Standard 3 Component 1
Objective 1 Compare rocks and minerals and describe how they are related.
A.Recognize that most rocks are composed of minerals.
B.Observe and describe the minerals found in rocks (e.g., shape, color, luster, texture, hardness).
Vocabulary:
Mineral: A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence
Luster: Describes how a mineral appears to reflect light, and how brilliant or dull the mineral is.
Texture: The shape or pattern on the surface of a mineral.
Hardness: A minerals resistance to scratching
Streak: The color of the powder left by a mineral
Cleavage: The tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces in a geometric repetitive manner.
Mohs Hardness Scale: Describes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder
material to scratch a softer material
Learning Activities
Analogies/Bridge Map Notes
SMARTNotes with thinking map integration
Mineral ID Lab
Standard 3 Module 1 Essential Questions
1.) Explain how minerals and rocks are related.
2.) Give 3 analogies that have the same relationship as minerals do to rocks.
Example: minerals are to rocks as words are to sentences
1.)
2.)
3.)
3.) Explain each of the following mineral physical properties and how you identified each in the lab.
Luster
Cleavage
Streak
Hardness
Texture
4.) What is Moh’s Hardness Scale?
5.) Use the mineral identification chart below. A mineral has a white streak, no special properties, can be any color, has
no cleavage, has a non-metallic luster, and a hardness of 7. What mineral is this? EXPLAIN how you came up with your
answer.
Standard 3 Module 1 Practice Content Quiz key
1. A mineral was found on an expedition to the Andes Mountains in South America. The
physical properties are listed below. Use the key to determine the name of the mineral.
This unknown mineral scratches glass, is not metallic, and does not have cleavage, and is
not granular. What is the identity of this mineral?
2.
A. Horneblend
B. Calcite
C. Quartz
D. Olivine
Metallic Luster
Scratches glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
PYRITE Brass-
MAGNETITE
yellow; black
streak; cubic
crystals;
Hardness: 6-6.5
Black; strongly
magnetic;
Hardness: 6
Does not scratch glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
Nonmetallic Luster
Scratches glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
CHALCO
PYRITE
Brass yellow;
black streak;
Hardness:
3.5-4
GRAPHITE
HORNBLENDE
Black to dark
green; oblong
cleavage planes
with splinters;
hardness:5-6
OLIVINE
CALCITE
BAUXITE
Shades of green
granular masses;
Hardness: 6-7
Colorless to
white;
rhombohedral
cleavage;
fizzes in HCl
acid;
Hardness: 3-4
Made of dark
rounded spheres
which are the
mineral;
Hardness: 2-4
HEMATITE
Black-grey:
red streak,
hardness of 6
GALENA
FELDSPAR
QUARTZ Any
Shiny Gray;
black streak;
very heavy;
cubic crystals;
Hardness: 2.5
Flesh-colored or
white; two
cleavage planes at
nearly right
angles; Hardness:
6
color, white or
clear; glassy
luster; Hardness:
7
DOLOMITE
Colorless to
white; fizzes
in HCl Acid if
powder;
Hardness:
3.5-4
KAOLINITE
White to rust;
earthy odor
when wet;
uneven fracture;
Hardness: 1
Lead-Pencil;
black streak;
leaves lots of
smudges on
hands,
Hardness: 1
Does not scratch glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
3. What is the name of the mineral with the physical and chemical properties listed below?
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
cleavage- present
does not oxidize or rust
luster- non-metallic
reacts with HCl acid in powder form
hardness- does not scratch glass
streak- white
A. Bauxite
B. Dolomite
Metallic Luster
Scratches glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
PYRITE Brass-
MAGNETITE
yellow; black
streak; cubic
crystals;
Hardness: 6-6.5
Black; strongly
magnetic;
Hardness: 6
C. Calcite
D. Feldspar
Does not scratch glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
Nonmetallic Luster
Scratches glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
CHALCO
PYRITE
Brass yellow;
black streak;
Hardness:
3.5-4
GRAPHITE
HORNBLENDE
Black to dark
green; oblong
cleavage planes
with splinters;
hardness:5-6
OLIVINE
CALCITE
BAUXITE
Shades of green
granular masses;
Hardness: 6-7
Colorless to
white; white
streak
rhombohedral
cleavage;
fizzes in HCl
acid;
Hardness: 3-4
Made of dark
rounded spheres
which are the
mineral;
Hardness: 2-4
HEMATITE
Black-grey:
red streak,
hardness of 6
GALENA
FELDSPAR
QUARTZ Any
Shiny Gray;
black streak;
very heavy;
cubic crystals;
Hardness: 2.5
Flesh-colored or
white; two
cleavage planes at
nearly right
angles; Hardness:
6
color, white or
clear; glassy
luster; Hardness:
7
DOLOMITE
Colorless to
white; white
streakfizzes in
HCl Acid if
powdered;
Hardness:
3.5-4
KAOLINITE
White to rust;
earthy odor
when wet;
uneven fracture;
Hardness: 1
Lead-Pencil;
black streak;
leaves lots of
smudges on
hands,
Hardness: 1
Does not scratch glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
4. What analogy best describes the relationship between minerals and rocks?
A. cars to road
B. student to desk
C. policeman to firefighter
D. words to sentences
5. What analogy best describes the relationship between minerals and rocks?
A. water to drink
B. trees to forest
C. plastic to computer
D. book to chapter
6. What analogy best describes the relationship between minerals and rocks?
A. cells to tissue
B. bone to arm
C. teacher to student
D. car to tunnel
Standard 3 Module 1 Practice Vocab Quiz
1. A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence
A. Texture
B. Cleavage
C. Mineral
D. Luster
2. Describes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch
a softer material
A. Luster
B. Mohs Hardness Scale
C. Mineral
D. Texture
3. A minerals resistance to scratching
A. Texture
B. Cleavage
C. Hardness
D. Luster
4. The color of the powder left by a mineral
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Texture
D. Luster
5. The tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces in a geometric repetitive manner.
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Texture
D. Luster
6. The shape or pattern on the surface of a mineral.
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Texture
D. Luster
7. Describes how a mineral appears to reflect light, and how brilliant or dull the mineral is.
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Texture
D. Luster
Standard 3 Module 1 Essential Questions Key
1.) Explain how minerals and rocks are related. Minerals make up rocks. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks
2.) Give 3 analogies that have the same relationship as minerals do to rocks.
Example: minerals are to rocks as words are to sentences
1.) sentences are to paragraphs
2.) cells are to tissue
3.) students are to class
3.) Explain each of the following mineral physical properties and how you identified each in the lab.
Luster how a mineral reflects light
cleavage a minerals tendency to break in a geometric repetitive pattern
streak the color of the powder that a mineral leaves behind on a streak plate
Hardness a minerals resistance to scratching
Texture The appearance of the surface of a mineral
4.) What is Moh’s Hardness Scale?
A scale that shows the relative hardness of various materials and minerals.
5.) Use the mineral identification chart below. A mineral has a white streak, no special properties, can be any color, has
no cleavage, has a non-metallic luster, and a hardness of 7. What mineral is this? EXPLAIN how you came up with your
answer.
Quartz because the only other one that is close has a green color only.
Standard 3 Module 1 Practice Content Quiz key
1. A mineral was found on an expedition to the Andes Mountains in South America. The
physical properties are listed below. Use the key to determine the name of the mineral.
This unknown mineral scratches glass, is not metallic, and does not have cleavage, and is
not granular. What is the identity of this mineral?
A. Horneblend
B. Calcite
C. Quartz
D. Olivine
Metallic Luster
Scratches glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
PYRITE Brass-
MAGNETITE
yellow; black
streak; cubic
crystals;
Hardness: 6-6.5
Black; strongly
magnetic;
Hardness: 6
Does not scratch glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
Nonmetallic Luster
Scratches glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
CHALCO
PYRITE
Brass yellow;
black streak;
Hardness:
3.5-4
GRAPHITE
HORNBLENDE
Black to dark
green; oblong
cleavage planes
with splinters;
hardness:5-6
OLIVINE
CALCITE
BAUXITE
Shades of green
granular masses;
Hardness: 6-7
Colorless to
white;
rhombohedral
cleavage;
fizzes in HCl
acid;
Hardness: 3-4
Made of dark
rounded spheres
which are the
mineral;
Hardness: 2-4
HEMATITE
Black-grey:
red streak,
hardness of 6
GALENA
FELDSPAR
QUARTZ Any
Shiny Gray;
black streak;
very heavy;
cubic crystals;
Hardness: 2.5
Flesh-colored or
white; two
cleavage planes at
nearly right
angles; Hardness:
6
color, white or
clear; glassy
luster; Hardness:
7
DOLOMITE
Colorless to
white; fizzes
in HCl Acid if
powder;
Hardness:
3.5-4
KAOLINITE
White to rust;
earthy odor
when wet;
uneven fracture;
Hardness: 1
Lead-Pencil;
black streak;
leaves lots of
smudges on
hands,
Hardness: 1
Does not scratch glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
2. What is the name of the mineral with the physical and chemical properties listed below?
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
cleavage- present
does not oxidize or rust
luster- non-metallic
reacts with HCl acid in powder form
hardness- does not scratch glass
streak- white
A. Bauxite
B. Dolomite
Metallic Luster
Scratches glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
PYRITE Brass-
MAGNETITE
yellow; black
streak; cubic
crystals;
Hardness: 6-6.5
Black; strongly
magnetic;
Hardness: 6
C. Calcite
D. Feldspar
Does not scratch glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
Nonmetallic Luster
Scratches glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
CHALCO
PYRITE
Brass yellow;
black streak;
Hardness:
3.5-4
GRAPHITE
HORNBLENDE
Black to dark
green; oblong
cleavage planes
with splinters;
hardness:5-6
OLIVINE
CALCITE
BAUXITE
Shades of green
granular masses;
Hardness: 6-7
Colorless to
white; white
streak
rhombohedral
cleavage;
fizzes in HCl
acid;
Hardness: 3-4
Made of dark
rounded spheres
which are the
mineral;
Hardness: 2-4
HEMATITE
Black-grey:
red streak,
hardness of 6
GALENA
FELDSPAR
QUARTZ Any
Shiny Gray;
black streak;
very heavy;
cubic crystals;
Hardness: 2.5
Flesh-colored or
white; two
cleavage planes at
nearly right
angles; Hardness:
6
color, white or
clear; glassy
luster; Hardness:
7
DOLOMITE
Colorless to
white; white
streakfizzes in
HCl Acid if
powdered;
Hardness:
3.5-4
KAOLINITE
White to rust;
earthy odor
when wet;
uneven fracture;
Hardness: 1
Lead-Pencil;
black streak;
leaves lots of
smudges on
hands,
Hardness: 1
3. What analogy best describes the relationship between minerals and rocks?
A. cars to road
B. student to desk
C. policeman to firefighter
D. words to sentences
4. What analogy best describes the relationship between minerals and rocks?
A. water to drink
B. trees to forest
C. plastic to computer
D. book to chapter
Does not scratch glass
Cleavage
No Cleavage
5. What analogy best describes the relationship between minerals and rocks?
A. cells to tissue
B. bone to arm
C. teacher to student
D. car to tunnel
Standard 3 Module 1 Practice Vocab Quiz key
1. A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence
A. Texture
B. Cleavage
C. Mineral
D. Luster
2. Describes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch
a softer material
A. Luster
B. Mohs Hardness Scale
C. Mineral
D. Texture
3. A minerals resistance to scratching
A. Texture
B. Cleavage
C. Hardness
D. Luster
4. The color of the powder left by a mineral
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Texture
D. Luster
5. The tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces in a geometric repetitive manner.
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Texture
D. Luster
6. The shape or pattern on the surface of a mineral.
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Texture
D. Luster
7. Describes how a mineral appears to reflect light, and how brilliant or dull the mineral is.
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Texture
D. Luster