Protein Synthesis Worksheet
Name _______________________
How Proteins Are Made
Period _____
The Transfer of Genetic Information
1.
What do the letters RNA stand for? ______________________________________________
2.
What is the RNA molecule used to produce? __________________
3.
________ ________________ is the use of DNA to make proteins. It occurs in 2 stages:
____________________ and ______________________.
4.
What happens during transcription? _____________________________________________
5.
What happens during translation? _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6.
Transcription and translation can bring about the production of a protein like insulin. What
does insulin do? _____________________________________________________________
______________________________
How DNA Makes RNA
7.
Why must the genetic information on DNA be copied or transferred to RNA? _____________
_______________________________
8.
What are the working copies of genes that can leave the nucleus made of? _________________
_______________
9.
RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that:
a) its sugars have __________________________________________.
b) the base thymine is replaced by _______________.
10. How many different forms of RNA are there? ___________
11. How is the production of messenger RNA like a monk’s work? _________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
12. What is a promoter site? _______________________________________________________
13. What does RNA polymerase do as it moves along a strand of DNA nucleotides? __________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
14. Adenine on the DNA strand pairs with ______________ on the RNA strand.
1
15. Circle the word or phrase in parentheses that best completes each sentence.
a) A ( single / double ) strand of RNA is transcribed from a ( single / double ) strand of a
DNA double helix.
b) ( RNA polymerase / DNA polymerase ) pairs nucleotide bases along a strand of DNA
with their complementary RNA bases to build messenger RNA.
c) DNA ( stays in / leaves ) the nucleus, while mRNA ( stays in / leaves ) the nucleus.
The Genetic Code
16. What is a codon? ______________________________________________
17. On which type of RNA are the codons found? ______________
18. What is determined by the order of amino acids in a protein chain? ______________________
____________________________________
19. What did scientists learn by making an artificial molecule of mRNA that contained only the
base uracil? _________________________________________________________________
20. Now explain what the genetic code is. ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
21. Since there are ______ possible codons and only _____ amino acids, more than one codon may
specify a particular ___________ _________.
22. Why is the genetic code said to be universal? _______________________________________
____________________________
How RNA Makes Protein
23. Where does the messenger RNA go after transcription? _______________________________
24. How many types of RNA are involved during the process of translation? ________
25. What organelles are the location or site of translation? __________________
26. What is rRNA? _____________________________
27. What does tRNA stand for? ____________________________
28. What does tRNA do? _________________________________________________________
29. What is an anticodon? ________________________________________________________
________________________________
30. The anticodon is found on ( DNA / mRNA / tRNA / rRNA ).
31. How is an anticodon like the address on an envelope? ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2
32. What is responsible for ending the translation or production of a protein? ________________
__________________________________________________________________________
33. Place the following statements in the correct sequence.
____ a. tRNA carries amino acids to the small ribosomal subunit, matching the tRNA
anticodon with an mRNA codon.
____ b. A “stop” codon on mRNA is encountered. The ribosomal unit falls apart and
the protein is released.
1
c. mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm.
____ d. The small ribosomal subunit attaches to the large subunit.
____ e. Amino acids are added to a growing string as the code is read.
____ f. A “start” codon on an mRNA strand binds to a complementary rRNA on a small
ribosomal subunit.
34) The internal transport system of the cell consists of a system of membranes called the
35) What is the path that proteins take after being made, modified, and packaged?
36) The cell structure that modifies, collects, packages, and distributes protein made at one location of the
cell and use at another is
37) What happens to proteins that are made by ribosomes attached to the Rough ER?
38) Which organelle makes ribosomes that become attached to the ER?
39) Label the following cell:
E
F
G
Ribosome ___________
Lysosome ___________
Cell Membrane __________
Nucleus __________
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum _____
3