Southern Methodist University
History 2311
Spring 2011
#6: EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY TRANSFORMATIONS
QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
I.
II.
III.
1.
What were the similarities and differences among the Spanish, French, and British
colonies in the eighteenth century?
2.
What was the impact of increasing European immigration on British culture?
3.
What changes occurred in Native American society as a result of contact with
European customs and lifestyles?
4.
What were the patterns of work and class in eighteenth-century North America?
5.
How did the tensions between Enlightenment thought and traditional culture lead
to the Great Awakening?
SPANISH NORTH AMERICA
A.
Mexico City
B.
Spanish Borderlands
1.
Presidios, missions, and pueblos = 3 institutions of Spanish frontier
2.
Texas: San Antonio
3.
Arizona
4.
California: Los Angeles, 1781
FRENCH NORTH AMERICA
A.
“French Crescent
B.
Detroit: 1701
C.
New Orleans: 1718
BRITISH NORTH AMERICA
A.
Population Growth: 290,000 colonists in 1700 to 1.3 million by 1750
2
B.
1.
Immigration
2.
Natural increase
Colonial Economies
1.
Agricultural
2.
Trade and commerce
3.
Craftsmen and artisans
4.
Mercantilism
a.
b.
C.
D.
E.
Navigation Acts
Parliamentary Acts prohibiting colonial manufactures: Hat Act 1732,
Iron Act 1750
Divisions in Colonial Society
1.
Wealth
2.
Backcountry v. coast
Culture and Traditions
1.
Folk culture
2.
Communal labor
The Great Awakening: 1740 – 1760s
A.
George Whitefield
B.
Jonathan Edwards: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
C.
Baptists
D.
3 major impacts:
1.
Much greater religious (or at least Christian) diversity
2.
Part of a rise of shared colonial culture
3.
Move towards separation of church and state