Dr. David M. Howard, Jr.
Bethel Seminary
Spring 2013
Telephone: 651-638-6197 / PO Box 7016
E-mail: dhoward@bethel.edu
T.A.: Mark Johnson (mdj94826@bethel.edu)
UNDERSTANDING AND USING THE PSALMS
(OT 611DI)
Course Description:
This course covers the major types of psalms and legitimate ways of reading and
interpreting them today. Consideration is also given to the composition of the Psalter as a
book, including its overall message. Selected topics arising from the psalms are also
covered, and a sampling of ancient Near Eastern psalmic materials is considered.
Course Goals:
Cognitive Goals: Upon successful completion of this course, the student shall be able to
demonstrate adequate knowledge of
1.
2.
3.
4.
The overall structure and message of the book of Psalms.
The major critical and theological issues associated with the book of Psalms.
Proper ways of interpreting and using the Psalms in the present day.
Good research, exegetical, and reading skills.
Affective Goals: Beyond the cognitive (measurable) goals above, several affective goals
are integral to this course:
1. That each student will hear God speaking today through the study of the
Psalms and be transformed in significant ways.
2. That each student will develop a love and appreciation for the Psalms and
gain confidence for using them in Christian ministry.
Required Materials:
1. The Bible. NASB, ESV, RSV, NRSV, NIV, NJPSV, NLT, HCSB are
recommended English versions.
2. Derek Kidner, Psalms 1–72, 73–150. Tyndale OT Commentaries. Downers
Grove: InterVarsity, 1973, 1975. ISBN: 978-08308-4215-5 and 978-083084216-2 (paper).
David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
3. David Firth and Philip S. Johnston, eds., Interpreting the Psalms: Issues and
Approaches. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2005. ISBN: 978-0-8308-2833-3
(paper).
4. Mark D. Futato, Interpreting the Psalms: An Exegetical Handbook. Handbooks
for Old Testament Exegesis. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2007. ISBN: 978-0-82542765-7 (paper).
Course Requirements:
1. Reading and Discussion Forums (30%)
A. Book of Psalms (10%): The book of Psalms will be read through twice in its
entirety.
(1) First, you should read it through in large sections, each in one sitting: Psalms
1-72 and Psalms 73-150. This will be accounted for by the reading form in
Moodle, due March 30.
(2) A second time, you should read the book more slowly, keeping a “diary” of
your reading, as follows. For each psalm, you are to record: (a) a summary of
the psalm’s message in one or two sentences; (b) personal interactions with the
psalm, two or three sentences in length. These interactions may be of many
different types (praise, thanksgiving, lament, intercession, confession, etc.,
stimulated by the psalm), but they must be your personal responses to the
psalm. Due to their personal nature, I will not read them in any depth, but
simply check to see that all psalms have been included.
The notes you make on the psalms must be submitted twice:
Psalms 1–72: April 26
Psalms 73–150: May 17
B. Required Readings (15%): Portions of the textbooks by Kidner, Firth and
Johnston, and Futato will be read, according to the schedule below. You will
account for these readings by the reading forms in Moodle.
C. Discussion Forums (5%): You are required to participate in several discussion
forums. Grading here will be on (1) degree of participation and (2) on quality of
contributions. Grading is on a three-point scale (3=A; 2=B; 1=C).
2. Term Papers (60%)
Two term papers are required in the course, one topical and one exegetical. You may
choose any topic relevant to the course, and any psalm (except ones covered elsewhere
during the course). The text of each paper shall consist of 2000-2200 words (normally, 82
David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
9 pages); this excludes title page, endnotes, bibliography, etc. These papers are due as
indicated below. Late papers will be penalized proportionately. The due dates are as
follows:
Topical Paper: April 19 (end of Week 4)
[outline & preliminary findings are due April 12]
Exegetical Paper: May 24 (end of Week 9)
[choice of psalm is due April 26]
Instructions for the papers are attached at the end of the syllabus. You should steer clear
of study-Bible notes or simple Bible handbooks, and primarily do your own work, relying
occasionally on more substantive resources, such as those listed in chap. 3 of the Futato
textbook.
3. Integrative Essay (10%)
At the end of the course (by May 31), you will write an essay explaining the book of
Psalms to an adult Sunday-School class. You should treat this as you would an open-book
final exam, with a time limit of 90 minutes. Further instructions are found at the end of
the syllabus.
4. Phone/Video Conferences (--)
Two phone or video conferences will be scheduled with the professor during the term,
during which time you may feel free to bring any questions or comments you like. These
are not required. No attendance will be taken nor grades assigned. These are simply
opportunities for those who would like to chat “in person” with the professor. More
details will be announced after the course begins.
Grading Summary
Reading and Forums
Topical Paper
Exegetical Paper
Integrative Essay
30%
30%
30%
10%
100%
Grading Scale
96-100
94-95
91-93
88-90
86-87
83-85
A
AB+
B
BC+
80-82
78-79
75-77
72-74
70-71
0-69
3
C
CD+
D
DF
David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
Note on Moodle: If you have questions about how to use Moodle, problems with
Moodle, or any other “tech” questions, please contact ed-tech@bethel.edu. Someone is at
this e-mail address 8-5, M-F, and sometimes on weekends, as well. You may also contact
the course T.A., who may be able to answer your questions.
Academic Course Policies: Please familiarize yourself with the catalog requirements as
specified in Academic Course Policies document found on the Registrar's website at:
https://bethelnet.bethel.edu/ureg/bssp/acp. You are responsible for this information, and
any academic violations, such as plagiarism, will not be tolerated.
Course Load: An average student should expect to invest ca. 100-120 hours in this class
in order to achieve an average grade. Individual outcomes, of course, may vary. Work
submitted late will suffer proportionately to the degree of lateness.
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
COURSE SCHEDULE
Note 1: Weekly submissions are due by 11:55 pm (St. Paul time) on Friday of the given
week, unless otherwise specified.
Note 2: The schedule below lists the work to be done in the order you should do it each
week.
Note 3: Please note that, in many weeks, some work is due by mid-week and some by
the end of the week. It is your responsibility to look over each week’s entire
schedule before the week begins in order to manage that week’s workload. Note
that the schedule for some weeks begins on one page but extends onto the next
page.
Week 1 (March 25-30): Due date this week is March 30 (due to Good Friday)
Topic:
PSALMS 1-150 and HEBREW POETRY
A-V:
Forum:
Watch the two introductory video clips introducing the course.
By Tuesday (Mar 26), post an introduction to yourself, including
 Where you live (and where you are from originally, if this
is different)
 Which campus you are enrolled in (BSOE, BSSP, BSSD)
 Something about your family
 What type of ministry you are in
 How far along in Bethel's program you are
 An interesting 'factoid' about yourself that would not come
out in most everyday conversations
Psalms 1-150 in two sittings (Psalms 1-72 and 73-150).
Mark Futato, Interpreting the Psalms, chap. 1.
Watch the video: “History of Interpretation of Hebrew Poetry.”
Watch the video: “Introduction to Hebrew Poetry.”
Watch the video: “Hebrew Poetry—Literary Devices.”
Watch the video: “Introduction to Hebrew Parallelism.”
By Saturday (Mar 30): Reading form for one-sitting readings of
Psalms 1-72 and 73-150.
By Saturday (Mar 30): Reading form for the Futato reading.
Read:
A-V:
Submit:
Week 2 (April 1-5)
Topic:
PSALM 1
Read: (1) D. M. Howard, Jr., “The Psalms and Current Study,” in Firth &
Johnston, eds., Interpreting the Psalms, pp. 23-40; M. LeFebvre,
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
Forum:
Submit:
A-V:
Forum:
Submit:
“Torah-Meditation and the Psalms: The Invitation of Psalm 1,” in
Firth & Johnston, eds., Interpreting the Psalms, pp. 213-25.
(2) “The Student, the Fish, and Agassiz”
(3) Read Psalm 1 ten times, using a minimum of three different
Bible versions.
(2) By Wednesday (Apr 3), post 100-200 words reflecting on “The
Student, the Fish, and Agassiz.”
By Thursday (Apr 4): Worksheet 1
Watch the three video clips on Psalm 1.
By Friday (Apr 5), post 100-150 words reflecting on what you have
learned from your study of Psalm 1.
By Friday (Apr 5): Reading form for Howard & LeFebvre readings.
Week 3 (April 8-12)
Topic:
THE COMPOSITION OF THE PSALTER - Part 1
Forum:
(1) By Tuesday (Apr 9), post two responses (25-50 words apiece)
to others’ postings on Psalm 1.
(2) By Tuesday (Apr 9), post two responses (25-50 words apiece)
to others’ postings on “The Student, the Fish, and Agassiz”
Kidner, pp. 1-46; Futato, chap. 2
Watch the video: “Introduction to the Psalter – Part I.”
By Friday (Apr 12): Outline & tentative findings of topical paper.
By Friday (Apr 12): Reading form for Kidner & Futato readings.
Read:
A-V:
Submit:
Week 4 (April 15-19)
Topic:
THE COMPOSITION OF THE PSALTER - Part 2
Read:
G. H. Wilson, “The Structure of the Psalter,” in Firth & Johnston,
eds., Interpreting the Psalms, pp. 229-46; D. M. Howard, Jr.,
“Wisdom and Royalist/Zion Traditions in the Psalter.”
Watch the video: “Introduction to the Psalter – Part II.”
By Wednesday (Apr 17): Post 200-300 words on the following
questions: What are the implications for reading the Psalms that
arise from the way of looking at the Psalter advocated by Wilson?
How does this fit with traditional ways of reading the Psalms? Can
this new way be helpful? Why or why not?
By Friday (Apr 19): Reading form for Wilson & Howard readings.
By Friday (Apr 19): TOPICAL PAPER
A-V:
Forum:
Submit:
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
Week 5 (April 22-26)
Topic:
PRAISE AND THANKSGIVING IN THE PSALMS
Read:
(1) J. H. Hutchinson, “The Psalms and Praise,” in Firth &
Johnston, eds., Interpreting the Psalms, pp. 85-100; Futato, ch. 4.
(2) Read each of the following three times…slowly:
Forum:
(1) By Wednesday (Apr 24): Post 200-300 words of interaction
with one of these psalms. You will need to have read it a few more
times in order to do this.
(2) By Friday (Apr 26): post two responses (25-50 words apiece) to
others’ postings (of psalms you did not do a posting for).
Watch the video: “Psalm Type: Praise/Thanksgiving.”
Watch the video: “Forms of Praise Psalms.”
By Friday (Apr 26):
(1) Choice of psalm for exegetical paper (needs previous approval
from the professor).
(2) Psalms diary (summaries and interactions) – Psalms 1-72
(3) Reading form for the Hutchinson and Futato readings.
Psalms 8, 100, 113 / Psalms 18, 30
A-V:
Submit:
Week 6 (April 29 – May 3)
Topic:
LAMENT IN THE PSALMS
Read:
(1) S. Carney, "God Damn God: A Reflection on Expressing Anger
in Prayer," Biblical Theology Bulletin (Oct 1983), 116-20; P. S.
Johnston, “The Psalms and Distress,” in Firth & Johnston, eds.,
Interpreting the Psalms, pp. 63-84.
(2) Read each of the following three times…slowly:
Forum:
(1) By Wednesday (May 1), post a 100-200-word interaction and
evaluation of Carney’s article.
(2) By Wednesday (May 1), post 200-300 words of how you would
like to see laments used in Christian ministry.
Watch the video entitled “Psalm Type: Laments.”
Watch the video entitled “Form of Lament Psalm.”
Watch the video entitled “Psalm 88 (Lament Example).”
By Friday (May 3), post two responses (25-50 words apiece) to
others’ postings on the Carney article and/or how laments might be
used.
By Friday (May 3): Reading form for the Carney and Johnston
readings.
Psalms 3, 42-43, 73, 88
A-V:
Forum:
Submit:
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
Week 7 (May 6-10)
Topic:
READING PSALMS
Read:
J. Grant, “The Psalms and the King,” in Firth & Johnston, eds.,
Interpreting the Psalms, pp. 101-118.
(1) By Wednesday (May 8): Post 100-200 words of how your
reading of the book of Psalms—whether the one-sitting reading
done at the course outset or the weekly reading of ca. 15 psalms
per week—is impacting your experience of God.
(2) By Friday (May 10): Post reactions to two others’ postings
By Friday (May 10): Reading form for the Grant reading.
Forum:
Submit:
Week 8 (May 13-17)
Topics:
Read:
A-V:
Submit:
MESSIANIC PSALMS and IMPRECATORY PSALMS
Lecture on Messianic Psalms.
Watch the video: “Imprecatory Psalms.”
By Friday (May 17): Reading form for Messianic Psalms lecture.
By Friday (May 17): Psalms diary – Psalms 73-150
Week 9 (May 20-24)
Topic:
EXEGETICAL PAPER
Submit:
By Friday (May 24): EXEGETICAL PAPER
Week 10 (May 27-31)
Topics:
PSALMS OUTSIDE THE PSALTER
PSALMS OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST
Read:
(1) Exodus 15:1-18; Judges 5; 1 Samuel 2:1-10; 2 Samuel 22; 2
Samuel 23:1-7; Jonah 2; Habakkuk 3
(2) T. Longman, III, “The Psalms and Ancient Near Eastern Prayer
Genres,” in Firth and Johnston, eds., Interpreting the Psalms, pp.
41-59.
(3) Selections from W. W. Hallo and K. L. Younger, Jr., eds., The
Context of Scripture, vol. 1: Canonical Compositions from the
Biblical World (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997):
(A) “The Great Hymn to the Aten” (trans. M. Lichtheim)
(B) “Prayer to Marduk” and “Prayer to the Gods of the
Night” (trans. B. R. Foster)
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
Forum:
Submit:
(C) “Assurbanipal’s Coronation Hymn,” “An Assurbanipal
Hymn for Shamash,” and “An Assurbanipal
Prayer for Mulissu” (trans. A. Livingstone).
By Wednesday (May 29): 150-200 words evaluating the ancient
Near Eastern psalmic materials you have read, both on their own
and in terms of how they compare to biblical psalms you have read.
What is the value for the evangelical, if any, of reading such
materials?
By Friday (May 31):
(1) Reading form for the biblical psalms outside the Psalter.
(2) Reading form for the Hallo & Younger and Longman readings.
(4) Integrative Essay
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PSALMS PAPERS
1. Topical Papers
These papers may be on any topic of your choosing. A list of suggested topics is given
below, but you are not required to limit yourself to this list. If a topic you are interested
in does not appear on the list of suggestions, then you must have the topic approved by
the professor. All topics should be discussed with the professor, however, in order to
discuss the feasibility of the topic, the scope and approach of the paper, etc.
Outside resources should be used for such papers, and properly referenced in standard
bibliographic format. The course textbooks are helpful places for beginning research on
given topics, but you should also check Bible dictionaries and encyclopedias for given
topics. The resources in Futato, Interpreting the Psalms, chap. 3 are a good place to
begin, as well. Other resource works may be found in the library or on the Internet.
References to study-Bible notes and lay-oriented Bible handbooks are not acceptable.
Cautionary note: Your paper should most definitely not be simply a compendium of
strung-together references and quotes from various scholarly sources on any given topic.
Your paper must show evidence of your own engagement with the text of the book of
Psalms. In other words, you must show your own original thinking in your paper,
including supporting references to specific psalms or verses. The paper must be rooted in
your own reading of the Psalter, not just others’ work on this. As such, the choice of a
clearly delimited topic is important, since this must all be accomplished within the scope
of 2000-2200 words (normally, 8-9 pages); this excludes title page, endnotes,
bibliography, etc.
Suggested Topics:
An individual psalm genre (type): hymn, thanksgiving, lament, royal, wisdom,
penitential, trust, imprecation, etc.
Imprecatory psalms
Messianic psalms
The afterlife in the Psalms
The enemies in the Psalms
Psalm titles
The “historical” psalm titles
The composition and shaping of the Psalter
Words for sin
The poor
God’s concern for the nations in the Psalms
Vocabulary of worship
Use of laments in the Church
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
2. Exegetical Papers
These papers must be based on your own original study of one psalm, between five and
twelve verses in length. You may not write on a psalm already covered elsewhere in the
class. In addition, you must obtain the professor’s approval for your psalm by April 26. I
will be happy to consult with you before this about choosing an appropriate psalm.
You are not allowed to consult any commentary for this paper. Any use of a
commentary—whether acknowledged or not—will result in a grade reduction. You
should make use of concordances or other reference tools for any word studies, however.
The paper must be 2000-2200 words long, (normally, 8-9 pages); this excludes title page,
endnotes, bibliography, etc. It must contain the following sections.
(1) Introduction: One paragraph should introduce the psalm, orienting the reader to the
psalm and its overall message. This should be written at the end of the process of
producing the paper, but placed at the beginning of the paper.
(2) Text and Outline: Include the text of the psalm from the primary English Bible
version that you used for the paper. The text should be divided into paragraphs
according to your own analysis of the major sense units of the psalm. Do not simply
copy someone else’s outline, but produce your own.
(3) Poetic and Structural Analysis: Include an analysis of the poetic structure of the
psalm. This should be at two levels: (a) the line level, and (b) the overall poetic
structural level. In this section, you should justify your paragraph analysis from No.
(2) above. This is the heart of the paper, and you should devote the most time and
space to this section.
(4) Statement of Theme. In one well-formulated sentence, tell what the psalm is about.
This should be derived from the work you have done in Nos. (2) and (3) above.
Explain and justify your theme sentence in a short paragraph, showing how it is
derived from your previous work.
(5) Theological Analysis: Here you should concentrate on important theological
concepts found in the psalm, whether at the word level (i.e., short word studies), or
at the sentence level (i.e., important theological statements or affirmations, usually in
one or two verses), or at the paragraph level (i.e., the overall flow of thought in the
paragraphs).
(6) Relevance: Include a reflection and/or suggestions as to how the main ideas of the
psalm are relevant to some aspect of contemporary life.
3. Integrative Essay
You must submit an essay by the last day of class, explaining the book of Psalms to an
adult Sunday-School class. You should regard it as an introductory lesson of a multi-week
class on the Psalms, a lesson in which you will orient class members to the book of
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
Psalms and try to convince them of the value of studying the Psalms and of coming back
each week of the class.
You may use your Bible and any notes of your own in writing this essay, but no other
outside helps. The essay should be comprehensive and should outline for laypeople why
and how they should use the book of Psalms with profit. You should treat this as you
would an open-book final exam, with a writing time limit of 90 minutes.
Style and Formatting Guidelines for All Papers
You must type the papers neatly, doubled-spaced, using no larger than a 12-point font. Use
Times New Roman or equivalent font. Please number the pages and a “ragged right” margin
(i.e., not justified right). Any standard scheme of footnotes, endnotes, or text notes found in Kate
L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers is acceptable. However, you must use it consistently, and
provide full and proper documentation for any sources used, including a separate bibliography
appended to the paper. You should list works by author and title of the book, commentary, or
article [not editor!], with any series name and editor appearing at the appropriate place.
You must follow standard academic writing procedures, including writing in your own words,
giving proper credit when quoting or referring to material from another work, and writing in
good English. If you have trouble writing in English, you should have your papers proofread by
someone conversant in English writing skills prior to writing the papers. Your paper’s grade will
suffer if you do not follow the guidelines in this paragraph.
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
A Select Bibliography for Psalms Study
(Spring 2013)
Commentaries
1. Peter C. Craigie, Psalms 1-50. Word Biblical Commentary 19. Rev. ed.
Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2004 [Original: 1983].
Marvin E. Tate, Psalms 51-100. Word Biblical Commentary 20. Waco:
Word, 1990.
Leslie C. Allen, Psalms 101-150. Word Biblical Commentary 21. Rev.
ed. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2002 [Original: 1983].
2. Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms. 3 vols. Grand
Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975 reprint [Original: 1881].
3. Mark D. Futato, The book of Psalms. Cornerstone Biblical Commentary.
Carol Stream: Tyndale House, 2009.
4. John Goldingay, Psalms. Baker Commentary on the Old Testament. 3
vols. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2006, 2007, 2008.
5. David M. Howard, Jr. Psalms 1-72. New American Commentary 12A.
Nashville: B&H Publishing (forthcoming).
Daniel J. Estes, and Psalms 73-150. New American Commentary 12B.
Nashville: B&H Publishing (forthcoming).
6. Derek Kidner, Psalms 1–72, 73–150. Tyndale OT Commentaries.
Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1973, 1975 (paper). [Replacement volume
(in press) is by Tremper Longman.]
7. Hans-Joachim Kraus, Psalms 1-59 and Psalms 60-150. Minneapolis:
Augsburg, 1988, 1989.
8. Frank-Lothar Hossfeld and Erich Zenger, Psalms. Hermeneia. Vols. 2-3
[Psalms 51-100, 101-150]. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2005, 2011.
9. J. Clinton McCann, Jr., “The book of Psalms.” New Interpreter’s Bible,
vol. 4, pp. 639-1280. Nashville: Abingdon, 1996.
10. Willem VanGemeren, Psalms. Rev. ed. Expositor’s Bible Commentary,
2008 [Original: 1991]
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
11. Gerald H. Wilson, Psalms 1-72. NIV Application Commentary. Grand
Rapids: Zondervan, 2002.
Other Resources
1. Robert Alter, The Art of Biblical Poetry. New York: Basic Books, 1985.
2. Adele Berlin, The Dynamics of Biblical Parallelism. Rev. and expanded ed.
Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2007 [Original ed.: 1985].
3. Robert L. Cole, Psalms 1-2: A Gateway to the Psalter. Hebrew Bible
Monographs 37; Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2011.
4. Jerome F. D. Creach, Yahweh as Refuge and the Editing of the Hebrew Psalter.
JSOTSup 217. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996.
5. David Firth and Philip S. Johnston, eds., Interpreting the Psalms: Issues and
Approaches. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2005.
6. Peter W. Flint, The Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls & the book of Psalms. Leiden:
Brill, 1997.
7. Peter W. Flint and Patrick D. Miller, eds., The book of Psalms: Composition
and Reception. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 99. Leiden: Brill, 2005.
8. Robert L. Foster and David M. Howard, Jr., eds., “My Words Are Lovely”:
Studies in the Rhetoric of the Psalms. Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
Studies 467. T&T Clark, 2008.
9. Erhard S. Gerstenberger, Psalms, Part 1, with an Introduction to Cultic Poetry.
Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988.
10. Erhard S. Gerstenberger, Psalms, Part 2, and Lamentations. Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 2001.
11. Jamie A. Grant, The King as Exemplar: The Function of Deuteronomy’s
Kingship Law in the Shaping of the book of Psalms. SBL Academia Biblica 17.
Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2004.
12. Hermann Gunkel and Joachim Begrich, Introduction to the Psalms: The Genres
of the Religious Lyric of Israel. Trans. by James D. Nogalski. Mercer Library
of Biblical Studies. Macon: Mercer University, 1998 [Original: 1933].
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
13. David M. Howard, Jr., The Structure of Psalms 93–100. UCSD Biblical and
Judaic Series 5. Eisenbrauns, 1997.
14. David M. Howard, Jr., “Recent Trends in Psalms Study.” In D. W. Baker and
B. T. Arnold, eds., The Face of Old Testament Studies: A Survey Contemporary
Approaches (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999): 329-68.
15. Hans-Joachim Kraus, Theology of the Psalms. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1986.
16. James L. Kugel, The Idea of Biblical Poetry: Parallelism and Its History. New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
17. J. Clinton McCann, Jr., ed., The Shape and Shaping of the Psalter. JSOTSup
159. Sheffield: JSOT, 1993.
18. J. Clinton McCann, Jr., A Theological Introduction to the book of Psalms: The
Psalms as Torah. Nashville: Abingdon, 1993.
19. David C. Mitchell, The Message of the Psalter: An Eschatological Programme
in the book of Psalms. JSOTSup 252. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press,
1997.
20. Claus Westermann, Praise and Lament in the Psalms. Trans. K. R. Crim and
R. N. Soulen. Atlanta: John Knox, 1981.
21. Gerald H. Wilson, The Editing of the Hebrew Psalter. Society of Biblical
Literature Dissertation Series 76. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1985.
Psalms and Worship:
1. Ronald B. Allen, And I Will Praise Him: A Guide to Worship in the Psalms.
Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1999.
2. Craig Bartholomew and Andrew West, eds., Praying by the Book: Reading the
Psalms. Carlisle: Paternoster, 2001.
3. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Psalms: The Prayer Book of the Bible. Minneapolis:
Augsburg Fortress, 1970.
4. John Calvin, Commentary on the book of Psalms.
5. Hayim Halevy Donin, To Pray as a Jew: A Guide to the Prayer Book and the
Synagogue Service. New York: Basic Books, 1980.
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David M. Howard, Jr. – Bethel Seminary – OT611DI – Exposition of Psalms
6. William L. Holladay, The Psalms through Three Thousand Years: Prayerbook of
a Cloud of Witnesses. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993.
7. Thomas Merton, Praying the Psalms. Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1956.
8. Eugene Peterson, Answering God: The Psalms as Tools for Prayer. New York:
Harper and Row 1992.
9. James W. Sire, Learning to Pray Through the Psalms. Downers Grove:
InterVarsity Press, 2005.
10. Michael E. Travers, Encountering God in the Psalms. Grand Rapids: Kregel,
2003.
11. John D. Witvliet, The Biblical Psalms in Christian Worship: A Brief Introduction
and Guide to Resources. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2007.
12. C. Richard Wells and Ray Van Neste, eds., Forgotten Songs: Reclaiming the
Psalms for Christian Worship. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2012.
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