LEVEL 5
PHYSICS
QUESTION
BOOKLET
Name: .............................................................
Tutor Group: ..................................
1.
Tom tries on four types of footwear in a sports shop.
(a)
(i)
ski boot
trainer
ice skate
walking boot
When Tom tries on the footwear, which one sinks into the carpet the most?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
When Tom tries on the footwear, what is the same for each type of
footwear? Tick the correct box.
the area of the footwear
Tom’s weight on the footwear
the material of the footwear
the weight of the footwear
1 mark
(b)
The drawing below shows a snowshoe.
snowshoe
How do snowshoes help people to walk in deep snow?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence below.
air resistance
friction
gravity
magnetism
When Tom is ice skating the force of ..........................................................
between the skate and the ice is less than when he is walking on a carpet.
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
2.
(a)
Debbie put a paper cup into a glass beaker.
She glued a magnet in the bottom of the paper cup.
She glued another magnet in the bottom of the beaker.
The magnets repelled.
paper cup
N
magnet
S
S
magnet
glass beaker
N
not to scale
What two forces act on the paper cup and its contents to keep it in this position?
1. ...........................................................
1 mark
2. ...........................................................
1 mark
(b)
Debbie put 5 g of aluminium rivets into the paper cup.
It moved down a little as shown in this diagram below.
N
aluminium
rivets
S
S
N
not to scale
Debbie plotted a graph to show how the mass of aluminium rivets affected the
distance the cup moved down.
6
5
4
distance paper
cup moved 3
down (mm)
2
1
0
0
(i)
10
20 30 40
mass (g)
50
60
Use the graph to find the mass that made the cup move down 4 mm.
............... g
1 mark
(ii)
Why did the graph stay flat with masses greater than 40 g?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Debbie removed the 5 g of aluminium rivets and put 5 g of iron nails into the cup.
N
S
iron
nails
S
N
diagram C
not to scale
The paper cup moved down more with 5 g of iron nails than with 5 g of aluminium
rivets as shown in diagram C.
Give the reason for this.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
3.
The back window of this car contains a heating element.
The heating element is part of an electrical circuit connected to the battery of the car.
The diagrams below show two ways of connecting the circuit of a heating element.
circuit A
(a)
circuit B
Give the name of each type of circuit:
circuit A ...................................................................
circuit B ...................................................................
1 mark
(b)
A wire gets broken at point X on circuit A and at point Y on circuit B.
Y
X
circuit A
circuit B
When the switch is closed, how does the broken wire affect the heating
element in:
(i)
circuit A? ............................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
circuit B? .............................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
In very cold weather, ice may form on the back window of the car.
When the heating element is switched on, the ice will disappear and the surface
of the window will become clear and dry.
(i)
Fill the gap below to show the energy transfer that takes place.
When the heater is switched on, ........................................ energy is
transferred from the wires to the ice.
1 mark
(ii)
As the window becomes clear and dry, physical changes take place in the
ice.
Fill the gaps below to show the physical changes which take place.
from …………………. to ……………………….to ……………………
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
4.
Gary uses the following circuit to operate the electric motor of his model crane.
switch A
switch B
M
motor
Look carefully at the way Gary has connected the two cells.
When he closes switch A the motor runs and the crane lifts a load.
(a)
Gary opens switch A and closes switch B.
Describe what happens to the motor.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Gary closes both switches, A and B. Describe what happens to the motor.
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Both switches should not be closed at the same time. Explain why.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
5.
The drawing shows a hairdryer.
switch 2
switch 1
Ben drew the diagram below to show the circuit of the hairdryer.
switch 1
M
motor
switch 2
mains power
supply
heater
(a)
Which of the switches must be closed for the heater to work? Tick the correct
box.
switch
1 only
switch
2 only
switches
1 and 2
neither switch
1 nor 2
1 mark
(b)
With this circuit, is it possible to have the heater on when the motor is switched
off?
…………
Explain your last answer.
……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………
……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………
1 mark
(c)
The motor and the heater are both on.
The motor blows air through the hairdryer. If the motor breaks, what would
happen to the temperature of the hairdryer?
……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………
1 mark
(d)
The motor and the heater are both on. Suddenly the wire in the heater breaks.
What effect, if any, will this have on the motor?
……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
6.
The diagram shows two dodgem cars at a fairground. The circuit symbols for the motor
and pedal for each dodgem car are shown on the diagram.
pick-up wire
connection
to wire mesh
wire
mesh
power
supply
connection
to metal
floor
metal floor
metal wheel
(a)
Complete the following sentence.
Each dodgem car is connected to the power supply through the
......................................... which is in contact with the wire
mesh, and through the ......................................... which is
in contact with the metal floor.
1 mark
(b)
Dodgem cars are connected using parallel circuits.
Complete the circuit diagram below for the two dodgem cars.
Use two motor symbols,
M
, and two switch symbols,
.
The power supply for the circuit has been drawn for you.
connection
to wire mesh
power
supply
connection
to metal
floor
2 marks
(c)
Even when the power supply is switched on, the dodgem car will not move until
the pedal is pressed. Give the reason for this.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
A man looks after the dodgem cars during the rides.
Why does the man not get an electric shock as he walks across the metal floor?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(e)
During one ride, the two dodgem cars are running. The pick-up wire on one car
snaps off. Describe how this affects:
(i)
the dodgem car with the broken pick-up wire;
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
the other dodgem car.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 7 marks
7.
A
battery
B
In the circuit above, both the bulbs light up. Suddenly they both go out.
The two bulbs are tested. Bulb A works but bulb B is broken.
(a)
Bulb A was not broken but it went out. Why did it go out?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
In the circuit below, only bulb B is broken.
A
(b)
(i)
B
C
Does bulb A light up?
Tick the correct box.
Yes
No
1 mark
(ii)
Does bulb C light up?
Tick the correct box.
Yes
No
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
8.
The diagram shows a circuit for controlling an electric motor.
lamp 1
lamp 2
switch A
switch B
M
motor
This circuit can make the motor turn forwards or backwards.
Complete the table to show which lamp, if any, is lit and in which direction, if any, the
motor turns.
The first row has been done for you.
switch A
switch B
Which lamp,
if any, is lit?
In which direction, if
any, does the motor
turn?
up
down
lamp 1
forwards
up
up
down
up
down
down
4 marks
9.
A circuit is shown below.
A
D
open
switch
C
B
bulb X
(a)
bulb Y
The switch is open. Steven connects point A to point B with a piece of
copper wire.
Which bulbs, if any, light up?
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Steven removes the copper wire and uses it to connect point C to point D.
The switch is still open. Which bulbs, if any, light up?
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Steven removes the copper wire and closes the switch. Both bulbs light up, but
not very brightly. He then uses the copper wire to connect point B to point C.
closed
switch
wire
C
B
bulb X
bulb Y
Choose from the following words to answer the questions below.
gets brighter
(i)
stays the same
goes out
…………………………………..
What happens to bulb X?
1 mark
(ii)
…………………………………..
What happens to bulb Y?
1 mark
(d)
Steven removes the copper wire. The switch is still closed. Both bulbs light up,
but not very brightly. He then uses the copper wire to connect point A to point B.
A
closed
switch
wire
bulb X
B
bulb Y
Choose from the following words to answer the questions below.
gets brighter
(i)
stays the same
What happens to bulb X?
gets dimmer
goes out
……………………………………..
1 mark
(ii)
What happens to bulb Y?
……………………………………..
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks
10.
The table below gives information about the planets of the Solar System.
They are listed in alphabetical order.
average
distance from
the Sun in
million km
diameter
in km
time for
one orbit
round the
Sun
time for
one rotation
on its axis
in hours
temperature on
surface of
planet in °C
Earth
150
13 000
365 days
24
+22
Jupiter
780
140 000
12 years
9.8
–150
Mars
230
6800
687 days
25
–23
Mercury
58
4900
88 days
1400
+350
Neptune
4500
51 000
165 years
16
–220
Pluto
5900
2300
248 years
150
–220
Saturn
1400
120 000
29 years
10.2
–180
Uranus
2900
51 000
84 years
17
–210
Venus
110
12 000
225 days
5800
+480
planet
(Data obtained from The Guinness Book of Astronomy, Patrick Moore; published by Guinness 1992)
(a)
Explain why Neptune and Pluto are the coldest planets.
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Explain why there could be no liquid water on the surface of:
(i)
Mars ........................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Venus ......................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
On which planet would the time between sunrise and sunset be shortest?
..................................................................……
1 mark
(d)
Which planet has the shortest year?’
1 mark
..................................................................……
(e)
Give the name of the force which keeps the planets in their orbits.
..................................................................……
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks
11.
Some children watched an eclipse of the Sun.
During the eclipse, the Moon passed between the Sun and the Earth.
It blocked out sunlight.
(a)
Amrik watched the eclipse. He knew that the Sun is much bigger than the Moon
but they looked about the same size.
Why did they look the same size? Tick the correct box.
The Moon is nearer to the Earth than
the Sun is.
The Sun is nearer to the Earth than
the Moon is.
The Sun goes round the Earth faster
than the Moon does.
The Moon goes round the Sun faster
than the Earth does.
1 mark
(b)
Amrik's class measured the light level during the eclipse.
The graph below shows their results.
100
80
60
% light level
40
20
0
10.30 10.40 10.50 11.00 11.10 11.20 11.30 11.40 11.50
time of day
(i)
At what time did the Moon block out most of the Sun's light?
Use the graph to help you.
.................................... am
1 mark
(ii)
What happened to the air temperature during the eclipse?
..............................................................................................................
Give the reason for your answer.
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
12.
On 11th August 1999 there will be an eclipse. The shadow of the Moon will pass
over part of the Earth.
(a)
The diagram below shows the Moon, the Moon’s shadow and the Earth.
Moon's shadow
Moon
Earth
not to scale
On the diagram, draw an arrow pointing towards where the Sun must be.
1 mark
(b)
At about midday the Moon’s shadow will pass over Cornwall in England.
Where, in the sky, is the Sun at midday?
Tick the correct box.
towards the North
towards the West
towards the East
towards the South
1 mark
(c)
The map shows the shape of the Moon’s shadow and the path it will take
across Cornwall.
The Moon’s shadow will take about 2 minutes to move across a house in
Falmouth. It will take less than 2 minutes to move across a house in Padstow.
Explain why it will take less time for the Moon’s shadow to move across a
house in Padstow than to move across one in Falmouth.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
Why does the Moon’s shadow move over the surface of the Earth?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
13.
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.
Sun
Mars
not to scale
(a)
Name one planet which is closer than Mars to the Sun.
.....................................................................
1 mark
(b)
A day and night on Mars lasts nearly 25 Earth hours. Explain why there is
daytime and night-time on Mars.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Like Earth, Mars has summers and winters.
Suggest why there are seasons on Mars.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
14.
The diagram shows the Earth in orbit around the Sun.
Earth
Sun
(a)
(i)
Give the name of one planet in the Solar System which is closer to the Sun
than the Earth is.
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Give the name of one planet in the Solar System which is further away from
the Sun than the Earth is.
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Night-time is when Britain is in the Earth's shadow. Daytime is when Britain is in
sunlight. Explain why Britain has both day and night.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
(i)
On the diagram, draw the position of the Earth nine months later than
shown.
1 mark
(ii)
Explain why you have drawn the Earth in this position.
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
15.
The graph below gives information about some of the planets in the Solar System.
6000
Pluto
5000
Neptune
average distance 4000
from Sun, in
millions of km
3000
Uranus
2000
Saturn
planet A
Mars
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
time of orbit around Sun, in earth years
1000
(a)
Planet A is shown on the graph above.
The orbit of planet A is between Saturn and Mars.
What is the name of planet A?
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Part of the graph opposite is shown in more detail below.
asteroid belt
300
Mars
average distance
200
from Sun, in
millions fo km
100
Mercury
(i)
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
time of orbit around Sun, in earth years
Use a dot ( ) to mark the position of the Earth carefully on the graph
above. Label the dot ‘Earth’. Explain why you put the dot at this position.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
(ii)
On the same graph, mark with a cross (x) the approximate position of
Venus and label it ‘Venus’.
1 mark
(c)
Asteroids orbit the Sun just like the planets. Information about five asteroids is
given in the table below.
name of
asteroid
Eugenia
Hestia
Iris
Melpomene
Psyche
time of orbit in
Earth years
4.49
4.01
5.51
3.48
5.00
Which asteroid is the greatest distance from the Sun? Give the reason for
your answer.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
16.
Satellites can sometimes be seen in the night sky. They look like stars slowly moving
across the sky.
(a)
We can see stars because they are light sources. They give out their own light.
Satellites do not give out their own light. Explain why satellites can be seen in the
clear night sky.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b)
Sometimes a satellite suddenly stops being visible. However, you can usually see
it again in another part of the sky later the same night. This can happen when
there are no clouds in the sky and the satellite is overhead.
Why does the satellite suddenly stop being visible?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Give one use of satellites in orbit around the Earth.
..........................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
17.
On 7th September 2001, at 11.00 am, over a million pupils took part in a national
investigation.
They all jumped up and down at exactly the same time.
Sensors were used to measure the vibrations caused by the jump.
Before they jumped, four pupils described some effects they might notice.
(a)
What type of statement did the pupils make?
conclusions
methods
observations
predictions
1 mark
(b)
Sensors at different places recorded the vibrations of the ground.
Why was it important that all the pupils jumped together?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
The sensor recordings below show the amount of vibration of the ground at three
different places during the jump.
Sensor A was near where pupils jumped
Sensor B was at another place near where pupils jumped
Sensor C was at a place far away from where pupils jumped
Carol said, ‘When pupils jump, only the ground nearby will vibrate’.
(i)
Describe how the evidence in the recordings supports Carol’s idea.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Suggest one reason for the difference between the readings of sensor A
and sensor B.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
18.
Nadia is on her bicycle, waiting to pull out from a road junction.
Michael is driving his car round the bend. A row of houses stops Nadia from seeing
Michael's car.
not to scale
(a)
At what position will Michael's car be when Nadia first sees it?
Tick the correct box.
A
B
C
D
1 mark
(b)
A row of shops was built opposite the junction. The shops have glass windows
which act as a mirror.
not to scale
Nadia could see Joan's motorbike reflected in the glass window.
(i)
On the diagram above, draw a ray of light to show how Nadia can see
Joan's motorbike reflected in the glass window.
Add arrows to the ray. Use a ruler.
3 marks
(ii)
How does the glass window help to reduce the number of accidents?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
19.
(a)
A teacher shines a laser beam onto a classroom window. It reflects off the
window and onto a screen.
screen
window
laser beam
On the diagram above, continue the laser beam to show its path as it reflects off
the window and onto the screen. Use a ruler.
Add arrows to show the direction of the laser beam.
2 marks
(b)
(i)
When a pupil plays her flute in the classroom the window vibrates.
Give the reason for this.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
When the window vibrates, what happens to the laser beam that is reflected
off the window?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
The teacher places a microphone near the pupil as she plays her flute. The
diagram below shows the pattern on an oscilloscope screen.
The pupil then plays her flute at a higher pitch and more quietly.
Which diagram below shows the pattern that would be seen on the oscilloscope?
Tick the correct box.
A
B
C
D
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
20.
(a)
The diagram below shows a ray of red light entering a glass block.
air
ray of
glass
block
air
red light
(i)
Most of the light goes into the glass block, but some does not.
What happens to the light which does not go into the glass block?
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
As the light goes into the glass block, it changes direction.
What is the name of this effect?
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
The diagram below shows white light passing through a prism and forming a
spectrum on a white screen.
white
screen
ray of
white light
prism
spectrum
The spectrum contains light of all colours. Red is at one end of the
spectrum. Write blue, green and violet below in the order of the spectrum.
Red
1 mark
(c)
A pupil puts a green filter in the ray of white light. What happens to the
spectrum on the screen?
Tick the correct box.
The whole spectrum turns green.
The green part of the spectrum disappears, but the
other colours stay the same.
The green part of the spectrum stays the same, but
the other colours disappear.
The whole spectrum disappears.
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
21.
Two cyclists are riding along a dark road at night. One is wearing black clothes and the
other is wearing light-coloured clothes.
A car is driving behind the two cyclists. Light from the car headlamp shines on the
cyclists.
(a) What happens to the light when it reaches the light-coloured clothes?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
1 mark
(b)
On the drawing above, draw a ray of light to show how light from the headlamp
reaches the driver so that he can see the cyclist in the light-coloured clothes.
Draw arrows to show the direction of the light.
3 marks
(c)
What happens to the light when it reaches the black clothes?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
22.
Joe saw two types of swing in the park.
He noticed that the time for one complete swing, forward and back, was different for the
two types of swing.
He did not know whether the length of the chains or the mass of the person affected
the time for one complete swing.
He made model swings and measured how long it took for 10 complete swings in 4
investigations.
string
plasticine
mass
Here are his results.
investigation
A
B
C
D
length of string, in cm
25
25
50
75
mass of plasticine, in g
100
50
100
100
time for 10 complete swings, in s
10.0
10.0
14.2
17.4
Here is Joe's conclusion:
Changing the mass of the plasticine
has no effect on the time taken
for 10 complete swings.
(a)
Which two of his investigations, A, B, C or D, provided evidence to support his
conclusion?
………………….. and …………………….
1 mark
(b)
Look at the results table.
(i)
Describe how the length of the string affects the time for 10 complete
swings.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Which three of his investigations are best evidence for this?
………………….. and …………………….and …………………….
1 mark
(c)
Use his previous table of results to predict the times for 10 complete swings in
two further investigations, E and F.
Write your answers in the table below.
investigation
E
F
length of string, in cm
25
100
mass of plasticine, in g
25
100
................
................
time for 10 complete swings, in s
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
23.
The picture shows a man called Aristotle. He lived in Greece over 2000 years ago.
Aristotle said that the heavier an object is, the faster it will fall to the ground.
(a)
The drawings below show a bowling ball, a cricket ball and a ping-pong ball.
Lila dropped them all at the same time from the same height.
bowling ball
mass=5 000 g
cricket ball
mass=160 g
ping-pong
mass=2.5 g
If Aristotle was correct, which of the three balls would you expect to reach the
ground first?
Give the reason for your answer.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Joe said that it would be a fairer test if Lila had only used a cricket ball and a
hollow plastic ball as shown below.
cricket ball
mass = 160 g
hollow plastic ball
mass=56 g
Why was Joe correct?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
About 400 years ago in Italy, a man called Galileo had a different idea. He said
that all objects dropped from the same height would reach the ground at the same
time.
(i)
Lila dropped a hammer and a feather at the same time from the same
height.
If Galileo was correct, which, if either, would reach the ground first?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Gravity acts on both the hammer and the feather as they fall. Give the name
of one other force which acts on them as they fall.
..........................................
1 mark
(iii)
An astronaut on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather at the same
time from the same height.
How would the results of the astronaut’s experiment on the Moon be
different from Lila’s experiment on the Earth?
.............................................................................................................
Explain your answer.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks
24.
Ruth is investigating how much a piece of wood can bend. She hangs some masses on
the end of the piece of wood and measures how far the wood has bent.
bench
clamp
piece of wood
ruler to measure
how much the
piece of wood
has bent
masses
(a)
Give the name of the force which pulls the masses downwards.
....................................................................
1 mark
(b)
The graph below shows Ruth’s results.
18
16
14
distance the 12
piece of
10
wood has
bent in mm
8
6
4
2
0
(i)
0
100
200
300
400
mass in g
Complete the graph by drawing a straight line of best fit.
500
1 mark
(ii)
A mass of 350 g is hung on the piece of wood. How much does the wood
bend?
......................….. mm
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
25.
Nazia is investigating how easily a block of wood slides along a wooden bench. The
diagram shows her experiment.
weight on top
of the block
pulley
block of wood
friction
bench
string
slotted
masses
(a)
Nazia does the experiment with different weights on top of the block. She counts
how many slotted masses she needs to hang from the string to make the block of
wood slide. Her results are shown in the table.
(i)
weight on top of
the block in N
number of slotted
masses needed
0
5
1
7
2
9
3
1
4
13
Describe how the number of slotted masses needed to move the block
varies with the weight on top of the block.
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Nazia does the experiment with a weight of 3.5 N on top of the block of
wood.
How many slotted masses would she need to make the block slide?
......................
1 mark
(b)
Nazia does her experiment again. This time she slides the block of wood over a
sheet of glass instead of the bench top.
(i)
Suggest how her results would be different this time.
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Using the same sheet of glass and block of wood, and keeping the same
weight on top, suggest one way Nazia could reduce the force of friction.
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
26.
The footballer is just going to kick the ball.
(a)
When his boot hits the ball, how does the shape of the ball change?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
After he has kicked it the ball flies off high into the air.
(b)
Tick boxes to describe the shape and movement of the ball after he has
kicked it and it is high in the air.
the same as
in the picture
different from
the picture
The shape of the ball is
The movement of the ball is
2 marks
Maximum 3 marks
27.
pull of
engine
(a)
A railway engine is being used to try to pull a wagon along a level track.
The wagon’s brakes are on, and the wagon does not move.
(i)
Draw one arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force
which prevents the wagon from moving.
1 mark
(ii)
Is the force which prevents the wagon from moving greater than,
equal to or less than the pull of the engine?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
(i)
When the wagon’s brakes are off, the engine pulls the wagon forwards. A
frictional force also acts on the wagon. In what direction does the frictional
force act?
1 mark
(ii)
The pull of the engine is 5000 N. When the wagon’s speed is increasing,
how large is the frictional force?
Tick the correct box.
zero
between 0 and 5000 N
5000 N
more than 5000 N
1 mark
(c)
After a while, the wagon travels at a steady speed. The engine is still
pulling with a force of 5000 N.
How large is the frictional force now? Tick the correct box.
zero
between 0 and 5000 N
5000 N
more than 5000 N
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
28.
Oil is an important energy resource. It provides about 38% of the energy used for
transport, heating and generating electricity.
(a)
The energy stored in oil came from the Sun.
Describe how energy from the Sun became stored in oil.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b)
(i)
Oil can be described as a non-renewable energy resource. Explain why.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Tick the boxes by two other non-renewable energy resources.
coal
wind
solar
tidal
natural gas
wave
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
29.
Luke investigated the heating of water. He predicted that the rise in temperature would
depend on the volume of water.
The diagram shows the apparatus he used.
stiring rod
thermometer
100 cm3 beaker
water
candle
block
Luke recorded his results in a table as shown below.
beaker
volume of water,
in cm3
temperature at start,
in °C
temperature after
2 minutes, in °C
A
25
18
30
B
50
18
24
C
75
18
22
(a)
Why did Luke need to know the temperature of the water at the beginning and at
the end of the experiment?
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Did Luke’s results support his prediction? Explain your answer.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Luke stirred the water during the experiment. How did this make his results more
reliable?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
Which of the following statements about the energy transferred to the beakers is
correct?
Tick the correct box.
Much more energy went into beaker ‘A’
because its temperature increased the most.
The same amount of energy went into all
three beakers.
Beaker ‘C’ received the most energy
because there was more water to heat.
1 mark
(e)
After a time, all three beakers cooled down to room temperature.
What happened to the thermal energy in the beakers as they cooled down?
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
30.
The diagram shows a cyclist at different positions as he cycles over a humpback bridge.
(a)
(i)
Where does the cyclist have the most kinetic energy?
Tick the correct box.
A
B
C
D
1 mark
(ii)
Where does the cyclist have the most potential energy?
Tick the correct box.
A
B
C
D
1 mark
(iii)
Where does the cyclist have the least potential energy?
Tick the correct box.
A
B
C
D
1 mark
(b)
The cyclist used some energy to cycle over the bridge. Where was this energy
transferred to by the time the cyclist reached position D?
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks