MMT and Goniometry and Prime movers for action, EVERYTHING
Joint
Joint type
Axis
Movement
Prime movers
Sternoclavicular
joint
Ball and
socket
triaxial
No muscles/none
Acromio clavicular
Gliding
/irregular
plane
Non axial
Glenohumeral
joint
Ball and
socket
Tri axial
Elevation,
Depression,
(follow)
protraction +
retraction
oppose S/T
motion
Elevation,
Depression,
protraction,
retraction,
(all follow)
Flexion
Extension
Posterior deltoid
Lattisimus dorsi
Teres major
Pectoralis major
Hyper
extension
Abduction
Posterior deltoid
Lats
Deltoid
supraspinatus
Pec major
Teres major
Latissimus Dorsi
Posterior deltoid
Intraspinatis
Teres minor
Pec major
Anterior deltoid
Lats
Teres major
Subscapularis
Anterior deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Adduction
Horizontal
abduction
Horizontal
adduction
Medial
rotation
Lateral
rotation
No muscles/none
Anterior deltoid
Pec Major
Normal MMT
G.E.
MMT
Palpation
Goniometry
Placement
Normal
Posterior deltoid
Scapular
thoracic
Pseudo joint
Non-axial
Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Upward
rotation
Downward
rotation
Scapular tilt
Upper trap
Levator scapula
Rhomboids
Lower trapezius
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
Middle trapezuis
Rhomboids
Upper and lower trap
Serratus anterior
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis minor
Normal MMT
Elbow
Hinge/
ginglamous
Uniaxial
Flexion
Biceps,
bracialis,
bracioradialis,
(pronator teres)
extension
Radial
/ulnar
R/C
Radio
Carpal
Pivot
Condyloid
joint
Uniaxial
biaxial
G.E.
MMT
Arm horiz
abducted
Palpation
Prone
Sitting
Triceps
Sitting
GH
flexion
supported
under
elbow
Sitting
GH
flexion
supported
under
elbow
Wrist on
side
Wrist on
thumb on
table
ECRLongus on
forearm
Sitting
Pronation
Pronator teres
Pronator quadrates
Sitting
supination
Biceps
Supinatior
sitting
Flexion
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Wrist on table
palm down
Extension
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis,
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Wrist on table
palm down
Goniometry
Placement
On lateral
epicondyle of
elbow joint
Normal
Pronator teres,
medial to distal
insertion of
biceps
Outside of
wrist
0-80
Biceps
Inside of
wrist
0-80
FCR @ base of
2nd metacarpal
Base of the
3rd
metacarpal,
make arch off
table
Palm up, in
line with
palmarus
longus
0-80
Biceps
0- 150
0-70
insertion
IC
CMC
Irregular
plane/
modified ball
and socket
none
Saddle/sellar
Triaxial
AB (radial)
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis longus
No MMT
AD (ulnar)
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris
No MMT
Follows what
the RC is
using.
Follows what
the RC is
using.
Half moon
outisde ,
measuring
arm moves in
Half moon
inside ,
measuring
arm moves
out
0-20
On MCP joint
0-90
0-30
No MMT
“” ^ (ask if this is correct for
ab/adduction as well, do they
follow too?)
“”^
No MMT
Flexion of CMC
No MMT
Extension on the CMC
MCP
Condyloid
Biaxial
Flexion
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus,
lumbercals
interossei
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Palm up,
on side
Palm down on
table
On side
Abduction
Dorsal interossei
Abductor digiti minimi
G.E only
Palm
down
Adduction
Palmer interossei
G.E. only
Palm
down
Flexion
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Palm up isolate
PIP
On side
Extension
Lumbercals
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Palm up DIPs
straight apply
downward force
On side
Extension
PIP
Hinge
Uniaxial
Flexor digit
minimi on the
volar eminence
by pinky
Extensor
digitorum on
proximal
forearm
Resist btw two
fingers, palpate
Abd. Dig. Min.
on ulnar border
of the 5th
metacarpal
Try pull apart
Cant palpate
interossei
Flex Digitorum
Superficialis
Volar surface,
of the ulnar side
Lumbercals too
deep for
palpation
Half moo in
Half moon
out
On PIP
0-100
Extensor indicis
DIP
Hinge
Uniaxial
Flexion
Flexor digitorum profundus
Palm up
Isolate finger
On side
Extension
Lumbercals
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor indicis
Flexion
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor pollicis brevis
Extension
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abduction
Abductor pollicis longus
Abductor pollicis brevis
Palm up
On side
Adduction
Adductor pollicis
Palm down
On side
Opposition
Opponens pollicis
Palm up
ON side
Reposition
Adductor pollicis
Extensor pollicis longus
Flexor
digitorum
profundus
(volar surface
on the middle
phalanges
On DIP
0-90
Axis on radial
side at
junction of
the base of
the 1st MC an
d the
trapezium
“flex down”
Half moon on
inside, at the
junction of
the bse of the
1st MC and
the trapezium
0-15
Thumb
CMC
Saddle/ sellar
Triaxial,
(2 axis
acceptable
)
Abd pol longus,
palpated at
wrist joint distal
to the radial
styloid
Adductor
pollicis longus
on the palmar
surface of the
thumb web
space
Palpate the
opponens pol
on the lateral
side of the shaft
of the 1st
metacarpal
0-20
Extensor pollicis brevis
MCP
IP
Hinge
Hinge
Uniaxial
Uniaxial
Flexion
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor pollicis brevis
Extension
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
On side
Forearm
suppinated
Flexion
Flexor pollicis longus
Elbow flexed
Thumb
flexes
across
palm
Extension
Extensor pollicis longus
On side
Forearm
suppinated
Flex. Pol brevis
on the thenar
eminence
proximal to the
MP joint and
medial to the
abd.pol brev
Ext. Pol. Brevis
radial border of
the anatomical
snufbox
Flex. Pol. Long.
On the palmar
suface of the
proximal
phalanax
Extesnor
pollicis longus
on th eulnar
border of the
anatomical
snuff box
Across the
palm of the
frontal plane
0-50
On the IP
0-80
trochanter
0-120
F start on hip
bone
0-45
Pelvis
N/a
N/a
Tilt follows
hip movement
N/a
Hip
Ball + Socket
Triaxial
Flexion
Rectus femoris
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Tensor Fascia Latae
Sartorius
Gluteus maximus
Semitendenosis
Biceps femoris (long head)
Gluteus maximus
supine
On side
Iliopsoas
“dig in”
prone
On side
Gluteus
maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor Fascia Latae
Sartorius
Pectineaus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
On side
supine
Gluteus medius
G.E. only
supine
Gracilis
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
prone
Internal
/medial
rotation
External/
lateral rotation
Knee
Complicated
Hinge
Uniaxial
Flexion
extension
Gluteus minimis
Gluteus Maximus
6 Deep rotators
Sartorius
Hamstring Group
1. Semimembranous
2. Semitendenous
3. Biceps femoris
4. Popliteus
5. Gastritnemius
Quadraceps group
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus medialis
3. Vastus intermedialis
4. Vastus Lateralis
sitting
standing
Gracilis
Gluetues
minimus
Gluteus
Maximus
On knee
0-45
On front of
knee
0-45
on side of
knee (patient
prone
0-135
L on side
with round
part on the
heel
L on side
with round
part on the
heel
0-20
prone
On side
Biceps femors
(hamstrings)
Sitting on edge
of table
On side
Rectus femoris
Ankle Complex includes proper ankle, IT’s , TMT’s
Proper
Ankle
Hinge
Uniaxial
Dorsi flexion
Plantar flexion
Intertarsals
(IT’s)
Irregular
plane and
Ball and
socket
none
Dorsi Flxion
Plantar flexion
Inversion
Eversion
Tarsalmetatarsal
Joints
TMT (like
CMC)
Irregular
plane (except
for big toe
which is
saddle/ sellar
Dorsi Flxion
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
(ext. hallucis longus)
(peroneus tertris)
Gastriconemius,
soleus
(Plantaris)
Tibialis posterior
D flexor digitorum longus
H Flexor hallucis longus
Same as proper ankle
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitroum longus
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
(flexor hollucis Longus
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Same as proper ankle
Foot hanging
demi relevea
Tibalis anterior
lateral to the
shaft of the tibia
prone
Gastricnemius
and soleus
0-50
like thumb)
Plantar flexion
Inversion
Eversion
SAME as IT’s
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitroum longus
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
(flexor hollucis Longus
SAME as IT’s
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
SAME as IT’s
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Ankle complex is: proper ankle IT, TMT
Metatarsal
Phalangeal
MTP (like
MCP)
Interphalang
eal
IP
Elipsoid
condyloid
Hinge
Biaxial
uniaxial
Flexion
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Extension
Ext dijitorum longus
(extensor digiti brevis)
Extensor hallucis longus
Same as MTP
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Same as MTP
Ext dijitorum longus
(extensor digiti brevis)
Extensor hallucis longus
flexion
Extension