PETE 563: Reservoir Management and Evaluation Petroleum Engineering Graduate Spring, 2015 Abdollah Esmaeili esmaily_ab@yahoo.com +994554745542 307N , Tuesday and Friday 19:40 – 21:00 Saturday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, 9:00 – 21:00 Identification Subject Department Program Term Instructor E-mail: Phone: Classroom/hours Office hours Prerequisites Language Compulsory/Elective Required textbooks and course materials Consent of instructor English Required Core textbook: 1. Tarek Ahmed, Nathan Meehan. Advanced Reservoir Management and Engineering, 2011, 702 pages 2. L.P. Dake, Fundamentals of reservoir engineering, 1998, 498 pages 3. B.C Craft, M. Hawkins, Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering, 1990, 226 pages 4. Boyun Guo, William C. Lyons, Ali Ghalambor, Petroleum Production Engineering, 2007, 287 pages 5. Ali Danesh, PVT and Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids, 1998, 390 pages Course website Course outline The course teaches the principles and techniques necessary for a petroleum engineer to work effectively within a multi-disciplinary field development team. Emphasis is placed on the fundamentals of appraisal, field development planning and reservoir management and evaluation, supported by field case studies. On completion, participants will understand the multi-disciplinary nature of the workflows that underpin oil and gas field development projects. The course combines theoretical foundations with practical applications. We will begin with a general overview in each topic and then go into more detail on several concepts. Course objectives Generic Objective of the Course: Reservoir Management and Evaluation is a unique combination of reservoir geoscience and reservoir engineering centred on the individual reservoir rather than the wider regional geology. Most development decisions in oil companies are based on the predictions of models of the subsurface. We teach our students the most effective ways to combine the geology, geophysics and reservoir engineering disciplines in order to develop models which provide the most robust predictions. The main objective of this course is to provide a thorough training in aspects of reservoir geology, geophysics and engineering, related to the appraisal and development of subsurface hydrocarbon resources. Upon completion this course, students will be in a unique position of having a thorough understanding of the both the geosciences and engineering issues relevant to hydrocarbon reservoir behavior. This course is deliberately intensive, typically consisting of working 2 days per week of lectures and practical work, including tutorial exercises designed to teach practical skills in addition to learning theory. The course can be included a field trip for those with and without prior practical experience. The most challenging and fulfilling aspect of our course is the project work, where students are tasked to propose a development plan for a field. The project integrates all the learning in reservoir management and evaluation. Learning outcomes Participants will learn to: 1. Demonstrate the use of routine core analysis data to measure and understand the controls on porosity and permeability. 2. Apply special core analysis data to understand concepts of capillary pressures, rock wettability and relative permeability. Also, to relate these rock properties to the estimation of hydrocarbon saturation and column height, seal capacity and pore-scale fluid displacement. 3. Determine hydrocarbon-water contacts and understand how these vary in response to different fluid types and rock properties. 4. Analyze the PVT relationship of reservoir fluids and demonstrate how variability in fluid properties impacts on field development planning and production. 5. Analyze reservoir energy and drive mechanisms and their effect on reservoir performance and hydrocarbon recovery. 6. Examine the principles of reservoir management including well pattern options, production forecasting and uncertainty. 7. Contrast field appraisal and development strategies using different case studies, including volumetric and economic considerations and the effectiveness of multidisciplinary teams to optimize production throughout field life. Teaching methods Evaluation Policy Lecture Group discussion Exercises Simulation Case analysis Course paper Others Methods Midterm Exam Case studies Class Participation Assignment and quizzes Project Presentation/Group Discussion Final Exam Others Total Preparation for class x x x x x Date/deadlines Percentage (%) 30 10 10 5 45 100 The structure of this course makes your individual study and preparation outside the class extremely important. The lecture material will focus on the major points introduced in the text. Reading the assigned chapters and having some familiarity with them before class will greatly assist your understanding of the lecture. After the lecture, you should study your notes and work relevant problems. Withdrawal (pass/fail) This course strictly follows grading policy of the College of Engineering. Thus, a student is normally expected to achieve a mark of at least 65% to pass. In case of failure, he/she will be required to repeat the course the following term or year. Cheating/plagiarism Cheating or other plagiarism during the Quizzes, Mid-term and Final Examinations will lead to paper cancellation. In this case, the student will automatically get zero (0), without any considerations. Week Professional behavior guidelines The students shall behave in the way to create favorable academic and professional environment during the class hours. Unauthorized discussions and unethical behavior are strictly prohibited. Tentative Schedule 1 2 3 Date/Day (tentative) Topics Introduction. Fundamental Concepts Progress from Discovery to Development Oil and Gas Industry Operations Onshore and Offshore Oil and Gas Wells Oil and Gas Reservoir Recovery Concepts Behaviour of Reservoir Fluids Reservoir Drive Mechanisms Reservoir Rock properties Reservoir Fluid properties Reserves and Production Profiles Economical Considerations Reservoir Geological Concepts Geological Features Oil and gas fields geology Different geological environments Basics of Structural Geology and Geophysics Measurable Reservoir Properties Hydrocarbons in Place Reservoir Sedimentology Different Sedimentary Environments Primary Fabric of Reservoirs Depositional Features Flow of Hydrocarbons through Reservoirs Processes Responsible for Deposition of Sediments Porosity and Permeability Rock Mechanics, Geo-mechanics and Geo-physics Rock Deformation Rock/Fluid Interactions Geophysical Surveying of Reservoirs Measuring Key Properties of Reservoirs Measurements of Rock Properties Principles of Core Measurements Pc and Saturation Relationships Relative Permeability Measurement Petrophysical Core Measurements Relation of Core Measurements to Logs Formation Evaluation Concept of Formation Evaluation Well Logging Tools Used in Logging Interpretation of Well Logs Textbook/Assignments 4 5 6 7 8 9 Well Testing Introduction to Well Testing Overview of Well Behavior and Testing, Objectives of Well Testing Flow Equations Types of tests Well bore Skin Factor - damage and stimulation Well bore Storage Hydraulically and Naturally Fractured Wells Data Quality (Pressure, Production and Fluids) Well Test Interpretations Well Testing Water Injectivity Tests Well Test Design and Planning Horizontal Well Test Drill stem and production tests Build up and interference tests Pressure Transient Analysis Wire line formation and production test Flow Regimes – Vertical Wells Flow Regimes – Horizontal Wells Drawdown Analysis (or Injection) Build up Analysis Well Testing Production Forecasting and Analysis Test design, complex models, pitfalls, etc. Fundamentals of Fluid Flow in Porous Media Superposition Analysis of Flow Tests Radius of Investigation, Drainage Area Pressure, Distance to Boundaries Flow and Build-Up Test Analysis for Gas Wells Non-Darcy Flow Multi rate Tests Midterm Exam Reservoir Engineering Reservoir fluid and rock properties Coring practices and rock properties Fundamentals of fluid flow Reservoir fluid distribution Reservoir classification Reservoir drive mechanisms Oil and gas well performance Reservoir fluid displacement concepts Estimation of oil-in-place and gas-in-place Reservoir Engineering Formation Damage Reservoir Volume Fundamental of Reservoir Description 10 11 12 13 14 15 Coring and Core Analysis Volumetric Behavior Fluid Distribution Reservoir Fluid Phase Behavior Crude Oils - PVT Analysis Material (volumetric) Balance Equations Fluid Flow in Porous Medium Oil Well productivity Gas reservoirs Natural gas Conventional gas reservoirs Estimation initial gas in place Unconventional gas reservoir Gas and Gas Condensate Oil Reservoirs Saturated Oil Reservoir Under Saturated Oil Reservoir Fractured reservoirs Naturally fractured reservoirs Behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs Hydraulically fractured wells Oil and Gas Production Problems Well Problems and Identification Water Coning Gas Coning Formation Damage Oil and Gas Production Problems Well Work-over Operations Hydraulic Fracturing Sand Management Produced Water Control Oil Production and the Environment Recovery Enhanced oil recovery methods Miscible methods Chemical methods Thermal methods Reservoir Modeling Geological modelling (static) Software programs Dynamic modelling (simulation) Reservoir simulators Simulation position in the field life Methodology and advantages of reservoir simulation “Black oil” and compositional models Modules of typical reservoir simulators 16 Final Exam This syllabus is a guide for the course and any modifications to it will be announced in advance.