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Name: __________________________________ Date: ______________________ Period: ______ Food Chain, Food Web, & Energy Pyramids Focus Standard: SB4b. : Explain the flow of energy and matter through ecosystems by: Arranging components of food chain according to energy flow Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid Additional Standard (s): SB3a : Explain the cycling of energy through the process of photosynthesis and respiration. Vocabulary Review: Trophic level: Feeding level; producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, etc. Producer: Mainly plants; produces food for consumers. Autotroph: Another name for producer. Heterotroph: Another name for consumer. Primary consumer: The first feeding level. Eats only plants; Herbivores. Secondary consumer: The second feeding level. Tertiary consumer: The third feeding level. Food chain: A linear diagram that shows feeding order Food web: A branched diagram that shows feeding order and relationships. BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Energy is the key to all life on earth. Without it, each cell could no longer perform the life processes and would surely perish. The need for energy is one of the most central ideas to our study of ecology. Each organism is so dependent upon energy that they spend their entire lives in constant search of it. One of the ways in which organisms obtain energy and pass it through an ecosystem is represented through a diagram called a food chain. Food chains are the simplest energy diagrams, represented in a linear formation, with only one organism in each trophic level (producer, primary consumer, etc….). A more complex diagram called a food web, represented in a branching formation, illustrates the numerous nutritional relationships that exist between the organisms of an ecosystem. It shows the true flow of energy between organisms being eaten and those doing the eating. The arrows in a food chain or food web always point to who is consuming. PURPOSE: Write a detailed purpose explaining the following in complete sentences and paragraph format (use your paragraph to answer EACH of the following questions!): 1. What is this activity about? 2. Why are we doing this activity? 3. How does this relate to what we are currently learning in class? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ PART ONE: FOOD CHAINS: Observe the food chain below. Use it to answer the questions that follow. (first set) ____________→ _____________→_____________→____________ (second set) ____________→ _____________→______________→____________ 1. On the first set of blank lines just below each organism in the above food chain, label the trophic level of each organism using one the following terms: producer (autotroph), primary consumer (heterotroph), secondary consumer (heterotroph), and tertiary consumer (heterotroph). 2. On the second set of lines below that, label each organism within the food chain using one of the following terms: autotroph, herbivore, carnivore, and decomposer. 3. What type of organism must all food chains begin with? ___________________ PART TWO: ENERGY PYRAMIDS: Using the food chain from above, complete the energy pyramid below. 1. Place the organisms from the food chain above into the energy pyramid below. The top of the pyramid is the top of the food chain. The bottom of the pyramid is the bottom of the food chain. Identify the correct trophic level for each section of the pyramid. PART THREE: FOOD WEBS: Observe the food web below. Use it to answer the questions that follow. 1. Which of the above organisms are producers? ________________________________________ 2. Which of the above organisms are primary consumers? _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which of above organisms are secondary consumers? __________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which of the above organisms are tertiary consumers? __________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Which of the above organisms are quaternary consumers? _______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ PART FOUR: MAKING YOUR OWN FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB Below is a table of a select group of organisms from different ecosystems. Carefully read through the information about each organism below and then complete the questions below. Name of Organism Common Prawn Tree Frog Black Bear Orangutan Leopard Frog African Elephant Leopard Seal Sardine Collared Anteater Ants Brown Rat Blue Jay Raccoon Boa Constrictor Mackerel Tarantula Grasshopper Killer Whale Bullfrog Salmon Arctic Fox Stork Crickets Zooplankton Eats…. Algae Crickets, Grasshopper Salmon, Arctic Fox Ants, Leaves Crickets, Grasshopper Grass Mackerel, Sardines Algae, Zooplankton Ants Wood, Leaves Seeds, Nuts Crickets, Grasshopper, Seeds Blue Jay, Seeds, Tree Frog, Leopard Frog Tree Frog, Brown Rat, Bullfrog Sardines, Zooplankton, Common Prawn Blue Jay, Crickets, Grasshopper Leaves, Grass Leopard Seal, Sardine,Mackerel Tree Frog, Leopard Frog Grasshopper Common Prawn, Sardines Leopard Frog, Blue Jay Leopard Frog, Bullfrog Brown rat, Boa Constrictor Grass, Leaves Algae Eaten By…. Mackerel, Salmon Bullfrog, Raccoon, Boa Constrictor Decomposers Decomposers Bullfrog, Stork, Arctic Fox, Raccoon Decomposers Killer whale Leopard Seal, Killer Whale, Mackerel, Salmon Decomposers Collared Anteater, Orangutan Boa Constrictor, Stork Tarantula, Artic Fox, Raccoon Black Bears Stork Leopard Seal, Killer Whale Decomposers Tree Frog, Leopard Frog, Blue Jay, Tarantula, Bullfrog Decomposers Stork, Boa Constrictor Black Bear Black Bear Decomposers Many organisms Sardine, Mackerel QUESTIONS: 1. Construct a Food Chain (remember start with a producer) with four organisms using the flashcards from the table above. 2. Write your Food Chain here:___________ → ____________ → ____________ → ____________ 3. Label the trophic level: ___________ → ____________ → ____________ → ____________ 4. Construct a Food Web below of at least ten different organisms from the table (make sure your arrows are pointing to who is consuming).Your final draft should be on construction paper. 5. Choose one food chain from the food web you just constructed and now construct an energy pyramid with these organisms. Your final draft should be on construction paper. 6. Circle one: Primary consumers in a food chain or food web are always: Herbivores / Carnivores / Omnivores / Autotrophs CONCLUSION: Write a detailed conclusion explaining the following in complete sentences and paragraph format: Use the questions below to guide your explanation of how food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids can be used to explain how energy is cycled through the environment. Also, remember to relate this to things that actually affects you! a. What did you discover about food webs and food chains? Give evidence of your findings. b. How are food chains and food webs similar? c. How are food chains and food webs different? d. How do food webs and food chains show the interconnections of all organisms in the ecosystem? e. What would happen to an ecosystem if one or more of the organisms died out? f. How does this activity relate to everyday life? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Staple all pages and parts together when you turn in! This will count as a major lab grade! Due date:
