Trade Office of Brussels - Wallonia
Royal Embassy of Belgium
The Environmental Sector in Singapore
July 2008
Table of contents
Introduction
I-
Overview of the environmental sector in Singapore
1. The main actors in the environmental sector
a) Government Boards
b) Non Governmental Organisations
c) Private Companies
2. Political and legal frameworks
a) Political framework
b) Legal framework
3. International and Regional Cooperation
a) International Cooperation
b) Regional Cooperation
4. Government’s strategies, policies and plans – international events
5. Overview of the environmental sector in Singapore by field
a) Water
→ Governmental Actions – Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
→ Research & Development
→ Companies in the field
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies / Belgian supply
b) Air
→ Governmental Actions – Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
→ Companies in the field
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies / Belgian supply
c) Waste management
→ Governmental Actions – Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
→ Research & Development
→ Companies in the field
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies / Belgian supply
d) Energy control
→ Governmental Actions – Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
→ Research & Development
→ Companies in the field
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies / Belgian supply
e) Building & construction
→ Governmental Actions – Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
→ Research & Development
→ Companies in the field
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies / Belgian supply
2
6. SWOT analysis
II-
Useful Singaporean contacts and websites
1.
2.
3.
4.
Government Boards
Non Governmental Organisations
Research Centres and Institutes
Private Companies
3
Introduction
With sustainable environment becoming an international concern, the global
environmental technology market is likely to enjoy robust growth in the coming years.
The drivers of environmental change, notably urbanization, industrialization, and
intensified agriculture, are expected to further push the demands for water, energy, and
natural resources in the coming decade. Urbanization, a major driver of environmental
change, is growing in Asia at full speed. From 30% in 1990, urbanization increased to
40% in 2005 and is expected to reach 50% by 2030.
Urbanization and industrialization in the region has resulted in the continued rise of air
and water pollution. Solid waste management, especially in cities, has become a huge
problem. Meeting the region’s demands for improved environmental quality will require
a massive expansion of air pollution control, wastewater treatment, solid waste
management, public transport and clean, renewable energy systems.
Asia accounts for €27.6 billion of the €447 billion global market for environmental
technologies and services per year. This share is likely to rise to some €74 billion of €596
billion by the year 2015.
In these circumstances, Singapore, which is today a sophisticated, urban, industrialized
city-state, has the ambition to become a global hub for the Environment and Water
Industry in the region.
Singapore's rapid economic growth in the past decades has exacerbated the pressure on
the environment. Indeed, throughout the 90’s, the volume of industrial production has
more than doubled and the country's total primary energy requirement has increased
significantly. The environmental problems facing the country are its air and water
pollution, the shortage of water, the rising volumes of waste that are exacerbated by an
increasingly population in this very narrow country.
Therefore, the environmental industry is absolutely essential to maintain the quality of
life, especially in this country, as it will also contribute to sustainable growth in the
economy. Furthermore, this is a strategic growth area to diversify Singapore’s economy
and has been identified as one of the three most important ones for the country’s growth.
Thus, the government launched in 2002 “The Singapore Green Plan 2012”, which is
Singapore’s 10-year programme for environmental sustainability. It focuses on six areas
where progress and efforts have to be made. Besides, the government targets to provide
€165 million of additional funding for Research and Development (R&D) over the next
five years to boost the development of the industry.
In this context of fast and promising growth, the Singapore environmental market should
holds out huge opportunities for foreign companies, notably Walloon and Brussels’
enterprises with innovative products and qualified workforce in the field. Indeed, a large
number of engineers have put their talent at the service of new and effective processes (in
the production of biofuels, the development of waste logistical system or sewage
treatment plants…) that should respond to the Singaporean demand.
To help companies foresee these, this paper aims at reviewing the current state of the
environmental sector in Singapore (government policies, actions taken by the private and
non governmental actors to respond to the environmental needs of the country), and at
studying the opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels’ companies.
4
I-
Overview of the environmental sector in Singapore
1. The main actors in the environmental sector
a) Government Boards
Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MEWR)
The mission of the Ministry is to provide Singaporeans with a clean, healthy and quality
living environment. The Ministry also manages water as a strategic national resource. It
has two statutory boards:
- National Environment Agency (NEA)
The NEA focuses on the implementation of environmental policies. The NEA is divided
into three departments: Environmental Protection, Environmental Public Health (vectorand food-borne diseases control, hygiene of public places like food courts and toilets…)
and Meteorological Services.
The Environmental Protection Division’s role is to ensure sustainable development by
implementing programmes to monitor, reduce and prevent environmental pollution. Its
key goals in resource conservation include waste minimisation, recycling and energy
efficiency.
- Public Utilities Board (PUB)
The PUB is the national water agency that manages Singapore’s water supply, water
catchments and sewerage in an integrated way.
The PUB won the 2007 Stockholm Industry Water Award and was named Water Agency
of the Year at the Global Water Awards 2006 for its achievements in sustainable water
management.
Other general environment-oriented boards work under the Ministry. These are mainly
the SEI and the NCCC:
Singapore Environmental Institute (SEI)
The SEI is the environmental training division of the National Environment Agency. The
Institute provides courses for NEA staff and industry workers as well as general
environmental awareness courses on weather, resources conservation and environmental
laws to the public.
National Climate Change Committee (NCCC)
The missions of the National Climate Change Committee are to promote greater energy
efficiency and to raise awareness amongst the People, Public and Private sectors (3P) on
the impacts of climate change. Understanding Singapore’s vulnerability, the NCCC tries
to build competency to better respond to climate change.
Some boards are focused on more specific environmental issues like water, energy or
nature preservation. These are the EWI, the SUI, the EMA and the NPB:
5
Environment and Water Industry Development Council (EWI)
The EWI provides overall direction and coordination of efforts in developing and
growing the Water and Environment Industry in Singapore. Its role is to ensure that
Singapore works to achieve the goal of being a global water hub in the region, through
the implementation of its plans for technology and manpower development, cluster
development and internationalisation. It also provides funding for R&D in the
environmental field.
Singapore Utilities International Council (SUI)
SUI aims to provide a comprehensive international water supply business through
acquisition of infrastructure and ‘build-own-operate’ concessions in water supply,
wastewater treatment and disposal, water reclamation and recycling.
SUI employs the expertise of its own Centre of Advanced Water Technology (CAWT)
to develop new technologies and consider them for commercialisation.
Energy Market Authority (EMA)
EMA is the statutory board for the economic, technical and competition regulation of the
gas and electricity industry in Singapore. The Energy Market Authority also provides
incentives for the power generation companies (gencos) to switch from oil-fired steam
generators to more efficient gas turbines through vesting contracts amongst others.
National Parks Board (NPB)
The NPB is committed to provide and enhance greenery of the Garden City. The agency
manages some 300 parks, the park connector network, the lush roadside greenery in
Singapore and the nature reserves (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve and Bukit Timah
Nature Reserve).
Finally, the government is also involved in the environmental sector through general
research and innovation funding boards, the EDB, the RIEC and the NRF:
Economic Development Board (EDB)
The EDB is responsible for planning and executing strategies to enhance Singapore’s
position as a global hub for business and investment. It supports local and foreign
investors in both the manufacturing and services sectors. EDB is also expanding existing
industry clusters and exploring new growth areas to create jobs and secure Singapore’s
future competitiveness. It encourages entrepreneurship by creating an environment which
is conductive for start-ups and other companies to interact with each other. It also ensures
the application of good corporate governance practices and protected intellectual
property.
Research, Innovation and Enterprise Council (RIEC)
The RIEC advises Singapore Cabinet on national research and innovation policies to
drive the strengthening of R&D capabilities. It also promotes research, innovation and
enterprise by encouraging new initiatives in knowledge creation in Science and
Technology.
6
National Research Foundation (NRF)
The National Research Foundation was set up on 1 January 2006 to coordinate the
research of different agencies within the larger national framework in order to provide a
coherent strategic overview and direction. The NRF also implement national research,
innovation and enterprise strategies approved by the RIEC, and allocate funding to
programmes.
b) Non Governmental Organisations and associations
Some organisations are concerned about the environmental sector as a whole:
Singapore Environment Council (SEC)
The SEC is the national sustainable development coordination mechanism that partners
with the government, private sector, educational institutions and green groups. Its task is
to promote greater public awareness and interest in environmental issues, to involve
business leaders in a pro-active process of environmental management, and to study,
develop and improve measures for the promotion and protection of the environment. It
manages a Green Volunteer Network, administers a Green Label Scheme (which awards
environment-friendly products with eco-labels) and oversees the yearly Singapore
Environmental Achievement Award.
Singapore Green Business Alliance (SGBA)
The SGBA is an industry association formed by the Singapore Environment Council,
with the support of the National Environment Agency, to promote environmental
protection, best practice and cooperation amongst companies based in Singapore.
Green Volunteers Network (GVN)
GVN provides a range of hands-on activities and programmes to turn awareness into
action and increase public participation in environmental protection. It is the volunteer
arm of the Singapore Environment Council.
Singapore Association of Environmental Occupational Health and Safety
Companies (SAFEco)
SAFEco is involved in providing environmental technology, environmental systems and
equipment, consultancy and training both in Singapore and within the region.
Environmental Engineering Society of Singapore (EESS)
EESS is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organization which aims to
provide its members with the opportunity to interact with professionals from all areas
within the environmental pollution control industry (scientists, engineers, managers and
administrators and their expertise covers the full range of environmental topics).
Certain parts of the environmental sector have their own devoted associations,
specifically water, waste and energy:
7
Singapore Water Association (SWA)
The SWA is an industrial body formed to bring together local water companies and
related organisations to develop a dynamic water industry in Singapore. It aims to
provide a forum for collaboration and the exchange of ideas, knowledge and
dissemination of information on emerging business opportunities amongst members.
Waste Management and Recycling Association of Singapore (WMRAS)
The WMRAS aims at fostering information exchange amongst its members and at
organising regular dialogue sessions with relevant authorities to keep members updated
on policies developments and to discuss the way the public and private sectors could
work together to address the environmental needs. WMRAS aims to promote business
networking opportunities and best practice amongst its members.
Sustainable Energy Association of Singapore (SEAS)
The SEAS gathers the companies involved in the promotion of renewable energy and
energy efficiency. It provides a platform for investors to engage with developers, ensures
awareness and showcases renewable energy technologies. The association is specializing
in running trainings and conferences in the area of sustainable energy: energy efficiency
and management, renewable energy, carbon trading, funding and financing of clean
energy projects.
c) Private Companies
There are more than 20.000 foreign companies in Singapore of which about 7.000
multinationals with 60% of them with regional functions.
There are currently more than 250 environmental companies operating mainly in the
following sectors:






Water and used water treatment
Waste management and recycling
Pollution control
Energy services
Pest management
Cleansing services
More and more environmental companies are working in partnership with MEWR, NEA
and PUB to ensure the sustainability of Singapore’s environment. These companies
possess both the expertise and the technology to offer a full range of services covering
the entire environmental value chain to local and global markets.
Some of them, the Government-linked companies, have the government as the major
stakeholder and in most instances, sell goods or services directly to the public.
Indeed, MEWR has been actively exploring ways to work in partnership with the private
sector in the provision of highquality environmental infrastructure and services. Thereby,
both the PUB and NEA have been increasing private sector participation in government
projects through outsourcing and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) arrangements.
8
In addition, industry associations have been formed among environmental companies to
facilitate collaboration and exchanges of ideas between companies that provide similar
services. Associations such as the Singapore Water Association are also a common
platform for them to cooperate with government agencies, and have the critical mass to
take on larger projects together and to raise their international profile.
As of March 2008, some 747 Singapore companies have been accredited with the ISO
14001 international standard for environmental management systems. In 2001, there was
only 260 of ISO 14001 certified companies, showing that there is a greater environmental
awareness among companies.
2. Political and legal frameworks
a) Political framework
Often typified as an authoritarian state, Singapore has in the past been noted for its dearth
of human rights, including a lack of citizens' freedom of expression. The main political
group is the People’s Action Party (PAP) that governs Singapore since Independence
Day. There are very few opposition parties.
Companies can be assured of safety and security as there is no loss of investments and
jobs due to unstable political environment. The country is also characterized by a strong
economic stability and its ease of doing business.
Singapore was the first ASEAN country to create a ministry dedicated to environmental
protection. The government has taken a proactive stance towards environmental
protection, and today, Singapore is one of the best urbanized places in the world to live in
terms of clean air, water, and plenty of greenery. The government has introduced policy
measures that have encouraged the integration of environmental factors in all
developmental processes. The MEWR has worked closely on the inter-related issues of
environment and development. Singapore’s strategy in the environmental field lies on the
cooperation between several ministries and government agencies, as well as on its
international positioning, the development of innovative technologies (capability
development), and the development of an industrial cluster.
In around fifteen years, the legal framework has been reinforced and the technical
standards have become more precise, reflecting an increasingly determined political will
to tackle a broad spectrum of environmental protection problems.
b) Legal framework
In Singapore, environmental, health and safety laws have been passed to ensure that
corporations do not damage the environment or compromise the health of their workers
and the public in the course of their activities. Environmental laws and regulations are
efficiently administered through a comprehensive planning process and stringent
enforcement system.
As seen before, Singapore’s environmental challenges are those found in highlyurbanized cities, particularly those relating to pollution from industrialisation and
9
urbanization and the conservation of natural areas (including forested land and marine
areas).
Thus, Environmental laws that apply in Singapore today mostly govern pollution control
in Singapore.
Singapore has established a stringent regulation of industrial pollution in order to
maintain a pollution-free urban centre. The Pollution Control Department (PCD) of the
Ministry of the Environment is responsible for the prevention and control of all kind of
pollution sources in Singapore. The PCD plays the leading role in implementing
environmental measures, in cooperation with other government organizations. Through
its Central Building Plan Unit (CBPU), PCD ensures that environmental factors are
incorporated into land use planning, development and building control of new
developments.
Concerning nature conservation, existing laws are, in general, inadequate, and the few
remaining tracts of natural areas continue to be threatened by development. There is also
no protection for marine areas as entire ecosystems. However, governmental authorities
are on the way to reduce the pressure on land by implementing a more efficient policy to
protect the natural areas.
Here are some Acts relevant to the environment:





the Environmental Protection and Management Act (formerly the
Environmental Pollution Control Act). The EPCA is a consolidation of existing
legislation on the control of air, water and noise pollution, the safe management
of toxic and hazardous substances and wastes. It provides a legislative framework
for the protection and management of the environment and resource conservation.
the Environmental Public Health Act
the National Parks Act
the Wild Animals and Birds Act
the Endangered Species (import and export) Act
Concerning the Energy Industry, the Energy Market Authority regulates the energy
utilities market within a regulatory framework based on the following legislative Acts:




the Energy Market Authority of Singapore Act
the Electricity Act
the Gas Act
the District Cooling Act (regulates the production of chilled water for distribution
to buildings for air-conditioning purposes)
Learn more about Legislation and Environmental laws: http://statutes.agc.gov.sg
3. International and Regional Cooperation
Today, environmental challenges such as air pollution, climate change, management of
hazardous chemicals and wastes, ozone depletion and marine pollution are transboundary in nature and are global in scope and impact. To identify underlying causes and
10
develop workable solutions in order to achieve environmental sustainability, close
international environmental cooperation is a necessity.
The International Relations Department of the NEA formulates and reviews policies and
strategies to enhance Singapore's interests and standing in the bilateral, regional and
international environmental arena.
Singapore is contributing to those global efforts by co-operating with partners at the
international and regional levels:
a) International Cooperation
Singapore seeks to be a proactive and constructive world partner at the international
level.
Concerning international cooperation, Singapore aims, through the Singapore Green Plan
2012 (SGP2012), to:
- enhance international relations to tackle environmental challenges
- enhance capacity-building partnerships with others developing countries
- remain committed to international environmental efforts and obligations under
international environmental treaties
- promote Singapore as an attractive venue for international environmental events
The country has ratified and acceded to several multilateral environmental agreements:
Date of
ratification /
accession
Environmental agreements that Singapore has ratified / acceded to
10 Jan 2007
Beijing Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete
the Ozone LayerBottom of Form (1999)
12 Apr 2006
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
24 May 2005
Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for
Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade
24 May 2005
13 Jan 2003
22 Sep 2000
22 Sep 2000
29 May 1997
24 May 2005
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
Montreal Amendment to Montreal Protocol (1997)
Copenhagen Amendment to Montreal Protocol (1992)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
2 Jan 1996
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
2 Mar 1993
5 Jan 1989
5 Jan 1989
London Amendment to Montreal Protocol (1990)
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
Source: Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources – Key Environmental Statistics
11
The Government of Singapore also conduce a series of programmes, called the Singapore
Cooperation Programme (SCP) which try to achieve the sharing with other developing
countries of technical and systems skills that Singapore has acquired over the years. In
the environmental field, it partly helps to train foreign officials on the various aspects of
water, waste management as well as public health.
b) Regional Cooperation
The significance of improved environmental protection is gaining recognition across the
region. There is an increasing prominence of ecological considerations in the decisionmaking processes and governments are pursuing tighter legislation.
Many of Asia’s environmental challenges are of such scale that their solutions require
regional cooperation (climate change, management of hazardous chemicals and waste,
ozone depletion, marine and air pollution…). Singapore is member of several regional
organisations and participates to different regional programmes which aim to develop
workable solutions to address these challenges:
-
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) cooperation in
environmental management
In 1977, the ASEAN Sub-Regional Environment Programme sets the framework for
regional co-operation on environmental issues. Since, Singapore has partnered with
others ASEAN countries to promote environmental sustainability.
The ASEAN members, in their common pursuit of sustainable development, work
collectively towards the improvement of environmental quality, harmonisation of
standards, and jointly promote the application, transfer and development of appropriate
environmental technologies.
-
The Asian Development Bank (ADB)
As required by its environment policy, approved in November 2002, ADB promotes
environmentally sustainable growth in Asia by assisting its developing member countries
in addressing their environmental challenges. It has supported nearly 130 of
“Environmental Sustainability” projects since 1995, investing $9.5 billion. Almost half of
this amount went to increased urban environmental quality efforts, while the balance
helped fund improvements in agricultural and natural resources management, and the
expanded use of cleaner and energy-efficient technologies.
ADB’s engagement in these areas is expected to expand further, bolstered by programs
under way, such as the Water Financing Program, Urban Services Initiative, and the
Climate Change Program, including the Energy Efficiency Initiative, Carbon Market
Initiative, Sustainable Transport Initiative, and various natural resource management
programs.
Singapore is ADB's 29th largest shareholder. It has contributed $190.05 million in capital
subscription and $10.44 million to special funds since joining in 1966. Singaporean
companies and consultants have been awarded $2.20 billion in procurement contracts on
ADB-financed projects since 1967.
12
-
The Regional Institute of Environmental Technologies (RIET)
The mission of RIET is to promote technical, commercial and industrial cooperation with
the region and to raise the profile of the European Union (EU) and Singapore in the field
of environmental technology and environmental management practice. The Institute also
aims to promote the mutually beneficial exchange of environmental technology knowhow and skills between the EU, Singapore and the Region by disseminate and exchange
information on environmental technology, policies, markets and trends. RIET offers
various programmes and initiatives across Asia to help stimulate continued interest on
environmental issues in Asia.
-
The Malaysia-Singapore Joint Committee on the Environment
Singapore and Malaysia enjoy a close and long-standing working relationship on
environmental matters. The MSJCE was formed in 1991 for both Environment Ministries
and their agencies to meet regularly to discuss common environmental challenges and to
foster close rapport between senior environmental officials of the two countries.
4. Government’s strategies, policies and plans
At first, Singaporeans have relied almost entirely on the government to provide
environmental services and develop new environmental technologies. This began to
change in the mid-90s with the growth of a dynamic environmental industry.
The environmental policies promoted by the government emphasize on three main
strategies: pollution control, law enforcement and environmental monitoring. The
government aims to enforce its policies by strengthening environmental management and
raising awareness of environmental issues among all sectors of society. It has launched a
number of programmes and incentive schemes to accelerate R&D efforts and promote the
development of the industry in the environment and water sector. Thanks to
government’s actions, there has been a rise in green consciousness among the public and
the rapid emergence of green groups in Singapore. One of its priorities is also to develop
Singapore as an Environmental Technology hub that can add value to the economy
through the generation of new businesses, products, services, capabilities and jobs.
In order to reach Singapore’s goal of environmental sustainability, the government has
encouraged companies to undertake innovative environmental projects. It has also
adopted the following approach in working with the industry to ensure that companies
stay relevant while continuing to grow:




positioning Singapore as an environmental hub
develop new technologies and capabilities to address environmental needs
working in partnership with companies in providing environmental services
improving the professionalism of the environmental services sector
With higher levels of pollution from industrialization, Singapore government has taken
steps to restrict and regulate impact of business on the environment. Recognizing the
potential adverse impact of these trends, the Singapore Environmental Council was set up
to attempt to raise awareness of environmental protection in businesses and homes.
13
Singapore is particularly keen on developing strategic plans aimed at growing the
environmental industry:
The most important last action plan is the Singapore Green Plan 2012 (SGP2012),
launched in 2002. It focuses on six main areas: Air and Climate Change, Water, Waste,
Nature, Public Health and International Environmental Relations.
The Clean Energy Programme Office (CEPO) was launched in 2007 to spearhead the
clean energy industry. It is an interagency initiative responsible for planning and
executing strategies to develop Singapore into a Global Clean Energy Hub.
To ensure the implementation of its plans, Singapore provides several financial
incentives to companies or institutes investing in research and innovation:
 The Innovation for Environmental Sustainability Fund (IES)
In 2001, NEA set up a €10 million Innovation for Environmental Sustainability Fund
(IES Fund). The objective of the IES Fund, is to provide sponsorship for initiatives that
speed up environmentally sustainable applications and innovative proposals, in the areas
of waste management and recycling, amongst others.
 The TechPioneer scheme
This scheme aims to commercialise locally developed technologies by encouraging
public and private sectors’ early adoption of new and innovative technologies in their
processes, and promote environmental sustainability at the same time. It is administrated
by the EWI. TechPioneer provides funding for a technology user to introduce new
environment and water technologies in their existing operational processes.
 The Fast-Track Environmental and Water Technologies Incubator Scheme
The Fast-Tech scheme aims to accelerate the formation and growth of environmental and
water start-ups by providing a financial incentive as well as mentoring by established
firms (specialized “incubators”). The EWI has set aside €5 million for the Fast-Tech
scheme for the next 5 years (until 2011).
 The 3P Partnership Fund
This Fund aims to encourage and assist organisations, companies and individuals from
the People, Private and Public (3P) sectors to work together to develop innovative and
sustainable environmental initiatives.
In addition, the government, which plans to use R&D as an economy driver, strongly
tries to promote R&D activities in Singapore:
Singapore has earmarked the Environmental & Water Technologies sector as one of the
areas for strategic R&D. The environmental industry is constantly looking for new and
innovative ways to solve environmental problems and the Singapore government tries to
facilitate the process by providing support for R&D and test-bedding opportunities.
14
 The Environment and Water Research Programme (EWRP)
This programme was launched by the EWI in order to encourage companies and research
institutes to research and develop cutting-edge environment and water technologies. This
€50 million project funding should ensure the acceleration of R&D growth in Singapore.
It will identify areas of research and technological development needed to position
Singapore as a global leader in environmental and water technologies and it will provide
funding to both the industry and academic/research communities for basic and applied
research projects.
 The Environmental Test-bedding Initiative (ETI)
This programme was jointly launched by EDB and MEWR in 2003 in order to promote
R&D. It consists of:
- The Singapore Initiative in New Energy Technology (SINERGY) – a platform for
companies and government entities to collaborate in developing alternative energy
technologies.
- Innovation in Environmental Technology (EnnovaTe) – which deals with other areas
like water treatment, waste management and air pollution control.
Even foreign companies with registered offices in Singapore can take advantage of these
opportunities to introduce innovative environmental technologies in Singapore and the
region.
 The Clean Energy Research and Test bedding (CERT) programme
In 2007, CEPO launched the €8 million CERT programme. It provides funding for both
local and foreign companies which have innovative and novel ideas to test various types
of clean technology solutions.
 The Clean Energy Research Programme (CERP)
The CERP is a €25 million programme set up to support R&D efforts for the clean
energy industry. It seeks both basic and applied research projects which pursue
innovative and novel ideas in the Clean Energy space
 The Ministry of National Development Research Fund for the Built Environment
The Ministry of National Development (MND) has decided to set aside €25 million for
this Fund in order to intensify applied R&D efforts in green building technologies and
energy efficiency.
Publicly funded centres include the Institute of Environmental Science & Engineering
(IESE) and the Centre for Advanced Water Technology (CAWT)
The IESE was created as a centre of research excellence in Environmental Technology,
under the Nanyang Technological University (NTU). It coordinates Environmental
Technology R&D in Singapore, meeting the industry’s needs for sustainable growth.
It is currently collaborating with local and foreign environmental companies to develop
technologies in their six technology platforms: environmental and water resources
engineering, clean energy, marine & resource recovery, water & membrane technology,
environmental biotechnology, eco-materials research.
15
Besides funding, Labeling Schemes and Awards are another way through which
Singapore encourages the development of its environmental sector and achieve its
environmental targets:
 The Singapore Green Labelling Scheme
In order to promote Green consumerism, the government attributes the Green Logo to the
products complying with the GreenLabel standards. These products distinguish
themselves as environmental friendly. The Scheme excludes food, drinks,
pharmaceuticals, processes and services.
 The President’s Award for the Environment
This award honours individuals, organisations and companies who have made significant
contributions towards Singapore’s environmental sustainability. It aims to raise public
awareness on environment and water-related contributions. This award demonstrates the
Government’s support for the efforts by the 3P (People, Public and Private) sectors in
achieving a sustainable environment.
 The Singapore Environment Achievement Award
This award was launched to inspire and motive companies to embark on responsible and
progressive environmental management and performance.
 The EcoFriend Award
The National Environment Agency has initiated the EcoFriend Award to recognize
efforts of proactive individuals in taking ownership over the environment (including
private sector individuals).
In the purpose of becoming a global hub for the Environment and Water Industry in the
region, as well as remaining committed to international environmental efforts and to
strengthen industry partnership, Singapore seeks to be an attractive venue for
international environmental events:
 EnviroAsia (1-4 December 2009)
This event was created in 2007 to better serve the regional environmental marketplace. It
presents the best business and networking opportunities for the regional environmental
and water industries.
Learn more about EnviroAsia 2009 on www.enviroasia.com.sg/
 Singapore International Water Week (SIWW)
This event will take place for the first time on 23 to 27 June 2008, and subsequently be
held annually in Singapore. It will bring policymakers, industry leaders, experts and
practitioners together to address challenges, showcase technologies, discover
opportunities and celebrate achievements in the water field.
Learn more about SIWW on www.siww.com.sg/
 City Waste Asia 2008 (18-20 June 2008)
CityWaste Asia 2008 will bring together city administrators and industrial waste
generators operating within the city to find out how they can cost-effectively manage
16
their increasing waste problems to enhance city competitiveness and ensure the
sustainability of rapid city developments in Asia. It will give the opportunity to create
new partnerships, and showcase innovative technology products in relation with
citywaste management.
Learn more about it on www.terrapinn.com/2008/citywaste
 HVAC Asia 2008 (2-4 July 2008),
HVAC Asia 2008 is South East Asia’s leading international exhibition on heating,
ventilation, air-conditioning, refrigeration, air filtration and purification systems. In its
7th edition it covers all aspects of the HVAC market today and offers opportunities to
showcase latest products, services and technologies.
Learn more about it on www.hvacrseries.com/asia/
 Building Technology Asia 2008 (2-4 July 2008)
Building Technology Asia 2008 is a new platform for intelligent buildings and ecofriendly building technology in South East Asia. It brings together the latest in green
buildings, intelligent building and integrated systems. This event presents an opportunity
to reach out to architects, building specialists and buyers in the South East Asia region.
Learn more about it on www.hvacrseries.com/asia/events_bta.php
 Ethanol and Biofuels Asia 2008 (7-10 October 2008)
This event will present viable business ventures, technology innovations, economic
applications, financing needs and the latest trends and prospects for biofuels industry.
Learn more about it on www.terrapinn.com/2008/ethanol/
 Clean Energy and Solar Energy Asia 2008 (7-10 October 2008)
This event will present latest strategic, regulatory, technical and economic issues and
viable business ventures in clean energy industry.
Learn more about it on www.terrapinn.com/2008/clean/
 Carbon Markets Asia (24-25 June 2008)
This event delivers a platform for new project hosts to learn about the latest market
developments and do business with Carbon Credits (CER) buyers. This year, the event
will take place on the.
Learn more about Carbon Markets Asia on www.greenpowerconferences.com
 Carbon Finance Asia 2008
Carbon Finance Asia 2008 is a platform where international CERs buyers and investors
meet carbon project owners and developers in Asia to discuss potential deals and
partnership opportunities.
Learn more about it on www.terrapinn.com/2008/carbon/
 ISWA/WMRAS World Congress 2008 (3-6 November 2008)
The ISWA/WMRAS World Congress 2008 is a meeting place for waste management
professionals. This will give the opportunity to share the latest technologies, challenges,
trends and opportunities in the waste management sector.
17
Learn more about it on www.iswa2008.org/iswa/website/
 Asia Oil & Gas Investment Congress 2008
Asia Oil &, Gas Investment Congress 2008 brings together international and regional
NOCs, IOCs and small-cap oil &, gas companies to explore the abundant opportunities
for exploration and investment in Asia. This is the only event where Asian regulators
address policy changes, where juniors meet Asian investors and where super majors
identify upstream investment opportunities in Asia.
Learn more about it on www.terrapinn.com/2008/asiaoilgas/
5. Overview of the environmental sector in Singapore by field
a) Water
In Singapore, water supply is constantly threatened by an ever-growing population
density and intensive economic and industrial activity, often concentrated in small areas.
The Public Utilities Board is responsible for developing Singapore’s water resources and
facilitating Singapore’s development as a hub for water technologies. Indeed, Singapore
aims to become a global hydrohub for water technologies and solutions, accounting for 35% of the global water industry by 2015. The water industry is expected to triple its
value-added to the Singapore economy to €1 billion and double the number of jobs in the
industry to 11.000 by 2015.
Singapore currently consumes 1.4 million m³ of water a day. The challenge the country
faces is to ensure a sustainable supply of clean water through the “Four National Taps”:
 Water from local catchments
 Imported water from Malaysia (especially from Johor)
 NEWater (recycled wastewater)
 Desalinated water
As the two water agreements between Singapore and Malaysia (assuring about 40% of
Singapore’s water supply) are due to expire by 2011 and 2061 respectively, the
government of Singapore currently aims to avoid reliance on foreign supply by increasing
self-sufficiency in its water supply. The strategy is to diversify the water sources,
optimize the water supply and focus on new technologies to develop alternatives water
sources. It is hoped that the various on-going efforts will make Singapore 80% selfsufficient in water supply by 2011.
Local catchments
Without natural freshwater rivers and lakes, the primary domestic source of water supply
in Singapore is rainfall, collected in reservoirs or catchment areas, representing half of
Singapore's total water supply.
Presently, more catchment areas are being built, with the completion of two new
reservoir schemes:

The Marina Barrage is being constructed around the estuary of three Singapore
rivers, creating by 2009 a huge freshwater reservoir. The contract for the
construction of the Barrage has been awarded to Koh Brothers Building and Civil
18

Engineering Contractor Pte Ltd at €113 million. This new reservoir will store
10% of Singapore’s water demand thanks to the 240 ha basin. The water will be
treated by membrane technology.
Punggol-Serangoon Reservoir Scheme will create two more reservoirs by 2009.
Waste Water Management
The Waste Water Management in Singapore is ensured thanks to an elaborated sewerage
infrastructure. Singapore is divided into six sewerage catchments, each served by a Water
Reclamation Plant. Used water is collected through a network of underground sewers that
leads to the water reclamation plants (WRP) or sewage treatment plants.
In order to further meet the long-term used water needs for a lower cost, the PUB is
currently working on an important project, the Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS),
consisting of:
 two large tunnels crisscrossing the island (North and South Tunnels)
 two centralized wastewater treatment plants at Changi and Tuas areas
 deep-sea outfalls and a link-sewer network.
The entire project has been developed in two phases over 20 years.
The idea of NEWater resides in the collection and treatment of used water, using
advanced membrane technology. The used water goes through the processes of microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultra-violet disinfection.
Four factories at Bedok, Kranji, Seletar, Ulu Pandan are mainly supplying industries
requiring large quantities of high-graded water. One more factory is currently under
construction at Changi. The capacity from the five NEWater’s plants will be increased
from 15% to 30% by 2011.
Desalination
The SingSpring Desalination Plant in Tuas is the largest reverse osmosis plant in Asia. It
is the result of a public-private partnership (PPP) project between PUB and SingSpring
Pte Ltd (a subsidiary of Hyflux Ltd). It has sufficient capacity to meet 10% of the national
demand, with the lowest desalinated seawater price in the world. Working in close
collaboration with Hyflux, Black & Veatch designed the plant, selecting membrane
technology as the most cost-effective approach.
→ Governmental actions - Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
Singapore aims to take the lead in the water industry as a R&D base and as a provider of
water solutions.
Singapore as a Water Hub
Another initiative taken in the water domain is WaterHub. Launched in 2004, it aims to
facilitate Singapore’s development as a hub for water-related services and technologies.
WaterHub tries to provide an active platform for the water industry by bringing together
advanced technology, learning, R&D work and networking. It has adopted a proactive
partnership approach, collaborating with the 3P (people, private and public) sectors on a
range of programmes.
19
In order to further increase Singapore’s water production, conservation and treatment
capabilities, some initiatives have been taken by the government:
Singapore Green Plan 2012 (SGP2012)
The main targets and key thrusts concerning the water field are the following:
 Increase catchment areas (from 50 % to 67% of Singapore’s land surface )
 Diversify the sources of water supply: water reclamation and desalination
 Reduce domestic water consumption (to155litres/day)
 Ensure water quality through monitoring
 Partner the 3P sectors to generate greater awareness of the importance of
conserving, valuing and enjoying water
Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize
This new Award will reward individuals or organisations that offer innovative solutions
to help solve the world’s water problems, recognizing cutting-edge technologies in the
field.
Watermark Award
Introduced in 2007, this Award recognizes people significant contributions towards
Singapore’s water sustainability.
Water Efficiency Labeling Scheme
This scheme is jointly administered by the Singapore Environment Council and PUB
under the Singapore Green Labeling Scheme.
All suppliers (importers, parallel importers, retailers, manufacturers or new distributors)
of the product categories may apply to have their models certified. To date, more than
500 products have been labeled, from taps to shower heads to washing machines. The
labelling scheme will be made mandatory from July 2009. PUB is currently working with
Housing Development Board (HDB) to adopt the use of water efficient products in HDB
developments.
Water Efficiency Fund
The WEF was set up by the PUB to encourage companies to look into efficient ways to
manage their water demand and develop alternative water sources.
Water Efficient Buildings Programme
This programme is a water conservation initiative which offers cost-effective solutions
and guidelines for non-domestic customers to lower their water consumption. It covers
various kinds of buildings, among them commercial and industrial buildings and
factories.
Active, Beautiful and Clean (ABC) Waters Programme
ABC Waters Programme strives to integrate Singapore’s important waterways into the
landscape.
20
→ Research & Development
Besides focusing on industry development and internationalisation, the PUB is also
facilitating research and technology development by supporting water-related R&D work,
in partnership with the Environment and Water Industry Development Council (EWI).
The launch of the EWI follows the announcement by the Research, Innovation and
Enterprise Council in July 2006 to provide €165 million over the next five years to boost
the development of the local environment and water industry by providing additional
funding for R&D. The National Research Foundation has also committed some €158
million over five years to promote R&D in this sector. The Singaporean government has
also encouraged the private sector by providing assistance and incentives for R&D.
Water engineers are working towards more energy efficient, decentralised treatment
systems based on membrane technology to respond to constraints in developing countries
and rising energy costs. On the one hand, simple, decentralised systems could help
address water shortage issues faster. Membrane technology is also the only way to clear
water of certain synthetic hormones. On the other hand, there is a move towards
biological rather than chemical processes to clean water, as they rely on natural processes
and need less energy. Closed loop systems also require less energy.
Cutting-edge water-treatment technologies, some using atom-size material, are expected
not to hurt the environment. These include more efficient membrane filters, reactors
which harness energy-producing bacteria from waste water, and nanotechnology systems.
In order to coordinate these efforts, the Nanyang Environment & Water Research
Institute (NEWRI) has been launched by the Nanyang Technological University
(NTU). It aims at coordinating research efforts and providing opportunities for local
researchers to work alongside top international experts to conduct cutting-edge research
in the field. There are two centres under the NEWRI banner:
 the Singapore Membrane Technology Centre (SMTC) focuses its research on
the use of membranes in water treatment.
 the DHI-NTU Water & Environment Research Centre & Education Hub
(DHI-NTU Centre) has four main areas of research: Industrial Water
Management, Urban Planning and Water Management, Solid Waste Management
and Environmental Impact Assessment.
The National University of Singapore (NUS) also developed its own research centre,
the NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI). The NERI pursues excellence in
state of the art research focused on air, land, water and energy systems.
In 2006-2007, R&D projects dealt with membrane distillation, variable salinity plant and
ultrasonic sludge disintegration in order to increase water resources, manage water
quality and lower production costs.
PUB’s R&D work is centred about the water loop and focuses on the following six
technology areas:


Intelligent Watershed Management
Membrane Technology
21




Network Management
Used Water Treatment
Water Quality
Water Treatment
→ Companies in the field
The private sector has taken the cue from the government to develop solutions in the
water field. There are currently more than fifty local and international water companies
based in Singapore and about 10 with indigenous capabilities and know-how that enable
them to take on the largest water projects all over Asia. Indeed, most of Singapore-based
companies use Singapore as their regional design and project management office to serve
the Asia-Pacific market. Companies are also locating or expanding their water R&D
centres in Singapore. These include multi-nationals as well as homegrown players.
Already, homegrown firms such as Hyflux, Keppel and SembCorp are building water
treatment plants in many overseas markets like China and Middle East, while leading
international players such as General Electric, Siemens and Black & Veatch have
established global water R&D or competence centres in Singapore.
Hyflux
The company is active in the water treatment industry, the industrial sale of membranes
to various sectors and the used-oil recycling business. Hyflux has built the SingSpring
sea-water desalination plant in Singapore and other such plants in Algeria, China, and
India.
Koh Brothers Building & Civil Engineering Contractor Pte Ltd is the winner of the
contract for the building of the Changi Water Reclamation Plant.
Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies (VWS)
VWS is a water and wastewater treatment specialist. It provides a range of ultra pure
water, waste water and waste recycling systems products. The PUB and Veolia Water
recently signed a new contract for the extension of the NEWater production plant in
Kranji in order to increase the production capacity of the plant.
Dayen environmental Ltd
The company provides integrated systems for waste and water treatment. Dayen uses
advance technology such as membrane in Membrane bioreactors (MBR), Desalination
and Ultra-pure water.
Siemens Water Technologies (SWT)
The German subsidiary signed a Memorandum of understanding with PUB to collaborate
on three research projects in the areas of water and used water treatment. SWT also
announced end of last year the setting up of a €25 millions global water R&D and
engineering centre in Singapore over the next five years.
Siemens Water is also the supplier for major mechanical and electrical systems and
equipment at the Changi Water Reclamation Plant and is involved in the development of
Kranji NEWater unit.
22
Singapore Utilities International Pte Ltd (SUI)
One way that PUB supports knowledge transfer to the private sector is through Singapore
Utilities International Pte Ltd. SUI offers innovative and cost-effective solutions for
water supply, used water treatment and water recycling. It also deploys the expertise of
its Centre for Advanced Water Technology to develop and test new technologies to
support clients' operations.
MWH is a global provider of consulting, engineering, construction and management
services in water, natural resources, and infrastructure sectors. Its Asia-Pacific business
hub is based in Singapore. The hub will attract specialists in waste water technology,
environmental services and process engineering. The firm is also expert in membrane
technology and computational flow dynamics.
Graham Tek
The Singapore-based water R&D company Graham Tek is actively involved in the
development, commercialisation, manufacturing and distribution of its technology in
Desalination and Filtration with advanced products for the treatment of water.
Recently, it has announced a 16-inch membrane technology to convert waste water or sea
water into drinking water, which is expected to reduce the city state's annual water
treatment costs by up to 15%.
Keppel Integrated Engineering (KIE)
KIE is the environmental technology and engineering division of Keppel Corporation
Ltd, a leading company in Singapore. Keppel Seghers, a subsidiary of KIE, completed in
2007 under a Public Private Partnership (PPP) with the PUB, the construction of the Ulu
Pandan NEWater plant. It provides a range of environmental solutions, from consultancy,
design and engineering, technology and construction to operations and maintenance of
facilities.
Black and Veatch
Black & Veatch is a global engineering, consulting and construction company. It has
launched a Global Advanced Water Design Centre in February 2007 to provide
engineering design services to support its water projects globally. The Centre will
incorporate a global Centre of Excellence for Desalination which will concentrate on
optimising the performance of plants. It will also contribute to develop and attract a pool
of quality talent and manpower.
GE Water & Process Technologies
This General Electric Company unit will invest €65 million over the next decade to
establish a world-scale Global Water R&D Centre at NUS in Singapore. Research
conducted will aim to alleviate pressing water issues, including water treatment and
systems integration, fundamental chemical and membrane applications, and ion-exchange
technology.
23
CH2M HILL
This company is an engineering, construction and operation management business.
Amongst others, it collaborated with the PUB to develop Bedok, Kranji and Seletar
NEWater plants and Visitor Centre.
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies
Singapore aims to attract more international companies in the environment and water
industry to set up manufacturing facilities and conduct R&D activities. With Singapore’s
program to improve the sustainability of clean water supply, foreign water technologies
companies should find opportunities in this sector, especially by supplying new methods
and technologies to develop alternative water sources. In Belgium, there are a lot of small
companies specialised in various techniques for the analysis and treatment of water,
offering solutions that are both innovative and effective.
However, Singapore is known internationally for its strong capabilities in water
management. There are a number of technologies and solutions that have been developed
and they are now being exported (for example: cutting-edge membrane technology).
Belgian companies have to be sure that they are particularly adapted to the resources and
expectations of the local authorities and industries.
Belgian companies should better look forward to establishing partnerships with
Singaporean companies in the areas of product sales, service enhancements and R&D
activities.
In the water sector, the possible joint projects between Singapore and Belgian companies
could include:




Membrane technology and drinking water production process (Singapore is the
world's largest user of membranes per capita)
Membrane Bio-Reactors for decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse
Sewage sludge treatment and recovery
Assessment of the quality of collected rainwater (cooperation in R&D with the
NTU, NUS and CAWT)
Otherwise, Belgian companies could collaborate with Singapore companies in tackling
projects at the regional and international level. They can use Singapore as a base to
market and provide their environmental engineering services to the region.
b) Air
Outdoor
The Pollution Control Department of the Ministry of the Environment is responsible for
the prevention and control of air pollution in Singapore.
The average level of key air pollutants is low in Singapore and the town has consistently
maintained a high ambient air quality. However, air emissions tend to rise with increasing
development and standard of living. The main source of air pollution is fossil-fuel
combustion from power generation, manufacturing (industrial processes) and
transportation. Singapore has also to deal with the transboundary haze pollution coming
24
from forest fires in neighboring countries. To combat the cross-boundary problem,
environment ministers of the affected countries regularly draw up cooperation plans
focusing on education, fire prevention and legislation monitoring.
The airline industry also looks for new means of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, such
as fuel efficient planes or alternative fuels. Singapore Airlines is actively involved in the
process for progress.
Indoor
Singapore’s tropical climate, highly built environment, and energy conservation
requirements pose several constraints and challenges to the building industry in ensuring
that Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) remains acceptable.
Indoor Air pollution is one of the causes of an illness commonly known as the “sick
building syndrome”. Poorly designed or maintained air-conditioning and ventilation
system as well as presence of indoor sources of pollution are the commonest causes of air
quality problems. The government regulates IAQ in Singapore and the relationship
between HVAC Systems (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) and IAQ.
Phoenix Controls System
The Phoenix Controls system is a critical airflow control system which is designed to
respond quickly to changes in air pressure. The venture valves can be installed in the
ceilings of buildings to control the air pressure in a room or area.
A critical airflow system is a requirement for clean rooms where the pressure must be
consistently maintained at a higher level than its adjacent surroundings to prevent any
particles from polluting the clean room.
Optima system
The Optima System is designed to measure temperature, humidity and quality of air and
to send the results to a data collection centre. An automated reporting program is then
used to generate comprehensive reports on the results of analysis. The System can be
used to evaluate air quality in a circulated air or air-conditioned environment and to
provide information on the performance of the HVAC system in commercial buildings. It
is also useful to identify the “sick building” syndrome, evaluate IAQ and optimize the
energy consumption of a building.
→ Governmental Actions – Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
The government aims to keep a high ambient air quality in Singapore through setting
stringent emission standards, promoting energy efficiency and using energy sources such
as natural gas that emit less pollutants. In terms of the improvement of air quality, great
hopes are naturally placed in renewable energy.
The NEA has published the Code of Practice on Pollution Control which contains
information on air pollution control requirements and emission standards. The air
emission standards are also specified in the Environmental Protection and Management
Act. The MEWR incorporate pollution control considerations in land-use planning and
siting of factories as well as regulate emissions from factories. The Pollution Control
25
Department is also responsible for controlling vehicle emissions in Singapore mainly
through the setting and updating of emission standards for new vehicles, as well as the
testing and monitoring of emissions from existing vehicles.
In the same way, the government has promoted clean vehicle technologies (such as the
use of natural gas vehicle) through incentives such as the Green Vehicle Rebate scheme.
In a result of those stringent regulations, the Singapore’s standards in terms of maximal
pollutant emissions for industries are stricter than the international ones.
Besides, Singapore cooperates with international efforts in addressing global concerns
relating to the depletion of the ozone layer. Industries and power generation plants are
required to install, operate and maintain air pollution control equipment efficiently to
ensure compliance with the prescribed air emission standards.
Concerning indoor air, the NEA has published the "Guidelines for Good Indoor Air
Quality in Office Premises" to provide general guidance on improving the indoor air
quality of air-conditioned office premises and acceptable values for selected parameters
(maximum threshold limits for potential indoor air contaminants).
Singapore Green Plan 2012 (SGP2012)
The main targets and key thrusts concerning ambient air quality are the following:



Manage emission from stationary and mobile sources (review regulatory
measures and encourage co-regulation of emissions)
Maintain the Pollutant Standards Index within the ‘good’ range for 85% of the
year and within the ‘moderate’ range for remaining 15%
Monitor air quality
Green Vehicle Rebate scheme
The use of cleaner fuel (Fuel Quality) has a major impact in improving air quality. NEA
has over the years gradually required the use of cleaner fuel. This scheme aims to bring
about a change in consumer behavior to become more environmentally friendly and to
support clean emerging technologies, by narrowing the cost differential between a green
vehicle and the conventional equivalent model.
The National Environment Agency (NEA), together with the Land Transport Authority
(LTA), has also implemented a multi-pronged programme to control smoke emission
from motor vehicles.
→ Companies in the field
Air Products Singapore Private Ltd supplies a large range of high purity gases and
related equipment and services to the semiconductor industry.
Linair Technologies Ltd is engaged in the business of distributing environmental-control
exhaust systems and its component parts and is specialized in the manufacturing of
stainless steel ducts (non-coated and FM-approved ETFE-coated ducts). These ducts are
26
integrated together with other components into a complete exhaust system. Linair is the
distributor of the Phoenix Controls system and the Aircuity Optima System.
Laser B Air Conditioning Pte Ltd
Laser B Air-Conditioning Pte Ltd has been appointed as one of the Authorized Dealer by
many Branded Air-Conditioner vendor such as Carrier, Daikin, Fuji-Electric, General,
Hitachi, McQuay, Mitsubishi, National, Sanyo, Toshiba & many others in Singapore.
Laser B Air-Conditioning Pte Ltd has also ventured from HDB & Private residential AirConditioning installation.
Singapore District Cooling Pte Ltd
District Cooling is an urban utility service of the Energy Market Authority, involving the
centralised production of chilled water for distribution to buildings for air-conditioning
purposes. The Government has decided to implement a district cooling system in Marina
South and has granted a licence to Singapore District Cooling Pte Ltd to provide district
cooling services.
Aircon Materials Asia te Ltd
Aircon Materials Asia is one of Singapore's major suppliers of air-conditioning spare
parts, installation materials and accessories.
Aggreco Singapore Pte Ltd
This company provides rental power generators, portable heating and cooling equipment,
and compressed air systems to industrial, commercial, and event-related companies.
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies
World demand for HVAC equipment is projected to rise over 5% annually through 2010.
Demand in the Asia Pacific region will continue to benefit from urban population growth
and healthy gains in the number of households. Moreover, there is a surge in demand for
retail and office developments, commercial and recreational spaces. According to
research done by World HVAC Equipment, rising living standards in this region indicate
the strongest demand for HVAC equipment with annual demands increasing from 5.9%
to 6.7% in 2010. This equates to an anticipated demand of more than €18,000 billion
worth of HVAC equipment.
Particularly, Energy Recovery Ventilation systems are becoming increasingly important
in light of the current drive to conserve energy. It is probably the fastest growing segment
within the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning market, especially in ASEAN, with
warmer and high humidity climatic conditions.
The HVAC industry should generate great opportunities for Belgian companies to export
air-conditioning, ventilation, air-filtration, refrigeration and purification products,
systems and technologies to ASEAN countries, using Singapore as a base to market.
27
c) Waste management
Singapore faces the challenging task of dealing with an increasing amount of waste
generated by its population (total waste generated grew by 4% in 2006).
Solid waste management
Collection of municipal waste has been undertaken by the private sector since 1996.
There are currently four public waste collectors who help to ensure that the huge amount
of municipal refuse generated daily is collected and disposed of efficiently. Those
companies are providing the refuse collection services for the designated domestic and
trade premises in the island's nine geographical sectors:




Sulo Altvater Jakob Pte Ltd (Pasir Ris-Tampines & Bedok Sectors, Tanglin-Bukit
Merah Sector)
Colex Holdings Ltd (Jurong Sector)
SembWaste Pte Ltd (Clementi, City, Hougang-Punggol & Woodlands-Yishun
Sectors)
800 Super Waste Management Pte Ltd (Ang Mo Kio-Toa Payoh Sector)
The NEA also licenses and monitors the collection of refuse by licensed general waste
collectors, which mainly serve commercial and industrial premises. The NEA has edited
a code of pratice for this licensed general waste collectors:
→ http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/category_sub.asp?cid=101
Singaporeans dispose of 2.57 million tonnes of waste a year. 92% of the refuse are
incinerated while the remaining refuse are disposed of at Semakau offshore sanitary
Landfill. The heat generated from the incineration process is used to generate electricity,
providing approximately 2-3% of Singapore’s total electricity supply (980 million kWh
per year). There are currently four incineration plants in Singapore with a total capacity
of 8.200 tonnes:




Ulu Pandan
Tuas
Senoko
Tuas South
Keppel Seghers Engineering Pte Ltd (the environmental division of Keppel Integrated
Engineering), has commenced the construction of Singapore’s newest waste-to-energy
plant. This is Singapore’s first incineration plant to be built under the Public-Private
Partnership (PPP) initiative. The plant, which is expected to be completed in 2009, will
replace the one at Ulu Pandan, and will be able to treat 800 tonnes a day (generating more
than 20MW of green energy).
The non-incinerable refuse and ash from incineration plants are sent via Tuas Marine
Transfer Station to the only landfill site of Singapore on Pulau Semakau (offshore
landfill). This site has a landfill capacity of 63 million m³, which is expected to meet
Singapore’s need for landfill space beyond the year 2045.
28
Industrial waste
Given that waste to one company could be a resource to another, the NEA helps to link
industries for the exchange of reusable wastes.
Indeed, a large amount of industrial wastes such as spent solvents, spent etchants and
photographic waste are either recycled/reused or have valuable components extracted and
recovered before disposal.
The Eco Recycling Park, launched in March 2002, is an 18-hectare site on Tuas West
which is home to environmental technologies companies engaging in non-hazardous
waste management, such as the recycling of wood, plastic, glass and paper. The
Sarimbun Recycling Park also gathers firms of the sector.
Hazardous substances and toxic waste
More than 2000 companies handle or use hazardous chemicals in Singapore and generate
a wide variety of hazardous wastes.
Singapore ratified in 2005 the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
The government encourages the reuse, recycle and recovery of chemical wastes and the
setting up of specialized waste recycling, treatment and disposal plants to help the
companies generating smaller quantities of special waste. There are currently about 100
such plants in Singapore. Toxic waste such as biohazardous wastes from hospitals and
polyclinics and wastes generated by the refinery and chemical industry are segregated at
source and collected by licensed toxic waste collectors for disposal in high temperature
incineration plants. Thermal technology is one of the best methods for safely destroying
the toxic materials completely. This technology is very costly. However, there are ways
to make it more cost-efficient such as recovering the heat as a form of energy for
electricity generation or collecting the steam as a source of water.
The transport and movement of hazardous waste is strongly regulated in accordance with
the principles of the Basel Convention. NEA is responsible for controlling the movement,
storage, use and disposal of hazardous substances and toxic industrial wastes.
Organic and food wastes
Organic and food wastes are treated in Tuas South plant to be converted in biogas
electricity and compost material (through an aerobic composting system). The bioconversion of food waste to produce fertilizers aims to increase the recycling of food
waste. Food waste can also be converted in animal feed.
Used-oil
Used-oil recycling business is being developed in Singapore. For instance, Eflux
Singapore Pte Ltd has formed a Joint Venture, Eflux SK Pte Ltd, with SK Oilchem
Management Pte Ltd, to collect, recycle and treat waste oil in Singapore using Hyflux's
proprietary technology. Most of the oil collected is recycled into purified oil which can
be resold or blended into final products.
Recycling in Singapore
Recycling recovers valuable resources and helps to minimise the need for waste disposal.
It is strongly encouraged in Singapore. On the 5.6 million tonnes of refuse generated in
2007, 3 million tonnes were recycled (54% of refuse). High recycling rates have been
29
achieved for a number of waste streams such as construction and demolition waste, used
slag, and ferrous metals (22.800 tonnes/year of scrap metal recovered). However, a
number of waste streams such as food waste, plastics, wood and glass are barely recycled
even though they offer potential for further increase in recycling rates.
The overall recycling rate has increased from 40% in 2000 to 54% in 2008 and the
MEWR aims to achieve 60% recycled rate by 2012.
Besides waste collection services, Public Waste Collectors also provide recycling
services to residents (centralized recycling bins are installed for HDB and at public
places).
Some companies - Nestle, KFC and Mc Donald’s - are leading the way of waste cutting
by reducing their products’ packaging. They made a commitment to relook packaging
and switch to recyclable materials.
→ Governmental Actions – Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
With the constantly growing population, the Singaporean authorities were forced to come
up with ideas on how to reduce the quantities of waste to be eliminated, including
selective collection, recovery of organic waste, recovery, reuse & recycling, awareness
campaigns, etc. To tackle the challenges of solid waste disposal in Singapore, the
government tries to promote the “3P” - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle - and has adopted three
main strategies:



Reduce the amount of waste generated by providing awareness campaigns
Reduce the volume of refuse through recycling
Minimise landfill use through incineration
In order to limit the production of waste at source while making the manufacturers
responsible for their actions, the recovery obligations have intensified, emphasising the
prevention effort with regard to the different flows of waste.
Suppliers of waste plastic injection or extrusion equipment are challenged to generate
proposals which combine their offering with waste material collection banks, granulators,
and all other components required for a closed-loop operation. Product sales need to be
supplemented by technical assistance for the production of appropriate new items from
the recycled plastic.
Singapore Green Plan 2012 (SGP2012)
The main targets and key thrusts concerning waste management are the following:
 Reduce waste at source
Work with industry
Awareness campaigns for packaging waste reduction
 Recycle
Get more to participate in recycling
Promote innovative technologies to recycle and reduce waste
Improve the quality of recycled products
Develop a market for recycled products
Build more infrastructural support for recycling
30

Reuse
Close the “waste loop”
Strive “towards zero landfill” by reusing non-incinerable waste
Singaore Packaging Agreement
To encourage waste minimisation at source, NEA, with industry players, has launched in
July 2007 a Voluntary Packaging Agreement to reduce the amount of packaging waste
generated. It covers the entire supply chain, including manufacturers and suppliers of
packaging, as well as manufacturers, distributors, importers and retailers of packaged
products. The agreement was signed between NEA and 5 industry associations
representing more than 500 companies.
National Recycling Programme
This programme was launched in April 2001. The four public waste collectors are
required to provide door-to-door collection services for recyclables such as paper,
plastics, glass and metal cans in their sectors. In 2007, centralised recycling bins were
also provided for every 5 blocks of flats in HDB estates to make it easy for Singaporeans
to recycle.
“Bring Your Own Bag” Days – Plastic Waste
At the individual level, the “Bring Your Own Bag” Days are meant to cut down on the
estimated figure of 2.5 billion plastic bags used each year (equivalent to 625 bags per
person annually). It has been launched by the NEA together with the SEC in April 2007
to promote the use of reusable bags and it is suppose to take place one each month.
Shoppers who do not bring their own bags can purchase reusable bags available at the
participating supermarkets or pay for each plastic bag taken at the checkout counters.
→ Research & Development
Nanyang Technological University and Keppel Integrated Engineering have embarked
on joint R&D in environmental technologies, focusing on waste treatment processes. The
team research issues in waste energy utilisation that may improve the efficiency of wasteto-energy incineration plants.
→ Companies in the field
There are about 450 companies in the waste management and recycling industry in
Singapore. Most of them are in the waste collection business.
Keppel Seghers Engineering Pte Ltd (KSE)
KSE is the environmental technology subsidiary of Keppel Corporation Ltd. The
company provides technology and fulfilment services for the treatment of municipal solid
waste, hazardous and medical waste as well as wastewater and sludge treatment, potable
water, desalination and home filtration systems. KIE is also actively pursuing thermal
waste treatment, water and wastewater treatment projects.
31
ecoWise Holdings Ltd
ecoWise focuses on four main domain: renewable energy, recovery of industrial
materials, recycling of organic materials and provision of integrated environmental
management solutions. The company has built a biomass cogeneration plant at Sungei
Kadut that use tree prunings and waste wood such as discarded wood pallets for fuel.
ecoWise also operates a composting facility at Sarimbun Recycling Park. This facility
can produce pathogens and contaminants free organic compost in 14 days using the
proprietary in-vessel technology.
The core recycling business of ecoWise is the production of used copper slag which is an
end-product in high demand as a sand substitute in eco-concrete production because of
Singapore’s construction boom and the shortage of sand for concrete production.
SembCorp Environmental Management Pte Ltd
Sembcorp is Asia’s premier environmental services company serving 18 cities in
Singapore, Australia, China and India. It provides municipal, commercial and biohazardous waste collection and treatment; recycling and resource recovery.
Minerva Resources Pte Ltd
This waste recycling company is a leading supplier of metal waste, electronic waste and
plastics waste.
Sulo Altvater Jakob Pte Ltd
Altvater Jakob Pte Ltd is part of the German multi-national Sulo which is a state-of-theart bin manufacturer and aim to be at the forefront in the development of waste
management and technology. It is one of the four public waste collectors in Singapore
and it offers collection, sorting and trading of recyclable items such as waste paper,
plastic, glass and textile.
Colex Holdings Ltd
The group provides services for domestic, commercial and industrial waste disposal,
selling and renting equipment and repairing waste compactors.
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies
In only a few years, the performances of Wallonia in the field of collection, recycling and
recovery have come to be considered among the best in Europe.
There has been, in all waste-related sectors, the emergence of new technologies, whether
to recover the gases generated by rubbish tips, to find solutions to sorting/treatment of
waste, to reduce the olfactory nuisances of the landfill sites or yet again to treat the
lixiviates.
Many of Belgian public and private research teams have already developed innovative
solutions to update new methods for treatment and disposal of waste product and in order
to meet the demand at a lower cost. Several are already operational for the treatment of
used batteries, the recovery of sludge, the composting of organic waste, the rehabilitation
of obsolete IT equipment and the thermal recovery of hazardous waste.
32
Those ingenious and innovative solutions should be of interest to solve specific problems
concerning waste management in Singapore.
d) Energy control
One of Singapore’s challenges, as a nation with no indigenous energy resources, is to
ensure that energy supply is affordable and reliable and at the same time that it is
generated and used in an environmentally sustainable manner. Singapore strives to
become a leading provider and sophisticated user of alternative energy products and
services.
o Electricity & Gas
Since natural gas is cleaner than fuel oil, Singapore has taken several steps to increase
electricity production from natural gas rather than from fuel oil. The government
supports companies in entering import agreements with Malaysia and with the Indonesian
state-owned company, Pertamina, to supply natural gas imports. Today, about 80% of the
electricity demand is generated from natural gas in Singapore.
Natural gas is imported from Indonesia and Malaysia via pipeline connected to the
Senoko Power generating station and the Tuas-Jurong Island areas, which represents a
volume of 6 million tonnes of gas per year.
Because of the increasing demand for natural gas, due to the population growth and the
increase of petrochemical activities, Singapore has to further diversify its supply.
Thereby, in August 2006, the Energy Market Authority has given the green light for the
construction of a LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) terminal on Jurong Island. The terminal
will be operated by PowerGas Ltd (a subsidiary of Singapore Power) and should be
operational in 2012. It is expected to have a capacity of 3 million tonnes per year.
Town gas, manufactured from naphtha, is used mainly for the purposes of cooking and
water heating by domestic and commercial users. The transport of manufactured gas is
served by a pipeline network covering 80% of Singapore households.
In order to further the use of natural gas, the existing town gas system will be
progressively converted to transport natural gas. As with the electricity transmission
network, the gas transportation system will be run by PowerGas Ltd.
Singapore is also liberalizing the gas market and the EMA recently opened the national
pipeline grid to all competitors. Passage of the Gas Act in 2001 set the legal basis for a
competitive market.
For more information about Gas Supply Regulations, refer to:
http://elise.ema.gov.sg/elise/circularsservlet?Operation=Get&Item=1
To further enhance competition and market efficiency, PowerGas, the gas transporter, is
not allowed to participate in gas import, trading and retailing. On the other hand,
SembCorp which imports, transports and retails natural gas, is required to exit the gas
transportation business.
33
Temasek Holdings owns three power generation companies (gencos) in Singapore. The
other gencos are SembCorp Cogen, Keppel Merlimau Cogen, Keppel Seghers Tuas
Waste-to-Energy Plant Pte and a power station is being built on Jurong Island by the USowned Island Power Company. A new local player, Federal International, is also
building a cogen plant on this island and will sell power and steam to Singapore’s largest
biodiesel plant in the making. That plant, due by year-end, is being built by Natural Fuel
Ltd and will measure 600,000 tonnes.
The three Temasek-owned gencos – Power-Seraya, Senoko Power and Tuas Power –
together account for 80% of Singapore’s power-generating capacity of more than 11,000
MW. The transmission and distribution network is owned by PowerGrid Ltd.
Since the liberalization of the domestic energy market, Temasek will sell its three gencos
over the next 12 to 18 months.
o Renewables
Singapore consumes a lot of energy, especially when compared with other Asian
countries. Besides, energy is still often produced in Singapore by burning fossil fuels and
Singapore is totally dependant on imported energy resources (primarily oil and natural
gas). Therefore, the need for alternative sources of energy is even more stringent.
The clean energy industry has a great growth potential in Singapore within the context of
high fuel prices and rising environmental concerns.
Solar energy
Among the renewable energy sources, photovoltaic has been considered as promising
towards meeting the continually increasing demand for energy in Singapore. It has been
identified by researchers as the one having the highest potential for large-scale
applications.
The Asian region is one of the most important photovoltaic growth markets. Indeed,
conventional energy supply is unable to keep pace with the swift economic growth and
the countries are therefore increasingly turning to renewable energies.
By growing a whole new solar energy sector, Singapore aims to attract global talent and
technology to help power a €850 million clean-energy industry by 2015 and create 7,000
new jobs along the way. The market for solar photovoltaic is projected to grow from last
year’s €7.8 billion to 34.6 by 2016.
Conergy and SolarWorld, two of the main solar energy companies in the world, have
established their regional headquarters for Asia Pacific and the Middle East in Singapore.
Individuals may also benefit from efficient solar technologies. The Nanyang
Technological University recently came up with a meter that tracks power going in and
out of homes and relay the information back to the national grid. It is a key tool for the
EDB that is looking at compensating homes generating excess electricity to feed back
into the national grid. This decision aims at making solar energy a popular choice in
Singapore.
Biomass and Biofuel production
The energy in biomass can be harnessed in waste-to-energy plants or cogeneration plants.
All incinerable waste not recovered, reused or recycled is sent for incineration at the
34
‘waste-to-energy’ plants. The incineration produces heat which is recovered to produce
electricity. The biomass in Singapore’s municipal waste is mainly wood waste,
horticultural waste, food waste and waste paper.
Two companies, ECO-IEE Pte Ltd and Bee Joo Industries Pte Ltd, have biomass
cogeneration plants in Singapore with respectively a turbine capacity of 0.53 MW and 1.0
MW. Cogeneration of heat and electricity offers significant energy savings compared to
conventional power station.
Biofuel Production, including bioethanol and biodiesel, is also a rapidly expanding
business sector owing to the market demand of “green” energy. The annual production of
biodiesel in Singapore is currently estimated at 650.000 tonnes per year and the
government aims to reach a production of 1million tons/year by 2010 and 3million
tonnes/year by 2015.
The Finnish oil refiner Neste Oil has invested 550 million euros to build a biodiesel plant
in Singapore. The plant is expected to have an annual capacity of 800.000 tonnes and will
be operational in 2010.
Van Der Horst Biodiesel Pte. Ltd., a joint-venture biodiesel company formed by Van Der
Horst Engineering Services Pte Ltd (VDH) and the Institute of Environmental Science
and Engineering Pte Ltd (a technology development company of NTU plans to build two
biodiesel processing plants. The €27 million production facility, covering an area of some
4.5ha, is scheduled to commence production by December 2008. The first facility, to be
established on Jurong Island, will have an annual production capacity of 200.000 tonnes.
Fuel cells (hydrogen fuel)
Five types of fuel cells technologies are used in Singapore: the alkaline, phosphoric acid,
proton exchange membrane, molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells.
Several projects have been developed in Singapore, one using fuel cells to provide energy
to vehicles. DaimlerChrysler, for example, is currently test-bedding its fuel cell vehicles
in Singapore. In 2006, the UK-based Rolls-Royce has signed an agreement with EnerTek
Singapore Pte Ltd, a Singaporean consortium of companies, to invest together
€68 million in developing a commercially viable power system based on fuel cell
technology (solid oxide).
Wind and hydropower
Wind as a renewable resource in Singapore is not viable because of the lack of abundant
winds. However, there are few wind turbines installations near coastal areas. Hydro
power is not feasible in Singapore either, since water resources are not abundant and the
geography does not allow hydroelectricity to be produced.
The Danish firm Vestas Wind Systems, a leading wind turbine manufacturer and supplier,
has established in 2006 its Asia-Pacific headquarters in Singapore to tap into the region's
growing demand for wind energy. The Singapore HQ also hosts an R&D Centre. The
investment represents €250 million over 10 years.
The Clean Development Mechanism projects - CDM (Kyoto Protocol)
As part of the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol, companies can implement projects that
result in long-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Such projects allow
35
generating Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) – or “carbon credits” – that can be
traded. By this way, companies are able to reap economic benefits from the CDM and
increase their financial returns from investing in energy efficient technologies. In
November 2007, ecoWise Holdings Pte Ltd was the first Singapore-based company to
sign carbon credits sale. The company will sale up to 95.000 CERs – that is 95.000
tonnes of carbon dioxide – to the Japanese company Kansai Electric Power Co Inc. The
Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA) was facilitated by KYOTOenergy Pte
Ltd, a Singaporean company founded and managed by the Belgium Michel Buron.
→ Governmental Actions – Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
The government, especially the EDB, has recently made significant headway in
developing the Clean Energy industry by providing €175 million of public funds. It aims
to generate €1 billion of value added and 7000 jobs by 2015 for the Clean Energy
industry. To encourage the development of energy efficient technologies and practices in
the industry, the government has put in place a number of programmes and schemes:
In order to spearhead the industry, the government launched in April 2007, the
interagency workgroup: the Clean Energy Programme Office (CEPO). Its initiatives
include the €25 million Clean Energy Research Programme (CERP) set up to support
R&D efforts as well as a €12.5 million graduate scholarship programme to groom topnotch talent for the industry.
CEPO is responsible for planning and executing strategies to develop Singapore into a
Global Clean Energy Hub whereby clean energy products and solutions are developed.
In 2007, was also launched the €8.5 million Clean Energy Research and Test-bedding
(CERT) Programme. This provides funding for both local and foreign companies which
have innovative clean technology solutions to test.
New Electricity Market (NEM)
Singapore’s NEM is a plan designed by the EMA to promote the efficient supply of
competitively-priced electricity, open up the retail market to full competition, allow
certain government-owned assets to be privatized and encourage private investment in
Singapore’s power system infrastructure.
National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS)
Singapore's National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) represents Singapore's
commitment to take part in the international effort to address climate change. Singapore
aims to tackle the challenge of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions by improving the
energy efficiency of its major energy sectors, namely power generation, industries,
transport, buildings and households. Singapore is also investing to develop “green”
technologies, especially in the areas of solar energy and water.
Energy Efficiency Programme Office (E2PO)
This multi-agency committee, led by NEA, has been established in order to drive energy
efficiency improvement in Singapore: promoting adoption of energy efficient
36
technologies, building capability to drive and sustain energy efficiency efforts, raising
awareness, supporting R&D. It comprises the Energy Market Authority, Economic
Development Board, Land Transport Authority, Building and Construction Authority and
the Agency for Science, technology and Research (A*Star).
Solar Capability Scheme – the new CEPO programme
In April 2008, the EDB has set up a €10 million scheme to encourage the use of solar
technologies in new building projects. The scheme aims to encourage innovative design
and integration of solar technologies into energy efficient buildings.
As a result of a growing interest in the renewable energy cluster of solar technologies, the
Singapore Solar Power Consortium (SSPC) was formed, comprising Grenzone,
Singapore Cables Manufacturers, Tee Hai Chemicals, Mitsubishi Electric, Phocos SEA
and Intelleigen. The SSPC seeks to tie in the full value chain from raw materials
suppliers, components suppliers to system integrators to serve solar photovoltaic markets.
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP)
Singapore has joined the REEEP which is an international alliance of governments,
NGOs and businesses dedicated to accelerating and expanding the global market for
renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies
Energy Efficiency Improvement Assistance Scheme (EASe)
The EASe is a co-funding scheme administered by NEA to incentive companies to carry
out studies on their energy consumption and identify potential areas for energy efficiency
improvement.
Energy Audit Scheme
This voluntary scheme was launched in 2002 by the NEA, under the initiative of the
National Climate Change Committee (NCCC), in partnership with major industrial
consumers. It aims to encourage industries that use large amount of oil and gas to put in
place a formal system for the management of energy use. By carrying out their energy
audits, companies should be able to identify opportunities for improving their energy
efficiency.
Energy Efficient Equipment and Technology incentive scheme
The objective of the scheme is to encourage companies to replace old, energy-consuming
equipment with more energy efficient ones and to invest in energy-saving equipment.
Energy Labelling Scheme
This voluntary scheme was introduced by the NEA to identify energy efficient electrical
equipment and appliances and help households to select energy efficient models. Under
this scheme, labels containing energy efficiency information are affixed to the airconditioner and refrigerator models of participating brands in retail stores.
Green Vehicle Rebates
To encourage greater use of natural gas among households, vehicle fleet operators, and
industries, the government provides several financial incentives. For instance, to
37
encourage the use of environmentally friendly vehicles (hybrid cars, compressed natural
gas vehicles and electric cars), green vehicle rebates were introduced in 2001. These
rebates aim to narrow the cost differential between green vehicles and conventional
vehicles.
→ Research & Development
More and more research is being done into clean and renewable energy as in developing
energy-efficient technology. It aims to decrease Singapore’s reliance on carbon-intensive
fossil fuels and the impact of its growing energy need. R&D focuses on improving the
current state of technology, and bringing down production costs to a level that would
make large-scale adoption commercially viable.
On June 2008, EDB has suggested to set up a “Cleantech” Park to showcase
Singapore’s green energy technologies in line with its push to be a global clean energy
hub and to be the regional leader in clean energy solutions. The park will be built on a
sizeable parcel of land dedicated to creating a clean tech community over the next two
decades.
Photovoltaic
Numbers of studies are undertaken on large-scale photovoltaic generation systems as well
as many demonstration projects which aim to promote the use of photovoltaic.
The National University of Singapore and the EDB project to set up a Building
Integrated PhotoVoltaics (BIPV) Centre which would be a research and teaching
centre to promote the BIPV concept of integrating solar energy technology into
architectural projects in Singapore.
The Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) has been set up in April
2008. It was jointly established by the EDB and the NUS at an investment cost of
€65 million over five years. The institute will conduct research in the production of
silicon-based solar cells and aims to create more effective photovoltaic devices that can
convert light into electricity. It will work with the construction industry to develop
energy-efficient buildings (window panes to trap light for energy, solar-assisted air
conditioning).
Biodiesel
Singapore’s biodiesel industry is developing and welcoming new entrants despite rising
commodity prices. The first biodiesel plants that rely on palm oil are not financially
viable as palm oil prices rise. A new commodity, way cheaper than corn or palm, seems
to be a promising opportunity for the market: the jatropha. The plant is easy and
inexpensive to grow and can be converted into biodiesel with the help of natural enzymes
instead of chemicals. It translates into a potential of 30 to 40% savings in electricity and
water costs.
Scientists in Singapore hope to develop a superior and more productive strain of jatropha.
Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory (TLL) has set up at a 1.7ha farm, located near Sungei
Buloh Nature Park, which will eventually grow 3,000 plants.
38
Fuel Cell
The Fuel Cell Application Centre is a research unit of the Temasek Engineering School.
It conducts applied research in switching/analogue power circuits and fuel cell
technology relevant to industrial needs. It focuses on advanced switch mode power
conversion with handling power rating up to 1 kW and fuel cell technology and
applications.
→ Companies in the field
ReEx Capital Asia (Renewable Energy Exchange - REEX)
is a financial intermediary helping project developers in the renewable energy sector
across South East Asia to raise finance (through matchmaking with financial institutions,
development banks, corporate investors and clean energy private equity funds).
Gas & Electricity
CityGas
is a subsidiary of the CitySpring Infrastructure Management Pte Ltd. It focuses on
production of town gas and retail it island-wide to all residents as well as supply both
town gas and natural gas to commercial and industrial sectors.
General Electric
GE in Singapore provides products and services for the energy industry, including coal,
oil, natural gas and renewable resources like water, wind and solar energy.
Singapore Power Ltd
The company is the largest electricity and gas utility company in Singapore (assets of
€15 billion at end March 2008). It provides electricity and gas transmission, distribution
services and energy market support services.
Photovoltaic
About twenty solar firms - home-grown and foreign - are already based in Singapore, not
including many others in the field of solar thermal systems.
Sunseap Enterprises Pte Ltd
It manufactures and markets a wide range of photovoltaic products such as solar panels,
solar lightings, grid connected systems, BIPV and solar charge controllers.
Renewable Energy Corporation ASA
The Norwegian company has decided to establish the world’s largest integrated solar
manufacturing complex in Singapore. The complex will incorporate wafer, cell and
module production facilities. It has a potential investment value of €3.1 billion and is
expected to have a production capacity of up to 1,5 GW.
39
Phoenix Solar
The subsidiary of the leading German photovoltaic system integrator - Phoenix
SonnenStrom - is developing and building projects in the power plant sector throughout
the Asian-Pacific region and distributing photovoltaic components and systems.
Biodiesel
Van Der Horst Biodiesel and GKE International Ltd
VDH Biodiesel plans to build a 200.000 tonnes jatropha biodiesel plant on Jurong Island.
The Jatropha Curcas oil will come mainly from its own plantations and through contract
farming in the Asian region. VDH Biodiesel was acquired in 2007 by GKE International.
The venture deals with production, transportation and distribution of biodiesel and its byproducts. On 3 March 2008, the name of the holding company, GKE International was
changed to Van der Horst Energy Ltd.
BioEnergyPlantations Pte Ltd
The company has an established 20ha pilot plantation with a nursery and R&D centre. It
has also started the cultivation of Jatropha in India. The company has recently signed
(June 12th, 2008) its first Jatropha off-take Memorandum of Understanding with Van
Der Horst Biodiesel Pte. Together, they aim at developing a 6.000ha Jatropha plantation
in India.
Biomass
ecoWise Holdings Ltd
Despite its current success in the waste management (see supra), ecoWise sees renewable
energy as the company’s next growth area. The company already started a cogeneration
plant fuelled by biomass to generate power and heat for its recycling factory. Revenues
come mainly from biomass collection but the use of steam and heat to dry organic waste,
the selling of solid biomass fuel tablets to companies with their own cogeneration plant
and the trade of carbon credit on the international market are three other potential sources
of revenues.
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies
With the nation-wide drive on energy efficiency and worldwide move to reduce CO2
emissions, it is obvious that there will be a demand for energy management capabilities
and services and carbon consultancy services. The establishment of accreditation
schemes by the government and institutes will help to ensure a continued build-up of
skills and expertise in Singapore.
Concerning solar energy, there is a good potential for the BIPV in Singapore: the solar
radiation is favorable, the hot and humid weather conditions are ideal for the silicon
material used, photovoltaic can easily supply 20-30% of the total energy demand of a
building during the day and the selected buildings orientations are already with respect to
the sun path.
Moreover, the global solar market in Asia is poised to more than triple to over €68 billion
by 2011.
40
Recently, a new Walloon cluster was created to promote the business development of
Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development technologies in the Walloon region
(TWEED Cluster). This cluster aims to support investments in production and
exploitation of “sustainable energy” by promoting the networking between industrial or
commercial companies and others actors of the sustainable energy sector.
To learn more about this cluster: http://clusters.wallonie.be/tweed/
e) Building & construction – Intelligent Building Technology
Urbanization offers significant potential for increased productivity and economic growth.
Construction and engineering sectors are expected to grow at 4.2% across Asia Pacfic in
the years 2005-2010. The value for the industry is high too, with the building projects
industry alone worth €177 billion in 2005.
Construction spending in Singapore is expected to reach €3.4 billion by 2011. With
contracts awarded for large-scale projects such as two integrated resorts developed by
Las Vegas Sands and Genting International Group, the petrochemical plants by
ExxonMobil & Shell, the Sports Hub and the Marina Bay Financial Centre (MBFC).
As the property market booms and the demand for intelligent building and eco-friendly
building technology takes off, positive market opportunities in the region for international
manufacturers will continue to exist.
In Singapore, some projects incorporating building technology are the new Changi
International Airport Terminal 3, Fusionpolis, the €6.8 million Zero-Energy building, a
€4.3 billion solar plant and the €1.7 billion South Beach mixed development building.
→ Governmental Actions – Plans, Funding, Awards / Singaporean demand
The Singapore’s government is looking into further incentives and legislation to “green”
more of Singapore's buildings by using alternative methods of construction which are
energy and resource-efficient. Thus, the government encourages innovative and
environment-friendly property development projects to enhance productivity and improve
quality of living and working spaces.
Moreover, as Singapore aspires to be a leading global city in environmental
sustainability, there is scope to further improve on energy efficiency requirements in
buildings, to address the impact of climate change.
The BCA strongly encourages the construction of green buildings and is targeting to
introduce new regulations to set minimum standards of environmental sustainability for
buildings (including energy efficiency, water efficiency, indoor environment quality and
environmental management).
The PUB is also working with HDB to adopt the use of water efficient products in HDB
developments. From July 2009, taps, urinals and dual-flush cisterns installed in all new
developments and premises undergoing renovation, must have at least a “one-tick” water
efficiency rating. HDB has also incorporated the use of dual-flush cisterns for new
projects.
41
The Centre for Liveable Cities
This centre has been set up by the government on June 2008. It seeks to gather
governmental agencies together to help Singapore grow in a sustainable manner and
become a global leader on sustainable urban development. As a start, it will gather
information on sustainable urban development across the government, private and
academic sectors. That information will then be used to formulate policies and undertake
research to further develop areas such as housing, recreation and transport. Beyond
coordinating efforts among agencies and doing research, the centre will link-up with
other cities to exchange best practices.
Tianjin eco-city project
An urban development project in the region of Tianjin has been recently jointly planned
by China and Singapore. This eco-city is expected to be completed in 10 to 15 years. All
buildings in the city will be energy efficient and the project, when achieved, is expected
to be a model for other cities in China.
Singapore’s first Zero-Energy Building
In order to promote green technology and raise awareness among the population, the
BCA will construct the first zero-energy building by 2009 at the BCA Academy in
Singapore. The building will incorporate the latest energy-efficient inventions, making it
a test bed for green building technologies.
The building will be 60% more efficient than a normal commercial building. Recent
technologies developed by the National University of Singapore (NUS) will be tested,
such as:
 a Single Coil Twin Fan ventilation system that will help regulate the flow of fresh
and recycled air, according to demand, throughout the building (recycled air will
be used for ambient cooling).
 a Personalised Ventilation system that delivers fresh air directly to a user (sensors
will detect the presence of users and it will direct fresh air to their breathing
zones).
 a Solar Chimney that improves a room's ventilation tenfold by using differences
in air pressure.
Once completed, the ZEB will serve as a test bed for new technologies as well as for
industry training, research and education.
The Building & Construction Authority (BCA) Green Mark Scheme
The BCA launched the Green Mark Scheme in January 2005 as an initiative to encourage
more environment friendly buildings in Singapore’s construction industry. To-date, a
total of 129 buildings and parks have been assessed and awarded the Mark by the BCA.
The Green Mark Scheme is a green building rating system to evaluate a building for its
environmental impact and performance. The assessment is based on five criteria: energy
efficiency, water efficiency, project development and management, good indoor
environmental quality and environmental protection, innovation.
Although BCA Green Mark certification was on a voluntary basis initially, it has since
been made mandatory for new and retrofitted buildings in April 2008.
42
The Green Mark Incentive Scheme (GMIS)
This €10 million Green Mark Incentive Scheme offers financial incentives to owners of
Green classified buildings.
Eco-office Poject
In 2002, the Singapore Environment Council launched the Eco-Office Project in
partnership with City Developments Ltd. It provides information about the overall
environmental performance of an office (management commitment to the environment,
purchasing practice, waste reduction measures, workplace ecology such as indoor air
quality, water and energy conservation). Through this project, companies can also apply
for the Singapore Green Office Label to demonstrate their commitment toward
environmental protection.
The Energy Smart Buildings Labeling Scheme
This label was developed by the Energy Sustainability Unit (ESU) of the National
University of Singapore and the NEA. It is a benchmarking scheme to promote the active
management of energy use in a building. Buildings that achieve energy efficiency equal
to or better than the top 25% of the benchmark and meet good indoor air quality
standards are accorded the EnergySmart Building Label. It offers performance indicators
and energy efficiency targets as management tools for performance tracking and
improvements.
→ Research & Development
Research Fund for the Built Environment – Ministry of National Development
(MND)
In 2006, the MND has decided to allocate €25 million to this Research Fund for the next
five years in order to intensify R&D efforts in green building technologies and energy
efficiency.
The Clean Energy Research and Test-bedding Programme (CERT)
Funded by EDB and led by Singapore Polytechnic and the NUS, this programme
supports test-bedding research projects in the application of clean energy involving the
buildings and facilities of various government agencies.
BCA’s photovoltaic (PV) R&D project.
BCA approached other government organizations, such as Ministry of Education and
Ministry of Home Affairs, which were implementing building programmes, to consider
integrating PV technology into one of their buildings as a demonstration project.
Intelligent Building Competency Unit - Temasek Engineering School
This Competency Unit undertakes R&D work in collaboration with industry and focuses
on two main areas: intelligent building systems and building performance.
43
→ Companies in the field
Singapore Technologies Electronics Ltd (STE) and NCS Pte Ltd are two of the major IT
and communications engineering services providers in Singapore and the Asia Pacific
region.
Singapore Technologies Electronics Ltd (STE)
ST Electronics is a subsidiary of Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd which is a
global engineering group providing integrated solutions for the aerospace, electronics,
land systems and marine industries. One of the main activities of the Electronics sector is
to develop Intelligent Transportation systems and Intelligent Building management
systems.
NCS Pte Ltd
Is a wholly-owned subsidiary of SingTel Group. The services providing by the company
include: consulting, systems development and integration, managed services and
technology solutions. In the field of Intelligent Building, NCS Pte Ltd aims to improve
the building environment and functionality as well as reduce the operating costs by
applying innovative technologies. The company has already secured substantial
intelligent building contracts in the Middle East and China.
City Developments Ltd (CDL)
CDL is a listed international property and hotel conglomerate involved in real estate
development and investment. The company implements innovative green design and
state-of-the-art technology in its developments. Between 2005 and 2008, 26 CDL
developments have been accorded a BCA Green Mark. The company tries to develop
environmentally-sustainable properties and manage them in a cost-efficient and energyefficient way by incorporating various energy-saving and water-saving features.
Keppel Corporation Ltd (Keppel Corp)
Industrial conglomerate Keppel Corp has recently entered into a joint venture agreement
with Tianjin Eco-City Investment and Development to develop the eco-city project in
China. The project will be set up by the Singapore Tianjin Eco-City Investment Holdings
(STEC), a subsidiary of Keppel Corp. Currently Keppel is seeking international investors
to co-invest in STEC.
Keppel Land, another subsidiary of the Keppel Group, is a leading property development
company. The company aims to be a leading developer of quality homes in the region
and has already achieved the Green Mark accreditation for several developments,
including Marina Bay Financial Centre and Residences.
→ Opportunities in the field for Walloon and Brussels companies
Intelligent Buildings are becoming an intrinsic part of the cityscape in the Asia Pacific.
Indeed, Asia is expected to require a dynamic construction market and more energy to
meet its needs because of several factors:
 continued strong economic growth
 ongoing population explosion
44
 increasing urbanisation
 living standard gains and lifestyle changes
Regarding to that, there will be huge opportunities in the future for entrepreneurial
companies to work in this field in the region.
Energy efficiency in buildings can be achieved by setting up technologies that ensure the
building’s long-term profitability and that optimize manpower utilization and reduce the
costs. The building’s integrated systems range from solar energy system to indoor climate
control system, energy recovery ventilation system…
The Walloon Green Building Cluster is a network gathering various experts active in the
“Green Building” sector in the Walloon region.
To learn more about this cluster: http://clusters.wallonie.be/ecoconstruction/
6. SWOT analysis
When considering investing in Singapore’s environmental sector, an analysis of the
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats is essential.
Strengths
The geographic situation of Singapore (land constraints, water shortages…) has made the
environmental sector a crucial issue of development and sustainability. At the same time,
the world’s concern for environmental problems has raised quickly in the past decade.
Fortunately, the Republic has been able to develop an innovative and fast-growing
environmental industry. Singapore is leading the way of high quality environment by
providing high air standard, consistent waste treatment, innovative water solutions and
several clean renewable energy sources. In 2003, the environmental industry contributed
0.6% of Singapore’s GDP, which amounts to €0.5 billion in value added, and employed
about 20,000 workers. The Economic Development Board plans to up this contribution to
Singapore’s GDP to 1.5% over the next 10 years.
The government has played a major role by implementing and enforcing consistent
regulations and laws and by attributing financial incentives to innovative projects,
companies and individuals. The long-term nature of most of the projects makes the
commitment to environmental strategy more consistent and efficient.
Besides, public awareness is high when it comes to environmental concerns thanks to
various campaigns led by the government and organisations. This makes easier the
acceptation of environment-friendly products.
The country’s commitment to environmental progress has allowed the settling of leading
home-grown and international companies and the sector’s growth is not about to slow
down.
The gathering of sectorial industries, such as Eco-Recycling Park which host the
industries in the recycling business, is favorable for innovation and the development of
cooperation amongst firms. Clusters are also providing companies with state-of-the-art
technologies and a pool of highly qualified workers.
45
The settling of several R&D centers by private companies - Siemens Water Technologies,
GE Water and Black&Veatch - is also a major boost to EDB’s efforts to build a strong
global water industry cluster.
Overall, Singapore offers a top-ranking, globally-connected, pro-business environment
with a strong and stable infrastructure for successful innovation and collaboration for
both the public and private sectors. Singapore has a worldwide reputation as a regional
financial hub with stable governance. It is a multi-cultural society with a bilingual policy,
which allows companies to target many language markets.
Furthermore, Singapore is well positioned as a regional headquarter to export
environmental services to the Asia Pacific market because of its:



intimate knowledge of Asia’s culture
easy accessibility to the region
environmental expertise built up from similar economic, social and physical
circumstances to many countries in the region
Making use of the geographical location of Singapore, many big and small organisations
set up bases here to have access to other parts of Asia and Middle East. It is being used as
a “Gateway".
Weaknesses
Some parts of the environmental industry are still under-represented in Singapore.
In the energy sector, this includes geothermal, ocean and solar thermal projects and
liquefied natural gas (LNG) technologies. Only solar technology is well represented as a
source of renewable energy.
In the waste management field, medical waste treatment does not benefit from cuttingedge technologies.
From another perspective, Singapore’s neighbors are not as economically developed
and do not currently have the financial capacity to invest in the environmental sector.
Many developing countries do not even consider taking the environmental problems into
account in their economic plans. This lack of commitment to the issue could be a curb on
the development of Singapore as a regional hub. Besides, the small size of Singapore
prevents it from having a significant influence on the environmental situation of the
region.
Opportunities
With the global environmental technology market estimated at €410 billion currently, the
industry has been identified as a strategic growth area for Singapore, and this tie-up is in
line with Singapore’s push to be a regional environmental technology hub.
Singapore’s government is offering a wide range of financial aids and awards for
innovative projects. This can help Brussels’ companies to settle their business and to
46
grow public awareness. The EDB is also providing help and funding to promising
companies.
Cooperation with Singapore’s universities, which are very active in looking for new
environmental solutions, is definitely a great opportunity as well. Most of them already
developed special research centers focused on environmental issues and technologies.
The fact that the countries surrounding Singapore are far away from its environmental
development can be strength for Singapore. Indeed, Singapore could become the regional
leading country in the field. The companies based in Singapore would have important
growth opportunities as the environmental concern will rise by its neighbors, which is
very likely to happen. Therefore, massive R&D investment can open up wide
opportunities for innovative companies.
In the waste management field, recycling technologies seem to have a bright future in
Singapore considering the land constraints and environmental concerns.
Globally, solid (medical and hazardous) waste treatment, industrial waste recycling,
contaminated land remediation, wastewater treatment (municipal and industrial) and air
pollution control equipment offer some of the best export opportunities in the Southeast
Asian countries.
Clean energy technologies are likely to have a success as well in a very short future,
particularly the Solar Energy as the architects in Singapore want to make photovoltaic
panels an essential part of the structure and design of buildings.
With South East Asia’s economy boom, especially in the fluid, air, gas, real estate and
infrastructure, there is a huge demand for energy efficiency and modern water, ventilating
and air-conditioning facilities offering great market opportunities in the “Green
Buildings” sector.
Finally, indoor air treatment recently got some more interest from the authorities and
building constructors and more efficient and healthy systems are likely to be searched for
very soon.
Moreover, pilot plants located in Singapore provide excellent opportunities for the
development of applications and working system models (test bed). Designated areas
such as the Eco Recycling Park, Jurong Island and “one-north” allow companies to testbed and showcase their products and services, as well as conduct R&D activities
effectively.
These conditions provide an unprecedented opportunity to suppliers of environmental
technology from around the world.
Wallonia has a qualified workforce which benefits from a high level of training. The
region enjoys an international reputation for its expertise and innovation thanks to the
contribution of 300 public, private or university research centres. Partnerships with
Singaporean’s research centres may be of interest to leverage cutting-edge technologies
to further R&D efforts.
With the overall economic outlook still looking positive in Singapore, positive business
opportunities will continue to exist for Belgian companies which may be able to use
Singapore as a great platform to enter the South East Asia market and expand their
businesses.
47
Threats
As seen above, half of Singapore's total water supply comes from rainfall, collected in
reservoirs or catchment areas. But the ability of Singapore to meet its own water needs
may be compromised by the impacts of climate change, which are already affecting local
rainfall patterns.
To date, at the current level of PV prices and efficiencies, PV systems are not
economically viable. The capital investment on the PV system could be recovered within
25 years, which is the assumed lifespan of the PV installation, provided that the annual
escalation rate of energy cost is not less than 15% with the interest rate for borrowing set
at 5%.
At least, Singapore’s neighbors are likely to be future powerful economies and the
development of their own environmental sector, built on Singaporean efforts, can
“cannibalize” the research investments made by Singapore in the field. The international
competition is very likely to increase in the coming years as the general concern rises in
the field.
48