Elise Schmidt
Theories of Development Chart
Developmental Psychology
1
Learning Plan 1: Theories of Development Chart
Theory
Category
Psychoanalytic
Theories
Cognitive
Theory
Description of the Theory
Freud’s
Theory
Five Stages of psychosexual development;
Oral stage (birth-1 ½), Anal stage (1 ½ to
3), Phallic Stage (3 to 6), Latency Stage (6
to puberty), and Genital Stage (Puberty+)
Problems because of childhood experiences
Adult personality based how we handle
these experiences
Erickson’s
Theory
Eight Stages of human development; trust
vs. mistrust(first year), autonomy vs.
shame(1-3), initiative vs. guilt (3-5),
industry vs. inferiority (6-puberty), Identity
vs. identity confusion (10-12), intimacy vs.
isolation (20s&30s), generatively vs.
stagnation (40s & 50s), and integrity vs.
despair (60s+)
Crisis in life are turning points
More successful in handling the crisis the
healthier development will be
Piaget’s
Four Stages; sensorimotor stage (birth to 2),
Key Terms relevant to
the Theory
Oral Stage-pleasure
center mouth
Anal-focus on anus
Phallic-focus on
genitals
Latency- represses
sexual interest
Genital- sexual
reawaking, sexual
pleasure from outside of
family
trust vs. mistrust-sets
expectations of world
autonomy vs. shamediscover independence
initiative vs. guiltrequire new behavior
industry vs. inferioritymastering knowledge
Identity vs. identity
confusion-finding who
you are
intimacy vs. isolationmaking intimate
relationships
generatively vs.
stagnation-lead useful
lives
integrity vs. despairreview of life
Sensorimotor Stage-
Criticisms of the Theory
Lack of scientific
support
Too much emphasis on
sexual underpinnings
Image of people too
negative
Contributions of the
Theory
Emphasis on a
developmental
framework, family
relationships, and
unconscious aspects of
the mind
Lack of scientific
support
Too much emphasis on
sexual underpinnings
Image of people too
negative
Emphasis on a
developmental
framework, family
relationships, and
unconscious aspects of
the mind
Skepticism about the
Positive view of
Elise Schmidt
Theories of Development Chart
Developmental Psychology
2
Theories
Cognitive
Development
Theory
preoperational stage(2 to 7), concrete
operational stage(7 to 11), and formal
operation stage (11 to 15)
Child construct their understanding of the
world
Organization and adaptation
Vygotsky’s
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Theory
Culture and social interaction guide
cognitive development
Learning to use inventions of society
construct understanding
by sensory
Preoperational stagerepresent the world with
words and images
Concrete Operational
Stage- reason logic
Formal Operationreasons more abstract,
idealistic, and logical
ways
Culture-behavior
patterns, beliefs, and all
other products of a
group that are passed on
from generation to
generation
pureness
Too little attention to
individuals variations
development
Emphasis on the active
construction of
understanding
Too little attention to
individuals variations
Positive view of
development
Emphasis on the active
construction of
understanding
Elise Schmidt
Theories of Development Chart
Developmental Psychology
3
Theory
Category
Key Terms relevant to
the Theory
Thinking- information
processing
Criticisms of the Theory
Operant conditioning
Rewards and punishments shape
development
Key factor is behavior
Operant conditioningbehavior with rewarding
stimulus more likely to
happen again
Too little emphasis on
cognition
Inadequate attention to
developmental changes
Emphasis on scientific
research and
environmental
determinates of
behavior
Bandura’s
Social
Cognitive
Theory
Behavior, environment, and cognition are
key factors to development
Someone can control their success
Development is learned
Behavior- learned from
observation
Cognition- people
represent the behavior
of others; may adopt
behaviors
Inadequate attention to
developmental changes
Emphasis on scientific
research and
environmental
determinates of
behavior
Ethological
Theory
Ethological
Theory
Presence or absence of certain experiences
long-lasting effects
Ethology
Biological and evolutionary base of
development
Ethology- behavior
influenced by biology,
tied to evolution,
characterized by critical
periods
Too much emphasis on
biological foundations
and beliefs the critical
and sensitive periods
may be too rigid
Ecological
Theory
Ecological
Theory
Focus on five environmental systems;
Microsystems, mesosystem, exosystem,
macrosystem, and chronosystem
Range of social context beyond family
Microsystems-setting
where person lives
Mesosystemrelationships in
microsystem
Exosystem- links in
social settings where
person doesn’t have
active role
Inadequate attention to
biological factors, too
little emphasis on
cognitive factors
Focus on biological and
evolutionary bias of
development
Use of careful
observations in
naturalistic settings
A systematic
examination of macro
and micro dimensions
of environment systems
Attention to connections
between environment
systems
Behavioral
and Social
Cognitive
Theories
Theory
Description of the Theory
Information
Processing
Theory
People manipulate information, monitor it,
and strategize about it
People develop gradually slowly increasing
knowledge
Skinner’s
Operant
Conditioning
Too little attention to
individuals variations
Contributions of the
Theory
Positive view of
development
Emphasis on the active
construction of
understanding
Elise Schmidt
Theories of Development Chart
Developmental Psychology
4
Eclectic
Theoretical
Orientation
Eclectic
Theoretical
Orientation
Does not follow any one theoretical
approach
Selects from theories what is considered
best
Use different theories to discover new
information
Macrosystem- culture
where person lives
Chronosystempatterning of
environmental events
and transions
Scientific methodapproach used to find
accurate information
Theory- set of ideas that
help explain and make
predictions
Hypotheses- prediction
that can be tested
Still theories and not
facts
Refined through
scientific method
Your preferred theory and reasons why….
The theory that I prefer is the Social Cognitive theory. Although I like how Erikson’s focuses on development and family I believe
that behavior, environment, and cognition are key points. I strongly believe that observation of others, especially at young ages, effects
who you are as person. Birth to puberty your environment and learned behavior from your parents sets the stage for your future in my
eyes and during puberty what you observe from your peers and role models reflects what your actions are going to be.
Criteria
Values
You summarize the psychodynamic
(psychoanalytic) theoretical framework to
development (definition, theories, theorists,
contributions and criticism of the theoretical
framework, and relevant concepts within the
framework).
10 9 8 4 0
You summarize the cognitive theoretical
framework to development (definition, theories,
theorists, contributions and criticism of the
theoretical framework, and relevant concepts
within the framework).
10 9 8 4 0
You summarize the behavioral/social cognitive
theoretical framework to development (definition,
theories, theorists, contributions and criticism of
the theoretical framework, and relevant concepts
10 9 8 4 0
Elise Schmidt
Theories of Development Chart
Developmental Psychology
5
within the framework).
You summarize the ethological theoretical
framework to development (definition, theories,
theorists, contributions and criticism of the
theoretical framework, and relevant concepts
within the framework).
10 9 8 4 0
You summarize the ecological theoretical
framework to development (definition, theories,
theorists, contributions and criticism of the
theoretical framework, and relevant concepts
within the framework).
10 9 8 4 0
You summarize the eclectic theoretical framework
to development (definition, theories, theorists,
contributions and criticism of the theoretical
framework, and relevant concepts within the
framework).
10 9 8 4 0
You explain the theory you prefer and reasons
why you selected the theory.
10 9 8 4 0
CORE ABILITIES - COMMUNICATE CLEARLY
CORE ABILITIES COMMUNICATE CLEARLY
You demonstrate mastery of grammar, spelling,
punctuation, capitalization, word usage and
sentence structure.
10 9 8 4 0
Your writing is organized (paragraphs, headings
and subheadings, or other organizational
devices), clear (it's easy to read and understand),
concise (you use action verbs; you do not ramble
or include irrelevant information), and cohesive
(words and ideas flow logically from one idea,
sentence and/or paragraph to another).
10 9 8 4 0
CORE ABILITIES - THINK CRITICALLY AND
CREATIVELY
You use language that is free from bias (including
loaded language), obscenities, and absolutes (all,
always, everyone, no one, totally, all of the time,
CORE ABILITIES THINK CRITICALLY AND CREATIVELY
10 9 8 4 0
Elise Schmidt
Theories of Development Chart
Developmental Psychology
6
etc.).
You provide sufficient, specific, valid, relevant
support (i.e., facts. reasons, examples, details,
statistics, anecdotes and quotes) to aid in
understanding your ideas and information, and to
support your conclusions and/or opinions.
CORE ABILITIES - ACT RESPONSIBLY
You follow directions (followed Formatting
Requirements, APA Requirements, included name
on assignment, saved document per directions).
Total Points Possible
10 9 8 4 0
CORE ABILITIES ACT RESPONSIBLY
10 9 8 4 0
120
Total Points Earned
Percent grade = Total Points Earned divided by
Total Points Possible
You meet deadlines. (Points subtracted from
Points Earned score)
Submitted without scoring guide (Points
subtracted from Points Earned score)
Final Grade/Percent
- 5 percentage points if
submitted after the due date
- 5 percentage points if
submitted without the scoring guide