Name __________________________
Chapter Nine Review Worksheet
Multiple Choice
1.
What term applies to the division of large numbers or groups of people into layers according to their relative
power, property, and prestige?
a.
diversification
b.
networking
c.
stratification
d.
structure
2.
Social stratification refers to:
a.
an individual’s place in a social class hierarchy.
b.
a concept based on wealth, such as property, but not based on power.
c.
power only as it applies to wealth such as property.
d.
relative privileges.
3.
Which of the following statements is true regarding slavery?
a.
was not usually based on racism.
b.
was justified in the Koran, but not in the Judaic/Christian traditions in the Bible.
c.
was more common among hunters and gatherers than it was in those engaged in
agricultural activities.
d.
was always inherited from one generation to another.
4.
The historic pattern of American slavery shows that:
a.
indentured servants usually became slaves.
b.
slavery was inherited from one generation to another.
c.
patterns of legal discrimination became illegal after the Civil War.
d.
slavery led to the development of racist attitudes.
5.
Caste systems require what approach to marriage?
a.
endogamy
b.
exogamy
c.
ritual pollution
d.
high status
6.
When slavery ended in the United States:
a.
patterns of legal discrimination ended.
b.
a racial caste system appeared.
c.
slavery remained an inheritable trait
d.
whites considered themselves to have a higher status than African Americans only if they had a higher
income and education than African Americans.
7.
Vertical social mobility is possible in a system based on:
a.
matters independent of money or material possessions.
c.
caste.
c.
estate.
c.
class.
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8.
Karl Marx called the group that controlled the means of production the:
a.
bourgeoisie.
b.
proletariat.
c.
estate class.
d.
upper class.
9.
According to Karl Marx, which of the following is the term for workers’ mistaken identification of themselves
with the capitalists?
a.
class error
b.
false advancement
c.
false consciousness
d.
upward mobility
10.
Which of these statements is consistent with the functionalist view of stratification?
a.
stratification is dysfunctional for society.
b.
stratification is the outcome of conflict between different social classes.
c.
stratification will disappear in societies that are characterized by a meritocracy.
d.
stratification is an inevitable feature of social organization.
11.
A form of social stratification in which positions are awarded based on merit is called a(n):
a.
meritocratic system.
b.
egalitarian system.
c.
socialistic system.
d.
democratic system.
12.
Conflict theory, as applied to social stratification, would maintain that:
a.
labor represents a united concept both in theory and in practice regarding unions.
b.
African Americans are no longer pitted against whites regarding wages.
c.
capitalists are triumphing on a global level.
d.
conflict between men and women is no longer over power but is now strictly
over a matter of wealth.
13.
In order to maintain their relative position in society, the ruling elites in democracies:
a.
use technology to help further democracies.
b.
manipulate the media to selectively release information.
c.
pay no attention to checks and balances that exist in society.
d.
rely less and less on technology to scrutinize security.
14.
The classification Most Industrialized Nations includes:
a.
Canada, Brazil, and the United States.
b.
the United States, Switzerland, and South Africa.
c.
France, Germany, and Australia.
d.
Japan, Kuwait, and the United States.
15.
In Brazil, death squads:
a.
are a myth perpetuated to scare small children into behaving.
b.
beat children but do not actually kill them.
c.
are hired by parents to protect their children from street crime.
d.
murder children, and so do the police.
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16.
One significant characteristic of the Least Industrialized Nations is the fact that:
a.
they occupy three-fourths of the land’s surface.
b.
they represent over two-thirds of the world’s population.
c.
most residents now have access to trained physicians.
d.
these countries have a low percentage of the overall growth rate of the world
population.
17.
Why is it difficult to know how to classify some nations into a global system of stratification?
a.
it is difficult because the lines that separate the three levels — Most Industrialized, Industrializing, and
Least Industrialized — are soft.
b.
some nations have moved beyond industrialization, becoming “postindustrial” nations.
c.
some nations have not yet industrialized but are still extremely wealthy.
d.
all of the above reflect problems with classifying nations into a global system.
18.
Immanuel Wallerstein’s theory on world system notes that:
a.
periphery nations develop more than core nations.
b.
Germany was the first to become a core nation.
c.
most African countries are fringe nations.
d.
Britain, Holland, and France are core nations.
19.
In what way did U.S. colonialism differ from that of European nations?
a.
the United States restricted its invasions to Asian nations like the Philippines or Hawaii.
b.
the United States usually chose to plant corporate flags rather than national flags.
c.
colonialism undertaken by the United States was on a much larger scale than that of other industrialized
nations.
d.
the United States was always sensitive to the cultural and religious differences of its colonies.
20.
According to world system theory, all of the following are groups of interconnected nations, except:
a.
core nations.
b.
nations on the semiperiphery.
c.
nations on the periphery.
d.
nations in the internal area that have extensive connections with the core nations.
21.
The culture of poverty theory was used to analyze global stratification by:
a.
Immanuel Wallerstein.
b.
Max Weber.
c.
John Kenneth Galbraith.
d.
Karl Marx.
22.
Why do most sociologists reject the culture of poverty theory in trying to explain global stratification?
a.
because it was developed by an economist, not a sociologist
b.
because it is outdated
c.
because focuses on culture rather than social structure
d.
because it places the blame for poverty on the poor nations themselves, rather than focusing on the
international arrangements that benefit some at the expense of others
23.
Neocolonialism refers to:
a.
recent efforts by the Most Industrialized Nations to colonize Least Industrialized Nations.
b.
the economic policies of the Most Industrialized Nations that are designed to control the markets of the
Least Industrialized Nations.
c.
programs like the Peace Corps that attempt to teach residents of the Least Industrialized Nations the skills
necessary to survive in an industrial society.
d.
the economic policy of the Least Industrialized Nations in which they hold the Most Industrialized
Nations hostage by controlling access to national resources like oil.
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24.
According to the neocolonialist argument, why do so many of the Least Industrialized Nations remain poor?
a.
the Most Industrialized Nations set the prices they will pay for these nations’ raw materials and natural
resources.
b.
the Most Industrialized Nations sell these nations weapons and manufactured goods on credit.
c.
the capital needed to develop the industrial capacity of these nations is used to pay off their debts to the
Most Industrialized Nations.
d.
all of the above.
25.
Which of the following countries have been able to enter the race for global domination because of technology
and outsourced labor?
a.
Korea and India
b.
China and India
c.
Russia and Yugoslavia
d.
Hungary and Hong Kong
Short Answer
1. Compare Marx's theory of stratification with Weber's theory. Discuss why Weber's is more widely accepted by
sociologists.
2. Identify and describe the four systems of social stratification.
3. What is global stratification? Describe the three worlds present in our global society today. Be sure to describe the
world system theory in your response.
Key People – know their contributions to Sociology
Michael Harrington, Gaetano Mosca, Immanuel Wallerstein, Davis & Moore, John Kenneth Galbraith, Melvin
Tumin
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