SUBMITTED BY:
A.GOMATHIVALLI (III YEAR-ECE)&
C.JAYAPRABHA (III YEAR-ECE)
M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
KARUR.
EMAIL:gomathivalli92@gmail.com
jayasekaren@gmail.com
CONTACT: 9843242349,
9976322742
CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION.

4G EVOLUTION.

ADVANTAGES OVER 3G.

MOBILE GATEWAY.

4G MOBILESYSTEMS.

APPLICATIONS.
1. 4G NETWORKING.
2. VECHILE ADOCH NETWORKS.

FUTURE EXCEPTATIONS.

CONCULUSION.
communication arena. The 4G systems
not
only
will
support
the
next
generation of mobile service, but also
will
support
the
fixed
wireless
networks.
This
paper
presents
an
overall vision of the 4G features,
framework, and integration of mobile
communication. The features of 4G
systems might be summarized with one
ABSTRACT
word—integration. The 4G systems are
The
(fourth
4G
about seamlessly integrating terminals,
mobile
networks, and applications to satisfy
approaching
generation)
communication systems are projected
increasing
user
to solve still-remaining problems of 3G
continuous
expansion
(third generation) systems and to
communication and wireless networks
provide a wide variety of new services,
shows evidence of exceptional growth
from high-quality voice to high-
in the areas of mobile subscriber,
definition
high-data-rate
wireless
network
wireless channels. The term 4G is used
services,
and
broadly to include several types of
networking
broadband
wireless
networks.
communication
systems,
video
to
access
not
only
cellular telephone systems. One of the
terms
used
to
describe
MAGIC—Mobile
4G
is
multimedia,
Anytime anywhere, Global mobility
support, Integrated wireless solution,
and Customized personal service. As a
promise for the future, 4G systems,
that is, cellular broadband wireless
access systems, have been attracting
much
interest
in
the
mobile
demands.
of
access,
applications
and
vehicle
The
mobile
mobile
in
4G
adoch
4G will be capable of providing
Fourth generation:
between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s
Fourth generation also known as
“Beyond 3G", a term used to describe
speeds both indoors and outdoors, with
premium quality and high security
the next complete evolution in wireless
communications. A 4G system will be
4G EVOLUTION:
able to provide a comprehensive IP
solution
where
voice,
data
and
streamed multimedia can be given to
users on an "Anytime, Anywhere"
basis, and at higher data rates than
previous generations. The international
telecommunications
regulatory
and
standardization bodies are working for
commercial
deployment
of
4G
networks roughly in the 2012-2015
time scale. At that point it is predicted
that even with current evolutions of
third generation 3G networks. There is
no formal definition for what 4G is;
however, there are certain objectives
that are projected for 4G. These
objectives include: that 4G will be a
fully IP-based integrated system. 4G
will be capable of providing between
First generation: Almost all of the
systems from this generation were
analog systems where voice was
considered to be the main traffic.
These systems could often be listened
to by third parties. Some of the
standards are NMT, AMPS, Hicap,
CDPD, Mobitex, DataTac, TACS and
ETACS.
Second generation: All the standards
belonging
to
this
generation
are
commercial centric and they are digital
in form. Around 60% of the current
market is dominated by European
standards.
The
second
generation
standards are GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS,
IS-95,
PDC,
CSD,
PHS,
GPRS,
HSCSD, and WiDEN.
100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both
indoors and outdoors, with premium
Third
quality and high security. these will
growing demands in network capacity,
tend to be congested. There is no
rates required for high speed data
formal definition for what 4G is;
transfer and multimedia applications,
however, there are certain objectives
3G standards started evolving. The
that are projected for 4G. These
systems in this standard are essentially
objectives include: that 4G will be a
a linear enhancement of 2G systems.
fully IP-based integrated system.
They are based on two parallel
generation:
To
meet
the
backbone
infrastructures,
one
consisting of circuit switched nodes,
and one of packet oriented nodes. The
ITU defines a specific set of air
interface
technologies
as
third
generation, as part of the IMT-2000
initiative.
Currently,
transition
is
happening from 2G to 3G systems.
As a part of this transition, numerous
technologies are being standardized.
Advantage over 3G:
The advantages of 4G are shown in the
above table...........
Attribute
Major Characteristic
3G
4G
Predominantly voice- data as
add-on
Converged data and VoIP
Hybrid
Network Architecture
Wide area Cell based
–
integration
of
Wireless Lan (WiFi), Blue
Tooth, Wide Area
Frequency Band
Component Design
2 – 8 GHz
1.6 - 2.5 GHz
Optimized antenna; multi- Smart antennas; SW multiband adapters
band; wideband radios
Bandwidth
5 – 20 MHz
100+ MHz
Data Rate
385 Kbps - 2 Mbps
20 – 100 Mbps
Access
WCDMA/CDMA2000
MC-CDMA or OFDM
Forward Error Correction
Convolution code 1/2, 1/3;
turbo
Concatenated Coding
Switching
Circuit/Packet
Packet
Mobile top Speed
200 kmph
200 kmph
IP
Multiple versions
All IP (IPv6.0)
Operational
~2003
~2010
The features mean services can be
information
services,
delivered and be available to the
entertainment broadcast services.
and
personal preference of different users
and support the users' traffic, air
interfaces, radio environment, and
4G MOBILE SYSTEMS:
quality of service. Connection with the
network applications can be transferred
The fourth generation will encompass
into various forms and levels correctly
all systems from various networks,
and efficiently. The dominant methods
public
of access to this pool of information
broadband networks to personal areas;
will be the mobile telephone, PDA,
and ad hoc networks. The 4G systems
and laptop to seamlessly access the
will interoperate with 2G and 3G
voice
systems, as well as with digital
communication,
high-speed
to
private;
operator-driven
(broadband) broadcasting systems. In
addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-
demonstrate the key elements and the
based
seamless connectivity of the networks.
wireless
Internet. This
all-
encompassing integrated perspective
shows the broad range of systems that
the
fourth
generation
intends
Seamless Connections of Networks
to
integrate, from satellite broadband to
high altitude platform to cellular 3G
and 3G systems to WLL (wireless
local loop) and FWA (fixed wireless
access) to WLAN (wireless local area
network) and PAN (personal area
network), all with IP as the integrating
mechanism.
Key elements of 4G vision
With 4G, a range of new services and
models
will
be
available.
These
APPLICATIONS:
services and models need to be further
examined for their interface with the
4G
NETWORKING
design of 4G systems. Figures 2 and 3
COMUNICATION:
IN
Fourth-generation
systems
(4G)
dictate
mobile
entirely
new
approaches and novel infrastructure
solutions to seamlessly integrate the
existing
wireless
technologies
including wireless broadband (WiBro),
802.16e,
CDMA,
wireless
LAN,
Bluetooth, and etc. The key features of
4G mobile systems can be summarized
as follows. First, 4G mobile systems
are
all-IP
based
heterogeneous
networks that allow users to use any
system at any time and anywhere.
Second, 4G mobile systems provide
end-users
with
high-speed,
large
volume, good quality, global coverage,
and
flexibility
to
roam
4G mobile systems provide high-dataservices
numerous
to
accommodate
multimedia
applications
such as video conferencing, on-line
gaming,
etc.
Owing
The key challenges are summarized
between
different types of technologies. Finally,
rate
4GNetworking
to
such
¡ß Multimode User Terminals
¡ß Wireless System
Discovery/Selection
¡ß Seamless Mobility
¡ß Vertical Handoff
¡ß QoS Support
characteristics, we have to face a
number of challenges to migrate
current
4G.
systems
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks:
to
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET)
is a subset of mobile ad-hoc network,
which supports data communications
among nearby vehicles and between
vehicles and nearby fixed
infrastructure, and generally
represented as roadside entities.
Depending on the range of data
communications, nodes in VANET
communicate among themselves in
type of short-range (vehicle-to-vehicle)
or medium-range (vehicle-to-roadside)
communications.
¡ß Vehicle-to-Roadside
¡ß Scalability and Availability issues in
Vehicular networks
¡ß PHY, MAC, Network Layer
(Routing protocols)
Future Expectations:
Fourth-generation network technology
is not so much a new modulation
technology
as
it
is
a
way
of
architecting networks. These networks
will use a variety of mobile packet
radio technologies along with Wi-Fi to
offer
a
ubiquitous
broadband
experience for the mobile subscriber.
In addition, the major application view
of VANETs includes real-time and
safety applications. Non-safety
applications include real-time traffic
congestion and routing information,
high-speed tolling, mobile
infotainment, traffic condition
monitoring, and many others.
Vehicular safety applications include
emergency, collision, car accident, and
other safety warnings. For high
performance, highly robust, scalable,
robust, fault tolerant, and secure
vehicular networking, several
extraordinary challenges are remained
as follows:
WiMAX has been at the forefront of
the move to all-IP end-to-end networks
based on open systems, and this
technology is already being deployed
in fixed wireless applications. The
3GPP and 3GPP2 roadmaps also show
a clear direction toward all-IP end-toend networks and open systems. In all
three cases OFDMA and MIMO are
seen as critical ingredients (Figure 1).
These three mobile technologies are all
moving in the same direction, but they
will probably always be slightly
different for political, commercial and
¡ß Safety and commercial applications
¡ß Mobility and traffic models
¡ß Channel Modeling
¡ß Security and privacy
¡ß Cooperative aspects of vehicular
communication
¡ß Cross-layer optimization techniques
¡ß Vehicle-to-Vehicle
IPR reasons.
Figure 1. Strong Industry Direction
Toward OFDMA
is all-with the latter incorporating
many of the functions that are found in
numerous different boxes in networks
today.
If the network is made up of different
RF technologies, then client devices
must also support multiple RF modes.
This scenario is already occurring as
cellular technologies are introduced
into laptops and Wi-Fi technology
begins to emerge in mobile phones. In
The mobile gateway will emerge as
addition to handsets, these networks
these networks begin to develop. The
will require residential gateways to
mobile gateway, the first-hop router in
support
an all-IP end-to-end mobile network,
broadband
connects base stations with the core
coverage has always been a challenge
network. Because a mobile gateway
in the mobile world and will become
also communicates with base stations,
even more problematic as very high-
it must support IP protocols specific to
speed 4G services emerge. In addition
that radio technology. Sitting behind
to residential gateways, 4G networks
these gateways are the IP core network
will also make extensive use of
and the services domain. Services in an
picocell and microcell technologies to
all-IP end-to-end network are both IP
deliver very high data rates in high-
Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and non-
usage areas.
IMS based. A critical feature of nextgeneration networks is that they are
much simpler than 3G networks. Nextgeneration networks typically have
only two types of devices: base
stations and mobile gateways-and that
CONCLUSION:
the
to
delivery
the
of
mobile
home.
Indoor
As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have been made to reduce a
number
of
technologies
to
a
single
global
standard.
Projected
4G
systems offer this promise of a standard that can be embraced worldwide through its
key concept of integration. Future wireless networks will need to support diverse IP
multimedia applications to allow sharing of resources among multiple users. There
must be a low complexity of implementation and an efficient means of negotiation
between the end users and the wireless infrastructure. The fourth generation promises
to fulfill the goal of PCC (personal computing and communication)—a vision that
affordably provides high data rates everywhere over a wireless network.