Live classroom and online training from the
world’s leading telecommunications training company.
TRA
P.O. Box A
505 W. Bertrand Ave.
St. Marys, KS 66536-0016
www.TRA.com
info@tra.com
1-800-872-4736
1-785-437-2000
TRA e-Learning Library............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Network Fundamentals Curriculum ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Understanding Voice Communications: a Technical Introduction™.................................................................................................. 8
Springfield: An Introduction to Telecommunications™...................................................................................................................... 9
Understanding the Basics of Home Office Networking™ ................................................................................................................ 10
Understanding the Basics of SS7 and Network Control™ .............................................................................................................. 11
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications™ ................................................................................................................... 12
Understanding Access Technologies: An Overview™ .................................................................................................................... 13
Understanding Basic WAN Technologies and Services™ .............................................................................................................. 14
Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications™ ............................................................................................................. 15
Understanding Radio Fundamentals™ ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul™ ..................................................................................................................... 17
Core Networks Curriculum ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VoIP™ ........................................................................................................................... 19
Understanding ISDN™ ................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Understanding Quality of Service™ ................................................................................................................................................ 21
Understanding Transmission in Telecommunications Networks™ ................................................................................................. 22
Understanding WAN Core Technologies™ ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Understanding Softswitch Architecture and Evolution™ ................................................................................................................. 24
Broadband Networks Curriculum..................................................................................................................................................... 25
Understanding the Basics of Video Broadcasting™........................................................................................................................ 26
Understanding DSL™ ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Understanding Frame Relay™ ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
Understanding Public Ethernet™ .................................................................................................................................................... 29
Understanding Optical Networks™ ................................................................................................................................................. 30
Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies™ .................................................................................................................... 31
Understanding the Basics of SONET™ .......................................................................................................................................... 32
Understanding Access Technologies™ .......................................................................................................................................... 33
Understanding ATM™ .................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Understanding Advanced ATM™.................................................................................................................................................... 35
Understanding MPLS VPNs™ ........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Understanding the Basics of IPTV™............................................................................................................................................... 37
Wireless Networks Curriculum ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul™ ..................................................................................................................... 39
Understanding CDMA™ ................................................................................................................................................................. 40
Understanding 802.11 Protocols and Procedures™ ....................................................................................................................... 41
Understanding GPRS™ .................................................................................................................................................................. 42
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™ ........................................................................................................................ 43
Understanding IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for All-IP Networks™ ........................................................................................... 44
Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless™ ....................................................................................................................................... 45
Understanding Mobile Internet Access™ ........................................................................................................................................ 46
Understanding GSM™ .................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure™........................................................................................................................ 48
Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies™ ........................................................................................................................... 49
Understanding UMTS™ .................................................................................................................................................................. 50
Understanding CDMA2000® and High-Speed Mobile Internet™ ................................................................................................... 51
Understanding WiMAX™ ................................................................................................................................................................ 52
Understanding LTE and SAE™ ...................................................................................................................................................... 53
Understanding Converged Communication™ ................................................................................................................................. 54
IP Networks Curriculum .................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry™ .................................................................................. 56
Understanding IP Telephony Signaling™ ....................................................................................................................................... 57
Understanding Voice over IP™ ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
Understanding SIP™ ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Understanding Home Networking™................................................................................................................................................ 60
Understanding IP Networking and VPNs™ ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Understanding Network Security™ ................................................................................................................................................. 62
Understanding IP Routing Protocols ............................................................................................................................................... 63
Understanding IP Access and Backbone™ .................................................................................................................................... 64
Understanding TCP/IP™ ................................................................................................................................................................ 65
Understanding IPv6™ ..................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Understanding Emerging IP Technologies™ .................................................................................................................................. 67
Emerging Technologies Curriculum ................................................................................................................................................ 68
Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies™ .................................................................................................................... 69
Understanding Emerging IP Technologies™ .................................................................................................................................. 70
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™ ........................................................................................................................ 71
Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless™ ....................................................................................................................................... 72
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry™ .................................................................................. 73
Understanding Cloud Computing™ ................................................................................................................................................ 74
Instructor Led Training .......................................................................................................................................................................... 75
Network Fundamentals Curriculum ................................................................................................................................................. 76
Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks™ ............................................................................................................ 77
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications™ ................................................................................................................... 78
Understanding Voice Communications: A Technical Introduction™ ............................................................................................... 79
Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications™ ............................................................................................................. 80
Understanding the Basics of Voice, Data, and Wireless Networks™ ............................................................................................. 81
Core Networks Curriculum ............................................................................................................................................................... 82
Understanding Quality of Service (QoS) ™ .................................................................................................................................... 83
Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VOIP™ .......................................................................................................................... 84
Understanding Carrier Network Evolution™ ................................................................................................................................... 85
Understanding the Basics of Long Distance Service™ ................................................................................................................... 86
Understanding Communications Convergence™ ........................................................................................................................... 87
Understanding Voice over IP™ ....................................................................................................................................................... 88
Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks™ ....................................................................................................................................... 89
Wireless Networks Curriculum ......................................................................................................................................................... 90
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™ ........................................................................................................................ 91
Understanding 802.11 Wireless LANs Protocols and Procedures™............................................................................................... 92
Understanding 802 Wireless Standards™ ...................................................................................................................................... 93
Understanding CDMA™ ................................................................................................................................................................. 94
Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies™ ........................................................................................................................... 95
Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure™........................................................................................................................ 96
Understanding GSM™ .................................................................................................................................................................... 97
Understanding GPRS and its Evolution to UMTS™........................................................................................................................ 98
Understanding UMTS™ .................................................................................................................................................................. 99
Understanding LTE and SAE™ .................................................................................................................................................... 100
Understanding WiMAX / IEEE 802.16™ ....................................................................................................................................... 102
Understanding UMTS and CDMA2000 Evolution to HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE™ .......................................................................... 103
Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE) ™ ......................................................................................... 104
Understanding Fundamental of Radio: Analysis, Design and Propagation™ ............................................................................... 105
Understanding Satellite Communications: Earth Station Design and Analysis™ .......................................................................... 106
IP Networks Curriculum .................................................................................................................................................................. 107
Understanding IPv6™ ................................................................................................................................................................... 108
Understanding TCP/IP™ .............................................................................................................................................................. 109
Understanding Network Security™ ............................................................................................................................................... 110
Understanding IP Networking and VPNs™ ................................................................................................................................... 111
Understanding MPLS VPNs™ ...................................................................................................................................................... 112
Understanding SIP™ .................................................................................................................................................................... 113
Broadband Networks Curriculum................................................................................................................................................... 114
Understanding Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) ™ .............................................................................................................................. 115
Understanding Public Ethernet™ .................................................................................................................................................. 116
Understanding Digital Subscriber Lines™ .................................................................................................................................... 117
Understanding Optical Networks™ ............................................................................................................................................... 118
Understanding the Basics of SONET and Optical Networking™ .................................................................................................. 119
Understanding Advanced SONET/SDH™ .................................................................................................................................... 120
Understanding the Basics of Broadcast Video Technology™ ....................................................................................................... 121
Understanding ATM™ .................................................................................................................................................................. 122
Understanding Advanced ATM™.................................................................................................................................................. 123
Understanding Multiprotocol Label Switching™ ............................................................................................................................ 124
Understanding Voice over ATM™................................................................................................................................................. 125
Emerging Technologies Curriculum .............................................................................................................................................. 126
Understanding Emerging Technologies™ .................................................................................................................................... 127
Understanding Public Ethernet™ .................................................................................................................................................. 128
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™ ...................................................................................................................... 129
Understanding IPv6™ ................................................................................................................................................................... 131
Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE) ™ ......................................................................................... 132
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Overview
Customers require the best communications information available in order to make vital decisions for tomorrow - new
technologies, products and services must pay off immediately. TRA specializes in communications and networking
knowledge-based training. To each of our courses, we bring the latest information available on communications and
networking technologies.
Practical Knowledge
TRA's best-of-the-industry subject matter experts develop and teach TRA's distinguished courses. Each of our experts
has practical experience averaging over twenty years in the design, development, implementation and evaluation of realworld applications and networks. Our instructors / SME's were instrumental in the development of the telecommunications
and/or networking technologies they teach and support; many hold patents. As a whole, they are distinctively expert in a
wide range of technology topics, including voice, data and video services delivered over wired, wireless or fiber networks,
protocols; signaling over traditional and emerging networks; Quality of Service and Service Level Agreements;
interworking across emerging networks and with PSTN, as well as topics of recent high interest including IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS), Broadband Wireless (WiMAX, 1xEV-DO), IPv6, SIP, Ethernet in Public Networks, Optical Transport
Networks, LTE , 3G and 4G technologies, Wireless Backhaul, and Security. Each instructor excels in simplifying complex
communications technologies into understandable and retainable knowledge units. They continually research their
specific area of expertise, and apply newly discovered information to TRA's best-in-class courses. TRA SME's frequently
consult and/or teach for Fortune 500 companies, government agencies, service providers and equipment manufacturers.
TRA's instructor's practical experience in the classroom allows students to acquire and retain more focused content
knowledge that directly applies to the industry.
Best-in-Class Content
TRA Instructor- led courses are renowned for setting the industry standard and provide outstanding value. Our e-Topics
are full of tightly focused technology content. Students experience hundreds of full-color custom graphics comprised of
clearly defined images that explain complex relationships and technologies. TRA e-Topics are designed to support and
interrelate with each other so students can build their knowledge level and career path from one e-Topic to the next. We
are known for our custom blended learning approaches in delivery of our training solutions. TRA delivers Instructor-Led
Training onsite at selected or corporate locations. TRA offers state-of-the-art e-Learning (available as CD-based or webbased), virtual classroom sessions, targeted assessments, instructor-led, or a combination of these. TRA training options
allows for the provision of learning solutions that target specific training needs while accommodating diverse schedules
and delivery requirements.
Keeping Pace with Change
In similar fashion to technological changes, TRA's training content is an evolution. TRA's courses are reviewed annually to
determine whether significant technology changes occurred that would affect our corresponding instructor-led training
(ILT) content, and if so, the ILT and e-Learning training (ELT) content are refreshed to realign. The diversity of TRA's
customers enables us to continually evolve our content in both ILT and ELT formats and continuous development of best
practices based on practical real-world experience.
What's NEW for 2012?
TRA is currently developing new content for both instructor-led and e-Learning courses for 2012. Below is a listing of
courses that are currently under development for 2012.
e-Learning currently being developed for 2012
Understanding Cloud Computing
Understanding Smart Grid: Transmission and Distribution Networks
Understanding Smart Grid: Distributed Energy Resources and the Customer Interface
Understanding Mobile Security
Understanding Cyber Security
Understanding VDSL2
Understanding LTE Advanced
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Instructor-led courses currently being developed for 2012
Understanding Cloud Computing
Understanding LTE for Public Safety
Understanding Smart Grid
Understanding Wireless Backhaul
Understanding LTE Advanced
TRA continued our "keeping pace with change" client commitment in 2010 by providing new courses, both instructor - led
and e-Learning, on new technologies.
New e-Learning for 2011
WIR341: UMTS Evolution to HSPA and HSPA+
OPT120: Basics of Passive Optical Networks
OPT221: Understanding Next Generation PONs
WIR339: LTE Handover to 1xEV-DO
WIR145: Cellular Evolution from 3G to 4G: A Broad
Overview
WIR196: Understanding Synchronization for Wireless
Backhaul
WIR334: LTE and EPC Message Flows for Handover from
LTE to 3G UMTS
NET205: Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the
Telecommunications Industry - Part 1
NET206: Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the
Telecommunications Industry - Part 2
WIR195: Understanding Backhaul Media
WIR197: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul
WIR191: Understanding Wireless Backhaul
NET171: Introduction to Cloud Computing
NET172: Cloud Computing Architectures
WIR198: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul: Technical
Overview
WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for LTE, WiMAX,
and Wi-Fi
Also new in 2011 were the following instructor-led courses.
Understanding Carrier Network Evolution
Understanding Communications Convergence
Understanding IPv6
Understanding WiMAX / IEEE 802.16
Understanding Public Ethernet
Understanding LTE and SAE
Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks
Understanding 802 Wireless Standards
In addition, the following table highlights 2010 released e-Learning courses.
Understanding Communication Convergence
Understanding 3G Evolution to HSPA and LTE
Understanding Cellular and IEEE 802 Wireless Access Technologies
Understanding the Fundamentals of Radio: Analysis, Design and
Propagation
Understanding IPv6
Understanding LTE: Applications and Standards
Understanding LTE - 4 day Workshop
Understanding Satellite Communications: Earth Station Design and
Analysis
Understanding 802.11 ( Wi-Fi) Deployment
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Basics of Broadcast Video Technology
Understanding Wireless Network and Service Infrastructure
Understanding Network Transport Technologies and
Services
Understanding 3G and 4G Radio Technologies
Understanding LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution
Understanding LTE: Design and Deployment
Understanding WiMAX - 4 day Workshop
Understanding CDMA2000 Evolution to HSPA and LTE
Curriculum
All courses are offered through TRA's custom Curricula. Individual curriculums include: Network Fundamentals, Core
Networks, Wireless Networks, Broadband Networks, IP Networks, Converged Networks and Emerging Technologies.
Courses within the Network Fundamentals Curriculum are foundational courses within the other Curriculums. Courses
within the Core Network Curriculum represent technologies found within traditional communications networks. Wireless,
Broadband, and IP Networks courses explain technologies and networks that enhance, augment, or overlay traditional
communications networks. The Converged Networks Curriculum presents the technologies that support the delivery of
voice, data, and video services. With technologies constantly changing, the best of the most current updates are
presented in TRA's Emerging Technologies Curriculum.
Summary
TRA's variety of delivery formats, along with hundreds of technology content titles, means easy access to best-in-class
training that matches your learning needs. If you don't find what you're looking for, just ask your TRA representative.
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
TRA e-Learning Library
Easy to access and less expensive than traditional classroom learning, TRA's e-Learning Library is like having a virtual
campus on the desktop! Students can eliminate travel, schedule study time whenever it's most convenient, and progress
at their own pace - reviewing or accelerating through material as desired, making it one of the most efficient ways to stay
current on the leading-edge competencies in the students' career area.
Developed and produced by TRA's renowned communications experts, each e-Topic focuses on a single
technology/concept and is inspiring, pleasantly engaging, interactive, and media rich comprised of audio, pictures,
graphics, animations, course slides with full lecture transcript, and an electronic glossary with in-depth explanations so
students retain more. TRA's e-Learning typically corresponds to the content in TRA's popular instructor- led (ILT) courses.
Many students find taking a corresponding e-Topic or e-Digest to be a good way to prepare for an upcoming instructorled class or to follow-up after attending a class.
TRA's e-Topics were designed for students who have an understanding of what they are looking for, and want the latest
details now - quick and easy. Each e-Topic is concise, to the point, just the right depth, and available anywhere. Students
learn at their own pace and location. TRA offers over 220 e-Topics.
TRA's e-Digest were designed for students who would like a more comprehensive training package including all of the eTopics that are directly related and interdependent. Offering a more formalized approach to e-Learning, each fully
integrated e-Digest steps students through the various topics in a highly organized manner. Students are guided through
the inter-relationships of technologies, network elements, applications, issues and resolutions. Students can easily
perform look-backs and look-forwards through course content using easy-to-use, built-in indexing.
TRA's e-Topics are packaged into our e-Digest, over 50 to choose from. Companies can purchase e-Topics separately or
in pre-defined packages of e-Digests. For even more comprehensive packages, companies can purchase pre-defined
packages of e-Digests, known as e-Curricula, including Network Fundamentals, Wireless Networks, Broadband Networks,
IP Networks, Core Networks, or Emerging Technologies. For access to any and all of the above, companies may
purchase the entire e-Topic Family Library, which contains all of TRA's e-Learning courses.
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Network Fundamentals Curriculum Overview
TRA's Network Fundamentals courses provide an introduction to a broad set of communications and networking topics
relative to voice, data and video movement over wired, wireless or fiber networks. Courses found within this curriculum
serve as pre-requisites for more advanced courses found within other TRA's Curricula and therefore may also be found
within their respective technology-specific curriculum. Fundamentals courses are well suited for new members to the
industry or those wanting to brush up "on the basics".
Network Fundamentals Curriculum e-Digests
Understanding Voice Communications: a Technical Introduction
Springfield: An Introduction to Telecommunications
Understanding the Basics of Home Office Networking
Understanding the Basics of SS7 and Network Control
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications
Understanding Access Technologies: An Overview
Understanding Basic WAN Technologies and Services
Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications
Understanding Radio Fundamentals
Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Voice Communications: a Technical Introduction™
Estimated Learning Time
15 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: TEL210
Description
This set of e-Topics provides an overview of voice communications, examining the core technologies making voice
transmission possible while providing an industry context. The courses explain how voice networks operate, the evolution
from analog to digital, and the transition from circuit to packet. Current industry structure, market motivations, and services
typically offered are discussed.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals new to the industry who
wish to understand the fundamentals of switching,
signaling or transmission. This course will enhance
students' ability to explain difficulty concepts and identify
and compare competitive technologies.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no
prerequisites for this title.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the fundamentals of switching,
transmission and signaling
 Identify the major components of telephony
networks
 Identify and compare competitive technologies
e-Digest Outline
TEL111: Telephony Network Basics
TEL213: Switching
 Key Components of a Telecommunications Network
 Switching System Types
 Numbering Plans
 Hierarchies and Routing
 Industry Structure
 Switching Technologies
TEL214: Network Control
 Network Services
TEL121: Speech Coding
 Signaling Overview
 Analog vs. Digital
 User-to-Network
 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
 Network-to-Network
 Quantization
 Private Network
 A-Law and Mu-Law
 Speech Compression
 DPCM and Adaptive DPCM
 Linear Predictive Coders
 Hybrid Coders
TEL122: Digital Transmission Hierarchies
 TDM and T1 Carrier
 Frame Formats
 North American Digital Hierarchy
 Line Coding
 European Digital Hierarchy
 Timing and Synchronization
 SONET/SDH
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Springfield: An Introduction to Telecommunications™
Estimated Learning Time
5 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: TEL101
Description
This set of e-Topics provides an overview of the technologies and capabilities of services offered in today's networks.
Course content introduces the telecommunications industry and its infrastructure. Topics include the basics of telephony,
including lines, trunks, and switches as well as fundamentals of call routing, transmission systems, and network control.
Students taking these courses will also learn how a customer's telecommunications infrastructure is implemented.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students looking for a solid foundation of the technologies
and services offered in today's telecommunications
networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no
prerequisites for this title.
e-Digest Outline
TEL102: Introduction to Telecommunications Switching
 Making a Local Call
 Making a Call through a DLCS
 Making a Call Between Two Switches
 A Tandem Switched Network
 Bypassing a Tandem Switch
 Calling Outside the Network
 Alternative Routing
TEL103: Introduction to Transmission Systems
 What is a Facility?
 Analog and Digital Signals
 Handling Multiple Calls
 Access with the Digital Hierarchy
 Access with ISDN
 Access with DSL
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the fundamentals of wireline and
wireless networks for both voice and data
applications
 Explain the basic components and operation of the
telecom network
 Use the language of the telecom industry to
explain key concepts
 Describe the roles of switching, transmission, and
signaling in providing telecom services
 Differentiate between the services offered by
different types of service providers
Introduction to Transmission Systems continued
 Access with a Cable Network
 Access with Wireless Systems
 Using SONET in a Backbone
 Unit Summary
TEL104: Introduction to Network Control
 Network Signaling for a Local Call
 Network Signaling through a PBX
 Making a Long Distance Call
 SS7 and Local Number Portability
TEL105: Basics of Small Office Home Office (SOHO)
Networking
 Voice and Data for a Small Office
 Voice for Business Settings
 Data for Large Businesses
 Using the Internet for Voice
 Unit Summary
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding the Basics of Home Office Networking™
Estimated Learning Time
5 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: BCN110
Description
This set of e-Topics will introduce a student to residential communications and highlight the variety of the technologies
consumers use for in home networking.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students needing to understand the basic options and
considerations for establishing a home network and its
connection to WAN.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL101: Springfield: An Introduction to
Telecommunications
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the alternative Business and Residential
WAN access technologies
 Understand the basic voice and data network
alternatives of the Small Office/Home Office
 Describe the architecture and challenges of Voice
over Internet Protocol
e-Digest Outline
WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless
CAT102: Alternative Access Technologies
 IEEE 802 Series of Wireless
 Digital Subscriber Line Option
o Overview of the IEEE 802 Standards
 Cable Architecture for Voice, Data, and Video
o Wireless Market Opportunities
Services
o Licensed and Unlicensed Frequency Bands
 Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks
 Interworking Among IEEE 802 Wireless Standards
 802.16 WiMAX Technology
o Coexistence
 Broadband over Powerlines
o IEEE 802 Working Group Activity
VOP219: Residential VoIP
o 802.21 Handoff Working Group
 Residential VoIP Services
DAT105: Business and Residential Access to WANs
 VoIP Challenges and Hurdles
 Business/Residential Access to WANs
 Access with DSL
 Access with a Cable Network
 Access with Wireless Systems
 Access with Dial-Up
 Access with ISDN
TEL105: Basics of Small Office Home Office (SOHO)
Networking
 1: Voice and Data for a Small Office
 2: Voice for Business Settings
 3: Data for Large Businesses
 4: Using the Internet for Voice
 Unit Summary
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding the Basics of SS7 and Network Control™
Estimated Learning Time
7 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: SIG110
Description
This set of e-Topics is designed to provide a student an overview of signaling, its evolution, and the core signaling
technologies making voice transmission possible. The courses explain how signaling is provided from a user to the
network and from network to network.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunication professionals with a desire to
understand the basics of SS7 and network control.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL101: Springfield: An Introduction to
Telecommunications
e-Digest Outline
SIG211: SS7 Basics
 Signaling Evolution
 Network Architecture
 Applications
TEL214: Network Control
 Signaling Overview
 User-to-Network
 Network-to-Network
 Private Network
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the architecture of the SS7 network
 Discuss how SS7 supports call control and network
bases services
 Differentiate the role of User-to-Network signaling
versus Network-to-Network signaling
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications™
Estimated Learning Time
13 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: DAT110
Description
This set of e-Topics is designed to provide the foundational knowledge required for understanding modern data networks.
Introductory information is provided, including technology definitions, so students with little or no technical knowledge will
easily understand data networking. In addition, the historical perspective necessary to understand how and why a
technology evolved to its present rate of acceptance is also provided. This set of courses serves as a foundation for
subsequent courses that explore more complex subjects relevant to data networking.
e-Digest is Designed for
Marketing or executive groups desiring more familiarity with
data communications equipment or professionals new to
the telecommunications and/or networking fields who are
unfamiliar with data communications equipment or data
transmission systems.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no
prerequisites for this title.
e-Digest Outline
DAT101: Basics of Data Concepts and Transmission
 Data
 Data Transmission
 Data Network Concepts
 Bandwidth and Multiplexing
DAT102: Layered Protocols
 TCP/IP and OSI Layering
 Layers 1, 2, and 3
DAT103: Characteristics of Packet Technology
 Switches and Routers
 Connection-oriented and Connectionless
 Quality of Service (QoS)
 Topologies of Packet Networks
 Management of Packet Networks
DAT104: Local Networks and LANs
 Peripheral Interconnection
 Local Area Networks and Components
 Switches and Routers
DAT105: Business and Residential Access to WANs
 Business/Residential Access to WANs
 Access with DSL
 Access with a Cable Network
 Access with Wireless Systems
 Access with Dial-Up
 Access with ISDN
12
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain the industry's need for data networks, how
they evolved, operate, and offer services
 Gain an understanding of modern techniques
 Make useful assessments of the current status and
identify probable future network composition
DAT106: WAN Core Technologies
 Frame Relay Introduction
 Frame Relay Service Parameters
 Virtual Circuits
 Congestion Management
 ATM Introduction
 ATM Deployment
 Cell Format
 SONET in a Backbone
DAT107: Overview of the Enterprise Data Network
 1970's: Mainframe Networks
 1980's: PCs and LANs
 1990's: Client/Server Architecture
 1990's: IP Networks
 802 Wired and Wireless Networks
NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet Protocols
 TCP/IP Definitions
 IP Addressing and Routing
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Access Technologies: An Overview™
Estimated Learning Time
3 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: CAT110
Description
This set of e-Topics describes a range of traditional and emerging residential and business network access technologies.
They also highlight emerging Fiber to the Premise (FTTP).
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals desiring to understand
the access technology alternatives deployed in our
networks today.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL101: Springfield: An Introduction to
Telecommunications
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the wired access architectures of DSL,
Cable architecture, Broadband over Powerline
 Describe the wireless access architectures of Wi-Fi
and WiMAX
 Describe the BPON Fiber-to-the-Premises
architecture and future directions of PONs
e-Digest Outline
CAT102: Alternative Access Technologies
 Digital Subscriber Line Option
 Cable Architecture for Voice, Data, and Video Services
 Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks
 802.16 WiMAX Technology
 Broadband over Powerlines
NET160: Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
 FTTP Basics
 FTTP Deployments
 Future of FTTP
13
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Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Basic WAN Technologies and Services™
Estimated Learning Time
6 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET300
Description
This set of e-Topics provide a student an overview of the technologies and capabilities of services deployed in today's
Wide Area Networks (WANs), specifically Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Synchronous Optical
Network (SONET), Ethernet, and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who desire to understand the dominant technical
options for WANs and the services that they support.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET111: VPN Overview and Classification
 NET150: Understanding MPLS
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
DAT106: WAN Core Technologies
 Frame Relay Introduction
 Frame Relay Service Parameters
 Virtual Circuits
 Congestion Management
 ATM Introduction
 ATM Deployment
 Cell Format
 SONET in a Backbone
NET311: Ethernet Evolution
 Why Ethernet?
 Rates and Functions
 Competitors
 Standards
 Naming Conventions
14
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to
describe the basic architecture and service parameters of:
 Frame Relay
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
 SONET
 Ethernet
 Multiprotocol Label Switching
NET155: MPLS WANs
 Multiprotocol Label Switching Concepts
 Optical Networking
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications™
Estimated Learning Time
8 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR110
Description
These e-Topics examine the current state of advanced digital wireless technologies including cellular radio and
technologies provided through the 802 Wireless Standards to support mobility applications. Contents include an overview
of the principles of radio and multiple access technologies such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code
Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Frequency reuse in cellular networks, cellular system architecture and operation, Third
Generation (3G) cellular technologies, high-speed wireless data and Internet access, Broadband Wireless Access, Fixed
and Mobile Wireless Access, WiMAX, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee Alliance® and
others are explained. With users' expectations seemingly insatiable for mobile applications, newcomers to the field and
experienced professionals will want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless contained within these courses.
e-Digest is Designed for
Newcomers to the field and experienced professionals who
want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless
communications.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no
prerequisites for this title.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the principles of cellular radio
 Appreciate the problems faced by cellular and
other radio-based service providers and how to
address
 Compare and contrast the multiple IEEE 802
technologies with cellular technology
 Discuss probable future directions
e-Digest Outline
WIR101: Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Energy and WIR103: Cellular Call Basics
Radio Transmission
 Basic Call Processing
 Electromagnetic Energy
 HLRs and VLRs
 Interference
 Authentication and Encryption
 Basic Radio System
 Detailed Call Scenario
WIR104: Cellular Access Technologies
 Fundamentals of Radio Propagation
 Transmission Lines, Antennas and Signal
 Multiple Access
Propagation
 TDMA
WIR102: Cellular Radio Basics
 GSM
 Frequency Re-Use
 CDMA
 Cell Architecture
WIR111: Introduction to 3G and Mobile Internet
WIR281: Overview 802 Wireless
 Packet Mode Services
 Overview of the IEEE 802 Standards
 Data Capabilities Before 3G
 Interworking Among IEEE 802 Wireless Standards
 What's Driving the Market?
 3G Evolution Scenario
 Challenges for 3G Mobile
15
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Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Radio Fundamentals™
Estimated Learning Time
14 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR130
Description
This set of e-Topics introduces the student on how wireless service, at its most basic level, relies on the transmission and
reception of signals by means of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves. In TRA’s e-Digest, Understanding Radio
Fundamentals, students build a foundational understanding of RF wireless concepts and infrastructure. Among the many
topics covered in this course are basic wireless terms, channel coding and modulation techniques, fundamentals of RF
transmission and reception, access techniques, and an introduction to shared-spectrum protocols, including Frequency
Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). We
also expand on those concepts with a specific focus on fixed wireless issues, including system level planning, site
planning, equipment installation, and proof-of-performance.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who need a baseline of wireless knowledge that
is crucial to anyone wanting to deepen their understanding
of wireless technology, especially as it applies to fixed
wireless solutions.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
e-Digest Outline
WIR131: An Introduction to Radio Fundamentals
 Introduction to RF
WIR132: Channel Coding and RF Modulation
Techniques
 Channel Coding
 RF Modulation
WIR133: RF Transmission and Reception
 Transmission Line Definitions
 Transmission Lines
 Antennas
 RF Signal Propagation
 Key RF Parameters
WIR134: Access Techniques
 Fixed Wireless Systems
 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
 Multiple Access Techniques
WIR135: Microwave Site Selection and Planning
 Picking the Site
 Link Reliability
 Repeaters
WIR136: Frequency Selection and RF Interference
 The RF Problem
 The RF Solution
16
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of the course the student should be able
to:
 Understand shared-spectrum protocols, including
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time
Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and Code
Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
WIR137: Link Budget Analysis
 Line of Sight (LOS) Link
 Non-LOS Link
WIR138: Installation and Proof of Performance
 Installation and Proof of Performance
WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for LTE,
WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 Why OFDM/OFDMA
 Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM Multicarrier
 How the DFT/FFT make OFDM Implementable
 What's Orthogonal about OFDM?
 Major Characteristics of OFDM and OFDMA as
used in LTE, Mobile WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 What's Different about OFDMA?
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul™
Estimated Learning Time
10 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR190
Description
This e-Digest provides an overview of wireless backhaul and how it is evolving. It examines the current backhaul
infrastructure, the key players who provide it and the technologies they use. A critical issue for backhaul is the physical
media that is extended to the tower and we explore the relative capabilities, benefits and limitations of copper, microwave
and fiber based backhaul. We also describe the use of Ethernet for traffic aggregation and the services and capabilities
that have been defined to allow Ethernet to support traditional TDM as well as packet based services.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunication professionals looking for an overview
of the technologies involved with wireless backhaul.
Suggested Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a
Technical Introduction™
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications™
e-Digest Outline
WIR194: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Backhaul
 Industry Overview
 Backhaul Evolution
WIR195: Understanding Backhaul Media
 Copper Based Backhaul
 Microwave Based Backhaul
 Fiber-Based Backhaul
WIR196: Understanding Synchronization
for Wireless Backhaul
 Overview of Synchronization for Wireless
Backhaul Synchronization for Wireless Backhaul
 TDM and GPS
 Synchronous Ethernet
 IEEE 1588v2
 Summary
17
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of these course, students should be able
to:
 Describe the current backhaul infrastructure
 Describe Ethernet role in backhaul
 Explain the difference in backhaul media types
WIR197: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul
 Ethernet Lines, LANs and Trees
 Pseudowires and Circuit Emulation
 Service Classes
WIR198: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul: Technical
Overview
 Overview
 Services and Service Classes
 Bandwidth Management
 TDM Support
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Core Networks Curriculum
Core Networks Curriculum Overview
The worlds of voice communications and data communications have traditionally been very separate - different
networks, different services, and different technologies. That is changing as voice and data converge at all levels.
Today, networks are designed to carry voice, data and video media resulting in exciting new and innovative mixed
media services. Critical to all of this are the underlying core technologies critical to the evolution and convergence of
mixed media in communications networks. Providing a thorough coverage of switching and signaling technologies
found within the core of carriers' networks, courses within this curriculum address signaling, backbone transport
protocols, voice over circuit and ATM networks, Quality of Service, and how carrier networks are evolving. Students
gain practical knowledge by taking the courses found within TRA's Core Networks curriculum. Courses found in other
curricula augment and/or overlay on the networks explained in Core Networks' courses.
Core Networks Curriculum e-Digests
Understanding Voice Communications: a Technical Introduction
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VoIP
Understanding ISDN
Understanding Quality of Service
Understanding Transmission in Telecommunications Networks
Understanding WAN Core Technologies
Understanding Softswitch Architecture and Evolution
18
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Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VoIP™
Estimated Learning Time
13 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: SIG210
Description
This set of e-Topics provides a detailed tutorial on SS7 describing its use, application within emerging networks, and
support for new services. Even as wireless and VoIP networks evolve, SS7 and IN are expected to continue providing the
foundation for new services within the traditional Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). This set of courses
explains how SS7 is emerging as a common thread tying together different networks, enabling access to service logic and
subscriber data, and providing consistent service to the end user.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunication professionals looking for a solid
understanding of the SS7 network and its protocols and
how they are being used for emerging Wireless and IP
networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a
Technical Introduction
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
SIG211: SS7 Basics
 Signaling Evolution
 Network Architecture
 Applications
SIG212: Intelligent Network Architectural Overview
 IN Definitions and Motivations
 Advanced IN Architecture
 Services at a Glance
SIG213: SS7 Protocols: MTP and ISUP
 Protocol Architecture
 Message Transfer Part
 ISDN User Part
SIG214: SS7 Protocols: SCCP and TCAP
 SS7 Protocol: SCCP
 Transaction Capabilities
SIG215: SS7 for Wireless and Voice over IP
 Mobile Applications Part
 Wireless Roaming
 Call Control for VoIP
 Evolution of SS7 for VoIP
19
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of these course, students should be able
to:
 Describe the design of the SS7 network and
protocol
 Describe how each SS7 protocol layer supports
services across different types networks
 Explain how SS7 controls and manages calls in a
circuit switched environment
SIG216: AIN Call Model, Messaging, and Triggers
 AIN Call Model
 AIN Messages and Triggers
 Service Examples
SIG217: Alternative IN Models: ITU, Wireless, and VoIP
 ITU Intelligent Networks
 Wireless IN
 IN and VoIP
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding ISDN™
Estimated Learning Time
15 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET280
Description
This set of e-Topics reviews the important underlying concepts and technologies that contribute to ISDN's versatility.
Having the vision to provide a blueprint for end-to-end digital services based on the availability of digital transmission and
CCS, the concept of ISDN was introduced in the late 1970s and deployment began in the mid-1980s. ISDN defines
interfaces, services, digital access, and a sophisticated CCS protocol, so end-users can take advantage of the power of
the network. Today, for most people, ISDN is primarily a method of gaining access to the network. This set of courses
explains these and reviews the important underlying concepts and technologies contributing to ISDN's versatility.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students seeking network solutions for delivering voice,
data and video services on a single network.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a
Technical Introduction
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
NET281: ISDN Definitions and Applications
 ISDN Interfaces and Applications
 Traditional Applications and Services
 Current Applications and Services
 Supplementals
NET282: ISDN Standards Bodies
 ITU-T Structure
NET283: ISDN Model and CPE
 ISDN Definitions
 ISDN Implementations
NET284: ISDN Layer 3 Protocols
 Q.931 and Q.932
 Setting Up an ISDN Call
 How to Invoke Services
 What is SS7?
 Why CCS?
 Installation Requirements
 What is X.25?
 Supplementals
20
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand ISDN functionality
 Identify ISDN-based applications
 Discuss the technical issues associated with
implementing ISDN-based applications
NET285: Layer 2 ISDN Standards
 Q.921 LAPD
 Multilink PPP
 BONDING
NET286: ISDN Physical Layer (Layer 1) Standards
 Basic Rate S/T Interface
 I.430 Basic Rate Interface
 ANSI U BRI
 Carrier for ISDN PRI
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Quality of Service™
Estimated Learning Time
10 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET250
Description
This set of e-Topics describes mechanisms for providing Quality of Service (QoS), including techniques for managing
queues in network equipment. QoS capabilities of wired and wireless Ethernet, IP, ATM, and MPLS are explained in a
clear and concise manner. With the ever increasing volumes of real-time traffic migrating to packet network, students
won't want to miss understanding how the provision of QoS has become crucial to meeting the needs of customers, and
how Service Level Agreements are increasingly incorporating stringent QoS specifications.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals looking for a solid
understanding of QoS mechanisms and the business goals
for successful QoS deployments.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
NET156: QoS Overview
 What Is QoS?
NET157: QoS Concepts and Mechanisms
 Circuit and Packet QoS
 QoS Mechanisms
NET251: Active Queue Management for QoS
 First In/Out Queue
 Multi-Priority Queues
 Weighted Fair Queuing
 Random Early Detection
 Weighted RED
 Bandwidth Management
NET252: QoS using Application and Transport Layer
Techniques
 QOS Protocol Blueprint
 Layer 4 Port Numbers
 TCP QoS Controls
 UDP QoS Controls
 RTP / RTCP Protocol
NET253: Basic IP QoS
 Internet Protocol
 TOS and Classification of Traffic
 IPv6 Traffic Class
 Routing Protocols and QoS
21
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Provide good insight into industry changes
 Describe the protocols that support real-time and
non real-time network traffic
 Discuss the problems facing QoS environments
NET254: Enhanced IP QoS: IntServ and DiffServ
 ISP Network Architecture
 IntServ
 DiffServ
NET255: QoS Beyond IP: Frame Relay, ATM, and MPLS
 WAN Data Link Protocols
 ATM Protocol and QoS
 MPLS Protocol
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Transmission in Telecommunications Networks™
Estimated Learning Time
9 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: TEL120
Description
This set of e-Topics provides the fundamental knowledge and skills required to understand and appreciate the capabilities
of today's transmission networks. The courses explain the basics of voice coding, speech compression, Time Division
Multiplexing (TDM), digital signal hierarchies, synchronization, loop design, and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). They also
explore the foundation on which future networks will be based.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals who want to understand
the fundamentals of transmission and compare competitive
transmission technologies.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL111: Telephony Network Basics
e-Digest Outline
TEL121: Speech Coding
 Analog vs. Digital
 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
 Quantization
 A-Law and Mu-Law
 Speech Compression
 DPCM and Adaptive DPCM
 Linear Predictive Coders
 Hybrid Coders
TEL122: Digital Transmission Hierarchies
 TDM and T1 Carrier
 Frame Formats
 North American Digital Hierarchy
 Line Coding
 European Digital Hierarchy
 Timing and Synchronization
 SONET/SDH
22
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Transmission in
Telecommunications Networks
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand and appreciate the capabilities of
today’s transmission networks
 Describe the current telecommunications network
transmission infrastructure, its capabilities and how
it has evolved
TEL123: Understanding Transmission Technologies for
T1 and DS3 Systems
 Transmission Technology
TEL124: Understanding Troubles and Testing for
T1/DS1 and DS3 Systems
 Troubles and Testing
TEL125: Telephone Access Loops and Impairments
 Issues and Definitions
 Analog and Digital
 Loops and Loop Impairment
 Internet Access
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding WAN Core Technologies™
Estimated Learning Time
17 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WAN210
Description
This set of e-Topics describes the important underlying technologies and their functions used in support of Wide Area
Networks (WANs). Technologies highlighted included, Frame Relay, ATM, Ethernet, IP, and MPLS. The courses explain
the importance of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) for interconnecting sites within a corporation and how security is
provided.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals looking for a solid
understanding of the technologies deployed in the core of
today's networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
DAT106: WAN Core Technologies
 Frame Relay Introduction
 Frame Relay Service Parameters
 Virtual Circuits
 Congestion Management
 ATM Introduction
 ATM Deployment
 Cell Format
 SONET in a Backbone
NET111: VPN Overview and Classification
 VPN Definition
 VPN Service Architecture
 VPN Technical Architecture
NET114: Virtual Private Network Implementation
Options
 Outsourcing the Enterprise Network
 VPN Solutions
 Additional Cost Components
 Implementing the VPN
NET155: MPLS WANs
 Multiprotocol Label Switching Concepts
 Optical Networking
23
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the architecture and benefits of core
WAN technologies including Frame Relay, ATM,
MPLS, and Ethernet
 Discuss the technical and service architectures of
VPNs, and describe their implementation options
NET311: Ethernet Evolution
 Why Ethernet?
 Rates and Functions
 Competitors
 Standards
 Naming Conventions
NET314: Metropolitan Ethernet Networks
 Basic Services
 Service Attributes
 Bandwidth Profiles
 Network Architectures
 Ongoing Issues
NET315: Ethernet Access and TDM Transport
 PPP and MLPPP
 Ethernet over DS1 and DS3
 Ethernet in the First Mile
 Ethernet over SONET SDH
 Generic Framing Procedure
 Virtual Concatenation
 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
NET141: Basics of Frame Relay
 Frame Relay Introduction
 Frame Relay Service Parameters
 Virtual Circuits
 Congestion Management
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Softswitch Architecture and Evolution™
Estimated Learning Time
6 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: VOP220
Description
Softswitches are generally employed to allow traditional circuit switched networks to migrate to or interconnect with Voice
over IP networks. However, Softswitches have a variety of capabilities and are deployed in different network architectures.
This set of e-Topics provides a review of the market drivers resulting in the demand growth of Softswitches, describes the
elements comprising a Softswitch and their functions, and details the different protocols supporting the internal workings
of a Softswitch and interconnecting with other networks. It also defines the basic Softswitch architecture, how
Softswitches are configured within a network deployment challenges for service providers, and introduces the new
network elements and capabilities being defined and deployed as an extension and evolution of traditional Softswitches.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who are involved in migration from circuit
networks to VoIP networks and require knowledge of
Softswitches.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch Basics
 VoIP in Carrier Networks
 VoIP Enterprise Networks
 Residential VoIP Services
 VoIP Challenges and Hurdles
 Softswitches
VOP222: Softswitch Motivations and Architecture
 Deploying Softswitches
 Softswitch Architecture
 Implementing Softswitches
24
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student should
understand:
 The motivation for deploying Softswitches
 Softswitch system and network architectures
 Protocols employed
 How Softswitches are deployed
VOP223: Softswitch Protocols
 Softswitch Control Protocols
 Softswitch Interworking Protocols
VOP224: Softswitch Extensions and Evolution
 Session Border Control
 Application Servers and Media Servers
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Broadband Networks Curriculum
Broadband Networks Curriculum Overview
User's insatiable appetite for higher and higher bandwidth never wanes. To keep pace, broadband technologies are
required. TRA's Broadband Networks curriculum provides courses that explain the switching and transmission
technologies used by service providers offering broadband services. Courses within this curriculum describe Digital
Subscriber Line, public Ethernets, Frame Relay, SONET/SDH, Optical systems, the merger of IP and optical and
broadband applications such as Video on Demand. Students gain practical knowledge by taking the courses found
within TRA's Broadband Networks curriculum.
Broadband Networks Curriculum e-Digests
Understanding the Basics of Video Broadcasting
Understanding DSL
Understanding Frame Relay
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding Public Ethernet
Understanding Optical Networks
Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies
Understanding the Basics of SONET
Understanding Access Technologies
Understanding ATM
Understanding Advanced ATM
Understanding MPLS VPNs
Understanding the Basics of IPTV
25
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding the Basics of Video Broadcasting™
Estimated Learning Time
29 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: VID100
Description
This collection of e-Topics provides a high level explanation of how television works and the architectures commonly used
to distribute TV programming. The courses describe how designers use the properties of human visual perception to
engineer the TV to provide moving pictures; the distribution methods of broadcast, cable, satellite, Broadband Passive
Optical Network Fiber to the Premises (BPON) and Internet to deliver TV signals; and Digital and High Definition TV with
emphasis on digital compression and US deployment status.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who want an introduction to the underlying
technology used to deliver broadcast video services. We
cover the architecture of each of the major industry
segments.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no
prerequisites for this title.
e-Digest Outline
VID102: Video Basics
 Properties of Human Vision
 TV-Video Fundamentals
 NTSC Signal
 Digital Video (DV)
 Consumer Tips
VID103: Video Compression Basics
 Compression Tools
 Video Coding Standards
VID105: Video on Demand and IPTV Basics
 Video On Demand (VOD)
 Internet Protocol TV (IPTV)
VID121: Video on Demand Networks
 Circuit Based Video On Demand
 IPTV
 Summary
VID107: Cable and Satellite TV Basics
 Cable TV
 Fiber to the Premises TV
 Satellite TV
 Benefits and Drawbacks
26
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
At the end of this course students should be able to:
 Describe the relationship between NTSC, SDTV,
ATSC and HDTV signals
 Discuss the relative strengths of Cable TV,
Satellite TV and Telco TV
 Explain the role of IPTV in the future of video
services delivery
VID131: Video Services and Network Architecture
 Modern Hybrid Fiber Coax Cable TV Architecture
and Triple Play Services
 Modern Satellite TV Architectures and Services
 Modern Fiber to the Premises FTTP-based
Architecture and Services
 Internet Protocol TV Architecture and Services
 Strengths and Weaknesses of Alternative Video
Architectures
VID111: Broadcast Video Networks
 The Analog TV
 Digital SDTV
 High Definition TV
VID104: Video Coding and Transport
 Video Applications and Commercial Services
 Coding Generics
 Coding Specifics of H.264/MPEG-4-AVC
 Transport of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
 RTP Transport
NET261: TelcoTV - IPTV Technology Overview
 Introduction
 Network Architecture
 xDSL Access
 Service Providers
 Quality of Experience
 Service Availability
 Lost Packets
 Bandwidth Management
 Channel Change Time
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TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding DSL™
Estimated Learning Time
15 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET230
Description
DSL attracts more subscribers than cable modems for high-speed access to the Internet in every area of the world except
North America, while other digital subscriber line variants are demanding attention as replacements for business private
lines, and delivering digital video programming. This collection of e-Topics addresses the practical issues of DSL; where
the bytes are put into frames, how the bits are sent; and how to test, ensure performance, and guarantee that the
performance is actually delivered on a copper loop. The topics within this set of courses explain the strengths and
weaknesses of DSL variants, where DSL is being deployed, and how to determine who gets DSL and why, in order to
simplify the complexity of DSL variants service providers can deploy. In addition to the fundamentals of ADSL, HDSL and
SDSL, new approved standards service such as G.SHDSL for symmetrical high-speed service, the latest developments in
VDSL - the high-speed video capable technology, and new generation DSLAMs are provided.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students seeking fundamental knowledge of how the
technology works and the potential.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a
Technical Introduction
e-Digest Outline
DAT105: Business and Residential Access to WANs
 Business/Residential Access to WANs
 Access with DSL
 Access with a Cable Network
 Access with Wireless Systems
 Access with Dial-Up
 Access with ISDN
TEL125: Telephone Access Loops and Impairments
 Issues and Definitions
 Analog and Digital
 Loops and Loop Impairment
 Internet Access
NET131: ADSL Basics
 ADSL Definition/Applications
 ADSL Technology
NET232: ADSL Deployment
 ADSL Deployment
 Splitters, Filters, G.Lite
 Deployment and Issues
NET233: DSL Higher Layer Protocols
 Distribution Modes
 Selected Protocol Options
27
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Digital Subscriber Lines
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain DSL from a technical perspective
 Understand how the varying forms serve the
market
 Describe ways to deploy
NET234: DSL: Voice, Video, and QoS
 Quality of Service
 Video over DSL
 Voice over DSL
NET235: ADSL Overhead
 ADSL Overhead
 ADSL Standards
NET236: DSL Performance
 Outside/Inside Wire Specs
 Crosstalk
 Testing ADSL
NET237: High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL)
 HDSL/HDSL2
NET238: Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)
 Symmetric DSL
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TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Frame Relay™
Estimated Learning Time
7 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET240
Description
This collection of e-Topics addresses the implementation of Frame Relay in carrier networks. The course is designed to
meet the needs of equipment manufacturers, end users, and carriers. It encompasses everything from the business
aspects to the technical aspects of Frame Relay making it suitable for applications engineers, sales and marketing
personnel, planners and purchasing agents, end-user management, network operations personnel, and consultants.
Students will gain a better appreciation for the roles of those involved in Frame Relay sales, deployment, and use by
taking these courses.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students seeking to understand the business and technical
aspects of frame relay use and deployment.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a
Technical Introduction
e-Digest Outline
NET141: Basics of Frame Relay
 Frame Relay Introduction
 Frame Relay Service Parameters
 Virtual Circuits
 Congestion Management
NET242: Inside the Frame Relay Protocol
 Frame Relay Terminology
 UNI, NNI, and LMI
 FR Frame Format
 PVC/SVC Operation
 Congestion Handling
NET243: Frame Relay Customer Perspective
 Intro to Network Management
 SNMP
 End-to-End Network Management
28
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe concepts behind how FR operates,
equipment used and how interoperability is
provided
 Explain the end-to-end FR connection
 Discuss profitable and non profitable FR
applications
NET244: Frame Relay Implementation
 Backbone Options
 Access and Applications
NET245: Engineering a Frame Relay Solution
 Carrier Selection
 FR Implementation
NET246: Frame Relay Service Configuration and
Trouble Shooting
 Interface Issues
 Troubleshooting
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Understanding Public Ethernet™
Estimated Learning Time
19 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET310
Description
Analysts estimate that more than 98% of all data transmissions start and end on an Ethernet connection. Although, once
limited to application use within a business facility, Ethernet is now used in metropolitan and even wide area networks.
This set of e-Topics provides a basic introduction to Public Ethernet, and the requirements for efficient operation.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students interested in understanding how the most
common interface in data communications is being
deployed for use within carrier networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
NET311: Ethernet Evolution
 Why Ethernet?
 Rates and Functions
 Competitors
 Standards
 Naming Conventions
NET312: Ethernet Protocols
 Media Access Control
 Frame Structure
 Full-Duplex Operations
 Flow Control
 Auto Negotiation
 Virtual LANs
 Class of Service
 Link Aggregation
 Gigabit Ethernet
 10 Gigabit Ethernet
 Physical Layer Structure
NET313: Ethernet Networks
 Bridging Switching
 Spanning Tree
 Rapid Spanning Tree
 Routed Networks
NET314: Metropolitan Ethernet Networks
 Basic Services
 Service Attributes
29
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Public Ethernet
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the evolution of Ethernet and the
changes that have allowed it to be extended to the
public network
 Compare and contrast the alternatives for offering
public Ethernet services including raw Ethernet,
Ethernet over SONET/SDH, Resilient Packet Ring,
and Ethernet over MPLS
Metropolitan Ethernet Networks continued
 Bandwidth Profiles
 Network Architectures
 Ongoing Issues
NET315: Ethernet Access and TDM Transport
 PPP and MLPPP
 Ethernet over DS1 and DS3
 Ethernet in the First Mile
 Ethernet over SONET SDH
 Generic Framing Procedure
 Virtual Concatenation
 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
NET316: Resilient Packet Ring
 Overview
 Transport Options
 Frame Structure
 Traffic Handling
 Protection
NET317: Ethernet over MPLS
 MPLS Refresher
 MPLS VPN Network Elements
 Virtual Private Wire Service
 Virtual Private LAN Service
 Scalability and Hybrid Networks
 IP-only LAN service
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TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Optical Networks™
Estimated Learning Time
23 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: OPT220
Description
This set of e-Topics introduces the basic terminology, concepts, capabilities, and issues associated with the optical
revolution. Course content includes an introduction to optical networking, the basics of optics, and DWDM essentials. Key
jargon, the `gee whiz,' the motivations, the technology, the ugly truths, and some of the ongoing challenges of optical
networks are described. Communications industry professionals having little or no background in optics or optical
networking but desire an intermediate-level understanding will find these courses well suited.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who have a need for an intermediate level of
understanding of optical networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
OPT201: Optical Basics
 Nature of Light
 Transmitters/Receivers
 Optical Fiber
 Dispersion
 Nonlinear Effects
OPT101: SONET/SDH Basics
 Optical Fiber
 Transmission Hierarchies
 Standard Optical Interfaces
 High Bandwidth Transp.
 Super-Rate Channels
 Virtual Tributaries
 SONET/SDH Apps/Products
OPT202: DWDM Essentials
 A Brief History
 Components for DWDM
 Fiber Choices for DWDM
 Optical Amplifiers
 Dispersion Management
 Optical Switches
 Bandwidth Potential
30
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Optical Networks
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand basics terminology, directions,
potential and issues of optical networks
OPT211: Next Generation
OPT206: Reconfigurable Optical
SONET/SDH
Add-Drop Multiplexers (ROADM)
 Introduction
 Optical Networks and
Wavelength Division
 Virtual Concatenation
Multiplexing
 Link Capacity Adjustment
 Add-Drop Multiplexers and
Scheme
Cross-Connects
 Generic Framing Procedure
 ROADM Technologies
 Forward Error Correction
NET160: Fiber to the Premises
(FTTP)
 FTTP Basics
 FTTP Deployments
 Future of FTTP
OPT212: Understanding Passive
Optical Network (PON) Technologies
 PON Technology Overview
 ATM PONs and Broadband
PONs
 Gigabit PON
 Ethernet PON
 Next Generation PONs
 PON Comparisons
OPT205: Optical Transport Network,
OTN
 Electro-Optical Network
 All-Optical (Photonic) Network
 Optical Networking Summary
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
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Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies™
Estimated Learning Time
32 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: EBT201
Description
Users' insatiable demand for increasingly higher bandwidth repeatedly provides challenges and opportunities for service
providers. As a result, a variety of technologies and system implementations are being deployed providing many different
service offerings. This set of e-Topics presents the technologies most able to meet the demands, including Fiber to the
Premises (FTTP), next generation SONET/SDH, DWDM, Ethernet, 802 broadband technologies, and emerging
broadband cellular such as 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who want an in-depth overview of the
technologies used to meet the demands for ever-increasing
bandwidth in communications networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
 OPT220: Understanding Optical Networks
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
At the end of this course students should be able to:
 Compare broadband access technologies such as
FTTP, FTTN, xDSL, Hybrid Fiber-Coax and
Wireless
 Describe optical core technologies such as DWDM
and ROADM
 Discuss broadband switching and routing based on
Ethernet, IP and MPLS
e-Digest Outline
CAT102: Alternative Access
Technologies
 Digital Subscriber Line Option
 Cable Architecture for Voice, Data,
and Video Services
 Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks
 802.16 WiMAX Technology
 Broadband over Powerlines
OPT211: Next Generation SONET/SDH
 Introduction
 Virtual Concatenation
 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
 Generic Framing Procedure
 Forward Error Correction
OPT212: Understanding Passive Optical
Network (PON) Technologies
 PON Technology Overview
 ATM PONs and Broadband PONs
 Gigabit PON
 Ethernet PON
 Next Generation PONs
 PON Comparisons
OPT202: DWDM Essentials
 A Brief History
 Components for DWDM
 Fiber Choices for DWDM
 Optical Amplifiers
 Dispersion Management
 Optical Switches
 Bandwidth Potential
31
OPT205: Optical Transport Network, OTN
 Electro-Optical Network
 All-Optical (Photonic) Network
 Optical Networking Summary
NET311: Ethernet Evolution
 Why Ethernet?
 Rates and Functions
 Competitors
 Standards
 Naming Conventions
NET314: Metropolitan Ethernet Networks
 Basic Services
 Service Attributes
 Bandwidth Profiles
 Network Architectures
 Ongoing Issues
OPT206: Reconfigurable Optical AddDrop Multiplexers (ROADM)
 Optical Networks and Wavelength
Division Multiplexing
 Add-Drop Multiplexers and CrossConnects
 ROADM Technologies
VID101: Broadcast Video Overview
 The TV Picture
 TV Distribution
 Digital TV
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
VID102: Video Basics
 Properties of Human Vision
 TV-Video Fundamentals
 NTSC Signal
 Digital Video (DV)
 Consumer Tips
1. 802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs
 802.16 Overview
 802.16 Fixed Broadband Wireless
Access
 802.16e Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access
 WiMAX Forum
2. 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless
Access
 Overview
 Physical Layer
3. 802.22 Wireless Regional Area
Network
 Overview
 License Exempt Status of 802.22
 Network Architecture
WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless
 1xEV-DO Overview and
Applications
 1xEV-DO Relevancy within
Cellular Evolution
 1xEV-DO System Architecture
 Achieving High Performance in
1xEV-DO
 1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM
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Understanding the Basics of SONET™
Estimated Learning Time
9 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: OPT110
Description
SONET and SDH are the global standards for optical telecommunications. They define the transport infrastructure for
telecommunications networks worldwide. This set of e-Topics introduces students to the SONET/SDH standard, the basic
terminology, concepts, capabilities, and associated issues.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who want to understand the basics of the optical
transmission system that provides the transport for both
public and private networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
OPT101: SONET/SDH Basics
 Optical Fiber
 Transmission Hierarchies
 Standard Optical Interfaces
 High Bandwidth Transp.
 Super-Rate Channels
 Virtual Tributaries
 SONET/SDH Apps/Products
OPT102: SONET/SDH Framing and Overhead
 SONET frame
 SONET Overhead
 Pointers in SONET
OPT103: SONET/SDH Topologies and Rings
 Review of SONET Basics
 Point-to-Point
 Rings
 ATM on SONET
32
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of SONET and
Optical Networking
Expected Outcomes
At the end of this course students should be able to:
 Describe SONET rates and formats
 Explain SONET protection schemes
 Identify SONET network elements
OPT211: Next Generation SONET/SDH
 Introduction
 Virtual Concatenation
 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
 Generic Framing Procedure
 Forward Error Correction
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TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Access Technologies™
Estimated Learning Time
9 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: CAT210
Description
Users' insatiable demand for increasingly higher bandwidth repeatedly provides challenges and opportunities for service
providers. As a result, a variety of technologies and system implementations are being deployed providing many different
service offerings to provide broadband access communications. This set of e-Topics presents the access technologies
most able to meet the demands, including Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) options, cable, fiber to the premises (FTTP),
802.11 Wi-Fi, 802.16 WiMAX, broadband over powerlines, and broadband access through emerging cellular technologies.
Students looking for a good overview of the myriad of technologies providing broadband access will want to review these
courses.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who want to understand the different type of
technology offerings to deploy broadband access
communications.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a
Technical Introduction
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
CAT102: Alternative Access Technologies
 Digital Subscriber Line Option
 Cable Architecture for Voice, Data, and Video
Services
 Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks
 802.16 WiMAX Technology
 Broadband over Powerlines
NET160: Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
 FTTP Basics
 FTTP Deployments
 Future of FTTP
TEL125: Telephone Access Loops and Impairments
 Issues and Definitions
 Analog and Digital
 Loops and Loop Impairment
 Internet Access
33
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the different technologies used to
deploy broadband communication access
 Explain the basic differences between broadband
access technologies
WIR144: Emerging Cellular Networks
 Evolution of the CDMA2000® and UMTS
Technology Family Standards
 Services Offered by State of the Art Cell phone
Carriers
 Potential new Cell phone services pioneered in
other countries
WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless
 1xEV-DO Overview and Applications
 1xEV-DO Relevancy within Cellular Evolution
 1xEV-DO System Architecture
 Achieving High Performance in 1xEV-DO
 1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM
WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless
 IEEE 802 Series of Wireless
o Overview of the IEEE 802 Standards
o Wireless Market Opportunities
o Licensed and Unlicensed Frequency Bands
 Interworking Among IEEE 802 Wireless Standards
o Coexistence
o IEEE 802 Working Group Activity
o 802.21 Handoff Working Group
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Understanding ATM™
Estimated Learning Time
9 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: ATM110
Description
This set of e-Topics provides an understanding of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) which may reside within the
access or backbone of a network. Although ATM isn't "visible" as a service to communications users, it is essential to the
provision of many other services. As a major technology for integrating voice, data, and video traffic on a single network, it
is important to understand where and how ATM is provisioned in support of voice, IP, DSL and Frame Relay services.
Since one of today's hot topics is voice migration, a significant portion of this set of courses is dedicated to explaining
Voice over ATM. This set of courses explains these and more.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals who wish to understand
current ATM technologies, where ATM is deployed in a
network, and the issues involved in migrating non-ATM
traffic to ATM.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
ATM102: ATM: A Business Perspective
 ATM: Business Benefits
 Broadband and B-ISDN
 ATM Implementation
 FR / IP Comparison
ATM103: ATM Standards and Interfaces
 Standards Organizations
 Physical Interfaces
 Functional Interfaces
ATM104: ATM Services Provided to Users
 Service Classes
 Adaptation Types
 Quality of Service
 Traffic Contract
 Drawing It All Together
 Security
34
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding ATM
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand and appreciate the basics of ATM
 Understand why ATM is considered so significant
to the communications industry as a solution for
many of the networking challenges in both the
access and backbone networks
ATM105: The ATM Protocol
 Congestion Issues
 OAM Support
 Misdelivered Cells
 UNI/NNI Cell Formats
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Understanding Advanced ATM™
Estimated Learning Time
8 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: ATM210
Description
This set of e-Topics goes beyond the basics of ATM technology providing students with a solid understanding of how ATM
is deployed in modern multi-technology networks. With a focus on the technical and engineering aspects of ATM, IP, and
Frame relay, this set of courses describes the equipment, services, and issues surrounding the implementation of ATM.
Associated business issues are also addressed.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals looking for a
comprehensive understanding of ATM, including the
technical, engineering, and business aspects of ATM, IP
and Frame Relay, and their role in today's networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 ATM110: Understanding ATM
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
ATM201: ATM for the Public Carrier Backbone
 Network Interworking
 ATM as a Frame Relay Backbone
 ATM as a Circuit Backbone
 ATM as an IP Backbone
ATM202: Public Carrier ATM Service Interworking
 ATM Service Interworking
ATM203: ATM over ADSL
 ATM Access Alternatives
 ATM ADSL Applications
 ATM over ADSL
 Protocol Layer Functions
ATM204: Video over ATM
 Business Drivers
 Video - how do we do it?
35
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Advanced ATM
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe how ATM works with other protocols
 Understand in-depth engineering complexities
 Identify equipment, services and associated issues
ATM205: Switching and Routing over ATM
 Routing vs. Switching
 LANs - ATM and Ethernet
 ATM LAN Emulation
 Classical IP/ATM
 Multiprotocol over ATM, MPOA
 Multiprotocol Label Switching, MPLS
 Comparing the Options
ATM206: PNNI: Private Network to Network Interface
 Private NNI Overview
 PNNI Routing
 PNNI Signaling
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Understanding MPLS VPNs™
Estimated Learning Time
7 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET159
Description
This set of e-Topics focuses on the MPLS Virtual Private Networking (VPN) applications using Border Gateway Protocol
(BGP). MPLS and BGP-based VPNs have emerged as high-growth areas for service providers and enterprise network
managers because MPLS enables a decoupling of IP addresses from the control architecture enabling improved
functionality, simplification, lowered costs, new levels of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), and additional levels of
security. This set of courses details MPLS procedures and processes, takes a step-by-step approach to standards, shows
how traffic engineering and Quality of Service (QoS) features of MPLS are leveraged with VPN flexible addressing and
security. Ultimately, these e-Topics dive deeply into the operational aspects of providing VPNs on MPLS-based networks
and exercise all the baseline knowledge from the Understanding MPLS course.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who want to understand the power of MPLS and
master the issues, terms, and requirements associated
with MPLS networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
e-Digest Outline
NET150: Overview of MPLS
 MPLS Overview
 MPLS Components
 MPLS Operation
 MPLS Label Distribution
 MPLS Applications
NET151: Why MPLS?
 Reduced Carrier Operation Costs
 ATM Backbone Scalability
 Quality of Service
 Traffic Engineering
 VPN Services
NET152: MPLS Architecture and Concepts
 Pushing, swapping, and Popping MPLS Labels
 MPLS VPN Architecture
 MPLS Tunneling
36
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding MPLS VPNs
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain why the implementation of MPLS and
BGP-based MPLS VPNs have emerged as highgrowth areas for service providers and enterprise
networks
 Understand how MPLS VPNs improve
functionality, simplify operational costs, and
improve network scalability for VPN services while
continuing to support security and Quality of
Service
 Understand the IETF standards for MPLS VPN
functions and processes
 Identify the routers and switches that enable MPLS
VPNs
MPLS Architecture and Concepts continued
 Label Distribution
NET153: Constraint-Based Routing in MPLS
 Brief Review of Routing and MPLS
 Constraint Based Routing
 Enhancing OSPF for MPLS
 Enhancing IS-IS for MPLS
 Fast Re-route in MPLS
NET154: Basic Setup and Operation of MPLS Layer3
VPNs
 MPLS VPN Setup and Operation
NET155: MPLS WANs
 Multiprotocol Label Switching Concepts
 Optical Networking
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Understanding the Basics of IPTV™
Estimated Learning Time
17 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: VID140
Description
Traditional telephone companies are adopting IPTV to deliver the video component of the voice/data/video triple play. This
course reviews the rationale for choosing IPTV, provides examples of the types of services that IPTV can support and
describes the network and access architectures typically used to deliver IPTV to the customer. Network design challenges
to deliver acceptable Quality of Experience are discussed and techniques to mitigate the effects of network impairments
such as lost packets are presented.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
e-Digest Outline
VID102: Video Basics
 Properties of Human Vision
 TV-Video Fundamentals
 NTSC Signal
 Digital Video (DV)
 Consumer Tips
VID103: Video Compression Basics
 Compression Tools
 Video Coding Standards
NET264: Multicast for IPTV
 Overview and Addressing
 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
 Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
NET261: TelcoTV - IPTV Technology Overview
 Introduction
 Network Architecture
 xDSL Access
 Service Providers
 Quality of Experience
 Service Availability
 Lost Packets
 Bandwidth Management
 Channel Change Time
37
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe how IPTV works with other protocols
 Understand IPTV network engineering
complexities
 Identify equipment, services and associated
issues
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Wireless Networks Curriculum
Wireless Networks Curriculum Overview
In today's increasingly mobile world, working from a fixed desktop device communicating by wires is no longer
acceptable. Professionals expect and demand the flexibility to work from any location. Students can learn about all
things wireless by taking the courses found in TRA's Wireless Networks curriculum. Courses within this curriculum
provide a broad and deep understanding of wireless by addressing the technology basics, terminology, evolution of
cellular networks to 4G, LTE, wireless 802.11 LANs, WiFi, WiMAX MANs, demand for wireless data, emerging
wireless standards, and interworking among wireless networks and with landline networks. Students will gain practical
knowledge by learning from the topics found within TRA's Wireless Networking courses.
Wireless Networks Curriculum e-Digests
Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul e-Digest Collection
Understanding CDMA
Understanding 802.11 Protocols and Procedures
Understanding GPRS
Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding Radio Fundamentals
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies
Understanding IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for All-IP Networks
Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless
Understanding Mobile Internet Access
Understanding GSM
Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure
Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies
Understanding UMTS
Understanding CDMA2000 and High-Speed Mobile Internet
Understanding WiMAX
Understanding LTE and SAE
Understanding Converged Communication
38
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Release 6.0
Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul™
Estimated Learning Time
10 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR190
Description
Wireless service providers are aggressively upgrading their backhaul networks to meet the surging growth in user traffic.
This electronic course provides an overview of the backhaul infrastructure and examines many of the technologies and
associated issues that service providers face as they migrate, their backhaul networks. We start with a primer on the
basics of backhaul, who provides it and how it has evolved. We then look at the options for backhaul media and discuss
the relative merits and limitations of copper, microwave and fiber backhaul. Next we examine the requirements for
synchronization in wireless networks and discuss the options for providing timing as the traditional T1 and E1 connections
are retired. Finally, we discuss why essentially all wireless service providers are evolving to the use of Ethernet for
backhaul and we examine the Ethernet services that can be used to provide backhaul, some of the issues that must be
addressed, such as bandwidth management, and the standards that have emerged for testing and maintaining Ethernet
services.
e-Digest is Designed for
Telecommunication professionals looking for an overview
of the technologies involved with wireless backhaul.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a
Technical Introduction
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR194: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Backhaul
 Industry Overview
 Backhaul Evolution
WIR195: Understanding Backhaul Media
 Copper Based Backhaul
 Microwave Based Backhaul
 Fiber-Based Backhaul
WIR196: Understanding Synchronization
for Wireless Backhaul
 Overview of Synchronization for Wireless
Backhaul Synchronization for Wireless Backhaul
 TDM and GPS
 Synchronous Ethernet
 IEEE 1588v2
 Summary
39
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
At the end of this course the student should be able to:
 Describe the infrastructure that is used to provide
wireless backhaul and how it has evolved through
the wireless technology generations
 Identify the relative merits and limitations of copper,
microwave and fiber-based physical media for
backhaul
 Explain why wireless networks need
synchronization and the options for providing it as
backhaul networks migrate from circuit-based to
packet-based
 Discuss why all service providers are migrating to
Ethernet-based backhaul and how Ethernet
services can be used to provide backhaul transport
WIR197: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul
 Ethernet Lines, LANs and Trees
 Pseudowires and Circuit Emulation
 Service Classes
WIR198: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul: Technical
Overview
 Overview
 Services and Service Classes
 Bandwidth Management
 TDM Support
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding CDMA™
Estimated Learning Time
10 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR230
Description
CDMA has taken the mobile wireless world by storm, become a major Second Generation (2G) technology and the
dominant technology choice for Third Generation (3G) systems. As a "spread spectrum" technology with robust
interference tolerance, CDMA has been used for point-to-point military communications for many years. Making the
technology suitable for cellular applications having many simultaneous users on the same frequency, required major
innovations. However, CDMA technology is very different from preceding cellular technologies and is counter-intuitive and
difficult to understand. This set of e-Topics builds new intuition that will enable you to understand CDMA concepts and
provides a foundation for understanding 2G TIA-95 CDMA cellular and its evolution to 3G.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students desiring an intuitive understanding of CDMA
concepts and the details of how CDMA is used in 2G
CDMA. Also students wanting a solid foundation for
understanding how CDMA is used in 3G W-CDMA/UMTS
and CDMA2000.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR231: CDMA Fundamentals
 A CDMA Analogy
 Major CDMA Characteristics
WIR232: CDMA: TIA-95: Beyond the Basics
 Forward Radio Link
 Reverse Radio Link
WIR233: Key CDMA Engineering Parameters
 CIR
 Eb/Io
 Capacity Formulas
 Handset Maximum Power
 Cell Loading
 Capacity and Coverage Limit
 Soft Handoff Parameters
40
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding CDMA
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Compare pseudo-random codes roles in CDMA
systems and how they offer enhanced capacity,
performance, call quality, and coverage, with other
cellular technologies
 Understand why CDMA technology has been
chosen for all major 3G standards
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding 802.11 Protocols and Procedures™
Estimated Learning Time
9 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR260
Description
This set of e-Topics provides an overview of Wi-Fi deployment in wireless LANs. In today's increasingly mobile world,
working from a fixed desktop device communicating by wires is no longer acceptable. Professionals expect and demand
the flexibility to work from any location. Through the use of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies, individuals
may simply and easily connect their devices of choice, and exchange information from nearly anywhere. These e-Topics
provide an overview of the principal 802.11 specifications, including 802.11b,g, and n, enabling an understanding of these
fast-growing technologies. Additionally, major alternative technologies used at the MAC and PHY layers and the
reasoning behind the major attributes of these technologies, are compared.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students interested in understanding 802.11 Wireless
LANs, their architecture, control, and radio aspects.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless LANs
 Overview of 802.11 Wireless LANs
 802.11 Physical Layers
 Connecting to an 802.11 Wireless LAN
 Security
WIR161: Overview of 802.11 Wireless LAN Operations
 Architecture Components
 Hidden Node Problems
 W-Fi Interoperability Testing
41
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding 802.11 Wireless LANs
Protocols and Procedures
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the fundamental concepts and
principles of operation for 802.11 Wireless LANs
 Describe how the Wi-Fi Medium Access Control
manages access and connections with a Wi-Fi Hub
 Discuss the evolution of the 802.11 Wi-Fi radio
technologies to OFDM
WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for LTE,
WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 Why OFDM/OFDMA?
 Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM Multicarrier
 How the DFT/FFT makes OFDM Implementable
 What's Orthogonal about OFDM?
 What's Different about OFDMA?
WIR261: Wi-Fi Medium Access Control
 Scanning, Authentication, Association
 Operational Scenarios
 Handling Contention
 MAC Frame Structure
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding GPRS™
Estimated Learning Time
6 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR220
Description
This set of e-Topics provides an understanding of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). To enable high-speed
access to IP-based services, GPRS was developed as a packet-switched extension of the Global System for Mobile
Communication (GSM) network. To support advanced mobile devices' access to the Internet and corporate Intranets,
GPRS provides efficient use of shared resources, volume-based charging, rather than airtime charging, allows "always
on" connections, and matches connections speeds to the needs of users and their applications. GPRS infrastructure (e.g.,
SGSNs and GGSNs) also serves as the foundation for the packet-switched domain of the Third Generation (3G)
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
e-Digest is Designed for
Students interested in acquiring an overview of GPRS
radio technology and network infrastructure and its
evolution.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 WIR120: Understanding GSM
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR123: Introduction to GPRS - Data over GSM
 Data over GSM
WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users
 Portability vs. Full Mobility
 Simple IP
 Security Issues
WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP Mobility
 The GPRS Solution for Mobility
 Security
 Enabling Mobility
42
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding GSM
 ILT: Understanding Mobile Internet Access
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain GPRS architecture, elements, and services
 List the major functions of SGSNs and GGSNs
 Identify the different steps in setting up a GPRS
data session
 Explain how GPRS tunnels handle IP mobility
 Summarize evolution paths
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™
Estimated Learning Time
25 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: EWT230
Description
Today, the megatrends of wireless communications and the Internet are revolutionizing voice and data communications.
Wireless technology has become ubiquitous for voice applications, and is becoming the access technology of choice for
data applications. As result, the development of new radio technologies and network elements that, offer new services
and service possibilities. This set of courses was designed with a focus on the major technologies that have been
deployed, as well as those likely to be deployed within the next one to three years; such as the two major 3G cellular
technologies, UMTS/W-CDMA and CDMA2000 and their evolution to 4G, as well as the 802 wireless technologies,
including WiMAX. While other courses provide in-depth coverage of major technology steps, this set of courses is
presented as a technology overview so students have a sense of the complex evolutionary paths in a simplified and
abbreviated format.
e-Digest is Designed for
Newcomers to the field and experienced professionals who
want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless
communications.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G
to 3G: A Broad Overview
 Cellular Evolution from 2G to
3G
 W-CDMA/UMTS
 CDMA2000® Evolution to 3G
 3G Evolution Summary
WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless
 IEEE 802 Series of Wireless
 Interworking Among IEEE 802
Wireless Standards
WIR201: FemtoCells: A Mobile
Network Operator Perspective
 Context
 Business Perspective
 Network Architecture
 Access
 Interference
 QoS and Performance
43
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand and appreciate some of the new
wireless technologies being deployed and those on
the horizon
 Gain insight on how these technologies are related
to each other, and their possible impact on the
overall wireless marketplace
WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless
LANs
 Overview of 802.11 Wireless
LANs
 802.11 Physical Layers
 Connecting to an 802.11
Wireless LAN
 Security
WIR283: Overview of 802.15 Personal
Area Networks
 Overview of Wireless Personal
Area Networks, WPANs
 802.15.1 Blue Tooth
 802.15.3 High Rate WPAN
 802.15.4 Low Power WPAN
WIR284: Overview of 802.xx
Broadband Wireless Access
 802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs
 802.20 Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access
 802.22 Wireless Regional Area
Network
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
WIR291: Intro to Broadband
Wireless and 802.16 WiMAX
 WiMAX and Broadband
Wireless Technologies
 WiMAX Market Opportunities
 Licensed and LicensedExempt Spectrum
 The WiMAX Forum
WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX Physical
Layer
 WiMAX Protocol Stack
 Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability
 Why OFDM?
 WiMAX 256 OFDM
Characteristics
 WiMAX Performance
WIR331: UMTS Evolution to
LTE/SAE
 UMTS Evolution of the Radio
Access Network (E-UTRAN)
 SAE Evolution of the Core
Network
 Architecture and Major
Protocols
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for All-IP Networks™
Estimated Learning Time
8 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR300
Description
The evolution to an All-IP network is underway and the blueprint is IMS. Although unfolding more rapidly in the wireless
arena, it is occurring in both wired and wireless networks. This set of courses describe how wireless networks are being
upgraded with 3G network elements, protocols, and call/session control procedures to accommodate multimedia
applications. The collection of e-Topics content explains how all traffic will use IP for transport, and how SIP (Session
Initiation Protocol), and SDP (Session Description Protocol) provide the new all-encompassing call and session control for
multimedia calls as well as call control for traditional voice calls and session control for simple data sessions such as web
browsing. The e-Digest also highlights the new functional network elements specified by standards bodies to enable the
evolution including Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs), Media Gateway Control Functions (MGCFs), Media
Gateways, (MGs), Breakout Gateway Control Functions (BGCFs), and more.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students seeking to understand the IMS All-IP network
evolution for delivering voice, data and video services on a
single network.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP
o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR301: IMS Primer
WIR302: IMS Architecture Network Elements
 3G Evolution to IMS
 IMS Functional Elements
 IMS Service Scenarios
 IMS and CDMA2000® Network Architecture
WIR304: IMS Intermediate-Level Message Flows
 REGISTER Scenario
 Mobile Origination to ISDN Multimedia Session
Scenario
 QOS Management Scenarios
 B2BUA Scenario for Session Forwarding
 IMS Presence Scenarios
44
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of these course, students should be able
to:
 Define the new IMS network functional elements
 Diagram how SIP, SDP, and MEGACO are used
 Explain the typical message flows for an IMS
multimedia session
 Discuss the potential for new services
WIR303: Detailed IMS Operational Scenarios
 Transitions to IMS
 SIP Modifications for IMS
 SIP Headers and Session Description Protocol
Parameters
 Detailed IMS Session Setup Example
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless™
Estimated Learning Time
26 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR280
Description
Analysts estimate that at least 45% of the workforce uses a mobile data device, such as a notebook or PDA, as a
productivity tool. This set of courses describes and contrast the different IEEE 802 Wireless technologies and standards.
For instance, the courses identify how the IEEE standards for 802.11 and 802.15.1 Bluetooth are being used for deploying
Wireless Local Area Networks, and Wireless Personal Area Networks, respectively. Technologies such as provided by
802.15.4 ZigBee for large sensor networks, and 802.16 WiMAX for fixed/portable and mobile broadband wireless access
and Metropolitan Area Networks are also explained. These courses provide an excellent overview for students wanting to
understand the 802 technologies and their applications.
e-Digest is Designed for
Forward-looking designers, product planners and network
operators who need a solid understanding of the existing
and emerging IEEE wireless standards.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless
 IEEE 802 Series of Wireless
 Interworking Among IEEE 802
Wireless Standards
WIR282: Overview of 802.11
Wireless LANs
 Overview of 802.11 Wireless
LANs
 802.11 Physical Layers
 Connecting to an 802.11
Wireless LAN
 Security
WIR161: Overview of 802.11
Wireless LAN Operations
 Architecture Components
 Hidden Node Problems
 W-Fi Interoperability Testing
WIR261: Wi-Fi Medium Access
Control
 Scanning, Authentication,
Association
 Operational Scenarios
 Handling Contention
 MAC Frame Structure
45
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding 802 Wireless Standards
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the radio technologies and techniques
being deployed in emerging 802 wireless networks
 Describe and contrast IEEE wireless standards
including 802.11 LAN, 802.15 PAN, and 802.16
MAN
 Discuss the major applications for each of these
standards and explain how the standards meet
their requirements
WIR283: Overview of 802.15 Personal
Area Networks
 Overview of Wireless Personal
Area Networks, WPANs
 802.15.1 Blue Tooth
 802.15.3 High Rate WPAN
 802.15.4 Low Power WPAN
WIR284: Overview of 802.xx
Broadband Wireless Access
 802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs
 802.22 Wireless Regional Area
Network
WIR291: Intro to Broadband Wireless
and 802.16 WiMAX
 WiMAX and Broadband
Wireless Technologies
 WiMAX Market Opportunities
 Licensed and Licensed-Exempt
Spectrum
 The WiMAX Forum
WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX 256 OFDM
Physical Layer
 WiMAX Protocol Stack
 Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability
 Why OFDM?
 WiMAX 256 OFDM
Characteristics
 WiMAX Performance
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
WIR295: Overview of IEEE 802.16e
Extensions for Mobile WiMAX
 Mobile WiMAX Physical Layer
 Scalable OFDM and OFDMA
 Subchannels on DL and UL for
Greater Efficiency
 OFDMA vs. OFDM
 Handover Procedures
 Sleep and Idle Modes for
Extended Battery Life
 Enhanced Channel Estimation
 Subchannelization in More
Detail
WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and
OFDMA for LTE, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 Why OFDM/OFDMA
 Illustrating the Benefits of
OFDM Multicarrier
 How the DFT/FFT make
OFDM Implementable
 What's Orthogonal about
OFDM?
 Major Characteristics of OFDM
and OFDMA as used in LTE,
Mobile WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 What's Different about
OFDMA?
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Mobile Internet Access™
Estimated Learning Time
12 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR270
Description
Today, the megatrends of wireless communications and the Internet are revolutionizing voice and data communications.
Putting the two together - Mobile Internet Access - provides an explosive, promising field for a range of new services and
applications. This set of e-Topics focuses on how cellular networks support IP mobility. Mobile IP (used in CDMA2000
networks) and GPRS (used in GPRS/UMTS networks) are explained including their infrastructure protocols and
technologies, the bottlenecks and limitations of today's networks, the progress of solutions possible through the use of
2.5G and 3G cellular networks, and the standards for providing mobile Internet packet-switched infrastructure.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students interested in an overview of Mobile Data
Applications and networks and how 2.5G and 3G network
architectures, infrastructures, and protocols support highbit-rate multimedia services.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Mobile Internet Access
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the network infrastructure technologies
addressing the need for cost-effective and efficient
mobile Internet access
 Describe how Mobile IP and GPRS enable IP
mobility enabling users to move seamlessly without
dropping TCP/IP sessions.
e-Digest Outline
WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G: A Broad Overview
 Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G
 W-CDMA/UMTS
 CDMA2000® Evolution to 3G
 3G Evolution Summary
WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users
 Portability vs. Full Mobility
 Simple IP
 Security Issues
WIR254: Mobile IP for CDMA2000
 Mobile IP Overview
 Mobile IP in Depth
WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP Mobility
 The GPRS Solution for Mobility
 Security
 Enabling Mobility
46
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding GSM™
Estimated Learning Time
10 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR120
Description
Introduced in 1991, Global System for Mobile Communications presently support; more than three billion subscribers in
more than 210 countries. This phenomenal growth can be attributed to GSM's support for international roaming which
permits users traveling nearly anywhere in the world to receive the same features and services provided by their home
network. This collection of e-Topics provides students insights into what GSM is, how it works, and how it is the starting
point for the evolution to 3G UMTS.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students wanting to understand GSM and to understand
the starting point for GSM/GPRS/UMTS evolution.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR121: GSM Introduction
 The Early Years
 Services and Evolution
 GSM Market Growth
WIR122: GSM Network Aspects
 The GSM PLMN
 Network Elements
 GSM Signaling Protocols
WIR123: Introduction to GPRS - Data over GSM
 Data over GSM
WIR223: GSM Traffic Channel
 Speech Encoding
 Channel Coding
 Encryption
 Stealing Flags
 Burst Building
 Modulation
47
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding GSM
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand how this technology operates and how
its technical features make it one of the most
dominant digital cellular standards in the world
 Gain insights of GSM’s air interface, how it
supports basic voice communications
 Describe how GSM is evolving to support user
data and related services
WIR224: GSM Logical/Physical Channels
 Logical Channels in GSM
 The Family of Bursts
 GSM Frame Structures
 Allowable Channel Combination
WIR226: GSM System Capacity
 An Initial Approach
 Interference Reduction
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure™
Estimated Learning Time
33 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR320
Description
Third Generation (3G) wireless systems supports service providers' requirements for lowered costs, improved capacity,
and fulfilling a growing demand for wireless data applications. Advances in radio access technologies, have made it
possible from 3G systems to support higher bit-rates than experienced in 2G wireless systems. This set of e-Topics
simplifies the complexity of 3G technology choices and the many options possible for evolving from current 2G networks
to 3G. The student will learn the UMTS/W-CDMA and CDMA2000 competing technologies, evolution paths, and the
exciting capabilities that are possible. Although this collection of courses deals briefly with the CDMA radio technology,
the focus is on the UMTS network infrastructure and the CDMA2000 network infrastructure. Also included is how each of
these two infrastructures supports IP mobility: using GPRS for UMTS IP mobility vs. using Mobile IP for CDMA2000 IP
mobility.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students desiring an understanding of the infrastructure of
UMTS and CDMA2000 3G cellular networks.
Prerequisites
Students should understand wireless and digital
cellular/PCS concepts by taking:
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP
o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G
to 3G: A Broad Overview
 Cellular Evolution from 2G to
3G
 W-CDMA/UMTS
 CDMA2000® Evolution to 3G
 3G Evolution Summary
WIR212: CDMA Essentials Overview
for 3G
 CDMA Fundamentals Overview
 2G Brief Review
 CDMA Choice for 3G
WIR241: UMTS Network and
Protocol Architecture
 UMTS Evolution
 UTRA and ATM
 UMTS Protocols
 UTRAN Configuration
48
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding 3G Mobile Network
Infrastructure
Expected Outcomes
Upon Completion of this course students should be able to:
 Diagram the network infrastructure of both the
UMTS and CDMA2000® networks
 Define the major functions of each network
element
 Explain how GPRS is used in UMTS to support IP
mobility
 Explain how Mobile IP is used in CDMA2000® to
support IP mobility
 Compare and Contrast the UMTS and
CDMA2000® network infrastructures
WIR242: UMTS Operational
Scenarios
 Access/Mobility
 View from the UTRAN
 Circuit-Switched Domain
 Packet-Switched Domain
WIR251: CDMA2000 Architecture
and Evolution
 Network Evolution to "All IP"
 CDMA2000® Network
Evolution
 SIP, H.323, and MEGACO
WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband
Wireless
 1xEV-DO Overview and
Applications
 1xEV-DO Relevancy within
Cellular Evolution
 1xEV-DO System Architecture
 Achieving High Performance in
1xEV-DO
 1xEV-DO use of TDM and
CDM
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile
Users
 Portability vs. Full Mobility
 Simple IP
 Security Issues
WIR254: Mobile IP for CDMA2000
 Mobile IP Overview
 Mobile IP in Depth
WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP
Mobility
 The GPRS Solution for Mobility
 Security
 Enabling Mobility
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies™
Estimated Learning Time
40 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR210
Description
Third Generation (3G) wireless systems supports service providers' requirements for lowered costs, improved capacity, and fulfilling a
growing demand for wireless data applications. Advances in radio access technologies, have made it possible for 3G systems to
support higher bit-rates than experienced in 2G wireless systems. This set of courses simplifies the complexity of 3G technology
choices and the many options possible for evolving from current 2G networks to 3G. Although this collection of e-Topics deals briefly
with the network infrastructure, the focus is on the various 3G radio access concepts and technologies that distinguish 3G and 2G
systems.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students interested in understanding the UMTS/W-CDMA and
CDMA2000 3G radio technologies supporting the growth in highbit-rate cellular services.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR230: Understanding CDMA
o WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G: A Broad Overview
 Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G
 W-CDMA/UMTS
 CDMA2000 Evolution to 3G
 3G Evolution Summary
WIR201: FemtoCells: A Mobile Network Operator Perspective
 Context
 Business Perspective
 Network Architecture
 Access
 Interference
 QoS and Performance
WIR212: CDMA Essentials Overview for 3G
 CDMA Fundamentals Overview
 2G Brief Review
 CDMA Choice for 3G
WIR213: Key Technology Concepts for 3G
 Higher Bandwidths Required
 Packet/Circuit Services
 Coherent Demodulation
 TDD for 3G
 Eb/I0 Architecture
 Control Eb
 Limit I0
 Smart Antennas
 Interference Cancellation
49
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies
 ILT: Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure
 WIR320: Understanding 3G Mobile Network
Infrastructure
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Grasp 3G wireless and market impact
 Understand 3G standards for CDMA2000 and WCDMA/UMTS
 Diagram 3G technology evolution
WIR241: UMTS Network and Protocol Architecture
 UMTS Evolution
 UTRA and ATM
 UMTS Protocols
 UTRAN Configuration
WIR244: UMTS W-CDMA Radio Technology
 W-CDMA Characteristics
 UMTS Flexibility
 W-CDMA Uplink
WIR255: CDMA2000 Radio Technology
 CDMA2000 Forward Radio
 Supplemental Channels
 Configuration/Data Rate Options
 Multi-Carrier Operation
 CDMA2000 Uplink
 CDMA Evolution
WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless
 1xEV-DO Overview and Applications
 1xEV-DO Relevancy within Cellular Evolution
 1xEV-DO System Architecture
 Achieving High Performance in 1xEV-DO
 1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM
WIR341: UMTS Evolution to HSPA and HSPA+
Evolution Overview
 W-CDMA: The Starting Point in 3GPP Release 99
 HSDPA in 3GPP Release 5
 HSUPA (and HSPA) in 3GPP Release 6
 HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 7
 HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 8
 HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 9
 HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 10
 Summary
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding UMTS™
Estimated Learning Time
37 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR240
Description
This set of e-Topics profiles the world of cellular mobile communications through Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System (UMTS). The courses explain how UMTS builds on and evolves from GSM and GPRS network designs and
CDMA access technologies. With more than 80% of service providers worldwide adopting UMTS, and evolutionary plans
in both the Radio Access and Core Networks, UMTS promises to be a hot topic for years to come.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students interested in understanding how the 2G GSM and
2.5G GPRS cellular networks have evolved to 3G with
UMTS and W-CDMA.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR230: Understanding CDMA
o WIR110: Understanding the Basics of
Wireless Communications
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 WIR120: Understanding GSM
o WIR110: Understanding the Basics of
Wireless Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G: A Broad
Overview
 Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G
 W-CDMA/UMTS
 CDMA2000 Evolution to 3G
 3G Evolution Summary
WIR212: CDMA Essentials Overview for 3G
 CDMA Fundamentals Overview
 2G Brief Review
 CDMA Choice for 3G
WIR241: UMTS Network and Protocol Architecture
 UMTS Evolution
 UTRA and ATM
 UMTS Protocols
 UTRAN Configuration
WIR242: UMTS Operational Scenarios
 Access/Mobility
 View from the UTRAN
 Circuit-Switched Domain
 Packet-Switched Domain
50
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding UMTS
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Identify UMTS 3G capabilities, market impact,
release timeline and future evolution
 Describe UMTS network architecture, major
characteristics, components, interfaces and
protocols
 Explain how UMTS handles mobility and call
handling
WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP Mobility
 The GPRS Solution for Mobility
 Security
 Enabling Mobility
WIR244: UMTS W-CDMA Radio Technology
 W-CDMA Characteristics
 UMTS Flexibility
 W-CDMA Uplink
WIR243: UMTS Open Service Architecture (OSA)
 OSA Service Goals
 OSA API
 OSA Services
WIR341: UMTS Evolution to HSPA and HSPA+
Evolution Overview
 W-CDMA: The Starting Point in 3GPP Release 99
 HSDPA in 3GPP Release 5
 HSUPA (and HSPA) in 3GPP Release 6
 HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 7
 HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 8
 HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 9
 HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 10
 Summary
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding CDMA2000 and High-Speed Mobile Internet™
Estimated Learning Time
14 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR250
Description
This set of e-Topics provides an understanding of the Radio Access Network and the Mobile Internet infrastructure.
CDMA2000 significantly contributes to relieving the bandwidth bottleneck associated with 2G networks, supporting
improved voice capacity and high-bit-rate wireless data services, and combined with its graceful evolution from 2G
networks CDMA2000 is intriguing to service providers looking to meet the needs of today's increasingly mobile and
information demanding users. CDMA2000 networks provide high 1xEV-DO with support for up to 3 Mb/s. This set of eTopics explain how CDMA2000 1xEV-DO can support high bit-rate packets across the Radio Access Network, and how
IP router-based Packet Data Serving Nodes (PDSN) can act as Mobile IP foreign agents to tunnel IP packets to mobile
users.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students of the wireless industry that are interested in how
the 3G CDMA2000 network supports high speed mobile
internet with 1xEV-DO and Mobile IP technology.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR230: Understanding CDMA
o WIR110: Understanding the Basics of
Wireless Communications
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR251: CDMA2000 Architecture and Evolution
 Network Evolution to "All IP"
 CDMA2000 Network Evolution
 SIP, H.323, and MEGACO
WIR252: CDMA2000 Operational Scenarios
 Packet Call Session/Scenario
 Examples Call/Session Flow
WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users
 Portability vs. Full Mobility
 Simple IP
 Security Issues
51
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding CDMA2000 and High-Speed
Mobile Internet
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain how CDMA2000 1xEV-DO high bit rate is
achieved
 Describe how Mobile IP works
 List the major CDMA2000 Infrastructure functions
WIR254: Mobile IP for CDMA2000
 Mobile IP Overview
 Mobile IP in Depth
WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless
 1xEV-DO Overview and Applications
 1xEV-DO Relevancy within Cellular Evolution
 1xEV-DO System Architecture
 Achieving High Performance in 1xEV-DO
 1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding WiMAX™
Estimated Learning Time
34 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR290
Description
WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) is "hot". It is being used to extend the popular Wireless LAN Wi-Fi hotspot coverage to wide-area
Wireless MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) coverage. As done with Wi-Fi, WiMAX capability is being included in many
notebook computers. This set of e-Topics explains the technologies behind Fixed and Mobile WiMAX including OFDM
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) 4G
technologies, as well as the Network Infrastructure.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students interested in understanding the technologies
behind Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Radio (OFDM, and
OFDMA) and Network Infrastructure, and having interest in
the latest advances in wireless technology and 4G
developments. Technical sales personnel, product
managers, network planners and development engineers
will enjoy this course.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding WiMAX / IEEE 802.16
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the concepts of OFDM and OFDMA
without resorting to complex mathematics
 Understand how OFDM and OFDMA are used in
WiMAX and Mobile WiMAX
 Understand how the WiMAX network infrastructure
supports mobile services
 Understand why OFDM and OFDMA are widely
considered the choice for 4G wireless technology
e-Digest Outline
WIR291: Intro to Broadband Wireless and 802.16 WiMAX
 WiMAX and Broadband Wireless Technologies
 WiMAX Market Opportunities
 Licensed and Licensed-Exempt Spectrum
 The WiMAX Forum
WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for LTE, WiMAX,
and Wi-Fi
 Why OFDM/OFDMA?
 Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM Multicarrier
 How the DFT/FFT makes OFDM Implementable
 What's Orthogonal about OFDM?
 What's Different about OFDMA?
WIR297: IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX MAC Frame Structure
 WiMAX Network Architecture and Protocols
 Mobile Station Service Origination Operational Scenarios
 WiMAX Handover Operational Scenario
WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX Physical Layer
 WiMAX Protocol Stack
 Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability
 Why OFDM?
 WiMAX 256 OFDM Characteristics
 WiMAX Performance
WIR294: Key Radio Concepts for IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
 Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
 Multipath: What is Good?
 Multipath: What is Bad?
 Adaptive Antenna Systems and MiMo
 OFDM Subcarrier Orthagonality and Implementation
 OFDM Challenges
 Choosing the Optimum Subcarrier Bandwidth
52
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
WIR293: WiMAX Protocols, Messages, and Operational
Scenarios
 MAC Frame Structure
 MAC Procedures and Management
 MAC Message Flow
WIR295: IEEE 802.16e Extensions for Mobile WiMAX
 Scalable OFDM and OFDMA
 Subchannels on DL and UL for Greater Efficiency
 OFDMA vs. OFDM
 Handover Procedures
 Sleep and Idle Modes for Extended Battery Life
 Enhanced Channel Estimation
 Other Enhancements
 Subchannelization in More Detail
WIR296: Mobile WiMAX Network Infrastructure and Handover
Scenario
 WiMAX Network Architecture and Protocols
 Mobile Station Service Origination Operational Scenarios
 WiMAX Handover Operational Scenario
WIR298: IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX MAC Messages
 Mobile WiMAX MAC Messages
WIR299: MAC Message Flows for Mobile Station Initialization
Procedure
 Subscriber Station Initialization Procedure
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding LTE and SAE™
Estimated Learning Time
5 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR330
Description
This course is intended for students interested in understanding the UMTS LTE (Long-Term Evolution), the radio access
network evolution, and SAE (System Architecture Evolution), the infrastructure evolution of UMTS supporting LTE. With
the current dominance of UMTS in 3G worldwide deployments, LTE/SAE is likely to be the dominant 4G technology as
well. Understanding this technology will be essential for anyone planning for the next generation in mobile broadband
radio technology. This course has been designed to explain the new SAE architecture and major protocols and includes
coverage of major operational scenarios illustrating the message flows. This course has also been designed to provide an
intuitive understanding of how the OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and SC-FDMA (Single
Carrier- Frequency Division Multiple Access) technologies work and how the capabilities of these technologies will enable
significantly higher performance than 3G.
e-Digest is Designed for
Designed for Students interested in understanding the new
radio technologies used in the UMTS LTE and the new
SAE architecture and operation.
Prerequisites
 WIR241: UMTS Network and Protocol Architecture
 WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP Mobility
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding LTE and SAE
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
 Discuss the major strengths of LTE for 4G mobile broadband.
 Understand intuitively the use of OFDMA and SC-FDMA in LTE.
 List the major characteristics of OFDMA as used in the LTE







downlink.
Explain how OFDMA solves the challenges of multipath,
frequency-selective fading, and Doppler shift
Justify the choice of SC-FDMA for the LTE uplink
List the major characteristics of SC-FDMA as used in the LTE
uplink.
Sketch the architecture of LTE/SAE, identifying the major new
infrastructure components and their functions
Order the message flow sequence for a mobile after powering
up?
Order the message flow sequence for a mobile during handover
Compare and Contrast the use of GPRS and PMIP (Proxy
Mobile IP) in SAE
e-Digest Outline
WIR331: UMTS Evolution to LTE/SAE
 LTE (Long Term Evolution): UMTS
Evolution to 4G Radio Technology with
Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access Network (E-UTRAN)
 SAE (System Architecture Evolution):
UMTS Evolution to 4G Core Network
 Major Interfaces and Protocols
 Overview of a Handover Scenario
Using GPRS Tunnel Re-routing
 Status of UMTS LTE/SAE Standards
Development and Deployment Plans
WIR332: Fundamental LTE/SAE Operational
Scenarios and Message Flows
 Using GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol)
 Mobile Power-Up and
Attach/Registration Scenario
 New Service Request Scenario
 Handover Scenario (Intra-MME)
WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA
for LTE, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 Why OFDM/OFDMA?
 Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM
Multicarrier
 How the DFT/FFT makes OFDM
Implementable
53
Introduction to OFDM… continued
 What's Orthogonal about OFDM?
 What's Different about OFDMA?
Key Radio Concepts for LTE
 Multi-carrier Technology
 Adaptive Modulation and Coding
 Orthagonality and Subcarriers
 Non Line of Sight (NLOS)
 How OFDM Combats Multipath
 Delay Spread and ISI
 Frequency-Selective Fading
 Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS)
 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)
Antenna Systems
 Achieving Subcarrier Orthagonality
 OFDM Challenges
 Doppler Impact on OFDM
 Optimizing Subcarrier Bandwidth
WIR334: LTE and EPC Message Flows for
Handover from LTE to 3G UMTS
 Overview
 Preparation Phase
 Execution Phase
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
WIR339: LTE Handover to 1xEV-DO
 Overview of the LTE to 1xEV-DO
Active Handover
 High Level Message Flow for LTE
Handover to 1xEV-DO
 Summary
WIR145: Cellular Evolution from 3G to 4G: A
Broad Overview
 Overview of Cellular 3G to 4G
Evolution of 3G UMTS Radio to HSPA+
and LTE Evolution of 3G 1xEV-DO Rev
A Radio to EV-DO Rev B and LTE or
Mobile WiMAX
 Why OFDMA instead of CDMA for 4G
LTE and Mobile WiMAX?
 IP Mobility in LTE and Mobile WiMAX
 Network Infrastructure Evolution to LTE
 Network Infrastructure Evolution to
Mobile WiMAX
 Summary
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Converged Communication™
Estimated Learning Time
2.5 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET290
Description
Today's communication marketplace is more dynamic than ever, with new communication mechanisms arising regularly
that are truly changing the way that we access information and the way that we exchange information with one another.
As users embrace these new forms of communication and information access, they want access to all their information, all
the time, wherever they go. This trend is taking hold across both consumer and enterprise marketplaces.
In this e-Digest we will explore communication convergence from the perspective of user wants and needs, and then
present a three tiered model of the layers of convergence that ultimately enable new converged service such as Fixed
Mobile Convergence (FMC) to be introduced into the marketplace.
e-Digest is Designed for
Newcomers to the telecommunications field and
experienced professionals who want to understand the
broad perspectives of convergence in today's
communications networks.
Prerequisites
No suggested prerequisite TRA courses.
e-Digest Outline
NET291: Communications Convergence Primer
 Introduction to Convergence
 Convergence Model
NET292 Fixed Mobile Convergence
 Introduction to FMC
 Residential/Small Business Solutions
 Enterprise Solutions
WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA
for LTE, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 Why OFDM/OFDMA
 Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM Multicarrier
 How the DFT/FFT make OFDM Implementable
 What's Orthogonal about OFDM?
 Major Characteristics of OFDM and OFDMA as
used in LTE, Mobile WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 What's Different about OFDMA?
54
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The course has no corresponding courses.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Identify the primary goals of Fixed Mobile
Convergence
 Discuss how convergence is taking place at
several layers in today’s network
 Appreciate the role of 3GPP in global Fixed Mobile
Convergence standards
 Describe the basic architectures and service
attributes of Wi-Fi based and FemtoCells based
Residential/Small Business FMC
 Describe the basic architectural options for FMC in
the enterprise
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
IP Networks Curriculum
IP Networks Curriculum Overview
IP Networks are the fastest growing area of communications, being deployed in landline and wireless environments.
TRA's IP Networks curriculum provides courses, which help students keep up with all the changes. Courses found
within this curriculum offer broad and deep coverage of IP technologies and networks such as TCP/IP, IP routing, the
basics IP networking, details of VPNs, MPLS, Quality of Service, Voice over IP, IP Mobility, e-Commerce, IP Security
and IPv6. Any professional desiring a good understanding of the technology reshaping the communications industry,
will want to investigate the courses within TRA's IP Networks curriculum.
IP Networks Curriculum e-Digests
Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry
Understanding IP Telephony Signaling
Understanding Voice over IP
Understanding SIP
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding Home Networking
Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
Understanding Network Security
Understanding IP Routing Protocols
Understanding IP Access and Backbone
Understanding TCP/IP
Understanding IPv6
Understanding Emerging IP Technologies
Understanding Quality of Service
See the product page found in the Core Networks Curriculum
55
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications
Industry™
Estimated Learning
Time
7 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET207
Description
The aim of this course is to provide ICT personnel with an understanding of the need for telecommunications in the smart
grid, the standards and technologies available to satisfy that need and the resulting business opportunities for the ICT
industry. The course is in two parts: Part 1 focuses on the transmission and distribution networks, Part 2 focuses on
distributed energy resources and the customer interface. We first clarify the many business drivers for smart grid
implementation, which enables us to identify the features that are particularly important to implement. We then describe
the ICT applications that are useful in the smart grid and the standards available for their implementation, dividing the grid
into 4 areas: transmission, distribution, distributed energy resources and the customer interface. In the transmission
network we cover inter-control center communications, and the Common Information Model, CIM. In the distribution
network we focus on IEC 61850 for substation automation. We then address the convergence of CIM and IEC 61850 to
provide a standard for electric power enterprise wide operations, IEC 61968. The deployment of Distributed Energy
Resources, DERs in the distribution network is a major shift for the electric power industry, making that network
bidirectional. We describe the role of ICT in controlling DERs, including standards specific to wind, hydro and electric
vehicles. In addition to controlling the supply of power, the distribution network plays an important role in controlling
demand, through demand side management. We describe standards including Open Automated Demand Response for
business customers and the Advanced Metering Infrastructure for residential customers. Implications for QoS and
transport over TCP, UDP, IP and Ethernet are described. The course concludes with an analysis of ICT business
opportunities in the smart grid divided by hardware, software and systems integration with the associated timelines.
e-Digest is Designed for
ICT Engineers and Designers, System Architects and
Engineers, Technical Sales personnel, and Business
Managers in the ICT industry concerned with the Smart
Grid.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: None
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
The student will be able to understand the ICT needs of the
electric power industry to facilitate the implementation of
the smart grid, the ICT standards and technologies
available to meet those needs and how their deployment
translates into business opportunities for the ICT industry.
e-Digest Outline
NET205: Smart Grid: Business
Opportunities for the
Telecommunications Industry Part 1
 Overview
 Business Drivers
 ICT Applications
 ICT in the Transmission
Network
 ICT in the Distribution Network
NET206: Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry Part 2
 Overview
 ICT for Distributed Energy Resources
 ICT for Commercial/Industrial Customers
 ICT for Residential Customers
 ICT Opportunities in the Smart Grid
56
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding IP Telephony Signaling™
Estimated Learning Time
19 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: VOP240
Description
Voice over IP (VoIP) is rapidly changing the wired and wireless communications infrastructures. This set of e-Topics
covers the major paradigm shifts; occurring in the network infrastructures as offering telephony services migrates from
circuit to packet. Students receive an understanding of how call control is provided, VoIP is being deployed; and how
wired and wireless VoIP networks interwork with the PSTN. Students are introduced to the technologies making it
possible, and learn how to address implementation issues.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who need to understand the alternatives for call
control in VoIP networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
e-Digest Outline
VOP102: VoIP Industry Overview
 A Brief History
 Voice over IP
 Carrier Scenarios
 New Service Examples
 VoFR and ATM
 Some Issues
VOP103: Transport Protocols for
VoIP
 TCP/IP Definitions
 IP Addressing / Routing
 Transmission Control Protocol
 User Datagram Protocol
 Real-Time Services
VOP104: Overview of Designing a
VoIP Network
 General Business
 Building a VoIP Network
 Making a Call
VOP201: VoIP Call Control: H.323
and MEGACO
 H.323 Functions and
Components
 MEGACO
 Comparisons and Evolution
57
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Voice Over IP
 ILT: Understanding SIP
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student should
understand:
 The alternatives for call control in VoIP networks
 Why certain options may be preferred over others
 How VoIP networks interwork with circuit switched
networks for call control
VOP204: VoIP Call Control: SIP
 SIP
VOP202: VoIP Interworking with the
PSTN
 PSTN Overview
 H.323 - SS7 Interworking
 SIP - SS7 Interworking
 MEGACO - SS7 Interworking
 Other Issues
SIG215: SS7 for Wireless and Voice
over IP
 Mobile Applications Part
 Wireless Roaming
 Call Control for VoIP
 Evolution of SS7 for VoIP
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch
Basics
 VoIP in Carrier Networks
 VoIP Enterprise Networks
 Residential VoIP Services
 VoIP Challenges and Hurdles
 Softswitches
WIR301: IMS Primer
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Voice over IP™
Estimated Learning Time
26 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: VOP210
Description
The tremendous increase in data, voice, and video traffic across the network, combined with the incredible success of the
Internet, is affecting the communications industry as a whole. Voice over IP (VoIP) is rapidly changing the
telecommunications infrastructure. This collection of e-Topics covers the major paradigm shifts; occurring in the network
infrastructure as offering telephony services migrates from circuit to packet. Students receive an understanding of how
VoIP is being deployed, are introduced to the technologies making it possible, and learn how to address implementation
and quality of service issues.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students looking to understand how VoIP is reshaping the
communications industry.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: A
Technical Introduction
e-Digest Outline
VOP102: VoIP Industry Overview
 A Brief History
 Voice over IP
 Carrier Scenarios
 New Service Examples
 VoFR and ATM
 Some Issues
VOP103: Transport Protocols for VoIP
 TCP/IP Definitions
 IP Addressing / Routing
 Transmission Control Protocol
 User Datagram Protocol
 Real-Time Services
VOP104: Overview of Designing a VoIP
Network
 General Business
 Building a VoIP Network
 Making a Call
VOP203: Basics of Voice Coding and Delay
 Speech Coding and Compression
 Impacts of Delay
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Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Voice Over IP
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the protocols, how calls are made,
interworking with PSTN, and key challenges
 Describe VoIP equipment and their capabilities
 Relate VoIP to business needs and expectations
VOP201: VoIP Call Control: H.323 and
MEGACO
 H.323 Functions and Components
 MEGACO
 Comparisons and Evolution
VOP204: VoIP Call Control: SIP
 SIP
VOP202: VoIP Interworking with the PSTN
 PSTN Overview
 H.323 - SS7 Interworking
 SIP - SS7 Interworking
 MEGACO - SS7 Interworking
 Other Issues
VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch Basics
 VoIP in Carrier Networks
 VoIP Enterprise Networks
 Residential VoIP Services
 VoIP Challenges and Hurdles
 Softswitches
VOP206: Voice over IP for the Enterprise
 Market Drivers for VoIP
 Network Architectures
 Standards and Services
 VoIP Challenges
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
VOP207: Voice over IP
Challenges
 Residential VoIP
 Enhanced 911
(E911) and Legal
Intercept
 Security Risks
and Solutions
VOP222: Softswitch
Motivation and
Architecture
 Deploying
Softswitches
 Softswitch
Architecture
 Implementing
Softswitch
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TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding SIP™
Estimated Learning Time
10 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: SIP100
Description
After presenting an overview of the importance of Session Initiation Protocol for providing IP-based communications
services such as VoIP, email, instant messaging, and others this set of e-Topics explain SIP's fundamental capabilities
and why SIP has become a dominant network control protocol.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who have a basic knowledge of TCP/IP and VoIP,
and desire a detailed, technical understanding of the
Session Initiation Protocol.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
SIP101: SIP Overview and Applications
 SIP
SIP103: SIP Servers
 Server Types
 Registration
 Locating SIP Servers
SIP104: SIP Messages
 SIP Requests
 SIP Responses
 SIP Detailed Call Example
59
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding SIP
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the characteristics of the SIP protocol
and how it supports IP based communications
 Describe SIP's interworking with other networks
and protocols
 Identify possible deployment issues and ways to
address
 Explain why SIP has become a dominant network
control protocol, and highlight its likely evolution
SIP105: SIP Message Flows and Procedures
 Transactions, Dialogues, and Sessions
 SIP Session Examples
 Message Reliability, and Timers
SIP107: SIP Extensions
 Message Attachments
 Presence Information
 Call Control Service Options
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Home Networking™
Estimated Learning Time
25 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: BCN220
Description
This set of e-Topics highlights the variety of the technologies consumers use for communications and networking.
Included in this set of courses are access technologies such as the variants of DSL, Fiber to the Premise, and Ethernet,
as well as wireless LANs, personal area networks, emerging cellular, broadband wireless, and Voice over IP.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who want a general overview of the access
technologies used for communications and networking by
consumers.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP
o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
CAT102: Alternative Access
Technologies
 Digital Subscriber Line Option
 Cable Architecture for Voice,
Data, and Video Services
 Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks
 802.16 WiMAX Technology
 Broadband over Power lines
WIR144: Emerging Cellular
Networks
 Evolution of the CDMA2000
and UMTS Technology Family
Standards
 Services Offered by State of
the Art Cell phone Carriers
 Potential new Cell phone
services pioneered in other
countries
WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile
Users
 Portability vs. Full Mobility
 Simple IP
 Security Issues
VOP219: Residential VoIP
 Residential VoIP Services
 VoIP Challenges and Hurdles
VOP207: Voice over IP Challenges
 Residential VoIP
 Enhanced 911 (E911) and
Legal Intercept
 Security Risks and Solutions
60
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the different access technologies used
by consumers
 Explain different variants of each access
technologies used by consumers for
communication and networking
WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless
 IEEE 802 Series of Wireless
o Overview of the IEEE
802 Standards
o Wireless Market
Opportunities
o Licensed and
Unlicensed Frequency
Bands
 Interworking Among IEEE 802
Wireless Standards
o Coexistence
o IEEE 802 Working
Group Activity
o 802.21 Handoff Working
Group
WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless
LANs
 Overview of 802.11 Wireless
LANs
 802.11 Physical Layers
 Connecting to an 802.11
Wireless LAN
 Security
WIR161: Overview of 802.11 Wireless
LAN Operations
 Architecture Components
 Hidden Node Problems
 W-Fi Interoperability Testing
WIR261: Wi-Fi Medium Access
Control
 Scanning, Authentication,
Association
 Operational Scenarios
 Handling Contention
 MAC Frame Structure
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
WIR262: 802.11 (Wi-Fi) Physical
Layers
 Radio Attributes
 802.11 Physical Layers
WIR283: Overview of 802.15
Personal Area Networks
 Overview of Wireless Personal
Area Networks, WPANs
 802.15.1 Blue Tooth
 802.15.3 High Rate WPAN
 802.15.4 Low Power WPAN
WIR284: Overview of 802.xx
Broadband Wireless Access
 1. 802.16 Fixed and Mobile
MANs
o 802.16 Overview
o 802.16 Fixed
Broadband Wireless
Access
o 802.16e Mobile
Broadband Wireless
Access
o WiMAX Forum
 2. 802.20 Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access
o Overview
o Physical Layer
 3. 802.22 Wireless Regional
Area Network
o Overview
o License Exempt
Status of 802.22
o Network Architecture
VOP211: Broadband VoIP for the
Home
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding IP Networking and VPNs™
Estimated Learning Time
11 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET110
Description
This collection of e-Topics describes the important underlying functionality provided by the Internet Protocol (IP) suite in
support of IP-Virtual Private Networks (IP-VPNs). Increasingly, businesses are deploying IP-VPNs to provide a single,
global network for exchanging data, fax, voice and multimedia. This collection of courses explores the use of the IP suite
as a means of integrating data and voice, the performance and security issues surrounding IP networks and applications,
and the alternative architectures for implementing VPNs, including the use of Mutli-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS).
Students looking to understand how IP works over Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Local Area Networks (LANs) in
support of VPNs, both private and public implementations, will find these courses a good match.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students wanting a good understanding of how IP works
over Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Local Area
Networks (LANs), private and public implementations, and
network security.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet Protocols
 TCP/IP Definitions
 IP Addressing and Routing
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
NET111: VPN Overview and Classification
 VPN Definition
 VPN Service Architecture
 VPN Technical Architecture
NET112: Overview of VoIP and QoS for VPNs
 VoIP Technology and Service Providers
 Basic of QOS
 Differentiated Services
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
 MPLS Components
 MPLS Network Components
 MPLS Applications
NET113: Overview of IP Security
 The Risk of Attack
 Packet Filters/Proxy Servers
 Protecting Data with Cryptography
 VPN Tunneling
 Authentication for Identification
 Certification for Secure Authentication
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Apply the layered protocol model to different
products and services
 Identify IP-VPNs opportunities
NET114: Virtual Private Network Implementation
Options
 Outsourcing the Enterprise Network
 VPN Solutions
 Additional Cost Components
 Implementing the VPN
NET151: Why MPLS?
 Reduced Carrier Operation Costs
 ATM Backbone Scalability
 Quality of Service
 Traffic Engineering
 VPN Services
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Network Security™
Estimated Learning Time
9 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: SEC110
Description
This set of e-Topics provides describes the different types of internal and external attacks that may occur over wired and
wireless networks. The e-Topics also introduce the various technologies and techniques for protecting against them. The
e-Digest provides basic descriptions of firewalls, encryption, tunneling, digital certificates, authentication, security keys,
and secure access for Mobile IP. Students who want to participate in security discussions with users, services providers,
and hardware/software vendors will find this course provides the information enabling their doing so.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who want to understand the goals and
implementation options for how to protect networks against
internal and external intercept, intrusion, and deception.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
e-Digest Outline
NET113: Overview of IP Security
 The Risk of Attack
 Packet Filters/Proxy Servers
 Protecting Data with Cryptography
 VPN Tunneling
 Authentication for Identification
 Certification for Secure Authentication
SEC105: WLAN Security
 Overview of Built-in 802.11 Security Measures
 Common WLAN Attack Methods and Tools
 Defending WLANs from Attack
WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users
 Portability vs. Full Mobility
 Simple IP
 Security Issues
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Network Security
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the possible security challenges
 Explain the implementation options
WIR254: Mobile IP for CDMA2000
 Mobile IP Overview
 Mobile IP in Depth
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding IP Routing Protocols
Estimated Learning Time
9 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET200
Description
Internet Protocol Routers use specialized routing protocols to communicate information on network topology, reach-ability,
and status. This set of e-Topics provides a quick but thorough understanding of routing protocol vocabulary, operations,
and choices. Answers are provided for how routing tables are constructed and used to forward data. The courses on
routing protocols describe the main routing protocols of Open Shortest Path First, Intermediate-System-to-Intermediate
System, and Border Gateway Protocols. The most-specialized routing course is Multicast routing protocols. This set of
courses provides a complete introduction to routing protocols, and fundamentals on operation.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who desire detailed technical knowledge of
different routing protocols in use in IP networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding theBasics of Data
Communications
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding TCP/IP
 ILT: Understanding IPv6
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student should
understand:
 How different routing protocols are used to
maintain and update routing information within and
between IP networks, including OSPF, RIP, IS-IS,
and BGP
e-Digest Outline
NET102: IP Routers and Routing
 Introduction to Routing
 Layer 3 Protocols that accompany IP: ICMP and ARP
 IP Addressing, Subnetting, and Broadcasting
 IP Addressing Issues and Solutions: CIDR, VLSM, Route Summarization, NAT, and IPv6
NET202: Introduction to Routing Protocols
 Common Traits of all Routing Protocols
 Routing Information Protocol
 OSPF Protocol
 IS-IS Protocol
 BGP Protocol
NET203: Multicast Routing in IP Networks
 IP Multicast Introduction
 IP Multicast Classification and Applications
 IP Multicast Routing Protocols
 Multicast Routing Protocols
 Sample Carriers Offering Multicast
NET264: Multicast for IPTV
 Overview and Addressing
 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
 Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding IP Access and Backbone™
Estimated Learning Time
4 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET320
Description
This set of e-Topics presents traditional and emerging network access technologies for residences and businesses, and
presents one of the fastest growing segments of communications - Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). VPN Implementation
options, architectures, technologies, and applications are described.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who desire an overview of the different
technologies to access IP networks and the general
architecture of IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student should
understand:
 Different IP Access technologies, including DSL,
Cable, WiFi, and WiMAX, as well as the basic
architecture for backbone IP VPNs
e-Digest Outline
CAT102: Alternative Access Technologies
 Digital Subscriber Line Option
 Cable Architecture for Voice, Data, and Video Services
 Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks
 802.16 WiMAX Technology
 Broadband over Power lines
NET111: VPN Overview and Classification
 VPN Definition
 VPN Service Architecture
 VPN Technical Architecture
NET114: Virtual Private Network Implementation Options
 Outsourcing the Enterprise Network
 VPN Solutions
 Additional Cost Components
 Implementing the VPN
64
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding TCP/IP™
Estimated Learning Time
8 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET220
Description
This set of e-Topics provides a technical overview of the Internet Protocol suite commonly known as TCP/IP. TCP/IP is
the underlying protocol suite used for the Internet, IP Virtual Private Networks (IP-VPNs), and Voice over IP (VoIP).
Students will be able to evaluate and explain the potential communications opportunities TCP/IP presents after taking
these courses. Given that IP network has quickly become the most prevalent form of global communications, students will
want to have a firm grasp of the technology and issues.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students desiring to understand the role of the TCP/IP
protocol suite when connecting to and using the Internet.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet Protocols
 TCP/IP Definitions
 IP Addressing and Routing
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
NET221: IP Addressing and Routing
 Symbolic and Numeric Addressing
 IP Packet Switching
 Aggregator ISPs
 URLs
 IPv6 Addressing
NET222: Internet Protocol
 IP Draft Definition
 Why Connectionless?
 IPv4 Protocol
 IPv6 Protocol
65
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding TCP/IP
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Clearly understand, evaluate, explain TCP/IP and
the potential communications opportunities it
presents
NET223: Transmission Control Protocol
 Application Address
 TCP VC Setup
NET224: User Datagram Protocol
 UDP Introduction and Protocol
 Application Example
NET225: TCP/IP: Related Protocols and Applications
 Electronic Mail
 HTTP and HTML
 SNMP
 ICMP
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding IPv6™
Estimated Learning Time
18 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET120
Description
IPv4 has been used in public and private networks for over 25 years, steadily supporting the growth of the Internet and a
growing list of applications. But IPv4 is straining to keep abreast with the size of networks and the broader range of new
service requirements. IPv6 has been designed to specifically address these requirements and is moving into the
mainstream via widespread development across products and growing network deployments. This e-Digest details the
new capabilities of IPv6, including new headers, procedures and address formats. With a change in IP also comes a
change in companion protocols such as DHCP, DNS and ICMP. These changes are described and illustrated with
examples. With the growth of wireless access technologies, mobility is a key capability for IP, and this e-Digest shows
how IPv6 supports this important area. The challenges and alternative solutions for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 are also
discussed.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students in technical positions looking to understand the
role of IPv6 in emerging IP Networks.
Prerequisites
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP
o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding IPv6
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Clearly understand, evaluate, and explain the use
of IPv6 and the potential communications
opportunities it presents
e-Digest Outline
NET121: Introduction to IPv6
 Overview of IPv6
 Motivation for a New Version of IP
 Deployment of IPv6
NET122: IPv6 Headers
 IPv6 Header Fields
 Extension Headers
 IPv6 Packet Considerations
NET123: IPv6 Addressing
 Address Format
 Unicast Addresses
 Anycast and Multicast Addresses
 Assigning Addresses
NET124: IPv6 Companion Protocols: ICMP, DNS, and DHCP
 ICMPv6 Basics
 ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery
 ICMPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery
 DNS and DHCP
NET125: IPv6 Mobility
 Mobile IP Basics
 Bidirectional Tunneling
 Route Optimization
NET126: Transition from IPv4 to IPv6
 Basics of Transition
 Tunneling Techniques
 Translation Techniques
 Other Transition Issues
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
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TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Emerging IP Technologies™
Estimated Learning Time
12 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: EIP210
Description
Users' increasing demand for easy and ubiquitous access, integrated and interactive voice, data and video services, and
service providers' increasing demand for interoperability and lower costs, contribute to the IP technology revolution. This
set of e-Topics highlights the technologies having the greatest impact on end-to-end IP wired and wireless networks.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who have a basic knowledge of Internet Protocol
and desire to understand new technologies supporting or
evolving IP.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
NET150: Overview of MPLS
 MPLS Overview
 MPLS Components
 MPLS Operation
 MPLS Label Distribution
 MPLS Applications
NET111: VPN Overview and Classification
 VPN Definition
 VPN Service Architecture
 VPN Technical Architecture
NET112: Overview of VoIP and QoS for VPNs
 VoIP Technology and Service Providers
 Basic of QOS
 Diffserv
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
 MPLS Components
 MPLS Network Components
 MPLS Applications
NET113: Overview of IP Security
 The Risk of Attack
 Packet Filters/Proxy Servers
 Protecting Data with Cryptography
 VPN Tunneling
 Authentication for Identification
 Certification for Secure Authentication
67
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand new technologies that are enhancing
IP networks or extending the Internet Protocol
VOP207: Voice over IP Challenges
 Residential VoIP
 Enhanced 911 (E911) and Legal Intercept
 Security Risks and Solutions
WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users
 Portability vs. Full Mobility
 Simple IP
 Security Issues
VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch Basics
 VoIP in Carrier Networks
 VoIP Enterprise Networks
 Residential VoIP Services
 VoIP Challenges and Hurdles
 Softswitches
NET121: Introduction to IPv6
 Overview of IPv6
 Motivation for a New Version of IP
 Deployment of IPv6
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Emerging Technologies Curriculum
Emerging Technologies Curriculum Overview
No doubt about it - new communications and networking technology are always emerging. The Internet is changing the
way applications are used, and the insatiable appetite for mobility and bandwidth never wanes. Industry consolidation is
picking up speed with company mergers increasing demand for network interworking and security. Keeping abreast of
the changes can be daunting. TRA's highly-acclaimed Emerging Technologies courses help sort through the complexity
of changes. Emerging Technologies courses are the most frequently updated, so even students having taken ET
courses in prior years will learn from exciting new information.
Emerging Technologies Curriculum e-Digests
Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies
Understanding Emerging IP Technologies
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies
Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless
Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry
Understanding Cloud Computing
68
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TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies™
Estimated Learning Time
32 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: EBT201
Description
Users' insatiable demand for increasingly higher bandwidth repeatedly provides challenges and opportunities for service
providers. As a result, a variety of technologies and system implementations are being deployed providing many different
service offerings. This set of e-Topics presents the technologies most able to meet the demands, including Fiber to the
Premises (FTTP), next generation SONET/SDH, DWDM, Ethernet, 802 broadband technologies, and emerging
broadband cellular such as 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who want an in-depth overview of the
technologies used to meet the demands for ever-increasing
bandwidth in communications networks.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
 OPT220: Understanding Optical Networks
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
At the end of this course students should be able to:
 Compare broadband access technologies such as
FTTP, FTTN, xDSL, Hybrid Fiber-Coax and
Wireless
 Describe optical core technologies such as DWDM
and ROADM
 Discuss broadband switching and routing based on
Ethernet, IP and MPLS
e-Digest Outline
CAT102: Alternative Access
Technologies
 Digital Subscriber Line Option
 Cable Architecture for Voice, Data,
and Video Services
 Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks
 802.16 WiMAX Technology
 Broadband over Powerlines
OPT211: Next Generation SONET/SDH
 Introduction
 Virtual Concatenation
 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
 Generic Framing Procedure
 Forward Error Correction
OPT212: Understanding Passive Optical
Network (PON) Technologies
 PON Technology Overview
 ATM PONs and Broadband PONs
 Gigabit PON
 Ethernet PON
 Next Generation PONs
 PON Comparisons
OPT202: DWDM Essentials
 A Brief History
 Components for DWDM
 Fiber Choices for DWDM
 Optical Amplifiers
 Dispersion Management
 Optical Switches
 Bandwidth Potential
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OPT205: Optical Transport Network, OTN
 Electro-Optical Network
 All-Optical (Photonic) Network
 Optical Networking Summary
NET311: Ethernet Evolution
 Why Ethernet?
 Rates and Functions
 Competitors
 Standards
 Naming Conventions
NET314: Metropolitan Ethernet Networks
 Basic Services
 Service Attributes
 Bandwidth Profiles
 Network Architectures
 Ongoing Issues
OPT206: Reconfigurable Optical AddDrop Multiplexers (ROADM)
 Optical Networks and Wavelength
Division Multiplexing
 Add-Drop Multiplexers and CrossConnects
 ROADM Technologies
VID101: Broadcast Video Overview
 The TV Picture
 TV Distribution
 Digital TV
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
VID102: Video Basics
 Properties of Human Vision
 TV-Video Fundamentals
 NTSC Signal
 Digital Video (DV)
 Consumer Tips
1. 802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs
 802.16 Overview
 802.16 Fixed Broadband Wireless
Access
 802.16e Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access
 WiMAX Forum
2. 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless
Access
 Overview
 Physical Layer
3. 802.22 Wireless Regional Area
Network
 Overview
 License Exempt Status of 802.22
 Network Architecture
WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless
 1xEV-DO Overview and
Applications
 1xEV-DO Relevancy within
Cellular Evolution
 1xEV-DO System Architecture
 Achieving High Performance in
1xEV-DO
 1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Emerging IP Technologies™
Estimated Learning Time
12 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: EIP210
Description
Users' increasing demand for easy and ubiquitous access, integrated and interactive voice, data and video services, and
service providers' increasing demand for interoperability and lower costs, contribute to the IP technology revolution. This
set of e-Topics highlights the technologies having the greatest impact on end-to-end IP wired and wireless networks.
e-Digest is Designed for
Students who have a basic knowledge of Internet Protocol
and desire to understand new technologies supporting or
evolving IP.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
NET150: Overview of MPLS
 MPLS Overview
 MPLS Components
 MPLS Operation
 MPLS Label Distribution
 MPLS Applications
NET111: VPN Overview and Classification
 VPN Definition
 VPN Service Architecture
 VPN Technical Architecture
NET112: Overview of VoIP and QoS for VPNs
 VoIP Technology and Service Providers
 Basic of QoS
 Diffserv
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
 MPLS Components
 MPLS Network Components
 MPLS Applications
NET113: Overview of IP Security
 The Risk of Attack
 Packet Filters/Proxy Servers
 Protecting Data with Cryptography
 VPN Tunneling
 Authentication for Identification
 Certification for Secure Authentication
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand new technologies that are enhancing
IP networks or extending the Internet Protocol
VOP207: Voice over IP Challenges
 Residential VoIP
 Enhanced 911 (E911) and Legal Intercept
 Security Risks and Solutions
WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users
 Portability vs. Full Mobility
 Simple IP
 Security Issues
VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch Basics
 VoIP in Carrier Networks
 VoIP Enterprise Networks
 Residential VoIP Services
 VoIP Challenges and Hurdles
 Softswitches
NET121: Introduction to IPv6
 Overview of IPv6
 Motivation for a New Version of IP
 Deployment of IPv6
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™
Estimated Learning Time
25 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: EWT230
Description
Today, the megatrends of wireless communications and the Internet are revolutionizing voice and data communications.
Wireless technology has become ubiquitous for voice applications, and is becoming the access technology of choice for
data applications. As result, the development of new radio technologies and network elements that; offer new services
and service possibilities. This set of courses was designed with a focus on the major technologies that have been
deployed, as well as those likely to be deployed within the next one to three years; such as the two major 3G cellular
technologies, UMTS/W-CDMA and CDMA2000 and their evolution to 4G, as well as the 802 wireless technologies,
including WiMAX. While other courses provide in-depth coverage of major technology steps, this set of courses is
presented as a technology overview so students have a sense of the complex evolutionary paths in a simplified and
abbreviated format.
e-Digest is Designed for
Newcomers to the field and experienced professionals who
want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless
communications.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G
to 3G: A Broad Overview
 Cellular Evolution from 2G to
3G
 W-CDMA/UMTS
 CDMA2000 Evolution to 3G
 3G Evolution Summary
WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless
 IEEE 802 Series of Wireless
 Interworking Among IEEE 802
Wireless Standards
WIR201: FemtoCells: A Mobile
Network Operator Perspective
 Context
 Business Perspective
 Network Architecture
 Access
 Interference
 QoS and Performance
71
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand and appreciate some of the new
wireless technologies being deployed and those on
the horizon
 Gain insight on how these technologies are related
to each other, and their possible impact on the
overall wireless marketplace
WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless
LANs
 Overview of 802.11 Wireless
LANs
 802.11 Physical Layers
 Connecting to an 802.11
Wireless LAN
 Security
WIR283: Overview of 802.15 Personal
Area Networks
 Overview of Wireless Personal
Area Networks, WPANs
 802.15.1 Blue Tooth
 802.15.3 High Rate WPAN
 802.15.4 Low Power WPAN
WIR284: Overview of 802.xx
Broadband Wireless Access
 802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs
 802.20 Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access
 802.22 Wireless Regional Area
Network
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
WIR291: Intro to Broadband
Wireless and 802.16 WiMAX
 WiMAX and Broadband
Wireless Technologies
 WiMAX Market Opportunities
 Licensed and LicensedExempt Spectrum
 The WiMAX Forum
WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX Physical
Layer
 WiMAX Protocol Stack
 Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability
 Why OFDM?
 WiMAX 256 OFDM
Characteristics
 WiMAX Performance
WIR331: UMTS Evolution to
LTE/SAE
 UMTS Evolution of the Radio
Access Network (E-UTRAN)
 SAE Evolution of the Core
Network
 Architecture and Major
Protocols
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless™
Estimated Learning Time
26 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: WIR280
Description
Analysts estimate that at least 45% of the workforce uses a mobile data device, such as a notebook or PDA, as a
productivity tool. This set of courses describes and contrast the different IEEE 802 Wireless technologies and standards.
For instance, the courses identify how the IEEE standards for 802.11 and 802.15.1 Bluetooth are being used for deploying
Wireless Local Area Networks, and Wireless Personal Area Networks, respectively. Technologies such as provided by
802.15.4 ZigBee for large sensor networks, and 802.16 WiMAX for fixed/portable and mobile broadband wireless access
and Metropolitan Area Networks are also explained. These courses provide an excellent overview for students wanting to
understand the 802 technologies and their applications.
e-Digest is Designed for
Forward-looking designers, product planners and network
operators who need a solid understanding of the existing
and emerging IEEE wireless standards.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
e-Digest Outline
WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless
 IEEE 802 Series of Wireless
 Interworking Among IEEE 802
Wireless Standards
WIR282: Overview of 802.11
Wireless LANs
 Overview of 802.11 Wireless
LANs
 802.11 Physical Layers
 Connecting to an 802.11
Wireless LAN
 Security
WIR161: Overview of 802.11
Wireless LAN Operations
 Architecture Components
 Hidden Node Problems
 W-Fi Interoperability Testing
WIR261: Wi-Fi Medium Access
Control
 Scanning, Authentication,
Association
 Operational Scenarios
 Handling Contention
 MAC Frame Structure
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Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ILT: Understanding 802 Wireless Standards
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the radio technologies and techniques
being deployed in emerging 802 wireless networks
 Describe and contrast IEEE wireless standards
including 802.11 LAN, 802.15 PAN, and 802.16
MAN
 Discuss the major applications for each of these
standards and explain how the standards meet
their requirements
WIR283: Overview of 802.15 Personal
Area Networks
 Overview of Wireless Personal
Area Networks, WPANs
 802.15.1 Blue Tooth
 802.15.3 High Rate WPAN
 802.15.4 Low Power WPAN
WIR284: Overview of 802.xx
Broadband Wireless Access
 802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs
 802.22 Wireless Regional Area
Network
WIR291: Intro to Broadband Wireless
and 802.16 WiMAX
 WiMAX and Broadband
Wireless Technologies
 WiMAX Market Opportunities
 Licensed and Licensed-Exempt
Spectrum
 The WiMAX Forum
WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX 256 OFDM
Physical Layer
 WiMAX Protocol Stack
 Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability
 Why OFDM?
 WiMAX 256 OFDM Characteristics
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
WIR295: Overview of IEEE 802.16e
Extensions for Mobile WiMAX
 Mobile WiMAX Physical Layer
 Scalable OFDM and OFDMA
 Subchannels on DL and UL for
Greater Efficiency
 OFDMA vs. OFDM
 Handover Procedures
 Sleep and Idle Modes for
Extended Battery Life
 Enhanced Channel Estimation
 Subchannelization in More
Detail
WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and
OFDMA for LTE, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 Why OFDM/OFDMA
 Illustrating the Benefits of
OFDM Multicarrier
 How the DFT/FFT make
OFDM Implementable
 What's Orthogonal about
OFDM?
 Major Characteristics of OFDM
and OFDMA as used in LTE,
Mobile WiMAX, and Wi-Fi
 What's Different about

WiMAX Performance
OFDMA?
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications
Industry™
Estimated Learning
Time
7 hours
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET207
Description
The aim of this course is to provide ICT personnel with an understanding of the need for telecommunications in the smart
grid, the standards and technologies available to satisfy that need and the resulting business opportunities for the ICT
industry. The course is in two parts: Part 1 focuses on the transmission and distribution networks, Part 2 focuses on
distributed energy resources and the customer interface. We first clarify the many business drivers for smart grid
implementation, which enables us to identify the features that are particularly important to implement. We then describe
the ICT applications that are useful in the smart grid and the standards available for their implementation, dividing the grid
into 4 areas: transmission, distribution, distributed energy resources and the customer interface. In the transmission
network we cover inter-control center communications, and the Common Information Model, CIM. In the distribution
network we focus on IEC 61850 for substation automation. We then address the convergence of CIM and IEC 61850 to
provide a standard for electric power enterprise wide operations, IEC 61968. The deployment of Distributed Energy
Resources, DERs in the distribution network is a major shift for the electric power industry, making that network
bidirectional. We describe the role of ICT in controlling DERs, including standards specific to wind, hydro and electric
vehicles. In addition to controlling the supply of power, the distribution network plays an important role in controlling
demand, through demand side management. We describe standards including Open Automated Demand Response for
business customers and the Advanced Metering Infrastructure for residential customers. Implications for QoS and
transport over TCP, UDP, IP and Ethernet are described. The course concludes with an analysis of ICT business
opportunities in the smart grid divided by hardware, software and systems integration with the associated timelines.
e-Digest is Designed for
ICT Engineers and Designers, System Architects and
Engineers, Technical Sales personnel, and Business
Managers in the ICT industry concerned with the Smart
Grid.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: None
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
The student will be able to understand the ICT needs of the
electric power industry to facilitate the implementation of
the smart grid, the ICT standards and technologies
available to meet those needs and how their deployment
translates into business opportunities for the ICT industry.
e-Digest Outline
NET205: Smart Grid: Business
Opportunities for the
Telecommunications Industry Part 1
 Overview
 Business Drivers
 ICT Applications
 ICT in the Transmission
Network
 ICT in the Distribution Network
NET206: Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry Part 2
 Overview
 ICT for Distributed Energy Resources
 ICT for Commercial/Industrial Customers
 ICT for Residential Customers
 ICT Opportunities in the Smart Grid
73
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY
Estimated Learning Time
5 hours
Understanding Cloud Computing™
Training Format: e-Digest
Course Code: NET170
Description
Cloud Computing may be the latest buzzword, but based on the money being spent on Cloud Computing Services and
the technologies to provide them, it seems unlikely to be a passing fad. Services from basic storage to network-based
“virtual” desktop applications are now advertised as Cloud Computing Services. What is it? What isn’t it? This class will
cut through the hype and describe what is meant by Cloud Computing from both a business and technical perspective.
The e-Digest explains the architectures and services of various implementations and the technologies required to deploy
them.
e-Digest is Designed for
Design for the student who needs a general knowledge of
what is meant by Cloud Computing.
Prerequisites
Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: None
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Student should have a clear understanding of the terms
commonly used in the industry. The student should be able
to explain the motivations and the risks of adopting Cloud
Computing.
e-Digest Outline
NET171: Introduction to Cloud
Computing
 Overview
 Definition of Cloud Computing
 Motivations to Adopt Cloud
Computing
 Risks of Cloud Computing
 Industry Outlook
NET172: Cloud Computing Architectures
Overview
 SPI (Software, Platform, Infrastructure) Service Model
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Software as a Service (SaaS)
 Network Deployment Architectures
 Public Clouds
 Private Clouds
 Hybrid Clouds
NET173: Cloud Computing Technical Requirements and Solutions
 Quality of Service (QoS)
 Security
 Management
74
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Instructor Led Training
Our best-of-the-industry faculty delivers TRA's Instructor-Led Training. Having real-world practical experience, being
eloquent and effective communicators, TRA's instructors tailor their course delivery by incorporating the latest industry
development from around the world, and the needs of attending students. Course books are printed just prior to course
delivery incorporating the most up-to-date information and requests. Time after time, student feedback indicates the
quality of TRA's Instructor-Led courses is excellent and exceeded expectations.
All courses found in TRA's Instructor-Led Library are available for private training. Private courses can be tailored to meet
the specific needs of customers' organizations and are designed to be an extension of their internal curriculum.
Customers designate the location for course delivery. TRA also serves global accounts internationally.
Our instructor-led courses are available for Private courses in one-day, two-day and four-day formats. Check with your
TRA representative for more information on how TRA can tailor our instructor-led courses for your organization.
75
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Network Fundamentals Curriculum Overview
TRA's Network Fundamentals courses provide an introduction to a broad set of communications and networking topics
relative to voice, data and video movement over wired, wireless or fiber networks. Courses found within this curriculum
serve as a prerequisite for more advanced courses found within other TRA Curricula and therefore may also be found
within their respective technology-specific curriculum. Fundamentals courses are well suited for new members to the
industry or those wanting to brush up "on the basics".
Network Fundamentals Curriculum Courses
Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications
Understanding Voice Communications: A Technical Introduction
Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications
Understanding the Basics of Voice, Data, and Wireless Networks
76
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course provides a background on communications networks including terminology, industry overview, technology
evolution, capabilities and services offered in today's telecommunications networks.
Course is Designed for
Students looking for a broad overview of the technologies
and services offered in today's telecommunications
networks.
Prerequisites
This course lays an excellent foundation for other TRA
courses, including more advanced courses found in TRA's:
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Overview
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the fundamentals of wireline and
wireless networks for both voice and data
applications
 Describe the current network infrastructure
 Identify terminology and key industry players
 Discuss new directions the industry is taking from
both a technological and business perspective
 Understand how network evolution continues to
evolve in support new services
Wireless Communications
 Key Wireless Technical Concepts
Telephony Network Basics
 Digital Cellular: CDMA, TDMA and GSM
 Key Components of a Telecommunications Network
 Key Digital Multiple Access Technologies
 Loops, Lines, Trunks, and Private Branch
 Wireless Data: SMS, Cellular, 802.11
Exchange (PBX) Trunks
 Third Generation Wireless
 Numbering Plans
Fast Packet Services
 Industry Structure
 Fast Packet Fundamentals
 Typical Network Services
 Frame Relay (FR)
Transmission Systems
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
 Nature of Sound
 Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
 Time Division Multiplexing and T1 Carriers
 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
 Network Access, DSL, and ISDN
Customer-Owned Systems
 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
 Voice Premises Cornerstone - PBX
 CATV and Electric Utilities Use of Full-Duplex
 Data Premises Cornerstones - Router
Systems
 Customer Premises Wiring
Switching
 Voice over IP (VoIP)
 Switching System Types
 Switching Hierarchies and Network Routing
 Switching Technologies
 Network Design Fundamentals
Network Control
 User-to-Network Signaling
 Network Signaling
77
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course is designed to provide the foundational knowledge required for understanding modern data networks.
Introductory information is provided, including technology definitions, so students with little or no technical knowledge will
easily comprehend. The historical perspective necessary to understand how and why a technology evolved to its present
rate of acceptance is also provided.
Course is Designed for
Marketing or executive groups desiring more familiarity with
data communications equipment or professionals new to
the telecommunications and/or networking fields who are
unfamiliar with data communications equipment or data
transmission systems.
Prerequisites
This course lays an excellent foundation for other TRA
courses, including more advanced courses found in TRA's:
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Course Outline
Course Introduction
 Course Outline and Objectives
 Evolution of Data Communications
Basic Concepts and Transmission of Data
 Digital Information Fundamentals
 Frames, Cells, and Packets
 Types of Network Media
 Basics of Protocols
 Circuit and Packet Networks
 Data Compression and Encryption
 Multiplexing Methods and Techniques
Benefits of Layers
 Comparative Models: OSI and TCP/IP
 Layers 1-3: Physical, Data Link, and Network
Layers
Local Area Networks (LANs)
 LAN Components
 Client / Server
 Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI
 Hubs, Switches, and Routers
 Simple Network Management Protocol
78
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain the industry's need for data networks, how
they evolved, operate, and offer services
 Gain an understanding of modern techniques
 Make useful assessments of the current status and
identify probable future network composition
Business and Residential Access to Wide Area
Networks (WANs)
 Dial-up Access
 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
 Cable Modems
 Wireless
WANs
 Private Line
 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
 Packet Networks
The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
 Internet Architecture and Developments
 Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
 Multimedia Services
 Intranets and Extranets
 Virtual Private Networks
Network Case Study
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Voice Communications: A Technical Introduction™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course provides background on communications networks including terminology, industry overview, technology
evolution, capabilities and services offered in today's telecommunications networks.
Course is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals who wish to understand
the fundamentals of switching, signaling or transmission.
This course will enhance students' ability to explain difficult
concepts and identify and compare competitive
technologies.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Course Outline
Course Introduction
 Course Overview
 Course Objectives
 Course Outline
Telephony Network Basics
 Key Components
 Loops, Lines, Trunks, and Private Branch
Exchange (PBX)
 The Industry's Structure
 Typical Network Services
Transmission Systems
 The Nature of Sound
 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and T1 Carrier
 Digital Network Evolution
 Network Access, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL),
and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
79
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a
Technical Introduction e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the fundamentals of switching,
signaling, and transmission
 Identify the major components of telephony
networks
 Identify and compare competitive technologies
Speech Coding
 Digital in the Network
 Analog-to-Digital Conversion
 Pulse Code Modulation
 a-Law Coding and Mu-Law Coding
 Compression
 Linear Predictive Coding
Switching
 System Types
 Hierarchies and Network Routing
 Technologies
 Softswitch
Network Control
 Types of Signaling
 User-to-Network
 Network-to-Network
o Signaling System Number 7 (SS7)
o Local Number Portability (LNP)
o Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
 Private Networks
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course examines advanced digital wireless technologies including cellular radio and Wireless Local Area Networks
(WLANs). An overview of the principles of radio and multiple access technologies such as GSM and Code Division
Multiple Access (CDMA); frequency reuse in cellular networks; cellular system architecture; high-speed wireless data,
Internet, Wireless Local Area Networks; and Third Generation (3G) and Fourth Generation (4G) cellular technologies, are
also included.
Course is Designed for
Newcomers to the field and experienced professionals who
want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless
communications.
Prerequisites
This course is an excellent foundation for other TRA
courses.
Course Outline
Course Introduction
 Course Outline and Objectives
 History of Wireless
Electromagnetic Energy and Propagation
 Electromagnetic Waves and Spectrum
 Loss, Gain, and The Decibel (dB)
 Antennas and Propagation
 Radio Transmission, Interference and Noise
Fundamentals of Radio Systems
 Basic Radio Communications
 Digital Radio Basics
 Fundamentals of Modulation
Cellular System Fundamentals
 Frequency Re-Use and System Capacity
 Cellular System Architecture
 Cellular Handoff
Network Aspects of Cellular Systems
 Making and Receiving Calls
 Automatic Call Delivery and Roaming
 Authentication and Encryption
 Role of SS7
 Detailed Call Setup Scenario
80
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the principles of cellular radio
 Appreciate the problems faced by cellular and
other radio-based service providers and how to
address issues associated with the deployment of
multiple access technologies
 Discuss probable future directions
Radio Frequency (RF) Access Techniques
 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
 2G Comparison and US Operating Frequency
Bands
Evolution of Cellular to 3G and 4G
 Data Evolution in 2G Networks
 3G Overview (UMTS and CDMA2000)
 Femtocells
 Overview (LTE, UMB, and Mobile WiMAX)
Wireless Local Area Networks
 Wireless 802.11 Wi-Fi LANs
 OFDM Technology in 802.11
 802.11n and MIMO
 Bluetooth Technology
Summary
 Cellular Summary
 Wi-Fi Summary
 WiMAX
 4G
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding the Basics of Voice, Data, and Wireless Networks™
Course Length
3 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This 3-day course provides the foundational knowledge required for understanding modern communications networks.
Introductory information is provided, including technology definitions, components and the use of those components to
provide typical network services so students with little or no technical knowledge will easily understand. Topics include
access alternatives such as DSL, ISDN, cable modems, and wireless; Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks;
analog and digital cellular network technologies: TDMA, CDMA, and GSM; The historical perspective necessary to
understand how and why a technology evolved to its present rate of acceptance is also provided.
Course is Designed for
Students looking for a broad overview of the technologies
and services offered in today's telecommunications
networks.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Overview
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the fundamentals of networks
 Describe key concepts, terminology, and
alternatives
Circuit Switching
 System Types, Hierarchies,
Telephony Network Basics
Routing, Technologies
 Key Components of a Network Network Control
 Loops, Lines, Trunks, and PBX
 User-to-Network Signaling
Trunks
 Dial Pulse and Dual Tone
Multi-frequency (DTMF)
 Numbering Plans
 Industry Structure
 Signaling System 7 (SS7)
Transmission Systems
 Local Number Portability (LNP)
 Nature of Sound
 Advanced Intelligent Network
(AIN)
 Multiplexing
Cellular System Fundamentals
 Analog-to-Digital Conversion
 Cellular Concepts and
 Digital Network Evolution
Licensing
 Synchronous Optical Network
 Typical Cellular System
(SONET)
Architecture
Access Technologies
 Analog and Digital Cellular
 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
 Personal Communications
 Integrated Services Digital
Service
Network (ISDN)
 Home and Visitor Location
 Cable TV's use of Full-Duplex
Registers
Systems
 Roaming
 Wireless Local Loops (WLLs)
Digital Cellular Techniques
 Microwave Multipoint
 Time Division Multiple Access
Distribution Service
(TDMA)
 Local Multipoint Distribution

Global System for Mobile
Service
Communications (GSM)
 Switched and Dedicated
 Code Division Multiple Access
Access
(CDMA)
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Basics Concepts and Transmission
of Data
 What is Data and how is it
Represented
 Frames, Cells and Packets
 Communications Models and
Protocol Basics
 Transmission, Compression
and Encryption
Layered Architectures
 Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI)
 TCP/IP Protocol Stack
 Comparative Models
 Encapsulation Techniques
Local Area Networks (LANs)
 LAN Components
 Client/Server Architecture
 Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and
Switched Ethernet
 Token Ring and FDDI
 Hubs and Switches
Wide Area Alternatives
 Frame Relay
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
(ATM)
 Multi Protocol Label Switching
(MPLS)
 Virtual Private Networks
(VPNs)
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Core Networks Curriculum
Core Networks Curriculum Overview
The worlds of voice communications and data communications have traditionally been very separate - different
networks, different services, and different technologies. That is changing as voice and data converge at all levels.
Today, networks are designed to carry voice, data and video media resulting in exciting new and innovative mixed
media services. Critical to all of this are the underlying core technologies critical to the evolution and convergence of
mixed media in communications networks. Providing a thorough coverage of switching and signaling technologies
found within the core of carriers' networks, courses within this curriculum address signaling, backbone transport
protocols, voice over circuit and ATM networks, Quality of Service, and how carrier networks are evolving. Students
gain practical knowledge by taking the courses found within TRA's Core Networks curriculum. Courses found in other
curricula augment and/or overlay on the networks explained in Core Networks' courses.
Core Networks Curriculum Courses
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding Voice Communications: A Technical Introduction
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding Quality of Service (QoS)
Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VOIP
Understanding Carrier Network Evolution
Understanding the Basics of Long Distance Service
Understanding Communications Convergence
Understanding Voice Over IP
Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks
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Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Quality of Service (QoS) ™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Understanding Quality of Service (QoS) techniques is essential for addressing the volume of real-time traffic migrating to
packet networks. This course describes mechanisms for providing QoS, including techniques for managing queues in
network equipment and how Service Level Agreements are aggressively incorporating stringent QoS specifications. QoS
capabilities of wired and wireless Ethernet, IP, ATM, and MPLS are explained in a clear and concise manner.
Course is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals looking for a solid
understanding of QoS mechanisms and the business goals
for successful QoS deployments.
Prerequisites
Students should have taken:
 ILT: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Course Overview and Introduction
QoS Mechanisms
 Traffic Classification and Policing
 Admission Control
 QoS Monitoring and SLAs
Active Queue Management
 Bandwidth Mgmt. vs. Big Bandwidth
 Queuing (FIFO, CBQ, WFQ, RED, WRED)
QoS in Local Area Networks
 QoS in VLANs
 QoS in WLANs
QoS Using Application Layer Protocols
 UDP and TCP Port Numbers
 TCP Flow Control and Slow Start Algorithm
 RTP QoS Mechanisms
 RTCP QoS Monitoring
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Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET250: Understanding Quality of Service eDigest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should gain:
 Good insight into the changes in the industry
 An understanding of the protocols that can support
the future traffic in the network – both real-time and
non real-time
 An understanding of the problems facing the
network designer in terms of delivering a QoS
environment
IP Routing and QoS
 IP Fundamentals
 Type of Service (ToS)
 Traditional and QoS-based Routing
 ISP Peering Arrangements
Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS
 DiffServe Architecture, Model and Code points
 Assured and Expedited Forwarding
 Per-Hop Behavior
ATM-based QoS
 ATM Virtual Circuits, Service Classes and QoS
Parameters
 Traffic Contract and Policing
 PNNI and Cell Rate Negotiation
MPLS-based QoS
 MPLS Architecture, Protocols and Label
Distribution, and QoS
 Virtual Leased Line, Virtual Private Line, and Virtual
Private LAN Service
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VOIP™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course provides a detailed tutorial on SS7 describing its use, application within emerging networks, and support for
new services. Even as wireless and VoIP networks evolve, SS7 and IN are expected to continue providing the foundation
for new services within the traditional Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). This course explains how SS7 is
emerging as a common thread tying together different networks, enabling access to service logic and subscriber data, and
providing consistent service to the end user.
Course is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals looking for a solid
understanding of the SS7 network and its protocols and
how they are being used for emerging Wireless and IP
networks.
Prerequisites
Students should have taken:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction
SS7 Overview
 Evolution
 Architecture
 Applications
IN Overview
 Definition and Motivation for IN
 Advanced Intelligent Network Elements
 AIN Application Examples
SS7 Protocols: MTP and ISUP
 Message Transfer Part (MTP)
 ISDN User Part (ISUP)
SS7 Protocols: SCCP and TCAP
 Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
 Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)
 Applications of SCCP and TCAP
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Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 SIG210: Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and
VoIP e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of these course, students should be able
to:
 Describe the SS7 protocol, how it is designed, and
how it supports different services across networks
 Explain how calls are controlled and managed, and
how services are supported within the wireline
world
SS7 for Wireless and VoIP
 Mobile Application Part (MAP)
 Wireless Roaming and Call Control
 Evolution to Support VoIP and Call Control for VoIP
Advanced Intelligent Networks (AIN)
 Call Model Basics
 Points-in-Call (PICs), Detection Points (DPs), and
Triggers
 AIN Release 1.0 and Subsets, and Service
Examples
Other Intelligent Network Architectures
 Intelligent Network Model
 Wireless Intelligent Network Models
 Intelligent Networks and Voice over IP
Putting Together with Services
 Single Number Services
 Internet Call Waiting (ICW)
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Carrier Network Evolution™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course provides an overview of carrier networks, examining the core technologies making communications possible
while providing an industry context. The course explains how communication networks operate, the evolution from analog
to digital, the transition from circuit to packet, the impact of optics on carrier transport, and how the convergence of IP
traffic and optical capacity are becoming a platform for next-generation Web services. Current industry structure, market
motivations, and services typically offered are discussed.
Course is Designed for
Students seeking network solutions for delivering voice,
data and video services on a single network.
Prerequisites
Prior to taking this course, students should have completed
entry-level communications training. Appropriate TRA
courses include:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Overview
Network Evolution Overview
 Service Provider Networks and Roadmaps
 Case Study: ABC Service Provider
Circuit Network Evolution
 Network Migration Roadmap
 Interconnection and Billing
 Case Study: ABC Service Provider
Packet Network Evolution
 Network Migration Roadmap
 Frame Relay / ATM Network Services
 Virtual Private Network Services
 Case Study: ABC Service Provider
Wireless Network Evolution
 Network Migration Roadmap
 Mobile Wireless Overview and Migration
 Case Study: ABC Service Provider
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Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe how today’s circuit-switched
infrastructure is evolving to support IP traffic
 Produce diagrams for phased migration
Network Access Evolution
 Access Migration Roadmap
 Typical Access Architectures
 Migration of Access Technologies: Copper, Fiber,
Gigabit Ethernet, Hybrid Fiber Coax
 Case Study: ABC Service Provider
Network Core Evolution
 Network Migration Roadmap
 Network Technology and Economics
 Case Study: ABC Service Provider
Operations Support Systems (OSS) and Billing
 OSS Components
 IP Billing Systems
 Network Provisioning
 Service Quality Management
 Case Study: ABC Service Provider
Service Provider Network Evolution
 Network Evolution Steps
 ATM Tandem Replacement
 End-Office Evolution
 Converging Billing Systems
 Case Study: ABC Service Provider
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding the Basics of Long Distance Service™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This 3-day course is designed to provide an in-depth look at long distance services, including the functions of each
network component. Students learn how to bulletproof a network so that calls are transmitted accurately and safely.
Access and egress options; Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), cable modems, wireless, and Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN); outbound services and restriction and routing options; toll-free services; audio and video
teleconferencing, 900 numbers, calling card services, and much more are described.
Course is Designed for
Students looking for a broad overview of the technologies
and services offered in today's telecommunications
networks.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Develop an in-depth understanding of the global
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
 Describe the various access and egress
alternatives and when they should be used
 Explain how telephony companies in different
countries communicate with one another so calls
can be made internationally
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Key
IEC Outbound Services
Definitions
 Outbound LD Services
 LD Services and
o Network Architecture
Interexchange Carrier (IEC)
o Pricing Options and
Trends
 Pricing Options and Billing
o Feature Choices
Periods
o Typical Services
Components of LD Network

Virtual
Private Networks (VPNs)
 Loops, Lines and Trunks
o
Architecture; Pricing;
 Nature of Sound
Features; Services
 Intelligent Network (IN)

Switched
Digital Services
Components
o Architecture; Pricing;
Access and Egress
Features; Services
 Dedicated vs. Switched
IEC Inbound Services
Access
 Toll Free Voice Services
 Points-of-Presence (POPs) as
o Architecture; Pricing;
Pricing Points
Features; Services
 Nodal Services
 Toll Free Data Services
 Alternative Access and Egress
o Architecture; Pricing;
Technologies
Features; Services
Signaling

Caller-Paid
Inbound Services
 User-to-Network Signaling
o
Architecture;
Pricing;
 Network Signaling
Features; Services
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Teleconferencing
 Voice Teleconferencing
 Video Teleconferencing
 Video Conferencing Bridges
 Video Conferencing Standards
Data Services
 Fast Packet Fundamentals
 Circuit vs. Packet Switching
 Virtual Circuits (VCs)
 Frame Relay
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
IEC International Services
 Typical Features and Services
 Dialable Locations
 Global Alliances
 Toll-Free
Call Card Services
Bundled Services
Course Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Communications Convergence™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This 2-day instructor-led course provides the foundational knowledge required for understanding the convergence that is
taking place across both wired and wireless networks. Course explains Internet Protocol (IP) and its unifying role in the
convergence that is enabling seamless multimedia services. Course provides a technical and practical introduction to key
convergence technologies: IP (TCP/IP & IP Networking), Voice over IP, Wireless Access (Cellular, WiFi, & WiMAX),
Mobile IP and the IP Multimedia Subsystem. Course describes the compelling applications these foundational
technologies enable.
Course is Designed for
Telecommunication professionals who need to understand
how IP is converging wired and wireless networks.
Prerequisites
Students should be familiar with basic communication
networking topics. TRA courses to consider:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction
 What are we Converging?
 Why are we Converging?
 What do the Converged Applications look like?
TCP/IP
 Internet Protocol
o IPv4
o IPv6
 Transmission Control Protocol
 User Datagram Protocol
 Real-time Transport/Real-time Transport Control
Protocols
Voice over Internet Protocol
 VoIP Architectures
 VoIP Session & Device Control
o Session Initiation Protocol
o MEGAGO/H.248
 Softswitch Architectures
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Corresponding Courses
Greater depth on each individual topic covered in this
course can be found in the TRA Curriculum Guide at
www.tra.com.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the basics of TCP/IP, IP Networking
and Mobile IP
 Appreciate how real-time applications like VoIP are
delivered over IP networks
 Describe the cellular concept and the capabilities
of 3G/4G cellular networks
 Understand the goals and capabilities of WiFi and
WiMAX
 Appreciate how the IMS architecture provides an
infrastructure for delivering converged services
 Discuss the emerging applications that Network
Convergence enables
Wireless Access
 Cellular Concept
 3G and 4G Cellular Capabilities
 802.11 WiFi Networks
 802.16 WIMAX Networks
Mobility
 Mobility vs. Portability
 Mobile IP
 Handoff among Wireless Access techniques
IP Multimedia Subsystem
 IMS Motivations & Goals
 IMS Architecture
 IMS Service Examples
Pulling It All Together: Converged Applications
 Unified Communications (UC)
 Fixed-Mobile Convergence Solutions (FMC)
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Voice over IP™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Voice over IP (VoIP) is rapidly changing the telecommunications infrastructure. This course covers the paradigm shifts as
telephony services migrate from circuit to packet. Students receive an understanding of how VoIP is being deployed, are
introduced to the technologies making it possible, and learn ways to address implementation and quality of service issues.
Course is Designed for
Students looking to understand how VoIP is reshaping the
communications industry.
Prerequisites
Students should understand voice and data
communications, by taking:
 ILT: Understanding TCP/IP
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Industry Overview
 Perspective: History, Industry and Market
Segments, Regulatory Environment
 Networks: ITSPs, Carriers, Enterprises
Residential VoIP
 Voice over Broadband Issues, Architectures and
Technologies (VoCable, VoDSL, FTTP)
 Service Examples
 Issues: E911, CALEA
Transport Protocols and Voice Packets
 Review of IP/TCP/UDP
 Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP and RTCP)
 Voice Coding and Compression
 Speech Quality Measurement
Quality of Service (QoS)
 Real-Time Service Requirements
 Delay: Sources and Impacts
 Techniques: DiffServ and MPLS
 Tuning a VoIP Network
H.323
 H.323 Architecture and Components
 Call Setup using H.225, H.245, and FastStart
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 VOP210: Understanding Voice over IP e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the protocols, how calls are made,
interworking with PSTN, and key challenges
 Describe VoIP equipment and their capabilities
 Relate VoIP to business needs and expectations
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
 SIP Network Architecture and Components
 SIP Messages
 Session Description Protocol
 Call Examples
 SIP and Presence Information
 SIP vs. H.323
Media Device Control Protocols
 MEGACO/H.248
 MGCP
PSTN Interworking
 Overview of PSTN and SS7
 SS7 Interworking with H.323, SIP, MEGACO
 SoftSwitch
 ENUM: Phone number to Internet address mapping
 Related Protocols: SCTP, SIGTRAN, SIP-T
VoIP in the Enterprise
 Motivations and Concerns
 IP PBX vs. Hosted VoIP / IP Centrex
 Service Examples
 Security and VoIP (NATs, Encryption, Firewalls)
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
The evolution to an All-IP network is underway and the blueprint for it is IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). Although
unfolding more rapidly in the wireless arena, it is occurring in both wired and wireless networks. This course describes
how wireless networks are being upgraded with 3G network elements, protocols, and call/session control procedures to
accommodate multimedia applications. Course content explains how all traffic will use IP for transport, and how SIP
(Session Initiation Protocol), and SDP (Session Description Protocol) provide the new all-encompassing call and session
control for multimedia calls as well as call control for traditional voice calls and session control for simple data sessions
such as web browsing. The course also highlights the new functional network elements specified by standards bodies to
enable the evolution, including CSCFs (Call Session Control Functions), MGCFs (Media Gateway Control Functions),
MGWs (Media Gateways), Breakout Gateway Control Functions, and more.
Course is Designed for
Students seeking to understand the network evolution for
delivering voice, data and video services on a single
network.
Prerequisites
Students should understand basic cellular technology by
taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
 ILT: Understanding TCP/IP
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to IMS
 Motivation for IMS
 Status of IMS Standards for Wired and Wireless
Networks
Initial 3GPP/UMTS and 3GPP2/CDMA2000 Networks
 Common Approach to ALL-IP Evolution for UMTS
and CDMA2000
 Circuit and Packet Switched Domains
 How UMTS and CDMA2000 will Evolve to IMS
 IP Mobility with GPRS or Mobile IP
All-IP Architecture Network Elements
 Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs)
 Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)
 Media Gateway (MGS)
 Media Resource Function Processor (MRFP)
 Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)
 Application Servers (AS) and Back-to-Back User
Agents (B2BUAs)
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR300: Understanding IP Multimedia Subsystem
(IMS) for All-IP Networks e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of these course, students should be able
to:
 Discuss the evolutionary revolution occurring in
telecommunications
 Define the new IMS network functional elements
 Diagram how SIP, SDP, and MEGACO are used
 Explain the typical message flow for setting up an
IP multimedia session
 Discuss the potential for new services
All-IP Architecture Network Elements continued
 High-Level IMS Message Flow Scenarios for: Video
Call Interworking, 3-Way Video Conference, Pushto-Talk, VoIP, and others
IP Multimedia Call Control Protocols
 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
 Session Description Protocol (SDP)
 SIP Session Setup Examples
Intermediate-Level IMS Message Scenarios
 IMS Registration Message Flow
 Mobile Origination to ISDN Video Call
 End-to-End QoS Management Message Flow
 B2BUA Session Forwarding Message Flow
 IMS Presence Message Flows
Detail-Level IMS Message Scenarios
 SIP and SDP in more Detail
 IMS Interworking with PSTN/ISDN
 Detailed Message Flows based on 3GPP TS
24.228 and 3GPP2 TIA-873
Summary
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Wireless Networks Curriculum
Wireless Networks Curriculum Overview
In today's increasingly mobile world, working from a fixed desktop device communicating by wires is no longer
acceptable. Professionals expect and demand the flexibility to work from any location. Students can learn about all
things wireless by taking the courses found in TRA's Wireless Networks curriculum. Courses within this curriculum
provide a broad and deep understanding of wireless by addressing the technology basics, terminology, evolution of
cellular networks, to 3G, LTE, Mobile WiMAX, wireless 802.11 LANs, demand for wireless data, emerging wireless
standards, and interworking among wireless networks and with landline networks. Students will gain practical
knowledge by learning from the topics found within TRA's Wireless Networking courses.
Wireless Networks Curriculum Courses
Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals
Curriculum
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies
Understanding 802.11 Wireless LANs Protocols and
Procedures
Understanding 802 Wireless Standards
Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks
See the product page found in the Core Networks
Curriculum
Understanding CDMA
Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies
Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure
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Understanding GSM
Understanding GPRS and its Evolution to UMTS
Understanding UMTS
Understanding LTE and SAE
Understanding WiMAX / IEEE 802.16
Understanding UMTS and CDMA2000 Evolution to HSPA,
HSPA+, and LTE
Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution
(LTE)
Understanding Fundamental of Radio: Analysis, Design and
Propagation
Understanding Satellite Communications: Earth Station Design
and Analysis
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
The mega-trends of wireless and the Internet are revolutionizing voice and data communications. Wireless technology has
become ubiquitous for voice applications, and is becoming the access technology of choice for data applications. As
result, new radio technologies and network elements are being developed to offer new service possibilities.
This course focuses on the technologies being deployed or emerging. Also discussed are the major technical concepts
shaping the industry, technologies enabling the use of wireless connections, and the applications previously available only
through hard-wired; connections.
Course is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals who are looking to gain
insight into emerging wireless technologies, into
comparisons, and their potential applications.
Prerequisites
Students should have taken:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 EWT230: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand and appreciate some of the new
wireless technologies being deployed and those on
the horizon
 Gain insight on how these technologies are related
to each other, and their possible impact on the
overall wireless marketplace
LTE/SAE continued
 Major New Functional Entities in SAE, including
Fundamentals of Digital Radio
eNodeB, MME (Mobility Management Entity), S-GW
 Speech Digitizing, Coding, and Compression
(Serving Gateway), and P-GW (Public Data
Network Gateway)
 Channel Coding
 Overview of a Handover Scenario
 Digital Modulation
 Status of UMTS LTE/SAE Standards Development
 Multiple Access
and Deployment Plans
3G and 4G Cellular
Wi-Fi/802.11
 CDMA Fundamentals for 3G
 Wireless LANs
 Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems
 802.11 and Wi-Fi
(UMTS) and its Evolution (W-CDMA and HSPA)
 OFDM Fundamentals
 CDMA2000 and its Evolution (1x, 1xEV-DO Rev 0
and Rev A)
 OFDM for 802.11a/g
 Femtocells
 How OFDM handles multipath
 Why OFDM/OFDMA for 4G?
 802.11n with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output
antennas)
 Major 4G Technologies: LTE/SAE, Mobile WiMAX,
UMB
 Benefits of MIMO
WiMAX/802.16
 WLAN/Cellular Interworking
Bluetooth and 802.15
 Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN)
 802.16 (Fixed/Portable) WiMAX
 Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)
 OFDM and OFDMA Physical Layers
 Bluetooth
 802.16e Mobile WiMAX
 Other 802.15 Standards
LTE/SAE (Long Term Evolution/System Architecture
 Future Trends
Evolution)
Mobile Broadband Wireless Access
 LTE: UMTS Radio Access Network Evolution to 4G
 802.20 "MobileFi"
 SAE: UMTS Core Network Evolution to 4G
 Two New Standards in 2008
 Wideband Mode
 625k-Multicarrier Mode
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding 802.11 Wireless LANs Protocols and Procedures™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
In the workplace and the residence, from hotspots to city-wide networks, this course shows how 802.11 has become one
of the most successful wireless technologies in the industry. It provides an overview of the protocols and procedures used
in 802.11 and its implementation in an operational environment. An overview of the principal 802.11 specifications,
including 802.11e for QoS and 802.11i for security are provided. The major alternative technologies used at the MAC and
PHY layers, including 802.11n, and the reasoning behind their principal attributes, are described. The course concludes
with a forward looking view of Wi-Fi handover interworking with cellular and the new developments currently in the
standardization pipeline, e.g. mesh networking.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in understanding 802.11 Wireless
LANs, their associated Quality of Service, security,
roaming, and interworking with cellular.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Course Outline
Introduction to 802.11 Wireless LANs
 Unlicensed Frequency Bands
 Overview of 802.11 Standards
Overview of WLAN Operational Environment
 WLAN Architecture Components
 Authentication and Association
 Collision Avoidance
 Power Save Mode
802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC)
 Handling Contention
 Mac Frame Structure
802.11 Quality of Service
 Traffic Categories
 EDCA: Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
 HCF: Hybrid Coordination Function
802.11 Physical Layer (PHY)
 Radio Attributes:
o DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
o OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing
92
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR260: Understanding 802.11 Protocols and
Procedures e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the WLAN market and how 802.11 and
cellular inter-relate
 Understand the fundamental concepts and
principles of operations for the WLAN technologies
 Appreciate 802.11 security, QoS and mesh
networking
802.11 Physical Layer (PHY) continued
o Channel Spacing and Modulation
 Physical Layer Options:
o 802.11a, b, g
o 802.11n with MIMO
802.11 Security Considerations
 Wi-Fi Interoperability Testing
 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
 Wi-Fi Protected Access and 802.11i
Moving Forward
 Wi-Fi Interworking with UMTS Cellular
 Wi-Fi Interworking with 4G LTE
 802.11s Mesh Networking
 New 802.11 Amendments in the pipeline
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding 802 Wireless Standards™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
As wireless networks have improved security and data rates, the IEEE has focused its standardization work on a diverse
range of wireless technologies for fixed/mobile, short/long range applications. This course describes and contrasts the
different 802 Wireless Standards, including their provisions for QoS, security and mesh networking. For instance, the
course identifies how the standards for 802.11 and 802.15 are being used to deploy Wireless Local Area Networks and
Wireless Personal Area Networks, respectively. The course explains technologies such as 802.15.4 ZigBee™ for large
sensor networks, and 802.16e WiMAX for fixed and mobile broadband access. Emerging standards such as 802.20 for
broadband mobile data solutions and 802.22 for longer-range wireless regional area networking are compared, and
innovative ways of re-using licensed spectrum to accommodate new wireless technologies, including UWB (Ultra Wide
Band) and Cognitive Radio are described. Given the many diverse networks being deployed, this course concludes with
an analysis of alternative ways of interworking among these technologies and cellular.
Course is Designed for
Forward-looking designers, product planners and network
operators who need a solid understanding of the existing
and emerging IEEE wireless standards.
Prerequisites
Students should understand packet switching by taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to IEEE 802 Wireless
Standards
 IEEE 802 Family of Services
 How the 802 Standards Relate
 Licensed and Unlicensed
Frequency Bands
 Cognitive Radio
 Ultra Wide band
 Mesh Networking
 Modulation Techniques
 MIMO: Multi-Input Multi-Output
 OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing
802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN)
 802.11 Standards and
Configuration Options
 Authenticating and Getting
Connected
 Operations Considerations:
QoS, Security, Privacy (WEP),
and Wi-Fi Protected Access
(WPA)
93
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR280: Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless eDigest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the radio technologies and techniques
being deployed in emerging 802 wireless networks
 Describe and contrast IEEE wireless standards
including 802.11 LAN, 802.15 PAN, 802.16 MAN,
802.20 mobile broadband and 802.22 regional
area network
 Become familiar with emerging solutions for
interworking between the 802 wireless
technologies and cellular
802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) continued
 Mesh Networking
Overview of 802.15 Wireless Personal
Area Network (WPAN)
 802.15 Standards
 Architectural Components,
Layers, Spectrum Allocations,
Topologies, and Operational
Options
o 802.15.1 Bluetooth®
o 802.15.3 High Rate and
Higher Data Rate Ultra
Wide Band (UWB) PAN
 ZigBee™ Alliance
802.16 Wireless Fixed and Mobile
Metropolitan Area Networks
 802.16 Market and Spectrum
Allocation
 802.16 – 2004 Fixed Broadband
Wireless
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
802.16 Wireless Fixed... continued
 802.16e Mobile Broadband
Wireless MAN
 WiMAX Forum
802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless
Access
 802.20 Standards
 Mobile IP
802.22 Wireless Regional Area
Network (WRAN)
 Market and Network Planning
 PHY and MAC Layers for Base
Station to CPE
Communications
 Cognitive Radio Specifics
Interworking between the 802
Wireless Standards
 Coexistence of Multiple
Technologies
 802.21 Media Independent
Handover
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding CDMA™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
CDMA has taken the mobile world by storm, becoming a major Second Generation (2G) technology and the dominant
technology for Third Generation (3G) systems. As a 'spread spectrum' technology that is robust against interference,
CDMA has been used for point-to-point military communications for many years, but making the technology suitable for
cellular applications required major innovations. This course provides a solid technical as well as an intuitive
understanding of 2G CDMA technology, as a foundation for understanding its evolution to 3G.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in acquiring an excellent overview of
CDMA.
Prerequisites
Students should understand digital cellular by taking:
 ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to CDMA for Personal Communications
Service (PCS) and Digital Cellular
 Industry Perspective: Standards, Providers,
Deployment Status
 Evolution to 3G CDMA
Fundamentals of Radio Concepts
 Benefits of Digital Radio
 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation
 Speech Compression and Vocoding
 Convolutional Coding for Forward Error Correction
(FEC)
 CDMA Comparison to Frequency Division Multiple
Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA)
CDMA Fundamentals
 Spread Spectrum and the Principles of CDMA
 Codes: Pseudonoise (PN) and Walsh
 Universal Frequency Re-Use
 Rake Receivers
 Major Attributes of TIA-95
94
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR230: Understanding CDMA e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Compare the use of pseudo-random codes in
CDMA systems and how they offer enhanced
capacity, performance, call quality, and coverage
as contrasted with other cellular technologies
 Understand why CDMA technology has been
chosen for all major 3G standards
TIA-95 CDMA: Beyond the Basics
 Codes: Usage, Why and Benefits
 Channels: Pilot, Sync, Paging, Access, Traffic
 Multiplex and Rate Options
 Handling Voice, Data and Signaling
 Privacy and Encryption
CDMA Deployment Considerations
 Eb/N0, Eb/I0, and Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (C/I)
 Capacity Calculations and Comparisons with other
Cellular Technologies
 Soft Handoff Thresholds and Procedures
CDMA Evolution to 3G
 CDMA2000 1x
 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
 W-CDMA/UMTS
 HSPA (High Speed Packet Access)
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Third Generation (3G) mobile systems offer exciting new wireless packet capabilities, breaking through limitations of
previous technologies, and enhanced cost effectiveness for traditional and enhanced voice services. Although dealing
briefly with the network infrastructure and foundational technologies for 3G radio this course focus is on the radio
technologies used in CDMA2000 and UMTS.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in understanding the radio
technologies supporting the growth in high-bit-rate wireless
services.
Prerequisites
Students should understand 2G CDMA and digital cellular
by taking:
 ILT: Understanding CDMA
o ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Data Communications
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Wireless Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to Third Generation (3G)
 Industry Status and Perspective
 Standards Bodies and Relationships
 Evolution Scenarios and Market Projections
3G Network Aspects
 CDMA2000 and UMTS Network Architectures
 Evolution
o Circuit to Packet Switching
o Softswitches and Gateways
o Evolution to All-IP
Key Technology Concepts for 3G
 Wider Bandwidth Required
 Coherent Demodulation, Turbo Coding
 Smart Adaptive Array Antennas
CDMA Foundation
 Major 2G cdmaOne (TIA-95) Attributes
 CDMA Fundamentals and why the Choice for 3G
95
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR210: Understanding 3G Mobile Radio
Technologies e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Grasp3G wireless and market impact
 Understand 3G standards for CDMA2000 and
UMTS
 Comprehend 3G evolution
3G CDMA2000 (TIA-95 Based)
 Variable Length Codes for Different Data Rates
 Comparison with cdmaOne
 Operational Considerations: Modulation, Power
Control, Capacity, Multi-Carrier
 1x Evolution
3G Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA)
 Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)
Codes
 Asynchronous Inter-Cell Operation
 How high bit rates are achieved
 High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)
What's Next?
 4G Evolution to UMTS LTE (Long Term Evolution)
and Mobile WiMAX
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Third Generation (3G) mobile systems provide multi-megabit-per-second wireless packet capabilities, breaking through
limitations of previous technologies, and enhanced cost effectiveness for traditional and enhanced voice services. After
dealing briefly with the foundational CDMA technology for 3G radio, this course focus is on the network infrastructure
architecture, protocols, and operational scenarios used in CDMA2000 and UMTS.
Course is Designed for
Students who need to understand, plan, or prepare for the
infrastructure needed to support 3G services or those
needing to compare the UMTS and CDMA2000 network
architectures and capabilities.
Prerequisites
Students should understand 2G CDMA and digital cellular
by taking:
 ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to Third Generation (3G)
 Industry Status and Perspective
 Standards Bodies and Relationships
 Evolution Scenarios and Market Projections
CDMA Foundation
 CDMA Fundamentals and why the Choice for 3G
 Major Characteristics of CDMA2000 and WCDMA/UMTS
3G UMTS Network
 UMTS Network Architecture, Protocols and
Interfaces
 SGSNs and GGSNs (Serving and Gateway GPRS
Support Nodes)
 GPRS Tunnels and Protocol Stacks
 Operational Scenarios
3G CDMA2000 Network
 CDMA2000 Network Architecture, Protocols and
Interfaces
 PDSNs (Packet Data Serving Nodes)
 Mobile IP Tunnels and Protocol Stacks
 Operational Scenarios
96
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR320: Understanding 3G Mobile Network
Infrastructure e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Grasp 3G wireless and market impact
 Understand 3G standards for CDMA2000 and WCDMA/UMTS
 Describe the major 3G network architecture
characteristics and supporting technologies
Introduction to IP Mobility
 Portability vs. Full Mobility
 The IP Mobility Problem
 Why Mobile IP or GPRS is Needed
Mobile IP Solution for CDMA2000
 The Mobile IP protocol (RFC 3344)
 Mobile IP Home and Foreign Agents
 Mobile IP Tunneling
 Mobile IP Protocol Stacks
 How Mobile IP handles Private IP addresses and
NATs
 Mobile IPv6 Benefits and Issues
 Example Operational Scenarios
GPRS GSM-based Solution for UMTS
 SGSNs and GGSNs
 GTP Tunnels
 GPRS Protocol Stacks
 How GPRS handles IP mobility
 GPRS Roaming
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding GSM™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Introduced in 1991, Global System for Mobile Communications presently supports more than three billion subscribers
residing in more than 210 countries. This phenomenal growth can be attributed to GSM's support for international
roaming, which permits users traveling nearly anywhere in the world to receive the same features and services provided
by their home network.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in acquiring an excellent overview of
GSM.
Prerequisites
There are none but a foundation in wireless may be helpful
by taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR120: Understanding GSM e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand how this technology operates and how
its technical features make it one of the most
dominant digital cellular standards in the world
 Gain insights of GSM’s air interface, how it
supports basic voice communications
 Describe how GSM is evolving to support user
data and related services
Course Outline
Introduction to GSM
GSM Traffic Channels Step-by-Step
 Perspective: History, Market, Comparison with
 Channel Structure and Bandwidth
other 2G Technologies
 Coding: Speech, Channel, Convolutional
 GSM and the Third Generation (3G)
 Frequency Hopping, Interleaving, Equalization
Principles of Cellular and Digital Radio
 Encryption
 Radio Concept and Digital Radio Basics
GSM Logical and Physical Channels
 Speech Encoding and Channel Coding
 Channels: Logical, Physical, Traffic and Control
 Frequency Re-User, Cell Sectorization, TDMA and
 Mapping Logical onto Physical Channels
Modularization
 Data Burst Types
GSM Network Aspects
 Frame and Allowable Channel Structures
 GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
Data over GSM
 Mobile Stations and Network Elements
 Types: Circuit-Switched, Short Message Service,
 Authentication and Signaling
High-Speed Circuit-Switched, General Packet
Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data Rates
 Mobile Application Part
for Global Evolution (EDGE)
GSM System Capacity
 Capacity Evaluation and Techniques for Increasing
Summary
97
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding GPRS and its Evolution to UMTS™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course provides an understanding of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). GPRS was developed as a packetswitched extension of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network to enable high-speed access to IPbased services. GPRS provides efficient use of shared resources, volume-based pricing, allows 'always-on' connections,
and matches connection speeds to the needs of users and their applications. GPRS serves as foundation for the packetswitched domain of 3G UMTS. These and more are explained in this course.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in acquiring an excellent overview of
GPRS and its evolution.
Prerequisites
Students should have background in digital cellular and
TCP/IP by taking:
 ILT: Understanding GSM
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
 ILT: Understanding TCP/IP
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to GPRS
 Perspective: History, Market, Services, Deployment
Status and Evolution Paths
GPRS Network Architecture and Protocols
 GSM - Foundation for GPRS
 GPRS Components, Functions and Interfaces
 GPRS Protocol Models
GPRS Radio Interface
 Radio Subsystem
 Modulation and Coding
 EDGE
 MAC and RLC Functions
 Physical and Logical Channels
98
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR220: Understanding GPRS e-Digest
 WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain GPRS architecture, elements, and services
 Identify the different service states and how a data
session is handled
 Summarize evolution paths
GPRS Mobility and Session Management
 Mobility and Security Management
 Session Management Scenarios
 Roaming and GPRS Roaming Exchange (GRX)
Evolution to UMTS
 Overview UMTS Architecture: Network Core and
Radio Access Network
 GPRS Enhancements for 3G
GSM System Capacity
 Capacity Evaluation and Techniques for Increasing
Summary
Appendices
 Review of TCP/IP
 GPRS and its Relation to Mobile IP
 EDGE Compact
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding UMTS™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course explains both the UMTS network infrastructure and protocols and the W-CDMA/HSPA radio technologies
used in UMTS. With more than 80% of worldwide cellular subscribers served by UMTS, its technology and the evolution
of its Radio Access and Core Networks promise to be a hot topic for years to come.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in understanding the radio
technologies supporting the growth in high-bit-rate wireless
services
Prerequisites
Students should understand 2G CDMA, digital cellular and
TCP/IP by taking:
 ILT: Understanding CDMA
o ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Data Communications
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Wireless Communications
 ILT: Understanding GSM
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to UMTS and 3G Wireless
 Perspective: UMTS, CDMA2000, and 3G
 3GPP and Standards Organizations and
Relationships
 UMTS Capabilities, Market Impact and Release
Timelines
UMTS Network and Protocol Architecture
 Core Radio Access Network Architectures and,
Protocols
 Core Network Architectures and Protocols
Operational Scenarios
 Managing the Radio Access and Circuit-Switched
and Packet-Switched Domains
 Circuit-Switched Roaming Call Scenario
 Packet-Switched Web Access Scenario
 Tunneling for IP Mobility
99
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR240: Understanding UMTS e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Identify UMTS 3G capabilities, market impact,
release timeline and future evolution
 Describe UMTS network architecture, major
characteristics, components, interfaces and
protocols
 Explain how UMTS handles mobility and call
handling
CDMA Foundation for 3G
 CDMA Concepts and Why the Choice for 3G
UTRAN W-CDMA Radio Link
 Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)
Codes
 Asynchronous Inter-Cell Operation
 Details of: Characteristics, Modes, Codes,
Channels, Transport Formats, Methods
 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
 Evolution to High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)
 LTE (Long Term Evolution) / SAE (System
Architecture Evolution)
Summary
Appendix: UMTS Open Service Architecture (OSA)
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding LTE and SAE™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
With the current dominance of UMTS in 3G worldwide deployments, it is likely that the evolution of UMTS to LTE (LongTerm Evolution … of the radio access network) and its accompanying SAE (System Architecture Evolution … of the core
network infrastructure) will be the dominant worldwide broadband mobile wireless network of the future. In addition, many
CDMA2000 Service Providers are also planning to evolve their radio access networks to LTE and interwork their existing
CDMA2000 network infrastructure with the new LTE/SAE network infrastructure. This represents a major convergence of
the two global 3G radio and network standards: UMTS and CDMA2000. This course is designed to help students
understand the LTE Radio Access Network and the SAE Core Network evolutions and to provide students with the
maximum insight in the minimum time.
Understanding these technologies will be essential for anyone planning for the next generation of mobile broadband
networks. This course has been designed to provide a solid understanding of both, the new SAE architecture, network
elements, protocols, and message flows for important operational scenarios as well as the new LTE radio technologies.
Mobility and Interworking of LTE/SAE with other major radio access technologies such as CDMA2000 and Mobile WiMAX
is also explained. The coverage of the LTE radio concepts has been designed to provide an intuitive understanding of
how the OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier- Frequency Division
Multiple Access) technologies work and how the capabilities of these technologies will enable significantly higher
performance than 3G.
Course is Designed for
This course is designed for students interested in understanding
the new LTE/SAE architecture and operation and the new radio
technologies used in LTE.
Prerequisites
 ILT: Understanding UMTS
o ILT: Understanding CDMA
 ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies
 ILT: Understanding the Basics
of Data Communications
 ILT: Understanding the Basics
of Wireless Communications
o ILT: Understanding GSM
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Wireless Communications
Course Outline
LTE/SAE Introduction
 LTE (Long Term Evolution): UMTS Evolution to
Next Generation Radio Technology with Evolved
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)
o Evolved Node B (eNodeB)
o Key Requirements for LTE
 SAE (System Architecture Evolution): UMTS
Evolution to 4G Core Network
o Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
100
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR330: Understanding LTE and SAE eDigest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students will be able
to:
 Sketch the architecture of LTE/SAE,
identifying the major new infrastructure
components and their functions
 Trace the message flow between the LTE
radio access network and the SAE Evolved
Packet Core for a cellular handset power-on,
service origination, and active handover
 Describe the architecture and message flow
for an optimized (seamless) handover from
LTE to CDMA2000
 Explain how GPRS, MIPv4 (Mobile IPv4),
PMIPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6), and DSMIPv6
(Dual Stack Mobile IPv6) are used in various
mobility scenarios between LTE and other
radio access technologies
Mobility and Interworking with Other Radio Access
Technologies
 LTE/SAE Roaming Architectures
 Trusted vs. Un-trusted non-3GPP Access Networks
 S2a Interface with Trusted non-3GPP Accesses
 S2b Interface with Un-trusted non-3GPP Accesses
 S2c Interface with Trusted or Un-trusted non-3GPP
Accesses
 Four Protocols for IP Mobility: GPRS, MIPv4,
PMIPv6, and DSMIPv6
o Key Requirements for SAE
o Major New Functional Entities in SAE
 Major Interfaces and Protocols
o S1, X2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S8, S11, S12
 Overview of a Handover Scenario Using GPRS
Tunnel Re-routing
 Status of UMTS LTE/SAE Standards Development
and Deployment Plans
LTE/SAE Fundamental Operational Scenarios
 Message Flow for User powering up, attaching, and
registering
 Message Flow for User activating a packet data
service
 Message Flow for Active Handover from one
eNodeB to another eNodeB
Handover Scenario to 3G UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access Network)
 Optimized/Seamless Handover concept
 Direct or Indirect Data Forwarding for Lossless
Handover
 Optional Direct Tunnel (S12 Interface)
 Preparation Phase
o Message Flow with signaling between the
Source LTE eNodeB and Target 3G UMTS
Radio Network Controller
 Execution Phase
o Message Flow with switching of the data
path to the 3G UTRAN
Handover to CDMA2000 or Mobile WiMAX
 General Concepts for Seamless Handover to
CDMA2000 or Mobile WiMAX
 Example: Message Flow for Handover to
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
101
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.

High-level scenarios for the use of GPRS, MIPv4,
PMIPv6, and DSMIPv6 in LTE/SAE Mobility and
Interworking
OFDM/OFDMA Fundamentals
 What is "Orthogonal" Frequency Division
Multiplexing?
 How OFDM Handles Multipath and ISI (InterSymbol Interference)
 How OFDM/OFDMA Handles Mobility and Doppler
Frequency Shift
 Why there is an Optimum Subcarrier Bandwidth
and Symbol Duration
 Scalable OFDM/OFDMA
OFDM/OFDMA As Used in LTE Downlink
 LTE Frame and Sub-Frame Structure
 Downlink Physical Channels
 Support for Advanced Antenna Systems, e.g.
Beamforming and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple
Output Antenna Systems)
SC-FDMA/DFTS-OFDM Fundamentals
 Why SC-FDMA/DFTS-OFDM for the Uplink instead
of OFDMA?
 Understanding DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform)
Spreading
 Understanding How DFT Spreading combined with
OFDMA produces a Single Carrier Uplink Signal
SC-FDMA/DFTS-OFDM As Used in LTE Uplink
 Uplink Physical Channels
 How the Random Access Channel works
Summary
Appendix: MIPv4 and MIPv6 Fundamentals
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding WiMAX / IEEE 802.16™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
WiMAX is "hot". It is being used to extend the popular Wireless LAN Wi-Fi hotspot coverage to wide-area Wireless MAN
(Metropolitan Area Network) coverage. As done with Wi-Fi, WiMAX capability is included in many notebook computers.
This course explains the 4G technologies behind Fixed and Mobile WiMAX but focuses on IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX.
It covers the physical layer including OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and OFDMA (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiple Access), the MAC Layer, and the Network Infrastructure.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in understanding the technologies
behind Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Radio (OFDM, and
OFDMA) and Network Infrastructure, and having interest in
the latest advances in wireless technology and 4G
developments. Technical sales personnel, product
managers, network planners and development engineers
will enjoy this course.
Prerequisites
Students should understand wireless and digital
cellular/PCS concepts by taking:
 ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR290: Understanding WiMAX e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand OFDM and OFDMA, how they are
used, and why they are the choice for 4G wireless
technology
 Understand how the WiMAX network infrastructure
supports fixed and mobile services
 Gain insights into WiMAX strengths and challenges
 Discuss the major enhancements to WiMAX for
mobility
Course Outline
Introduction to Broadband Wireless and
IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
 Broadband Wireless Access
(BWA)
 WiMAX and 3G Evolution
 Fixed and Mobile WiMAX
 Major Industry Groups
 Applications for WiMAX
 Spectrum Issues
IEEE 802.16e WiMAX OFDM and OFDMA
Physical Layers
 Major Characteristics
 Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Options
 OFDM for Intersymbol
Interference (ISI) Mitigation
 OFDM and the Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT)
 Fixed WiMAX Physical Layer
Major Characteristics
 Mobile WiMAX Physical Layer
Major Characteristics
 WiMAX Data Rates
IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX MAC
Protocols, Messages, and Operation
Scenarios
 FDD and TTD Frame Structure
102
IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX MAC...
continued
 MAC Messages and Procedures
 DL and UL Frame Structure and
Burst Profiles
 DL-MAP and UL-MAP Bandwidth
Allocation
 Ranging Procedures
 Scheduling Services and Handling
Contention
 Subscriber Initialization Procedure
Infrastructure for Fixed and Mobile
Service
 Network Architecture: ASN and
CSN
 Intra/Inter-ASN Handovers with
GRE or Mobile IP Tunnels
 Mobile Station Service Origination
Scenario
 Mobile WiMAX Handover Scenario
Key Radio Concepts for IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
 Multi-carrier Technology
 Adaptive Modulation and Coding
 Orthagonality and Subcarriers
 Non Line of Sight (NLOS)
 How OFDM Combats Multipath
 Delay Spread and ISI
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Key Radio Concepts for IEEE 802.16
WiMAX continued
 Frequency-Selective Fading
 Beamforming or Adaptive Antenna
Systems (AAS)
 Multiple-input Multiple-Output
(MIMO) Antenna Systems
 Achieving Subcarrier
Orthagonality
 OFDM/OFDMA Challenges
 Doppler Impact on OFDM
 Optimizing Subcarrier Bandwidth
IEEE 802.16e Summary for Mobile
WiMAX
 2048 OFDMA
 Relationship to Korean WiBro
 Support for 2048, 1024, 512, and
128 FFT
 Scalable OFDM
 Enhancements for Mobility
 Understanding Subcarriers,
Clusters, and Tiles
 Mobile WiMAX Status
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding UMTS and CDMA2000 Evolution to HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Many Service Providers, even many CDMA/1xEV-DO operators, are adopting an evolution path via HSPA, HSPA+, and
ultimately LTE. The objective of this course is to explain the major concepts in both the Radio Access Network (RAN) and
the Core Network (CN) infrastructure required to understand this evolution path. The architectures and protocols of both
the CDMA2000 and the UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/LTE networks are described along with their major functionalities. In
addition, scenarios are described that illustrate how pre-existing UMTS and CDMA2000 networks can evolve gracefully
while adding the HSPA/HSPA+/LTE overlays.
Course is Designed for
Technical Sales personnel, Project Managers, and others
who need to understand the concepts, technologies,
architectures, and capabilities of the HSPA/HSPA+/LTE
networks in order to plan for the evolution of their network.
Prerequisites
 ILT: Understanding 3G Mobile Network
Infrastructure
 ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to 3G and 4G CDMA2000 and UMTS
Technology Evolution
 Technology Roadmap from CDMA 1x and GSM to
3G
 Technology Roadmap from 3G CDMA2000 and
UMTS to 4G
 Peak and Average Data Rates for the Major
Technologies
 Deployment Status
Major Radio Technologies for 3G and 4G
 CDMA Fundamentals and why it the basis for 3G
o Review of CDMA Basics
 How and Why PN and Walsh
Codes are used in CDMA
o Major Characteristics of CDMA2000
 Major Characteristics of 1xEV-DO
Rev 0 and Rev A
 Major Characteristics of 1xEV-DO
Rev B
o Major Characteristics of W-CDMA/UMTS
 Major Characteristics of HSPA
 Major Characteristics of HSPA+
 OFDM/OFDMA Fundamentals and why it is the
basis for “Beyond 3G” and 4G
o Major Characteristics of OFDMA as used in
LTE
103
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 WIR320: Understanding 3G Mobile Network
Infrastructure e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Sketch the major options for evolution to HSPA
and LTE
 Compare and contrast the capabilities of 1xEV-DO,
HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE
 Discuss the new network elements and functions
needed to interwork an existing CDMA2000 or
UMTS network with an added HSPA/LTE network
3G CDMA2000 Network Infrastructure: The Starting
Point
 CDMA2000 Network Architecture, Protocols and
Interfaces
o The Major A Interfaces (A1 thru A11)
 PDSNs (Packet Data Serving Nodes)
 Mobile IP Home and Foreign Agents
o Mobile IP Tunnels
o Protocol Stacks
o High-Level Operational Scenarios
 Packet Session Setup
Transitions between Dormant and Active States
3G UMTS Network Infrastructure: The Starting Point for
HSPA and Beyond
 UMTS Network Architecture, Protocols and
Interfaces
 SGSNs and GGSNs (Serving and Gateway GPRS
Support Nodes)
o GPRS Tunnels and Tunneling Protocol
o Protocol Stacks
 High-Level Operational Scenarios
o IP Mobility with GPRS Tunnels
o GPRS Roaming
Network Evolution to HSPA to LTE
 Ultimate LTE Network Architecture
 Evolutionary Architectures for Interconnecting and
Interworking the CDMA, HSPA, and LTE Networks
in a Single Service Provider’s Network
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE) ™
Course Length
4 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This is a Hands-on course, designed to provide the student with an in-depth understanding of the technical aspects of
design, analysis and deployment of an LTE RF system. Throughout this course, the student will gain in-depth knowledge
through calculator exercises and detailed analysis using provided spreadsheets. Each module of this course builds upon
the previous modules, culminating in the use of a propagation modeling tool to estimate the performance of an LTE
network, based on equipment specifications, system configuration and environmental variables.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
 Compare LTE to 3G (CDMA) and 4G (WiMAX)








technologies
Describe the basic LTE frame structure and function
Discuss the benefits and limits of MIMO and Adaptive
Arrays for LTE
Perform an LTE link budget
Estimate path loss using both physical and empirical
models
Explain the use of SC-FDMA to improve amplifier
efficiency on the uplink
Describe Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR)
Describe timing options for LTE deployments
Compare different approaches for backhauling LTE
and the oversubscription to traffic engineering rules
Course Outline
LTE Technology Overview
 LTE Technology Variations
 The LTE Radio Access Network
 The LTE Evolved Core Network
 LTE vs. Mobile WiMAX for 4G
Review of RF Fundamentals
 Basic Radio Link Considerations
 Basics of Information Transfer for
Radio
 Working with Decibels
 Digital Modulation and Error Correction
Techniques for LTE
Antenna Considerations for LTE
 General Antenna Types
 Antenna Characteristics
 Antenna Diversity Techniques
 Advanced Antenna Systems for LTE
RF Network Design Considerations
 Operating Frequency and Bandwidth
 Sources of Noise and Interference
 Limiting Factors in Cellular
Deployments
LTE Link Budget Analysis
 Equipment: Parameters and
Configuration
 Link Margins and Service Objectives
 Receive System Performance Analysis
 Co-location Issues for LTE
104
Path Loss Modeling: LOS and NLOS
 Radio Propagation Mechanisms
 Free Space Path Loss Analysis for
Line-of Sight
 Modeling Non-Line-of-Sight Path Loss
LTE and the NLOS Environment
 Impairments due to Multipath in the
NLOS Environment
 The Wide-band Channel and Intersymbol Interference (ISI)
 Mitigating ISI with OFDM
 S-OFDMA: Balancing ISI and Doppler
 The LTE Downlink: S-OFDMA
 Reducing PAPR using SC-FDMA for
the LTE Uplink
Frequency Reuse Techniques for LTE
 Overview of Frequency Reuse
 LTE and Fractional Frequency Reuse
(FFR)
Timing and Synchronization for LTE Networks
 Overview of Network Timing Systems
 Clocking in Asynchronous Networks
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
The "Flat Earth" Model: Engineering and
Business
 Balancing Engineering and Business
Needs
 Capacity Sites vs. Coverage Sites
 Dimensioning an LTE Network:
CAPEX/OPEX Considerations
 "Flat Earth" to Real World
 High Bit Rate Backhaul Options for
LTE
Oversubscription and Traffic Engineering
 Simplifying Capacity Design with
Oversubscription
 Utilization and Delay in Single-server
and Multi-server Systems
 Modeling a Single-server System: An
LTE Backhaul
 Modeling a Multi-server System: An
LTE Sector
Modeling an LTE Deployment Environment
 Real-world Deployment Considerations
 Empirical vs. Physical Propagation
Models
 Equipment Selection Considerations
 Modeling the Propagation Environment
 Modeling System Performance Based
on C/I+N
 Performing a Coverage Study
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Fundamental of Radio: Analysis, Design and Propagation™
Course Length
4 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This is an intense hands-on course, designed to provide the student with an in-depth understanding of the technical
aspects RF system design, analysis and deployment. Technologies used for Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight
(NLOS) radio, from HF to EHF, are considered. Throughout this course, the student will gain in-depth knowledge of RF
through the use of multiple calculation exercises as well as exercises and simulations using provided spreadsheets. Each
module of this course builds upon the previous modules, enhancing the student's understanding of the topic areas.
As an IEEE WCET workshop, this course focuses on the following knowledge areas of the WCET certification exam:
Area 1: RF Engineering, Propagation and Antennas
Area 2: Wireless Access Technologies
Area 7: Fundamental Knowledge
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
 Identify different E-M propagation modes based on
frequency
 Define the relationship between bandwidth and Baud
rate
 Use decibels for gains, losses and power levels
 Describe the various components of a radio and their
functions
 Describe various amplifier types and impairments
 Quantify the relationship between noise and bandwidth
 Determine the bit rate of a channel based on
bandwidth, modulation scheme and FEC overhead
 Describe multiple access using FDMA, TDMA, CDMA
and OFDMA
 Determine Near-field and Far-field regions of an
antenna








Compare VSWR, Return Loss, Reflected Power and
Mismatch Loss
Describe multiple antenna systems: MIMO and
Adaptive Arrays
Perform a cascade analysis for both terrestrial and
satellite systems
Perform link budgets for both Line-of-Sight and NonLine-of Sight links
Determine LOS distance based on the radio horizon
Perform a path loss analysis using a simple physical
model
Describe how Delay Spread and Doppler Spread effect
small-scale fading
Perform a path loss analysis for a NLOS environment
Course Outline
Introduction to Wireless Technologies


A Brief History of Wireless Communications
The Continuing Evolution of Wireless
Technologies

Overview of Modern Wireless Technologies
Radio Wave Characteristics



The Electro-magnetic Spectrum
Propagation Modes of Radio Waves
Radio Spectrum: Licensed and License
Exempt
Fundamental Radio Concepts




Basics of Information Transfer for Radio
Working with Decibels—Gains, Losses,
Power Levels
Basic Radio Components
Wireless Impairments: Internal Noise and
Distortion
105
Digital Modulation and Error Correction Techniques



Analog and Digital Modulation
Getting More Bits per Baud
Error Correction Techniques
Physical Layers and Multiple access Techniques



Basic Access Techniques
OFDM and OFDMA
Spread Spectrum and CDMA
Basics of Antennas and Antenna Systems







E-M Field Radiation: Intentional and
Unintentional
Basic Antenna Types and Uses
Basic Antenna Characteristics
Antenna Field Regions
Care and Feeding of Antennas
Antenna Diversity Techniques
Advanced Antenna Systems
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Link Budget Analysis Techniques



Noise and Noise Sources
Link Budget Considerations
Budgeting the Radio Link
Line-of-Sight Radio Propagation


Defining Line-of-Sight
Line-of-Sight Path Loss Analysis
The Non-Line-of-Sight Propagation Environment



Non-Line-of-Sight Propagation Mechanisms
Impairments due to Time Dispersal
Modeling Propagation Loss in a NLOS
Environment
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Satellite Communications: Earth Station Design and Analysis™
Course Length
4 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Throughout this course, the student will gain an in-depth understanding of the technical aspects of earth station design,
deployment and link budget analysis through calculator exercises and detailed analysis using provided spreadsheets.
Each module of this course builds upon the previous modules, culminating in a complete performance analysis of a
Satellite network, based on equipment specifications, system configuration and satellite parameters.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Course Outline
Digital Communications for Geosynchronous Satellites
 Digital vs. Analog
 Line Codes: Bit Rate, Baud Rate and Bandwidth
 Voice Encoding Techniques: Bandwidth vs. Latency
 Digital Communications Protocols
 Network Timing and Synchronization
Geosynchronous Satellites
 Satellite Communications Overview
 Geosynchronous Satellites: Strengths and
Weaknesses
 Overview of Satellite Access Techniques
Earth Station Equipment
 A Quick Review of Decibels
 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
 Radio Building Blocks
 Earth Station Uplink Equipment
 Antennas and Tracking Systems
 Earth Station Downlink Equipment
 Modems and Error Correction
 Thermal Noise and C/N
 Power and M&C Systems
106
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course the student should be able
to:
 Develop a system design based on
communications requirements and limitations
 Select system components, based on their
specifications, to satisfy system requirements
 Perform detailed EIRP and G/T analysis
 Establish proper signal levels for optimum
performance
 Select the proper access technique based on
system requirements and network topology
 Perform availability analysis based on required
fade margin, equipment reliability and sparing
strategy
 Perform detailed end-to-end link budget analysis
based on system limitations and equipment
parameters
Earth Station Design
 A Comparison of Access Techniques
 Uplink Design Considerations
 Downlink Design Considerations
 Determining System Availability
Link Analysis Techniques
 Overview of Link Analysis
 Spreading Loss and Path Loss
 Satellite Transponder Parameters
 Performing Link Budgets for Bent-pipe Satellites
 Ka-band and Processing Satellites
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
IP Networks Curriculum
IP Networks Curriculum Overview
IP Networks are the fastest growing area of communications, being deployed in landline and wireless environments.
TRA's IP Networks curriculum provides courses, which help students keep up with all the changes. Courses found
within this curriculum offer broad and deep coverage of IP technologies and networks such as TCP/IP, IP routing, the
basics IP networking, details of VPNs, MPLS, Quality of Service, IP Telephony, IP Mobility, e-Commerce, IP Security
and IPv6. Any professional desiring a good understanding of the technology reshaping the communications industry,
will want to investigate the courses within TRA's IP Networks curriculum.
IP Networks Curriculum Courses
Understanding IPv6
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding TCP/IP
Understanding Network Security
Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
Understanding MPLS VPNs
Understanding Voice Over IP
See the product page found in the Core Networks Curriculum
Understanding Quality of Service (QoS)
See the product page found in the Core Networks Curriculum
Understanding SIP
Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks
See the product page found in the Core Networks Curriculum
107
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding IPv6™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
IPv4 has been used in public and private networks for over 25 years, steadily supporting the growth of the Internet and a
growing list of applications. But IPv4 is straining to keep abreast with the size of networks and the broader range of new
service requirements. IPv6 has been designed to specifically address these requirements and is moving into the
mainstream via widespread development across products and growing network deployments. This course details the new
capabilities of IPv6, from new address formats and types to enhanced Quality of Service and Security capabilities. With a
change in IP also comes a change in the routing protocols that support IP networks and companion protocols such as
DHCP, DNS and ICMP. These changes are described and illustrated with examples. With the growth of wireless access
technologies, mobility is a key capability for IP, and this course shows how IPv6 supports this important area. The
challenges and alternative solutions for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 are also discussed.
Course is Designed for
Students in technical positions looking to understand the
role of IPv6 in emerging IP Networks.
Prerequisites
 ILT: Understanding TCP/IP
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to IPv6
 History of IPv6
 Motivation for Moving to IPv6
 IPv6 Deployment Status
 IPv6 Activities and Resources
IPv6 Headers
 IPv6 Header Fields
 Extension Headers
 Packet Size Considerations
IPv6 Addressing
 Address Format
 Unicast Addresses
 Anycast and Multicast Addresses
 Assigning Addresses
IPv6 Companion Protocols
 ICMPv6 Basics
 ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery
 ICMPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery
 DNS and DHCP
108
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet
Protocols e-Topic
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Clearly understand, evaluate, and explain the use
of IPv6 and the potential communications
opportunities it presents
Routing Protocols
 Routing Protocol Review
 RIP for IPv6
 OSPF and IS-IS for IPv6
 BGP for IPv6
Quality of Service and Security
 IPv6 Quality of Service Basics
 Quality of Service Techniques
 Security Basics
 IPSec
 IPv6 Security Issues
Mobility
 Mobile IP Basics
 Bidirectional Tunneling
 Route Optimization
IPv4 to IPv6: Coexistence and Migration
 Basics of Transition
 Tunneling Techniques
 Translation Techniques
 Other Transition Issues
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding TCP/IP™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course provides a technical overview of the Internet Protocol suite commonly known as TCP/IP. TCP/IP is the
underlying protocol suite used for the Internet, IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and Voice over IP (VoIP) making it the
most prevalent form of global communications.
Course is Designed for
Students desiring to understand the role of the TCP/IP
protocol suite when connecting to and using the Internet.
Prerequisites
Students should have a fundamental understanding of
packet switching, data networking and layered
communications, by taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction
 Importance of TCP/IP and Key Definitions
 Theory of Packet Construction and Layering
Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing and Routing
 Symbolic and Numeric IP Addresses
 IP Routing and Route Tables
 Routing Protocols: OSPF, RIP, IS-IS, BGP
 Tier 1 ISPs and Local ISPs
 Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addressing
Internet Protocol (IP)
 Connectionless vs. Connection-Oriented
 IPv4 Header Fields
 IPv6 Header Fields
 IPv4 to IPv6 Transition
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 Sockets and Layer 4 Port Numbers
 Virtual Connection (VC) Setup, Data Transfer, and
Teardown
 Reliable Data Delivery
 Congestion and Flow Control
User Data Protocol (UDP)
 The UDP Protocol
 Application Example: VoIP
109
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP e-Digest
 NET121: Introduction to IPv6 e-Topic
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Clearly understand, evaluate, explain TCP/IP and
the potential communications opportunities it
presents
Quality of Service (QoS)
 Network Performance Factors
 Generic Approaches: Prioritization and Queuing
 Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
 Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
 Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) and Real-Time
Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)
Related Protocols and Applications
 Application Layer: SMTP, POP, IMAP, HTTP,
HTML, FTP, SNMP
 IP Adjunct Protocols: ICMP
Network Security
 Security Risks
 Access Control with Firewalls
 Privacy Control with Encryption
 Identification Control with Authentication and
Certification
 Applying Security Techniques
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Network Security™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
An enormous number of Network Security approaches are available to assure secure communications for a wide range of
requirements. The landscape runs the gamut from firewall configuration to Virtual Private Network services to applicationlevel cryptography. Each comes with its own cost and management issues, so the design of a Network Security solution
for any organization involves many tradeoffs. This course describes the different types of internal and external attacks that
may occur, best practices for protecting against internal and external attacks, and introduces the various security
techniques for protecting against them.
Course is Designed for
Students who want to understand the goals and
implementation options for how to protect networks against
internal and external intercept, intrusion, and deception.
Prerequisites
Students may find it helpful to have a basic understanding
of networking by taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
What is the IP Network Security
Problem
 Objectives, Overview and
History
 Current Goal of Secure IP
Networking
 Security Requirements
Policy and Procedures
 Systematic Approach to
Security
 Policy Definition
 Layered Defenses: Physical,
Network, System, Information
(Data) Security
 Defense in Depth: Network
Perimeter, Server, Client,
Intrusion and Anomaly
Detection
Protocols and Cryptography
Overview
 Security Protocols and
Services
 Cryptography Overview:
Symmetric vs. Asymmetric,
Public vs. Private Keys
 Key Exchange and Delivery
110
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET113: Overview of IP Network Security e-Topic
 SEC105: WLAN Security e-Topic
 WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users e-Topic
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the possible security challenges
 Explain the implementation options
Anatomy of a Firewall
 Types and Basic Functions
 Advanced Firewalls: Intrusion
Detection, Deep Inspection,
Integrated Security Appliances
 Deployment Issues
Virtual Private Networks
 Types of VPNs
 VPN Technologies: MPLS,
PPTP, L2TP, IPSec, TLS, SSH
 Evolution and Future Directions
IP Security (IPSec)
 Securing IP Packets (AH and
ESP)
 Authentication and Key
Exchange (IKE)
 Extensions for Remote Access
 Evolution of IPSec and Future
Directions
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Secure Stream Protocols
 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL),
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
 Secure Shell
 Secure Applications
Wireless Network Security
 Wired Equivalent Privacy
 Wi-Fi Protected Access
 802.11i, 802.1x Access Control
 Evolution and Future
Directions
Server and Client Security
 Network-Borne System
Threats: Viruses, Spyware,
Spam
 System Security Measures
 Network Admission and
Endpoint Control
Example Hacker Attacks / Case
Studies
 Attacks Against Perimeter
Firewalls
 Attacks Against IPSec VPNs
 Attacks Against Applications
 Attacks Against Mobile
Devices
 Evolution of Attack Sources,
Tools, Vectors, and Future
Threats
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding IP Networking and VPNs™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Increasingly, IP-VPNs provide a single, global network for exchanging data, fax, voice and multimedia. This course
explains the important underlying functionality provided by the Internet Protocol (IP) suite in support of IP-Virtual Private
Networks (IP-VPNs) as a means of integrating both data and voice. The course addresses performance and security
issues of IP networks, routing, and the alternative architectures for implementing VPNs, including the use of Mutli-Protocol
Label Switching (MPLS).
Course is Designed for
Students wanting a good understanding of how IP works
over Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Local Area
Networks (LANs), private and public implementations, and
network security.
Prerequisites
Students should have a fundamental understanding of
packet switching, data networking and layered
communications, by taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction
 Advantages of IP Networks
 Layered Services
 VPN Motivations and Goals
Internet Protocol
 Connectionless vs. Connection-Oriented Protocols
 Internet Protocol (IP) Architecture
 IP Address Methods and Management
 IP Routing Protocols
 IP Version 6
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User
Datagram Protocol (UDP)
 Layer 4 Functions – Port Numbers
 TCP Functions
o Virtual Connection Setup
o Reliability
o Congestion and Flow Control
 UDP Functions
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Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
e-Digest
 NET121: Introduction to IPv6 e-Topic
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Apply the layered protocol model to different
products and services
 Identify IP-VPNs opportunities
Quality of Service (QoS)
 VoIP as a Real-Time Application
 Defining Quality of Service
 Differentiated Services (DiffServe)
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Network Security
 Attack Types, Policy Setting, Goals
 Firewalls, Proxy Servers
 Encryption, Authentication and Certificates,
Tunneling and IPSec
VPN Solutions
 VPN Architectures
o Site-to-Site, Remote Access, Extranet
 VPNs and Layering
 Types of VPNs
o Virtual Lease Line
o Virtual Private LAN
o Virtual Private Dial Network
o Virtual Private Routed Network
 Comparing VPN Solutions
o MPLS vs. Non-MPLS Implementations
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding MPLS VPNs™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
MPLS and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)-based VPNs are increasingly being deployed because MPLS provides for a
decoupling of IP addresses from the control architecture enabling improved functionality, simplification, lowered costs,
new levels of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), and additional levels of security. This course details MPLS procedures
and processes, takes a step-by-step approach to standards, and illustrates how traffic engineering and Quality of Service
(QoS) are leveraged with VPN flexible addressing and security.
Course is Designed for
Students who want to understand the power of MPLS and
master the issues, terms, and requirements associated
with MPLS networks.
Prerequisites
Students should have an understanding of MPLS, RSVP,
BGP and TCP/IP by taking:
 ILT: Understanding Multiprotocol Label Switching
o ILT: Understanding ATM
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Communications Networks
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Data Communications
o ILT: Understanding TCP/IP
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Data Communications
o ILT: Understanding IP Networking and
VPNs
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Data Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction
 Definition, Components, Services
 VPN Services
MPLS Fundamentals Review
 MPLS Labels, Label Switched Paths
 MPLS Signaling and Routing
Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN Review
 Layer 2 - Network VPN Technologies
 Layer 3 - IP VPN Technologies
 Future Direction and Opportunities
Using BGP for Label Distribution
 BGP in IP Networks
 BGP Message Formats
 BGP Extensions for MPLS and MPLS VPNs
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET159: Understanding MPLS VPNs e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain why the implementation of MPLS and
BGP-based MPLS VPNs have emerged as highgrowth areas for service providers and enterprise
networks
 Understand how MPLS VPNs improve
functionality, simplify operational costs, and
improve network scalability for VPN services while
continuing to support security and Quality of
Service.
 Understand the IETF standards for MPLS VPN
functions and processes
 Identify the routers and switches that enable MPLS
VPNs
Basic MPLS Layer 3 VPN Set-up Steps
 Network Overview
 Basic Packet Processing Steps
MPLS Layer3 VPN Details and Tool Set
 VPN Routing and Forwarding Tables
 Route Distinguishers and Route Targets
MPLS Layer 1 and Layer 2 VPNs
 Pseudowire Concepts and Setup
 Pseudowire Data Plane
 Ethernet Services
MPLS VPN Performance
 MPLS VPN QOS Goals
 Hose Model and Pipe Model
 Integrating DiffServe, Queueing and Constraintbased Routing
MPLS VPN Security
 MPLS VPN Security Requirements
 MPLS VPNs with IPSec Tunnels
 IPSec at Ingress and Egress PEs
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding SIP™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Voice over IP (VoIP) is growing rapidly in both enterprise and public networks. Drivers for this growth include lower cost,
and the ability to offer new services. SIP is at the heart of many VoIP deployments and is especially important for the
support of services such as presence or web-related features. This course details SIP's capabilities, its interworking with
other networks and protocols, implementation issues, why SIP has become a dominant network control protocol, and its
likely evolution.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in understanding the details of SIP.
Technical personnel, such as deployment engineers will
enjoy this course.
Prerequisites
Students interested in understanding the details of SIP.
Technical personnel, such as deployment engineers will
enjoy this course.
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 VOP204: VoIP Call Control: SIP e-Topic
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the characteristics of the SIP protocol
and how it supports IP based communications
 Describe SIP's interworking with other networks
and protocols
 Identify possible deployment issues and ways to
address
 Explain why SIP has become a dominant network
control protocol, and highlight its likely evolution
Course Outline
Introduction and Overview of Media Streams in SIP Sessions
SIP and VoIP
 Media Packets in an IP Networks
 The Voice over IP
o RTP/RTCP
Market
o Media Coding
 Evolution of SIP
 Session Description Protocol (SDP)
 SIP Benefits and
 SIP and Quality of Service
SIP Extensions
Services
 SIP Components and
 Third Party Call Control
Architecture
 Presence and Instant Messaging
 Basic Call Control with
 Multiparty Sessions
SIP
 Enhanced Service Examples
SIP Servers
Interworking with other Networks and Protocols
 Proxy Servers
 Interworking with other VoIP Call Control
 Redirect Servers
Protocols
 Registration
o H.323
o MEGACO/H.248/MGCP
 Locating SIP Servers
SIP Messages and Procedures
 Interworking with the Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN)
 SIP Message Structure
o SS7 for Call Control
 Transactions, Dialogs,
o Softswitch
and Sessions
o SS7 Integration with SIP (SIP-T,
 Message Reliability and
SCTP/SIGTRAN)
Timers
o Addressing (ENUM)
 Basic Call Flows and
Service Examples
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Security and Session Border
Control
 SIP Security Issues
 Authentication and
Encryption
 Firewalls and NATs
(Network Address
Translation)
 Secure RTP (SRTP)
 Session Border Control
SIP Evolution
 SIP Interoperability and
Peering
 Packet Cable
 Wireless and IMS
 Future Capabilities and
Implementations
Summary
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Broadband Networks Curriculum
Broadband Networks Curriculum Overview
User's insatiable appetite for higher and higher bandwidth never wanes. To keep pace, broadband technologies are
required. TRA's Broadband Networks curriculum provides courses that explain the switching and transmission
technologies used by service providers offering broadband services. Courses within this curriculum describe
technologies such as Digital Subscriber Line, Ethernet in public networks, high-speed wireless in fixed and mobile
Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), Frame Relay, SONET/SDH, optical access and backbone networks, and their
associated broadband services and applications. Students gain practical knowledge by taking the courses found within
TRA's Broadband Networks curriculum.
Broadband Networks Curriculum Courses
Understanding Internet Protocol TV (IPTV)
Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding Public Ethernet
Understanding Digital Subscriber Lines
Understanding Optical Networks
Understanding the Basics of SONET and Optical Networking
Understanding Advanced SONET/SDH
Understanding the Basics of Data Communications
See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum
Understanding the Basics of Broadcast Video Technology
Understanding ATM
Understanding Advanced ATM
Understanding Multiprotocol Label Switching
Understanding Voice Over ATM
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Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) ™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Video service is moving from its traditional architecture to new wired, fiber, and wireless service delivery platforms. "Triple
Play" and "Quad Play" services are a major trend in the communications industry. A key enabling new technology for this
trend is Internet Protocol TV (IPTV). This course provides an overview of the IPTV market segments, architectures,
technology, and services.
Course is Designed for
Professionals desiring an overview of IPTV market
segments, architecture, technologies, and use of IPTV for
"triple play" services.
Prerequisites
The following is recommended:
 ILT: Understanding Emerging Technologies
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Overview
 What is IPTV?
 Motivation for IPTV?
 Course Overview
Video Basics Review
 Properties of Human Vision
 TV/Video Fundamentals
 NTSC and PAL Formats
 Digital Video
Traditional Video Delivery Systems
 Broadcast TV
 Cable TC
 Direct Broadcast Satellite TV
 Triple Play Services
 Quad Play Services
115
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 VID100: Understanding the Basics of Video
Broadcasting e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand IPTV, applications, and markets
 Describe IPTV-based Telco TV architecture and its
elements for "triple play" services
 Understand the options of IPTV using Internet as
the TV distribution channel
 Describe new, emerging IPTV distribution
 Understand the options for IPTV home networking
IPTV Enabling Technologies
 IPTV Concept
 Program Acquisition and Head
End
 Digital Compression, MPEG-2,
MPEG-4
 IPTV Quality of Service
 IPTV and Switched Video
 IGMP and Multicast
 IPTV Video on Demand (VoD)
 RTSP
 IPTV Middleware
 IPTV Set Top Box
 Electronic Program Guide
 IPTV Digital Rights
Management (DRM)
 IPTV Conditional Access
Security (CAS)
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
IPTV Distribution Architectures
 Internet TV vs. IPTV
 IPTV via FTTx and xDSL
 IPTV via FTTP
 IPTV via Cable
 IPTV via Satellite
 IPTV via Metro Wi-Fi
 IPTV via WiMAX
 Over the Top IPTV
Emerging Video Distribution
Concepts
 Video on Cell phones
 MediaFLO
 DVB-H
 T-DMB
 MBMS
IPTV Home Networking
 Wiring
 Wi-Fi
 Set Top Boxes
 DVRs
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Public Ethernet™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Analysts estimate that more than 98% of all data transmissions start and end on an Ethernet connection. Although, once
limited to application use within a business facility, Ethernet is now used in metropolitan and even wide area networks.
This course provides a basic introduction to Public Ethernet, and the requirements for efficient operation.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in understanding how the most
common interface in data communications is being
deployed for use within carrier networks.
Prerequisites
Completion of entry-level communications courses such as
provided by TRA courses:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Overview
Ethernet Evolution
 Rates and Functions
 Standards and Naming Conventions
 Providers
Ethernet Protocol
 Media Access Control
 Full/Half Duplex, Flow Control, Link Aggregation
 VLANs, Class of Service and Phys
Ethernet Networks
 Bridging/Switching
 Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree
 Routed Networks
Metro Ethernet
 Services and Attributes
 Bandwidth Profiles
 Network Architectures
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Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET103: Ethernet Switching and VPNs e-Topic
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the evolution of Ethernet and the
changes that have allowed it to be extended to the
public network
 Compare and contrast the alternatives for offering
public Ethernet services including raw Ethernet,
Ethernet over SONET/SDH, Resilient Packet Ring,
and Ethernet over MPLS
Ethernet over Time Division Interfaces
 Framing Options (GFP, PPP, MLPPP)
 DS1, DS3 and SONET/SDH Transport
 Virtual Concatenation and Link Capacity
Adjustment
Resilient Packet Ring
 Transport Options, Frame Structure
 Traffic Handling and Protection
Ethernet over MPLS
 MPLS VPN Network Elements
 Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS)
 Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
 IP only LAN Service (IPLS)
 Scalability and Hybrid Networks
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Digital Subscriber Lines™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
DSL attracts more subscribers than cable for high-speed Internet access in all areas but North America, while gaining
attention as replacements for business private lines, and delivering digital video programming. This course addresses the
practical issues of DSL; how bits are formatted and sent; and how to test, ensure and guarantee the performance on a
copper loop. The strengths and weaknesses of DSL variants, where DSL is deployed and why, the latest developments,
and new generation DSLAMs are provided.
Course is Designed for
Students seeking fundamental knowledge of how the
technology works and the potential.
Prerequisites
Students should understand basic communications by
taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
 ILT: Understanding Voice Communications: A
Technical Introduction
Course Outline
Introduction to DSL
 Perspective: History, Trends, Architecture
Alternatives, Access Methods
Telco Access
 Traditional and Internet Access Components
 Analog and Digital Transmission
 Local Loops and Impairments
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
 Definition, Standards and Applications
 Coding Techniques
 Frames and Channels
 Deployment: Splitters, Modems, DSLAMs
 ADSL2 and ADSL2+
 Choosing the Best Fit DSL
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Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET230: Understanding DSL e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain DSL from a technical perspective
 Understand how the varying forms serve the
market
 Describe way to deploy
ADSL Higher Layer Protocol Options
 Protocol Basics: IP, ATM and Frame Relay
 Network Access: Cell and Frame
 Impact of DSL Forum network access TR's
DSL Maintenance and Performance
 ADSL Initialization Sequence
 ADSL Channels
 Operational Considerations: Wiring, Handling
Crosstalk, Loop Testing and Qualification
Other Digital Subscriber Lines (xDSLs)
 Historical Perspective
 The xDSLs
o HDSL, SHDSL, VDSL, SDSL, IDSL, ISDN,
DSL
 Regulatory and Competitive Issues
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Optical Networks™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
The growing base of cable modem and DSL subscribers, the deployment of 3rd Generation wireless technologies, the
increasing availability of 802.11 wireless LANs and applications such as online gaming, video distribution, video
conferencing and music file sharing create new bandwidth demands. Optical is the technology most able to affordably
scale to meet the transport requirements.
This course introduces the basic terminology, concepts, capabilities, and issues associated with the optical revolution.
The course addresses the optical infrastructure and issues such as management and control. More specifically, included
are, optical fundamentals, new SONET/SDH protocols, DWDM essentials, automated provisioning systems based on
Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching, and more.
Course is Designed for
Students who have a need for an intermediate level of
understanding of optical networks.
Prerequisites
Students should understand communications basics and
SONET by taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of SONET and
Optical Networking
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Communications Networks
Course Outline
Basics of Optics
 Nature of Light; Optical Fiber
 Transmitters and Receivers
 Dispersion and Nonlinear Effects
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
 History, Components, Fiber Choices, Bandwidth
Potential
 Amplifiers and Dispersion Management
 Ultra Long Haul
SONET / SDH Overview
 Typical Equipment, Rates and Formats
 Topologies and Protections
 Operations, Administration and Maintenance
 Comparisons and Benefits
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 OPT220: Understanding Optical Networks e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand basics terminology, directions,
potential and issues of optical networks
Next Generation SONET / SDH
 Virtual Concatenation and Link Capacity
Adjustment
 Generic Framing Procedure and Forward Error
Correction
 Optical Transport Network
Fiber to the Premises
 Passive Optical Networks
 Fiber to the Node
 Ethernet in the First Mile
DWDM Networks
 Architectures, Equipment
 Layers, Topologies, Protection
 Benefits and Challenges
Optical Network Control
 Interfaces and Architectures
 IP Routing Integration and MPLS
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding the Basics of SONET and Optical Networking™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course is designed to introduce students to the SONET/SDH standard and the basic concepts of optical networking.
A network using SONET/SDH and dense wavelength division multiplexing provides powerful networking capabilities, rapid
reconfiguration around network failures, and the ability for responsive network expansion, efficient network management,
and multiprotocol support.
Course is Designed for
Students seeking an introduction to SONET/SDH and
optical networking, including network and equipment
designers, network planners, members of internal-systems
organizations, and sales and sales support personnel.
Prerequisites
Students should understand basic communications by
taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
Course Outline
Introduction and Overview
 Perspective: Definition, Protocol Model, Evolution
Scenario, and Market Acceptance
Overview of SONET and SDH
 Optic Fundamentals and Digital Hierarchy
 Building SONET Networks: Channels, Tributaries,
Interfaces
Using SONET/SDH
 Frame Structure: Framing and Pointers
 Comparison: SONET vs. SDH
SONET Applications
 Point-to-Point Implementations
 Digital Loop Carrier Systems
 Rings: Local Access, Network Backbone
 ATM on SONET
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 OPT220: Understanding Optical Networks e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the relevant technologies,
implementation, and evolution
 Discuss profitable and non-profitable applications
Network Management
 Standards: Telecommunications Management
Networks (TMNs), Management Networks (SMNs)
 Using Overhead (STS-1) for Network Management
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
 Drivers for WEM and DWDM
 Basics and Future of Fiber, WDM and DWDM
 Deployment Strategies and Applications
 Interoperability Issues
Optical Networking Update
 Optical Switching, Cross-Connecting Wavelengths
 R&D, Fiber Advances, Future Standards
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Advanced SONET/SDH™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
User's insatiable appetite for higher and higher bandwidth never wanes. To keep pace, broadband technologies such as
SONET/SDH are required. This course provides considerable technical depth into the workings of SONET/SDH, network
management, and optical equipment such as dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). This intense and
technically detailed course will be particularly beneficial to design engineers who are developing or sustaining
SONET/SDH equipment, system test engineers, and installation and maintenance engineers or technicians.
Course is Designed for
Design for engineers who are developing or sustaining
SONET/SDH equipment, system test engineers, and
installation and maintenance engineers or technicians.
Prerequisites
Students should understand basic communications by
taking either or both of:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of SONET and
Optical Networking
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Communications Networks
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Overview
Carrier Networking Concepts: Digital Voice and
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
 Digital Network Synchronization
 Timing and Synchronization Concepts
 PDH Relationships, Network Elements and
Limitations
 Frequency Justification
SONET/SDH: Protocols and Concepts
 Features and Benefits
 Evolution from PDH to SONET/SDH
Plesiochronous Networks
 Building Blocks, Architecture and Rates
 Pointers: Processing, Adjustments, Justifications,
Errors
SONET/SDH Path Overhead and Payload Mappings
 Compare and Contrast
o STS-1 SPE and AU-3
o STS-3c SPE and AU-4
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©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe SONET/SDH and broadband
technologies, including their applications,
implementation and evolution
 Detail why synchronization is important, how all
versions of SONET/SDH protection switching work,
the differences of SONET vs. SDH, and their
respective advantages and disadvantages
SONET/SDH Path Overhead... continued
 Mappings
o DS-3 into SPS-1 SPE and VC-3
o E-4 into STS-3c SPE and VC-4
o Packet over SONET
o ATM Cell
o 10G Ethernet over SONET
 Simplified Data Link Protocol (SDP)
SONET/SDH Network Elements and Applications
 Multiplexers: Terminal (TMs), Add/Drop (ADMs)
 Automatic Protection Switching (APS): Linear APS,
1+1, 1:n; Bidirectional and Unidirectional
 Rings: UPSR and BLSR, MS-USHR, Virtual Rings,
SNCP, MS-SP Ring, and MS-DP Ring
 Concatenation: Virtual, Non-SONET/SDH
 Digital Cross Connects
 Next Generation Digital Loop Carrier (NGDLC)
 Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers
(DSLAM)
 SONET/SDH Interfaces of Switches and Routers
 Limitations and Resolution Approaches
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding the Basics of Broadcast Video Technology™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
The course begins by laying a foundation of video knowledge with a discussion of human vision, video formats, digital
video, compression techniques and the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Part 10 standards. We then examine the services,
capabilities, network architectures and future trends for Cable TV, Direct Broadcast Satellite, IPTV, and Internet TV with
an emphasis on the video distribution architectures being used by Telco’s.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in understanding video fundamentals
and the technologies behind video distribution.
Prerequisites
Students should understand basic data communications by
taking:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Today's Dynamic Video Marketplace
 "Triple Play" Services
 Technology Creative
Destruction
 Competing Service Providers
Video Basics
 Properties of Human Vision
 TV/Video Fundamentals
 NTSC Signal
 Digital Video
 Consumer Tips
Video Compression
 Compression Tools
 MPEG Standards
121
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the fundamentals of video and video
distribution
 Describe the network architectures of each of the
major players in video distribution
 Summarize the technology challenges, strengths
and weaknesses for each of the different networks
used to distribute video programming
Cable TV
TelcoTV / Internet Protocol TV
 Modern Hybrid Fiber/Coax
 New Service Capabilities
Networks
 Network Architecture
 Technology Trends
 ADSL2+ and VDSL2
o Video on Demand
 Service Providers and AT&T
o DOCSIS 3.0
U-Verse
o Switched Digital Video
 Video QoE
o HDTV Deployment
 Network Design Challenges
o Cable Labs Standards
o Availability
Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) TV
o Bandwidth
 Architecture and Services
Management
 Technology Trends
o Lost Packets
Modern Fiber to the Premises
o Channel Change Time
Architecture
Internet Video
 Passive Optical Network Basics
 "Over the Top" Video
 Verizon FiOS
 Video to the PC, Cell phone,
 GPON and EPON
iPOD, TV, and Non-Traditional
IP Multicast
Receivers
 Multicast Networks and
 Digital Rights Management
Protocols
(DRM)
Summary and Future Trends
 Internet Group Management
Protocol
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding ATM™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course provides an understanding of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), which may reside within access or
backbone networks. Although ATM isn't "visible" as a service to users, it is essential to the provisioning of many other
services. As a major technology for integrating voice, data, and video traffic on a single network, it is important to
understand where and how ATM is provisioned in support of voice, IP, DSL and Frame Relay services. This course also
present an overview of Voice over ATM.
Course is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals who wish to understand
current ATM technologies, where ATM is deployed in a
network, and the issues involved in migrating non-ATM
traffic to ATM.
Prerequisites
Students should have completed:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Overview
ATM: A Business Perspective
 What is ATM and its Business Advantages
 Status of the ATM Market
 Comparison with FR and IP
ATM Overview
 Combining Circuit and Packet Modes
 Using ATM for Data, Video and Voice
 Virtual Paths and Virtual Channels
 Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits
 Evolution to an ATM Network
ATM Standards and Interfaces
 The ATM Forum
 International Standards
 ATM over Fiber
 ATM for Access
 Interfaces: UNI, PNNI and ILMI
122
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ATM110: Understanding ATM e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand and appreciate the basics of ATM
 Understand why ATM is considered so significant
to the communications industry as a solution for
many of the networking challenges in both the
access and backbone networks
Services Provided to Users
 Service Classes and Adaptation Types
 Quality of Service
 User Specific Service Requirements
 Call Establishment and Signaling
ATM Protocol
 Congestion Control
 Network Management
 Header Functions
Voice over ATM
 ATM Adaptation Layer and QoS for Voice
 Trunking Alternatives
 Distributed Architecture
 Media Gateway Control
Selected Topics
 Video over ATM
 Broadband Access using ATM
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Advanced ATM™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course goes beyond the basics of ATM providing students with a solid understanding of how ATM is deployed in
modern multi-technology networks. With a focus on the technical and engineering aspects of ATM, IP, and Frame Relay,
this course describes the equipment, services, and issues surrounding ATM implementation. Associated business issues
are also addressed.
Course is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals looking for a
comprehensive understanding of ATM, including the
technical, engineering, and business aspects of ATM, IP
and Frame Relay, and their role in today's networks.
Prerequisites
Students should have completed:
 ILT: Understanding ATM
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Communications Networks
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Review of ATM
 Interfaces
 Protocol
ATM for Public Carrier Backbones
 ATM as a Frame Relay Backbone
 ATM for Circuit Emulation
 Internet Backbone
ATM Service Interworking
 Connecting ATM and Frame Relay Sites
Quality of Service in ATM and IP
 Delay and Loss
 Comparisons of DiffServ, IntServ and RSVP
ATM Service Interworking
 Dynamic Routing
 Hierarchical Subnetwork Structure
 QoS-Based Routing
 PNNI Routing and Signaling
 Guaranteeing QoS
123
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 ATM210: Understanding Advanced ATM e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe how ATM works with other protocols
 Understand in-depth engineering complexities
 Identify equipment, services and associated issues
Switching and Routing over ATM
 ATM LAN Emulation (LANE)
 Classical Internet Protocol (CLIP) / ATM
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
 Comparing the Alternatives
Video over ATM
 MPEG vs. H.261 vs. H.263
 Video on Demand (VoD)
 High-Resolution Video Conferencing
 Services and Applications
Broadband Access
 ATM over DSL
 Voice over DSL
 Wireless ATM
 ATM in 3G Wireless
 Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA)
 ATM Passive Optical Network (APON)
 ATM-MPLS Network Interworking
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Multiprotocol Label Switching™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Although it is challenging to manage the separate control planes of Internet Protocol (IP) and Asynchronous Transfer
Mode (ATM), both are often deployed. By using Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), service providers can consolidate
networks, offer new VPN services, and achieve operational cost savings. This course provides a technical and practical
orientation into the challenges and solutions presented by Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS). The architecture,
signaling extensions for Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) and routing protocol to support constraint-based routing,
and the effect of these new designs on IP and ATM networking are described.
Course is Designed for
Students who need a basic understanding of MPLS.
Prerequisites
Students should have a basic understanding of TCP/IP and
ATM by taking:
 ILT: Understanding ATM
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Communications Networks
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 ILT: Understanding TCP/IP
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 ILT: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Evolution to Label Swapping: An Introduction
 Definition of Label Switching
 MPLS Standards
 Early Models
Principles of MPLS
 Forward Equivalence Classes (FECs)
 Label Switch Routers (LSRs)
 MPLS Labels
 MPLS Label Switch Paths (LSPs)
MPLS Label Distribution
 Loop Prevention and Detection
 Ordered vs. Independent Control
 Downstream Unsolicited vs. On-Demand Operation
 Conservative vs. Liberal Label Retention
 Penultimate Hop Popping
Signaling in MPLS
 Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
 Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic
Engineering (RSVP-TE)
 Example Implementations
124
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET150: Understanding MPLS e-Topic
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the solution that MPLS proposes for
the problem of managing a multi-layer network
 Identify the MPLS services that can be used for
revenue generation
 Consider the technical advantages and
disadvantages of deployment in networks
 Form a swift and detailed knowledge base for the
design of networks that feature MPLS
Constraint-Based Routing in MPLS Networks
 Overview of Routing
 Constraint-based Routing
 Enhancing OSPF and IS-IS
 Fast Rerouting of LSP Tunnels
Quality of Service (QoS) in MPLS Networks
 MPLS and QoS
 MPLS Support of Integrated Services (IntServ)
 MPLS Support of Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
MPLS Applications
 Traffic Engineering in Backbone Networks
 VPN Services using MPLS
 VoIP over MPLS
 Emerging MPLS Application: Voice over Packet
Generalized MPLS (GMPLS)
 GMPLS in Optical Networking
 Link Management Protocol
 OSPF and RSVP Modifications for GMPLS
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Voice over ATM™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This course provides a detailed understanding of how voice is transported over ATM. Both the access and backbone
networks are addressed. Wireless ATM and ATM over DSL, and alternatives for CBR voice and AAL2 Trunking for VBR
voice are explained for ATM access and backbone, respectively. Advantages of distributing functionality across a range of
devices is described as are carrier strategies for migrating voice to ATM, and how to perform network tuning to reduce
voice quality issues.
Course is Designed for
Students seeking network solutions for delivering voice,
data and video services on a single network.
Prerequisites
Students should understand packet switching by taking:
 ILT: Understanding ATM
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of
Communications Networks
o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Overview
PSTN Overview
Voice Coding
 Waveform and Linear Predictive Coding
 Impacts of Delay
Review of ATM
 Interfaces
 Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits
 Virtual Paths and Channels
 Cell Header and Adaptation Functionality
 Service Classes
Voice over ATM
 ATM Adaptation Layer and QoS
 Trunking Alternatives
 Media Gateway Control
 Network Migration Strategies
VoATM in Broadband Access Networks
 ATM over DSL
 VoATM over DSL
 Wireless ATM for Mobile Telephony
125
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the alternative ways of transporting Voice
over ATM in the backbone and access networks
 Compare the strengths and weaknesses of Voice
over ATM and Voice over IP, covering QoS,
signaling, web integration, and other issues
Voice over IP
 IP Addressing and Routing
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
 RTP and RTCP Protocols
QoS in ATM and IP
 ATM QoS
 DiffServ and IntServ and RSVP
 Comparisons of Alternatives
VoATM vs. VoIP
 The Customer Premises Network
 The Public Network
 Signaling Alternatives
 QoS
 VoIP over ATM and MPLS
Tuning a Packet Voice Network
 Dynamic Selection of Voice Codec
 Echo Cancellation
 Jitter Buffer Sizing
 Frame Packing
 Bandwidth Utilization
 QoS vs. Over engineering
 Traffic Engineering
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Emerging Technologies Curriculum
Emerging Technologies Curriculum Overview
The advances of communications technologies and market forces have accelerated the demise of earlier technologies
and their applications. The Internet is changing the way applications are used, and the insatiable appetite for mobility
and bandwidth never wanes. The aggressive deployment of FTTP, Cellular 1xEV-DO, IPv6, LTE, WiMAX, IMS, Cloud
based applications and an IP-MPLS core network has significantly changed metro and wide area communications.
Industry consolidation is picking up speed with company mergers increasing demand for network interworking and
security. Keeping abreast of the changes can be daunting. TRA's highly-acclaimed Emerging Technologies Curriculum
helps sort through the complexity of changes.
Emerging Technologies Curriculum Courses
Understanding Emerging Technologies
Understanding Public Ethernet
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies
Understanding IPv6
Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE)
126
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Emerging Technologies™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
The advances of communications technologies and market forces have accelerated the demise of earlier technologies
and their applications. The Internet is changing the way applications are used, and the insatiable appetite for mobility and
bandwidth never wanes. The aggressive deployment of FTTP, Cellular 1xEV-DO, VoIP, Softswitch, and an IP-MPLS core
network has significantly changed metro and wide area communications. Keeping abreast of the changes can be
daunting. TRA's highly acclaimed Emerging Technologies course helps sort the student through the complexity of
technology changes.
Course is Designed for
This fast paced, system level course is intended for
professionals desiring an understanding of next generation
architecture and technologies, and their place in a highly
competitive marketplace. Students attending in previous
years will find this year’s content significantly changed.
Professionals serious about keeping abreast of our ever
changing industry will attend this course yearly.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Course Outline
Introduction
 Emerging Technology Definition
 Next Generation Target Architecture
Passive Optical Networks (PON)
 Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON)
 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)
 Other PON Architectures: Ethernet PON, WDM
PON
Competitive Access Architectures
 ADSL & VDSL
 Fixed Wireless: WiFi, WiMAX, 2-way Satellite
Video
 Video Basics
 MPEG Compression
 Video on Demand
 Telco IPTV Architecture
Emerging Cellular Networks
 Evolution to 3G Technologies
o CDMA2000: 1x, 1xEV-DO, 1xEV-DO Rev A
127
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the fundamentals of wireline and
wireless networks for both voice and data
applications
 Identify terminology and key industry players
 Discuss industry directions from both a
technological and business perspective
 Understand how network evolution continues to
evolve in support of new services
Emerging Cellular Networks continued
o GSM/UMTS: EDGE GPRS, UMTS/WCDMA, HSPA
 4G Direction and Technology
 Advanced Wireless Data Services
 Wireless Video Services
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
 VoIP Architecture
 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
 MEGACO/H.248
 Residential & Enterprise VoIP
 Softswitch and IP Multimedia System (IMS)
Wide Area Networking
 Optical Networking and DWDM
 Metro Ethernet
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
IP Networking
 IPv4 Concerns
 IPv6 Solutions and Status
 IP Virtual Private Networks (IPVPN)
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Public Ethernet™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
Analysts estimate that more than 98% of all data transmissions start and end on an Ethernet connection. Although, once
limited to application use within a business facility, Ethernet is now used in metropolitan and even wide area networks.
This course provides a basic introduction to Public Ethernet, and the requirements for efficient operation.
Course is Designed for
Students interested in understanding how the most
common interface in data communications is being
deployed for use within carrier networks.
Prerequisites
Completion of entry-level communications courses such as
provided by TRA courses:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications
Networks
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction and Overview
Ethernet Evolution
 Rates and Functions
 Standards and Naming Conventions
 Providers
Ethernet Protocol
 Media Access Control
 Full/Half Duplex, Flow Control, Link Aggregation
 VLANs, Class of Service and Phys
Ethernet Networks
 Bridging/Switching
 Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree
 Routed Networks
Metro Ethernet
 Services and Attributes
 Bandwidth Profiles
 Network Architectures
128
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET103: Ethernet Switching and VPNs e-Topic
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the evolution of Ethernet and the
changes that have allowed it to be extended to the
public network
 Compare and contrast the alternatives for offering
public Ethernet services including raw Ethernet,
Ethernet over SONET/SDH, Resilient Packet Ring,
and Ethernet over MPLS
Ethernet over Time Division Interfaces
 Framing Options (GFP, PPP, MLPPP)
 DS1, DS3 and SONET/SDH Transport
 Virtual Concatenation and Link Capacity
Adjustment
Resilient Packet Ring
 Transport Options, Frame Structure
 Traffic Handling and Protection
Ethernet over MPLS
 MPLS VPN Network Elements
 Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS)
 Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
 IP only LAN Service (IPLS)
 Scalability and Hybrid Networks
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
The mega-trends of wireless and the Internet are revolutionizing voice and data communications. Wireless technology has
become ubiquitous for voice applications, and is becoming the access technology of choice for data applications. As
result, new radio technologies and network elements are being developed to offer new service possibilities.
This course focuses on the technologies being deployed or emerging. Also discussed are the major technical concepts
shaping the industry, technologies enabling the use of wireless connections, and the applications previously available only
through hard-wired; connections.
Course is Designed for
Telecommunications professionals who are looking to gain
insight into emerging wireless technologies, into
comparisons, and their potential applications.
Prerequisites
Students should have taken:
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless
Communications
Course Outline
Course Introduction
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 EWT230: Understanding Emerging Wireless
Technologies e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand and appreciate some of the new
wireless technologies being deployed and those on
the horizon
 Gain insight on how these technologies are related
to each other, and their possible impact on the
overall wireless marketplace
LTE/SAE continued
 Major New Functional Entities in SAE, including
Fundamentals of Digital Radio
eNodeB, MME (Mobility Management Entity), S-GW
(Serving Gateway), and P-GW (Public Data
 Speech Digitizing, Coding, and Compression
Network Gateway)
 Channel Coding

Overview of a Handover Scenario
 Digital Modulation

Status of UMTS LTE/SAE Standards Development
 Multiple Access
and Deployment Plans
3G and 4G Cellular
Wi-Fi/802.11
 CDMA Fundamentals for 3G
 Wireless LANs
 Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems
 802.11 and Wi-Fi
(UMTS) and its Evolution (W-CDMA and HSPA)
 OFDM Fundamentals
 CDMA2000 and its Evolution (1x, 1xEV-DO Rev 0
and Rev A)
 OFDM for 802.11a/g
 Femtocells
 How OFDM handles multipath
 Why OFDM/OFDMA for 4G?
 802.11n with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output
antennas)
 Major 4G Technologies: LTE/SAE, Mobile WiMAX,
UMB
 Benefits of MIMO
WiMAX/802.16
 WLAN/Cellular Interworking
Bluetooth and 802.15
 Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN)
 802.16 (Fixed/Portable) WiMAX
 Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)
 OFDM and OFDMA Physical Layers
 Bluetooth
 802.16e Mobile WiMAX
 Other 802.15 Standards
LTE/SAE (Long Term Evolution/System Architecture
 Future Trends
Evolution)
Mobile Broadband Wireless Access
 LTE: UMTS Radio Access Network Evolution to 4G
 802.20 "MobileFi"
 SAE: UMTS Core Network Evolution to 4G
 Two New Standards in 2008
 Wideband Mode
129
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.

130
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
625k-Multicarrier Mode
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding IPv6™
Course Length
2 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
IPv4 has been used in public and private networks for over 25 years, steadily supporting the growth of the Internet and a
growing list of applications. But IPv4 is straining to keep abreast with the size of networks and the broader range of new
service requirements. IPv6 has been designed to specifically address these requirements and is moving into the
mainstream via widespread development across products and growing network deployments. This course details the new
capabilities of IPv6, from new address formats and types to enhanced Quality of Service and Security capabilities. With a
change in IP also comes a change in the routing protocols that support IP networks and companion protocols such as
DHCP, DNS and ICMP. These changes are described and illustrated with examples. With the growth of wireless access
technologies, mobility is a key capability for IP, and this course shows how IPv6 supports this important area. The
challenges and alternative solutions for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 are also discussed.
Course is Designed for
Students in technical positions looking to understand the
role of IPv6 in emerging IP Networks.
Prerequisites
 ILT: Understanding TCP/IP
 ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data
Communications
Course Outline
Introduction to IPv6
 History of IPv6
 Motivation for Moving to IPv6
 IPv6 Deployment Status
 IPv6 Activities and Resources
IPv6 Headers
 IPv6 Header Fields
 Extension Headers
 Packet Size Considerations
IPv6 Addressing
 Address Format
 Unicast Addresses
 Anycast and Multicast Addresses
 Assigning Addresses
IPv6 Companion Protocols
 ICMPv6 Basics
 ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery
 ICMPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery
 DNS and DHCP
131
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
Corresponding Courses
The following has corresponding information:
 NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet
Protocols e-Topic
 NET220: Understanding TCP/IP e-Digest
Expected Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Clearly understand, evaluate, and explain the use
of IPv6 and the potential communications
opportunities it presents
Routing Protocols
 Routing Protocol Review
 RIP for IPv6
 OSPF and IS-IS for IPv6
 BGP for IPv6
Quality of Service and Security
 IPv6 Quality of Service Basics
 Quality of Service Techniques
 Security Basics
 IPSec
 IPv6 Security Issues
Mobility
 Mobile IP Basics
 Bidirectional Tunneling
 Route Optimization
IPv4 to IPv6: Coexistence and Migration
 Basics of Transition
 Tunneling Techniques
 Translation Techniques
 Other Transition Issues
Summary
Release 6.0
INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING
Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE) ™
Course Length
4 day
Training Format: ILT
Availability: As a public and private course
Description
This is a Hands-on course, designed to provide the student with an in-depth understanding of the technical aspects of
design, analysis and deployment of an LTE RF system. Throughout this course, the student will gain in-depth knowledge
through calculator exercises and detailed analysis using provided spreadsheets. Each module of this course builds upon
the previous modules, culminating in the use of a propagation modeling tool to estimate the performance of an LTE
network, based on equipment specifications, system configuration and environmental variables.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this title.
Corresponding Courses
There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.
Expected Outcomes
At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
 Compare LTE to 3G (CDMA) and 4G (WiMAX)








technologies
Describe the basic LTE frame structure and function
Discuss the benefits and limits of MIMO and Adaptive
Arrays for LTE
Perform an LTE link budget
Estimate path loss using both physical and empirical
models
Explain the use of SC-FDMA to improve amplifier
efficiency on the uplink
Describe Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR)
Describe timing options for LTE deployments
Compare different approaches for backhauling LTE
and the oversubscription to traffic engineering rules
Course Outline
LTE Technology Overview
 LTE Technology Variations
 The LTE Radio Access Network
 The LTE Evolved Core Network
 LTE vs. Mobile WiMAX for 4G
Review of RF Fundamentals
 Basic Radio Link Considerations
 Basics of Information Transfer for
Radio
 Working with Decibels
 Digital Modulation and Error Correction
Techniques for LTE
Antenna Considerations for LTE
 General Antenna Types
 Antenna Characteristics
 Antenna Diversity Techniques
 Advanced Antenna Systems for LTE
RF Network Design Considerations
 Operating Frequency and Bandwidth
 Sources of Noise and Interference
 Limiting Factors in Cellular
Deployments
LTE Link Budget Analysis
 Equipment: Parameters and
Configuration
 Link Margins and Service Objectives
132
Path Loss Modeling: LOS and NLOS
 Radio Propagation Mechanisms
 Free Space Path Loss Analysis for
Line-of Sight
 Modeling Non-Line-of-Sight Path Loss
LTE and the NLOS Environment
 Impairments due to Multipath in the
NLOS Environment
 The Wide-band Channel and Intersymbol Interference (ISI)
 Mitigating ISI with OFDM
 S-OFDMA: Balancing ISI and Doppler
 The LTE Downlink: S-OFDMA
 Reducing PAPR using SC-FDMA for
the LTE Uplink
Frequency Reuse Techniques for LTE
 Overview of Frequency Reuse
 LTE and Fractional Frequency Reuse
(FFR)
Timing and Synchronization for LTE Networks
 Overview of Network Timing Systems
 Clocking in Asynchronous Networks
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.
The "Flat Earth" Model: Engineering and
Business
 Balancing Engineering and Business
Needs
 Capacity Sites vs. Coverage Sites
 Dimensioning an LTE Network:
CAPEX/OPEX Considerations
 "Flat Earth" to Real World
 High Bit Rate Backhaul Options for
LTE
Oversubscription and Traffic Engineering
 Simplifying Capacity Design with
Oversubscription
 Utilization and Delay in Single-server
and Multi-server Systems
 Modeling a Single-server System: An
LTE Backhaul
 Modeling a Multi-server System: An
LTE Sector
Modeling an LTE Deployment Environment
 Real-world Deployment Considerations
 Empirical vs. Physical Propagation
Models
 Equipment Selection Considerations
 Modeling the Propagation Environment
 Modeling System Performance Based
on C/I+N


Receive System Performance Analysis
Co-location Issues for LTE
133
©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.

Performing a Coverage Study