Sociali
Associazione Comunita para Giovanni XXIII
Ordine Degli Architetts, Planificatori, Paesaggisti e Conser. Di Roma e Província
CONFORM - Consorzio Formazione Manageriale
Universitá Degli Studi di Genova
Abruzzo Sviluppo
INFAOP - Ist.Nazionale Formaz.Addestram.Orientamento Professionale
Coordinamento Agende 21 Locali Italiane
UCODEP - Unitá e Cooperazione per lo Svilluppo del Popoli
Enaip Sardegna (Ente ACLI istruzione professionale)
Ai.Bi. Associazione Amici dei Bambini
Portugal
ADIP - Instituição Solidariedade Social
Rede Européia Anti-Pobreza
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Programa de Gestão Urbana da ONU para Am. Latina e Caribe - PGU-ONU-AL/C
UNESCO – ONU
Prorama STEP/PORTUGAL - OIT-ONU
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Appendix 3: Net URB-AL 10 – Fight against urban poverty
YEAR 3 – OCTOBER, 2004 THRU OCTOBER, 2005
THE COORDINATION CELL IS STILL IN THE SAME ADDRESS BY THE BUILDING CHANGED ITS
NAME TO EDIFICIO MATARAZZO.
Viaduto do Chá, 15 – 7º andar
Edifício Matarazzo
CEP: 01002-020 - São Paulo – SP – Brasil
Tel: 55 11 3113-8551 ou 3113-8554
Fax: 55 11 3113-8548
Since january 2005, the permanent staff is composed by:

General Coordination of Net 10: Helena Maria Gasparian

Executive Coordination: Pedro Aguerre

Projects Manager: Maria Fernanda Freire de Lima

Information Manager: Ana Carolina Evangelista
Sara Garcia Martins
Mayra Pascuet (until July, 2005)
Yann Le Moullec (Training from August thru December, 2005)

Communication Advisor: Fredimir Vasconcelos (Until March, 2005)
Camila Campanerut (Until March, 2005)
Roberta Barbosa de Araújo (since April, 2005)

Secretariat: Gláucia Regina Altieri

Administration and management: Gilson Araújo
Izide C. B. Benedito (Since May,2005)

Contador: Douglas Stasionisas
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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MUNICIPAL BUREAU
International Relations Municipal Secretariat: Helena Maria Gasparian
Adjunct Secretariat: Christian Lohbauer
Gabinet´s Chief: Helton Zucconi
YEAR 2 – OCTOBER, 2003 THRU OCTOBER, 2004
The permanent staff is composed by:
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General Coordination of Net 10: kjeld Jakobsen
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Executive Coordination: Pedro Aguerre (since May, 2004)
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Administration and management: Gilson Araújo
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Projects Manager: Maria Fernanda Freire de Lima
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Information Manager: Ana Carolina Evangelista
Mayra Pascuet (Since April, 2003)
Sara Garcia Martins (since September, 2004)
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Secretariat: Gláucia Regina Altieri
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Communication Advisor: Fredimir Vasconcelos
Camila Campanerut
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Support Staff: Regina Queiroz
Adriana Guimarães
NET 10
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FIGHT AGAINST URBAN POVERTY
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FINAL DOCUMENT PARTNERS NETWORK 10 - 75
YEAR 1 – OCTOBER, 2002 THRU OCTOBER, 2003

General Coordination of Net 10: Jorge Matoso

Executive Coordination: Sinoel Batista

Administration and management: Gilson Araújo

Projects Manager: Maria Fernanda Freire de Lima

Information Manager: Ana Carolina Evangelista
Rose Mary Gottardo
Mayra Pascuet (Since April, 2003)

Secretariat: Gláucia Regina Altieri

Communication Advisor: Fredimir Vasconcelos (since May, 2003)

Support Staff: Regina Queiroz
Adriana Guimarães