NAME ___________________________________________
LAB: ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS USED IN EVERYDAY LIVING
Part 1 - ELEMENTS SCAVENGER HUNT (25 points):
Find 15 examples of elements in items you have at home. Construct your own
chart like the one below. The elements can not be repeated.
DATA TABLE 1 - EXAMPLE INVENTORY TABLE
Common
substance
cereal
Oatmeal
Shampoo
Soap
Charcoal
Element
Name
Potassium
Calcium
Iron
Carbon
Carbon
Symbol
K
ca
Fe
C
C
Part 2 -Laboratory Introduction( 20 points):
You are to find the solubility of several household powders. Solubility is a
property of all matter. You are to chose 5 household powders(flour, sugar, corn
starch, baby powder, salt, laundry detergent, Epsom salts, baking powder,
crushed tums) to test solubility. Solubility is the ability to dissolve in water.
Procedure: Place a little bit of powder in water and observe if it solves in water,
does it float to form a colloid, or dissolve. Once you have testes the powder
complete data table 2. Create your own table like the one below:
DATA Table 2Name of
compound or
mixture
Formula for
compound
Observation in
water
Solubility
Soluble - clear solution
may have a slight cloudiness left- listed as partially SOLUBLE;
Insoluble -lots of solid remaining, very cloudy
PART 3 - MIXTURE OF LIQUIDS - A SIMULATED OIL SPILL ( 20
points)
Make a simulated oil spill by putting 2 -3 table spoons (10 - 15 ml) of mineral or
vegetable oil into a large cup. Then add about 3/4 cup of water.
Oil Spill Cleanup
The oil stay on the bottom of the water. (True or False)
1. The oil is more dense than the water. (True or False)
2. Solubility behavior and density behavior of oil and water is: a chemical or
physical property ?
Procedure:
a.)Devise a method to remove the oil from the top of the water. Available
devices are eye droppers to simulate a vacuum type device, paper towels, pieces
of cotton balls, detergent, anything else that you can think of. Carefully record
and describe which methods were used to separate the oil from the water.
b) Would the method that you used to clean up an oil spill have any applicability
on a large body of water such as a river or ocean? Explain.
PART 4 Chemical Reactions (25 points)
Procedure 1: WHICH METALS REACT WITH ACIDS?
INTRODUCTION:Did you know that pennies come in two varieties? Pennies
minted before 1982 are made entirely from the metal element called copper.
Pennies minted after 1982 contain a core made from the metal element zinc and
the outer layer is made of copper. In this experiment, you will discover the
chemical properties of zinc and copper metals, with hydrochloric, HCl, from Sno
Bol toilet bowl cleaner.
1. First use a wire cutter type pliers or an old scissors to make five or six very
thin cuts on the edges of a 1983 (or newer) penny. Or use a file to remove small
amount of copper metal from the edges of the pennies. The cuts should expose
a silvery metal which is zinc beneath the copper layer.
2. Prepare one cup and fill half full with Sno Bol toilet bowl cleaner or toilet
cleaner(use the thin rather than the thick variety if possible) or any other toilet
bowl cleaner, which contains hydrochloric acid.
3.Next put the one penny into the small plastic cup containing the Sno Bol toilet
bowl cleaner.
4. Make and record observations during the first few minutes. Look for bubbles
of hydrogen gas coming from the edges of the penny or the aluminum foil. Are
the gas bubbles coming from the copper metal or the zinc metal or the aluminum
metal?
5. This chemical reaction of the acid with the penny takes several days to
complete.
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS on metals with acids:
A. Write details of the observations, both immediately and after 1 or 2 days.
B. Questions
1. Which metal copper or zinc reacts with the hydrochloric acid?
2. Which metal copper or zinc do not react with the hydrochloric acid?
3. What is the name of the element in the gas bubbles? Oxygen, Hydrogen,
Chlorine
EXPLANATION:
These observations are an example of a chemical properties and reactions.
Various elements in the original substances undergo a chemical reaction where
elements in compounds rearrange and change "forms" - metals into ions; and
ions into the element form.
The outside coating of copper metal does not react with hydrochloric acid, HCl,
in the toilet bowl cleaner. The zinc metal core does react with the acid, hydrogen
ions, H+, to produce zinc ions, chloride ions, (which are invisible in the water)
and hydrogen gas bubbles (which escape into the air). The element zinc metal
turns into soluble zinc ions. The final result is a "hollow" penny. Two elements
change form: zinc metal changes to zinc ions and hydrogen ions change into the
diatomic hydrogen gas form.
REACTIONS:
Cu metal + HCl ===> No reaction
Zn metal + 2 HCl ===> Zn+2 ions + 2 Cl- ions + H2 gas
RUBRIC
Data table 1(25 points)
______
Data Table 2(20 points)
______
Part 3 (20 points)
_____
Part 4(25 points)
_____
Neatness and on time(10 points)
_____
TOTAL 100 points _____________