CESAR CHAVEZ, PART I
Copyright 2007
By Mason
Cesar Chavez was born in 1927 near Yuma, Arizona, in the desert after his
grandparents Cesario and Dorotea Chavez had moved from Chihuahua, Mexico, to
El Paso, Texas about 1880 for a better life as farmers. Cesar’s father Librado
married Juana Estrada, and they had six children. Cesar was their second child and
oldest son. They worked hard as farmers, Librado operated a store and was elected
postmaster but during the Great Depression in 1937 Cesar’s family became poor.
Cesar Chavez nacio en 1927 cerca de Yuma, Arizona, en el desierto despues de que
sus abuelos Cesario y Dorotea Chavez se habian movido de Chihuahua, Mexico, al
El Paso, Texas cerca de 1880 para una vida mejor como granjeros. El padre de
Librado se caso con Juana Estrada de Cesar, y tuvieron seis ninos. Cesar fue su
segundo nino y el hijo mas viejo. Trabajaron duramente como granjeros, Librado
opero una tienda y fue eligido jefe de una ocficina correos pero durante la Gran
Depresion Economica en 1937 la familia de Cesar llego a ser pobre.
They and about 300,000 other people, mostly Hispanics, went to work in farm fields
and orchards in California which often had no bathrooms, electricity or running
water. Cesar attended more than thirty schools, loved learning but sometimes
experienced prejudice and in some schools was forbidden to speak Spanish. He
worked hard in fields while in school, then after graduating from the eighth grade
worked all the time in vineyards. He learned that owners and labor contracters
often cheated workers but at that time he was alone and could not do anything to
help them. In 1944 Cesar Chavez joined the United States Navy.
Ellos y cerca de 300.000 otras personas, sobre todo hispanicos, fueron a trabajar en
campos granjas y huertas en California que a menudo no tuvieron ningunos cuartos
de bano, electricidad o agua corriente. Cesar asistio a mas de treinta escuelas, quiso
aprender pero experimento a veces perjuicio y en algunas escuelas fue prohibido a
hablar español. Trabajo duro en los campos mientras en la escuela, entonces
despues de graduar del octavo grado trabajo todas las horas en vinedos. Aprendio
que los duenos y los contractadores de trabajo enganaron a veces a los trabajadores
pero en aquel tiempo estaba solo y no pudo hacer cualquiera cosa a ayudarles. En
1944 Cesar Chavez se junto a la Marina de los Estados Unidos.
CESAR CHAVEZ, PART II
Copyright 2007
By Mason
After being in the U.S. Navy, Cesar Chavez returned to California where he
married Helen Fabela in 1948. They began teaching Hispanic workers to read and
write so they could become American citizens to openly try to improve their
working conditions. One day, a friendly non-Mexican man from a local
Community Service Organization asked Chavez to join the CSO to help inform the
migrant workers of their civil rights. Chavez picked apricots during the day but in
the evening organized more than 2,000 farm workers to register to vote in just two
months. He became so busy doing this he did not pick enough peaches and lost his
job. He then worked full-time for the CSO.
Despues de estar en la Marina EEUU, Cesar Chavez volvio a California donde se
caso con Helen Fabela en 1948. Ellos comenzaron a ensenar a trabajadores
hispanicos como leer y escribir asi que podrian hacerse ciudadanos americanos para
tratar abiertamente a mejorar sus condiciones de trabajo. Un dia, un hombre no
Mexicano amistoso de una Organizacion Servicia de la Comunidad local pidio a
Chavez a unirse con la OSC a ayudar con el informar a trabajadores emigrantes de
sus derechas civiles. Chavez recogio albaricoques durante el dia pero en la tarde
organizo a mas de 2.000 trabajadores de granjas para registrarse a votar en
solamente dos meses. Se hizo tan ocupado haciendo esto que no recogio suficientes
melocotones y perdio su trabajo. Entonces trabajo tiempo completo para la OSC.
When thirty-five, Cesar quit working for the CSO to organize the National Farm
Workers Union while Dorotea picked fruit to feed their children. Finally 300
members met in Fresno, approved a red flag with a black eagle inside a white circle,
and demanded better work conditions and salaries. In 1965 growers hired men to
beat up Cesar and his members. Some workers including Cesar went to jail. Then
members of the public marched in support. People far from California refused to
eat food from there until conditions improved for the workers. Although Cesar died
in 1993, California and Texas celebrate his birthday on March 31 every year. In
Arizona and Colorado it is an optional holiday. It is the first holiday in U.S. history
for a Mexican American.
Cuando cumplo treinta y cinco anos, Cesar paro de trabajar para la CSO para
organizar el Sindicato Unido de Trabajadores Granjas mientras que Dorotea
recogio frutas para alimentar a los ninos. Finalmente 300 miembros se reunieron en
Fresno, aprobaron una bandera roja con un aguila negra dentro de un circulo
blanco, y reclamaron mejores condiciones y salarios de trabajo. En 1965
cultivadores emplearon hombres para dar palizas a Cesar y sus miembros. Algunos
trabajadores incluyendo Cesar fueron a la jaula. Entonces miembros del publico
marcharon en ayuda. Personas lejos de California rechazaron de comer alimento
de alli hasta que las condiciones mejoraron para los trabajadores. Aunque Cesar
murio en 1993, California y Tejas celebran su cumpleanos en el 31 de marzo cada
ano. En Arizona y Colorado es un dia fiesta opcional. Es el primer dia de fiesta en
historia de los EEUU para un americano mexicano.
BABE RUTH
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Babe_Ruth.jpg
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
America’s greatest baseball player was George Herman Ruth who was
born in 1895. Most people just called him Babe Ruth. When young he
often caused problems for his family. He skipped school, chewed
tobacco and ran with gangs in the streets. He also committed some
small crimes. Finally his parents sent him to a school or reformatory
for boys where a priest called Father Matthias began to teach him how
to play baseball.
El jugador de beisbol mas grande en America fue Jorge Herman Ruth
que nació en 1895. La mayoria de las personas sencillamente lo
llamaron Babe Ruth. Cuando joven a menudo causó problemas para su
familia. Se ausentó de la escuela, masticó el tobaco y corrió con
pandillas (gangas) en las calles. Tambien cometió unas crimenes
pequeñas. Finalmente sus padres lo enviaron a una escuela o
reformatoria para chicos donde un sacerdote llamado Padre Matthias
empezo a enseñarle como jugar el beisbol.
He was a great pitcher and he was also a great hitter. For example he
hit 714 home runs in major league baseball. His record of 60 home runs
in the 1927 season stood for 34 years until Roger Maris hit more in
1961. For many years he was a member of the Yankees team in New
York. One of the nicknames of Ruth was The Bambino. He died in
1948 from cancer, possibly because he had used tobacco too often.
Fue un gran lanzador y fue tambien un gran bateador. Por ejemplo
pegó 714 jonrones en la liga mayor de beisbol. Su record de 60 jonrones
en 1927 duró 34 años hasta que Roger Maris bateó mas en 1961. Por
muchos años era un miembro del equipo de los Yankis en Nueva York.
Uno de los apodos de Ruth fue El Bambino. Babe Ruth vivió desde
1895 hasta 1948. Murió en 1948 de cancer, posiblemente porque habia
usado tobaco con mucha frecuentamente.
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babe_Ruth
NATIONAL HEROES
HEROES NACIONALES
Copyright 2008
By Mason Emerson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Haiba.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Benito_Juarez_Presidente.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:George-Washington.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sceau_Republique_helvetique.png
Different nations such as the U.S. and Mexico have had famous leaders.
The United States even has a holiday called Presidents Day. Some
people call it Washington's Birthday. People celebrate this holiday on
the third Monday of February. It is a federal holiday. Although it
honors George Washington, many people also honor Abraham Lincoln
on that day. George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, and
Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809. Washington was a
military leader who became the first President of the U.S. Lincoln
saved the nation by not letting it divide into two different nations.
Naciones diferentes como los EEUU y Mexico han tenido lideres
famosos. Los EEUU aun tiene un dia de fiesta llamado Dia de los
Presidentes. Unas personas lo llaman el Cumpleaños De Washington.
La gente celebra a este día de fiesta el tercer lunes de febrero. Es un día
de fiesta federal. Aunque honra a Jorge Washington, mucha gente
tambien honra a Abraham Lincoln en ese día. Jorge Washington nació
en el 22 de febrero en 1732, y Abraham Lincoln nació el 12 de febrero
en 1809. Washington era un lider militar que llegó a ser el primer
Presidente de los EEUU. Lincoln salvó la nacion por el no permitir que
se divide en dos naciones diferentes.
Mexico has also had famous presidents and heroes such as Benito
Juarez. In El Salvador Manuel José Arce (1786–1847) is famous
because he fought for independence of Central America from the
Mexican Empire of Emperor Agustin Iturbide who ruled Mexico and
Central America. José Cecilio del Valle (1780–1834) of Honduras wrote
Central America’s declaration of independence from the Empire of
Mexico. Two sisters named Trung Trac and Trung Nhi are heroines in
Vietnam where they led a successful revolt against China almost 2,000
years ago. William Tell is a hero in Switzerland. Joan of Arc is a
heroine in France.
Mexico tambien ha tenido presidentes y heroes famosos como Benito
Juarez. En El Salvador Manuel Jose Arce (1786-1847) es famoso
porque lucho para la independencia de America Central contra a parte
del Imperio Mexicano del emperador Agustin Iturbide que gobernó
Mexico y America Central. Jose Cecilio del Valle (1780-1834) de
Honduras escribió la Declaracion de Independencia de America Central
del Imperio a aparte de Mexico. Dos hermanas nombrado Trung Trac
y Trung Nhi son heroinas en Vietnam donde condujeron una rebelion
exitosa contra China ya hace casi 2.000 años. Guillermo Tell es un
heroe en Suiza. Joan de Arc es heroina en Francia.
FAMOUS ASIANS FLIP-A-COIN BOARDGAME
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
(These public domain images are from wikipedia.com)
Flip a coin (or piece of paper). If it shows heads you go ahead one square. If it shows tails you go ahead two.
The movement is always left to right, top to bottom. Read aloud the words in each square. If a square says Lose
A Turn, you lose a turn. If it says Go Back Two, go back two. This educational boardgame can teach history
and help English Language Learners.
START > Row 1
Deng Xiaoping’s reforms
improved the economy of
China.
Genghis Khan was a
Mongol whose empire
was the largest ever on
earth. Go back 1.
Ashoka united India and
spred Buddhism.
Qin Shi Huang was the
first emperor of a united
China.
Row 2 >
General Yi Seong-gye
established the Joseon
Dynasty (1392-1910) in
Korea. Go back 3.
Minamoto no Yoshitomo
was a Japanese military
leader.
Row 3 >
나는 집을 본다
Confucius founded
Confucianism in China.
Go ahead 2.
Gautama Buddha began
Buddhism in India.
Sejong the Great created
Korea’s own alphabet.
Go back 2.
Cyrus the Great founded
the Persian Empire.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
unified Japan.
The Trung sisters freed
Vietnam from China.
Golda Meir was a
founder and President of
Israel. Go back 4.
King Hammurabi of
Babylon created a Code
of Laws.
THE END
Row 4 >
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
founded modern Turkey.
Hong Xiuquan said he
was Jesus’ brother and
began the Taiping
Rebellion about 1850.
SOR JUAN, MEXICO’S
MOST FAMOUS WOMAN
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sor_Juana.png
Who was Sor Juana Ines? Her full name was Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
de Asbaje y Ramirez. She was born in the village of San Miguel
Mepantla near Mexico City in 1648. Her father was Pedro Manuel de
Asbaje and her mother Isabel Ramirez. Her family was very poor and
after they died she finally had to move to Mexico City and lived with an
aunt.
Quien fue Sor Juana Ines? Su nombre completa fue Sor Juan Ines de la
Cruz de Abaje y Ramirez. Nacio en la villa de San Miguel Mepantla
acerca de la Ciudad de Mexico en 1648. Su padre fue Pedro Manuel de
Asbaje y su madre fue Isabel Ramirez. Su familia fue muy pobre, y
despues de que morieron finalmente tuvo que movir a la Ciudad de
Mexico y vivia con una tia.
She was extremely beautiful and intelligent. She learned to read Latin
before she was ten years old. In 1664 she was invited to live at the
palace of the Viceroy and his wife. About 1670 she became a nun at the
Convent of San Geronimo.
Fue extremamente hermosa y inteligente. Aprendio a leer el Latin antes
de cumplir diez anos. En 1664 fue invitado a vivir en el palacio del
virrey y su esposa. A eso de 1670 se hizo una monja en el Convento de
San Geronimo.
There she wrote many plays, poems and songs. Her poem called
Hombres necio attacked sexism. After she wrote it somebody wrote a
letter saying that Sor Juana needed to not write about anything except
theology. This caused her to write a letter called Respuesta a Sor
Filotea in which she defended the right of women to write about and
have any education they wanted. Some of her literature was also
published in Spain.
Alli escribio muchas obras de teatro, poemas y canciones. Su poema
llamada Hombres necio ataco el sexismo. Despues de escribirlo alguien
usando el nombre Filotea escribio una carta diciendo que Sor Juana
necesito a no escribir sobre mas excepto que la teologia. Esto causo que
ella escribio una carta llamada Respuesta a Sor Filotea en lo cual
defendio el derecho de mujeres a escribir sobre cualquier cosa que
quisieron y a tener cualquier educacion que quisieron. Un poco de su
literatura fue imprimido en Espana tambien.
The Archbishop of Mexico and other powerful people in Mexico did not
like what she was writing, and she had to be more careful. In 1695 she
died while caring for friends sick from the plague. In memory of her
Mexico has printed paper money with her picture.
El Arzobispo de Mexico y otras personas poderosas en Mexico no les
gustaron de lo que ella escribia, y ella necesito a tener mas cuidado. En
1695 murio mientras que cuidar a amigas enfermas de la peste. En
recuerdo de ella Mexico ha imprimido papel moneda con su dibujo.
BENITO JUAREZ
photos of Benito Juarez; courtesy of wikipedia.org
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Juarez was born July 18, 1872 in San Pablo Guelatao, a village
in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. His ancestors were Native
Americans of the Zapoteca nation. His father was Marcelino
Juarez and his mother was Brigida Garcia. His sisters were
Maria Josefa, Rosa and Maria Longinos.
Benito Juarez nacio el 18 de julio de 1872 en San Pablo
Guelato, una aldea en el estado mexicano de Oaxaca. Sus
antepadres fueron amerinidios de la nacion zapoteca. Su
padre fue Marcelino Juarez y su madre fue Brigida Garcia.
Sus hermanas fuera Maria Josefa, Rosa y Maria Longinos.
When young he only spoke the Zapoteca language. His parents
died when he was only four years old. He lived with an uncle
and cared for his sheep. Somebody stole one of the sheep in
1818 and, afraid of punishment from his uncle, Benito fled to
an aunt in Oaxaca.
Cuando joven solamente hablo la lengua zapoteca. Sus padres
murieron cuando tuvo solamente cuatro anos. Vivio con un tio
y cuido para sus ovejas. Alguien robo a uno de las oveja en
1818 y para eludir castigo de su tio, Benito huyo a una tio en
Oaxaca.
His aunt worked as a maid for a rich Italian family named
Mazza. A monk named Antonio Salanueva taught him. He
became active in politics and in 1843 he married Margarita
Maza, the daughter of a rich Creole family. He fought for
Mexico against the United States in the war of 1848, but when
Santa Ana later tried to put him into prison he fled to New
Orleans in the U.S. and earned money making cigars.
Su tia trabajo como criada para una familia italiana rica
nombrada los Mazza. Un monje llamado Antonio Salanueva le
enseno a el. Se hizo activo en las politicas. En 1843 se caso con
Margarita Maza, la hija de una familia rica criolla. Lucho
para Mexico contra los Estados Unidos en la guerra de 1848,
pero cuando Santa Ana mas adelante trato de meterlo en
prison huyo a Nuevo Orleans en los EEUU y gano dinero por el
hacer de cigarros.
He also received help in Paso del Norte, Texas when the French
army of Napoleon III invaded Mexico and Maximilian I was
emperor. After the French were defeated he fought for many
reforms. For example he ended slavery and outlawed the
abuse of Native Americans.
Tambien recibio ayuda en el Paso del Norte, Tejas, cuando el
ejercito frances de Napoleon III invadio a Mexico y
Maximiliano I fue emperador. Despues de que los franceses
fueron derrotados el lucho para muchas reformas. Por
ejemplo termino la esclavitud y prohibio el abuso de
amerindios.
He had a stroke in 1870. His wife died in 1871. On July 18,
1872 he had a heart attack and died. In admiration for his
battle to have more democracy and begin reforms to help the
people of Mexico, many Americans call him the “George
Washington” or “Abraham Lincoln” of Mexico. One of his
main fans was Abraham Lincoln.
Tuvo un ataque de apoplejia en 1870. Su esposa murio en
1871. El 18 de julio de 1872 tuvo un ataque de corazon y
murio. En admiracion para su batalla para tener mas
democracia y empezar reformas para ayudar a la gente de
Mexico, hoy muchos de los americanos lo llaman el “Jorge
Washington” o “Abrahan Lincoln” de Mexico. Uno de sus
aficionados principales fue Abrahan Lincoln.
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Juarez
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapotec_people
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pablo_Guelatao
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca%2C_Oaxaca
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_of_Ayutla
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico
PHOTOS
http://flickr.com/search/?q=Oaxaca
http://flickr.com/search/?q=Zapoteca&m=text
BENITO JUAREZ
DECODE THE LETTERS
Benito Juarez, Oaxaca, Zapoteca nation, Brigida Garcia, his
parents died, a rich Italian family, active in politics, Santa Ana,
Paso del Norte, he ended slavery, stroke, heart attack, more
democracy, one of his main fans, Abraham Lincoln
DECODE THE NUMBERS
BENITO JUAREZ WORDFIND
Benito Juarez, Oaxaca, Zapoteca nation, Brigida Garcia, his
parents died, a rich Italian family, active in politics, Santa Ana,
Paso del Norte, he ended slavery, stroke, heart attack, more
democracy, one of his main fans, Abraham Lincoln
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FAMOUS MEN FLIP-A-COIN
BOARDGAME
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
(The public domain images are from wikipedia.com)
Flip a coin (or piece of paper). If it shows heads you go ahead one square. If it shows tails
you go ahead two squares. The movement is always left to right, top to bottom. Read aloud
the words in each square. If a square says Lose A Turn, you lose a turn. If it says Go Back
Two, go back two. This educational game can teach history and help English Language
Learners.
START Row 1 >
Sitting Bull was a great
Amerindian leader.
Henry Durant
( Swiss) founded the
international Red Cross.
Gandhi was the Father of
modern India.
Christopher Columbus
found America in 1492
for Spain.
Benito Juarez freed
Mexico from France.
President Abraham
Lincoln freed the slaves.
Go forward to Harriett
Beecher Stowe.
George Washington led
patriots and became the
first U.S. President.
Row 2 >
Hitler was a German
dictator.
Row 3 >
Albert Einstein made
discoveries about mass,
energy and time.
Joseph Stalin was a
dictator in the USSR.
Napoleon was a French
emperor.
Julius Caesar was a
Roman dictator.
Peter the Great made
Russia a great European
power.
Tecumseh sought to unite
Amerindians in battle.
Row 4 >
Nikola Tesla (Serbian)
was a physicist and
inventor.
Zheng He explored for
China.
THE END
FAMOUS MEXICANS
Courtesy of wikipedia.org
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Some famous people in Mexico were President Benito Juarez,
General Emiliano Zapata, General Pancho Villa and General
Lorenzo de Zavala. Sor Juana de la Cruz was a very famous
woman because she wrote in favor of more rights for women.
Emperors Cuauhtemoc and Moctezuma were important Aztec
leaders. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla began the War Of
Independence against Spain.
Unas personas famosas de Mexico fueron el President Benito
Juarez, el General Emiliano Zapata, el General Pancho Villa, y
el General Lorenzo de Zavala. Sor Juana de la Cruz fue una
mujer muy famosa porque escribio para a favor de derechas de
las mujeres. Los emperadores Cuauhtemoc y Moctezuma
fueron lideres aztecas importantes. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
empezo la Guerra de Independencia contra Espana
Lizardi wrote El Periquillo Sarniento, and Azuela wrote Los
De Abajo. Guzman wrote El Aguila y La Serpiente; Gregorio
Lopez y Fuentes wrote El Indio. They are about Mexico, its
wars and its people including the Native Americans. Oscar
Chavez was one of the many famous composers of Mexico. A
great musical composer and poet was Angel Lara. His full
name was Ángel Agustín María Carlos Fausto Mariano
Alfonso del Sagrado Corazon Lara y Aguirre del Pino.
Lizardi escribio El Periquillo Sarniento, Azuela escribio Los
De Abajo. Guzman escribio El Aguila y La Serpiente;
Gregorio Lopez y Fuentes escribio El Indio. Ellos son sobre
Mexico, sus guerra y la gente incluyendo los amerindios.
Oscar Chavez fue uno de los muchos compositores famosos de
Mexico. Un compositor de musica y poeta grande fue Angel
Lara. Su nombre entero fue Ángel Agustin Maria Carlos
Fausto Mariano Alfonso del Sagrado Corazon Lara y Aguirre
del Pino.
Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro
Siqueiros were famous artists. Frida Kahlo was a famous
female artist. Anthony Quinn, Roberto Montalban and
Cantinflas were famous movie stars. Quinn was born in
Chihuahua. Montalban was born in Mexico City. Cantinflas
was born in Santa Maria la Redonda neighborhood of Mexico
City. The famous American comedian Charlie Chaplin called
Cantinflas "the greatest comedian in the world."
Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro
Siqueiros fueron artistas famosas. Frida Kahlo fue una artista
famosa. Anthony Quinn, Ricardo Montalban y Mario Moreno
Reyes (Cantinflas) fueron estrellas famosos de cine. Quinn
nacio en Chihuahua. Montalban nacio en la Ciudad de
Mexico. Cantinflas nacio en el barrio Santa Maria la Redonda
en la Ciudad de Mexico. El comico famoso americano Charlie
Chaplin dijo que Cantinflas fue “el comico mas grande del
mundo.”
Here are some famous Mexican women on television and their
places of birth: Liza Echeverria (Mexico City), Karla
Martínez (Ciudad Juarez) , Ana Patricia Navidad Lara (El
Carrizal in Sinaloa), Angelica Vale (Mexico City).
Aqui hay unas de las mujeres famosas mexicanas en la
television y sus lugares de nacimiento: Liza Echeverria
(Ciudad de Mexico), Karla Martínez (Ciudad Juarez) , Ana
Patricia Navidad Lara (El Carrizal in Sinaloa), Angelica Vale
(Ciudad de Mexico).
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sor_Juana_de_la_Cruz
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liza_Echeverria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karla_Mart%C3%ADnez
FAMOUS WOMEN FLIP-A-COIN
BOARDGAME
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
(The public domain images are from wikipedia.com)
Flip a coin (or piece of paper). If it shows heads you go ahead one square. If it
shows tails you go ahead two. The movement is always left to right, top to bottom.
Read aloud the words in each square. If a square says Lose A Turn, you lose a turn.
If it says Go Back Two, go back two. This educational boardgame can teach history
and help English Language Learners.
START Row 1 >
Jane Addams helped
migrants and worked for
world peace.
Sor Juana de la Cruz is
Mexico’s most famous
woman. Go back 2.
Annie Oakley was an
incredible sharpshooter.
Pocahontas helped the
colonists.
Row 2 >
Harriet Tubman helped
over 70 slaves to escape to
Canada. Go ahead 3.
Harriett Beecher Stowe’s
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
helped start the Civil
War and free the slaves.
Joan of Arc freed
France. Go back 4!
Louisa Mae Alcott wrote
Little Women and other
novels.
Row 3 >
Laura Ingalls Wilder
wrote Little House On
The Prairie etc. Go
ahead 1.
Row 4 >
Clara Barton organized
the American Red Cross.
The Trưng Sisters freed
Vietnam from China.
Marie Skłodowska-Curie
was a scientist who
pioneered in
radioactivity.
Helen Keller was the first
deaf and blind college
graduate. Lose a turn.
Geraldine Ferraro was
the first female Vice
Presidential candidate.
Hillary Clinton was
born in 1947. Go back
2.
Indira Gandhi was
India’s first female Prime
Minister.
PANCHO VILLA
Photos of Pancho Villa as a child and later as a guerrilla leader; courtesy of
wikipedia.org. Source for the photo on the left: Museo de la Fotografía-INAH
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Pancho Villa’s real name was Jose Doroteo Arango Arámbula.
Born in the state of Durango in 1878, at age 16 Arango killed a
rich man who had attacked his sister. He fled into the
mountains and joined a group led by a man named Pancho
Villa. After Pancho Villa was slain Jose Arango took his name.
Later in Chihuahua Pancho Villa supported Francisco
Madero’s fight to help Mexico’s people.
El nombre verdadero de Pancho Villa era Jose Doroteo
Arango Arámbula. Nacido en el estado de Durango en 1878, a
16 anos de edad Arango mato a un hombre rico que habia
atacado a su hermana. Huyo a las montañas y se unio a un
grupo conducido por un hombre nombrado Pancho Villa.
Despues de que Pancho Villa fue matado Jose Arango tomo su
nombre. Mas adelante en Chihuahua Pancho Villa apollo la
lucha de Francisco Madero para ayudar a la gente de Mexico.
In 1911 with some help from Tracey Richardson’s squadron of
Americans, Villa’s large army helped defeat the federal army
of Porfirio Díaz. After General Victoriano Huerta killed
Madero and sentenced Villa to death, Villa escaped to the U.S.
then returned to fight Huerta and Venustiano Carranza.
Villa’s men were successful so Huerta resigned.
En 1911 con un poco de ayuda de la escuadrilla de americanos
de Tracey Richardson, el ejercito grande de Pancho Villa
ayudo a derrotar al ejercito federal de Porfirio Díaz. Despues
de que general Victoriano Madero mato a Huerta y condeno a
Villa a muerte, Villa escapo a los EEUU entonces volvio a
luchar contra Huerta y Venustiano Carranza. Los hombres de
Villa tuvieron exito asi que Huerta dimitieron.
Villa’s men often broke up haciendas in Chihuahua to give the
land to widows and orphans. In 1914 Villa’s army united with
Emiliano Zapata’s army and captured Mexico City.
Americans liked Villa because he fought to help people and
bought guns and food from border towns in Texas. Villa and
Zapata had to leave Mexico City after a defeat in 1915.
Los hombres de Villa a muchas veces rompieron haciendas en
Chihuahua para dar la tierra a las viudas y a los huerfanos.
En 1914 el ejercito de Villa se unio al ejercito de Emiliano
Zapata y capturon la Ciudad de Mexico. A los americanos le
gustaron a Villa porque el lucho para ayudar a la gente y
compraro armas y alimento de las ciudades de la frontera en
Tejas. Villa y Zapata tuvieron que salir de Ciudad de Mexico
despues de una derrota en 1915.
As this friendly photo of Pancho Villa with Pershing shows, relations were good
with the U.S. before some of Villa’s men attacked Columbus, New Mexico
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pancho_Villa.jpg
The U.S. recognized Carranza’s government in 1916, and soon
Villa’s men attacked U.S. business men on a train in
Chihuahua. At Columbus, New Mexico, they captured 100
horses and mules, burned the town, and killed 24 people
including 10 members of the U.S. 13th Calvary. General John
J. Pershing went with 12,000 soldiers into Chihuahua but they
never could catch Villa.
Los EEUU reconocieron al gobierno de Carranza en 1916, y
pronto los hombres de Villa atacaron a hombres de negocios
EEUU en un tren en Chihuahua. En Columbus, Nuevo Mexico,
capturaron 100 caballos y mulas, quemaron la ciudad, y
mataron 24 personas incluyendo 10 miembros del
Decimotercero Calvario de los EEUU. General Juan J.
Pershing fue con 12.000 soldados a Chihuahua pero nunca
pudieron captutrar a Villa.
Villa stopped fighting in 1920. He was ambushed and killed by
seven people in Chihuahua in 1923 although he was a great
hero for most Mexicans. He was an expert horse rider. His
car filled with bullets is in a museum in Chihuahua.
Villa paro de luchar en 1920. Fue atacado por emboscada y
matado por siete personas en Chihuahua en 1923 aunque fue
un gran heroe para la mayoria de los mexicanos. Fue un
jinete experto de caballo. Su coche llenado de balas esta en un
museo en Chihuahua.
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_villa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durango
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Pershing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata
Site Supporters get the Pancho Villa Wordfind, other
wordfinds and activities, more photos etc:
http://www.funbooklets.com
SQUANTO
Photo credit: wikimedia commons
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
About 1608 English traders sailed to what we now call
Plymouth, Massachusetts. When Indians in the Wampanoag
Confederation came to trade, the English captured and took
some of them to England.
A eso de 1608 comerciantes ingleses velaron de lo que ahora
llamamos Plymouth, Massachusetts. Cuando Amerindios de la
Confederacion Wampanoag vinieron para comerciar, los
ingleses capturaron a unos de ellos y los tomaron a inglaterra.
Tisquantum or Squanto was one of the captured Amerindians.
From England he was taken as a slave to Spain. However a
kind monk bought and taught him Christianity.
Tisquantum o Squanto fue uno de los amerindios capturados.
De Inglaterra fue tomado como esclavo a Espana. Sin
embargo un monje amable lo compro y le enseno la
cristianidad.
Squanto returned to England where he worked in a stable nine
years for John Slaney. Squanto returned to North America in
1614, but he was not able to walk from Newfoundland to his
village and he returned to England.
Volvio a Inglaterra donde trabajo en un estable nueve anos
para Juan Slaney. Squanto volvio a Norte America en 1614
pero no pudo andar de Newfoundland a su villa y volvio a
inglaterra.
In 1619 he went with explorers to North America again. This
time he found his village. However his people had died
because of disease from the Europeans.
En 1619 fue con exploradores a Norte America otra vez. Este
vez encontro su villa. Sin embargo su gente habia muerto a
causa de enfermedad de los europeanos.
A year later English families of the Pilgrim church arrived on
a ship. Squanto greeted them in English, then taught them
how to survive by teaching them where to find fish and eels.
He also taught how to fertilize corn and other crops.
Hace un ano mas familias inglesas de la inglesia Pergrino
llegaron en un barco. Squanto las saludo en ingles, entonces
los enseno como sobrevivir por medio de ensenarles donde
pudieron encontrar peces y anguilas. Tambien los enseno
como dar abono al maiz y otras cosechas.
The Pilgrims survived because Squanto had adopted them. He
and other Wampanoags celebrated Thanksgiving with them.
Los Peregrinos sobrevivieron a porque Squanto los habia
adoptado. El y otros Wampanoags celebraron Dia de Gracias
con ellos.
When Squanto finally lay dying of fever in 1622, the colony's
Governor wrote that Squanto asked him to pray for him.
Squanto also gave the Pilgrims his possessions "as
remembrances of his love."
Cuando Squanto finalmente estaba tendio y muriendo de
fiebre en 1622, el gobernador del colonio escribio que Squanto
lo pido a rezar para el. Squanto dio a los Peregrinos sus
pertenencias como "recuerdos de su amor."
He is buried in an unmarked grave on Burial Hill in
Chathamport, Massachusetts. It is above Ryder's Cove.
Es enterrado en un sepulcro sin lapida en Buried Hill (Colina
Enterrada) en Chathamport, Massachusetts. Esta arriba de
Ryder's Cove (Cala de Ryder).
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squanto
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoset
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenaki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wampanoag
http://www.rootsweb.com/~mosmd/squanto.htm
http://www.mayflowerhistory.com/History/BiographyTisquant
um.php
WAS HE AMERICA’S
GREATEST TEACHER?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Teachfreedom.jpg
In this photo “America’s Greatest Teacher” is in the middle.
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
The movie Stand And Deliver shows how Jaime Escalante
taught Chicano students at Garfield Senior High School in
East Los Angeles to pass the Advanced Placement Calculus
Exam beginning in 1982 although some colleagues had told
him he could never do so, and the Educational Testing Service
at first thought he and the kids must have cheated for so many
to have scored so high.
An Assistant Principal almost fired him because he came to
work at school “too early,” left too late, and failed to get
permission to raise funds to pay for his students' Advanced
Placement tests! However, fortunately a new principal, Henry
Gradillas came and was highly supportive of improving
education in general at Garfield.
Although many say he became America’s greatest teacher,
Jaime Escalante was born in Bolivia. There he taught physics
and mathematics twelve years including to bare-footed
Amerindians. In 1964 he went to study science and
mathematics at the University of Puerto Rico. After moving to
California, he could not speak English and had no credentials
to teach. He studied electronics at night at Pasadena City
College while working during the day at a computer
corporation.
Later he took mathematics classes at a university and in 1974
began to teach at Garfield High School, in East Los Angeles.
He considered quitting because the school did not want to
prepare students enough for college, but he continued after he
found some students willing to take algebra with him. In 1979
he and teacher Ben Jimenez taught calculus to five students.
Two pass the Advanced Placement test. The next year seven
out of nine passed. In 1981 fourteen of fifteen passed.
The successes continue until 1987 when 85 students passed the
test. The supportive Principal Henry Gradillas left to get an
advanced degrees, and the new Principal Maria Elena Tostado
was not supportive of Escalante’s efforts. However,
fortunately in 1988 Jay Matthews wrote the book Escalante:
The Best Teacher in America by Jay Mathews and the film
Stand and Deliver was produced with Edward James Olmos
playing the role of Escalante.
Political leaders and famous people came to observe his classes.
These included then President George Bush and actor Arnold
Schwarzenegger who much later became governor of
California. Escalante has said the film is 90% true, but it does
not tell that he required many years to develop his program.
Another important difference is that the movie says he had a
heart attack, but it was a gall-bladder problem.
The administration began to give Escalante too many students
to teach. However, 570 students passed the test in 1990. The
politics and jealousies directed against Escalante and Ben
Jimenez finally made them leave Garfield. Escalante was hired
to teach in the Sacramento school district. Their successor
was Angelo Villavicencio. He had some success and asked the
administration to reduce the size of his classes. This was
refused so he also left.
The number of students who took advanced mathematics at
Garfield, and the percentage who passed the A.P. test dropped
more and more. In 1995 Villavicencio asked Principal Tony
Garcia if he could return and re-build the program, but Garcia
politely said no.
What the political considerations were is not known. It is
known though that in some communities those who supply
workers to businesses and sometimes parents themselves in
general are not so concerned about children moving up to
better paying jobs and professions so much as simply filling the
local business community’s work needs. What is good enough
for a father may be deemed good enough for his children.
Regardless, Escalante’s efforts to constantly push the kids
ahead proved that it can be done. He and his wife returned to
Bolivia in 2001. There he teaches at a university in the city of
Cochabamba, although he has often returned to the U.S. to see
his children.
As the movie shows, because of Escalante’s own experience in
having to learn English, he also volunteered to teach Hispanic
parents and grandparents of the children who knew little
English at night. The rapport he thus gained in working with
them helped gain him even more respect from them regarding
what he was trying to do for their children and grandchildren
in the classroom.
The film also shows that he visited with parents in other ways.
For example, in one scene he and his wife dine at a restaurant
owned by a girl whose parents want her to work at the
restaurant instead of take mathematics classes. Escalante’s
visit helps convince the father to let the girl return to class.
The students “knew” that Escalante cared intensely about
them and their futures because he “showed” he did.
So, was Jaime Escalante of Bolivia “America’s Greatest
Teacher?” Certainly there are many mathematics, English as
a Second Language, and other teachers who think so, deem
him a hero and role model for the profession. However, an
even deeper lesson of this true story is that for even America’s
Greatest Teacher that teacher – and all great teachers - must
also have solid support from administrators, school board
members and the community, the more the better.
Thankfully, there are many who do strongly support education
for all the children of the public, even if political and greedy
commercial interests try to make it look as bad as possible,
acting destructively of it out of hope they get it turned over to
themselves even while pretending they are friendly toward it.
WAS JANE ADDAMS
AMERICA’S
“GREATEST WOMAN?”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Jane_Addams_profile.jpg
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Since World War I few history books even mention Jane Addams. Born
1850 with a spine defect in Cedarville, Illinois, she became a depressed
invalid barely able to walk and in great pain until a spinal operation
immobilized her an entire year then proved successful.
Jane Addams and friend Ellen Gates Starr founded Hull House in a
Chicago slum in 1889, soon offering medical, child and legal help; job
skills, culture and how to speak English every week to over 2,000 needy
people, mostly immigrants.
She became a school board member; spearheaded investigations
involving midwifery, drugs, milk supplies and sanitation; battled
Chicago political bosses, championed workers’ rights, lobbied for state
labor laws improving conditions for children and women.
In 1915 Jane Addams founded the Women's Peace Party which later
became the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
(WILPF). Her opposition to America entering World War I in 1917 led
to DAR expulsion and media attacks, being ignored by Nobel
committees and, to this day, most history books.
After the war she helped Europeans harmed by the war. She was a
founder of the NAACP to combat racism (1909) and the ACLU for
justice (1920).
Jane Addams lectured and wrote to keep Hull House going, particularly
her Twenty Years at Hull House. She served the Campfire Girls, the
General Federation of Women's Clubs, the National Playground
Association and the National Child Labor Committee.
She had a heart attack 1926, then won Nobel Prize in 1931, when too
weak to formally receive it, again, this lateness likely because of her
peace work; yet after she died of cancer in 1935, the Chicago City
Council among others called her “the greatest woman who ever lived”
possibly barring Mary.
In 1948 the Jane Addams Peace Association was founded for avoiding
war and bringing more peace; from 1953 the WILPF and Jane Adams
Peace Association yearly have awarded the children's book best
promoting peace, social justice and world community.
Her Hull House has inspired countless secular and religious settlement
houses worldwide and for example in 2005 assisted Hurricane Katrina
victims. Though Presbyterian, Jane Addams often attended a Unitarian
church in Chicago, and in fact her Christianity was a love freely given
to all regardless of beliefs.
LEARN MORE
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/addam
s-bio.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Addams
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_House
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Gates_Starr
WHAT “AGNES” DID
IN INDIA
Public domain
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Short and frail, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born n 1910 in
Europe. By 1928 she had joined the Sisters of Loreto, a
Catholic order of nuns.
Before that date she had never thought of becoming a nun even
though she admired missionary work. She was sent to India
where she taught history and geography for 15 years to
wealthy girls.
Then one day in 1948 before a Calcutta hospital, she helped a
poor woman until the woman died. It seemed a shame to her
that the poorest of the poor should have to die in the street as if
trash or garbage.
Now inspired to action, Agnes began helping the poorest
people of India by founding the Missionaries of Charity and
helping it grow earthwide to over 517 missions.
In 1952 she began the Nirmal Hriday Home for the Dying. She
felt called by Christ to help poor and unwanted people in the
slums to die in peace with dignity regardless of if from old age,
TB, AIDS, leprosy or starvation.
Seeing Christ in all persons, she wrote "By blood, I am
Albanian. By citizenship an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic
nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I
belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus."
In 1979 she won the Nobel Peace Prize. Agnes herself suffered
from heart problems and malaria.
In 1997 Agnes finally died in India at age 87, loved by many
many people of all nations, races, castes and religions and also
known by many no longer as Agnes but “Mother Teresa.”
She once wrote: “People are unreasonable, illogical, and selfcentered. Love them anyway. If you do good, people may
accuse you of selfish motives. Do good anyway. If you are
successful, you may win false friends and true enemies.
Succeed anyway. The good you do today may be forgotten
tomorrow. Do good anyway. Honesty and transparency make
you vulnerable. Be honest and transparent anyway. What you
spend years building may be destroyed overnight. Build
anyway. People who really want help may attack you if you
help them. Help them anyway. Give the world the best you
have and you may get hurt. Give the world your best
anyway.”
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Theresa
http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Teresa/WhoWasTe
resa.asp
http://www.angelfire.com/md2/poor/mother.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skopje
WHO ELIZABETH CADY
STANTON WAS
Stanton with baby daughter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ElizabethCadyStanton.jpg
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton? She was born in 1815 in New York.
Women could not own property or divorce in the United States. They
also could not vote. She fought for their rights, especially the right to
vote. She helped form a group called the National Women’s Suffrage
Association. Suffrage is the right to vote. She died in 1912.
Quien fue Elizabeth Cady Stanton? Nacio en 1815 en Nueva York.
Las mujeres no podian poseer tierra o conseguir divorcios en los
Estados Unidos. No pudieron votar tambien. Lucho para sus
derechos, en particular el derecho de votar. Ayudo a formar un grupo
llamado la Associacion Nacional Sufragio Mujeres. El sufragio es el
derecho de votar. Murio en 1912.
In 1932 women won the right to vote. Elizabeth Stanton often worked
with Susan B. Anthony. For example she wrote suffrage speeches
which Anthony read before crowds. She was also an abolitionist against
slavery and a member of the temperance movement. She and her
husband Henry had six children.
En 1932 las mujeres ganaron el derecho de votar. Elizabeth Stanton
muchas veces trabajo con Susan B. Anthony. Por ejemplo escribio
discursos del sufragio que Anthony leyo delante de muchedumbres. Fue
abolicionista contra la esclavitud y una miembra del movimiento de
abstinencia de alcohol. Ella y su esposo Henry tuvieron seis ninos.
The successes of Stanton, Anthony and other suffragists in the U.S. and
Canada later helped women in other nations. After the Mexican
Revolution of 1910 the suffragist movement won the right for women to
vote there in the state of Yucatan in 1922.
Los exitos de Stanton, Anthony y otras sufragistas en los EEUU y en el
Canada mas adelante ayudo a la mujeres en otras naciones. Despues de
la Revolucion Mexicana de 1910 el movimiento sufragisto gano el
derecho para el votar de mujeres alli en el estado de Yucatan en 1922.
Later victories came in the states of San Luis Potosi and Chiapas. The
right to vote in national elections came in 1947, and Mexican women
won the right to run as national candidates in 1953. One of the most
important suffragists in Mexico was Amalia de Castillo Ledon.
Mas adelante victorias vinieron en los estados de San Luis Potosi y
Chiapas. El derecho de votar en elecciones nacionales vino en 1947, y
las mujeres mexicanas ganaron el derecho de presentarse como
candidatas nacionales en 1953. Uno de las sufragistas mas importantes
en Mexico fue Amalia de Castillo Ledon.
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention
http://www.nps.gov/archive/wori/ecs.htm
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/bio/blstanton.htm
IGNACIO ZARAGOZA
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ignacio_Zaragoza.jpg
Why is Ignacio Zaragoza so important? In 1862 the French army invaded
Mexico. Zaragoza’s army fought them near Puebla in the central part of
Mexico. His army defeated the French on May 5, 1862.
Por que es Ignacio Zaragoza tan importante? En 1862 el frances ejercito
invado Mexico. Zaragoza ejercito lucho los franceses acerca Puebla en la
parte central de Mexico. Su ejercito derroto los franceses en5 de mayo
1862.
Sadly, Zaragoza died later from sickness. He had been born March 24,
1824 at Espiritu Santo which is now in Texas but then belonged to Mexico.
His ancestors were Native Americans. His family lived many years in
Matamoros and Monterrey.
Tristamente, Zaragoza murio mas tarde de enfermedad. El nacio el 24 de
marzo a Espiritu Santo lo que es ahora en Tejas pero entonces pertencio a
Mexico. Sus antepadres fueron Americanos Nativos. Su familia vivio
muchos anos en Matamoros y Monterrey.
Today many Americans of Hispanic ancestry, especially those from or in
Texas, celebrate Cinco de Mayo. It is a time when they remember that
Zaragoza defeated the French army at Puebla.
Hoy muchos americanos de ascendencia hispanico, especialmente esos de o
en Tejas, celebran Cinco de Mayo. Ello es un tiempo cuando ellos
recuerdan que Zaragoza derroto el ejercito frances a Puebla.
Other army commanders had advised President Juarez to surrender Mexico
to the French, but Zaragoza’s victory inspired them to continue fighting until
they won the war. Today the full name of Puebla is Puebla de Zaragoza.
Otros comandantes ejercitos habian aconsejados Presidente Juarez a ceder
Mexico a los franceses, pero la victoria de Zaragoza animaron a ellos a
continuar luchando hasta que ellos ganaron la guerra. Hoy el nombre entero
de Puebla es Puebla de Zaragoza.
Both Mexicans and Americans are proud of the man who defeated the
French and saved Mexico. Mexico has put a picture of Zaragoza on money.
Ambos mexicanos y americanos son orgullosos del hombre que derroto a los
franceses y salvo mexico. Mexico ha puesto un dibujo de Zaragoza en
dinero.
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_Zaragoza
http://www.census.gov/PressRelease/www/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_edition
s/009726.html
http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/ZZ/fza4.html
Want a wordfind for this? Become a Site Supporter:
http://www.funbooklets.com
GEORGE WASHINGTON WORDFIND
By Mason Emerson
Copyright 2007
Circle the English words…Encierren las palabras ingleses
George Washington, born in Virginia=nacio en Virginia, father Augustine=padre
Augustine, mother Mary Ball=madre Mary Ball, wife Martha=esposa Marta,
surveyor=agrimensor, farmer=granero/ranchero, French And Indian War=Guerra de los
Franceses y los Amerindios, army commander=comandante de ejercito, Continental
Army=Ejercito Continental, Battle Of Trenton=Batalla de Trenton, Battle Of Yorktown,
Federalist, Anglican, Mount Vernon=Monte Vernon
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GEORGE
WASHINGTON
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Washington_1772.jpg
George Washington during the French and Indian War
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
George Washington lived from 1742 to 1799 and was The
Father Of The United States Of America. His father was
Augustine Washington, and his mother was Mary Ball
Washington. He was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia.
As a young man his hair was red. He became a surveyor of
new land in far western Virginia, and he was very active in the
French and Indian War from 1753 to 1758.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Martha_Dandridge_Custis.jpg
He married Martha D. Custis, a wealthy widow, in 1759. They
had no children but raised her son John (Jacky) Parke Custis
and daughter Martha (Patsy) Parke Custis.
The family lived at Mount Vernon where George Washington
was a planter and a legislator for the Colony of Virginia. He
became concerned that the British government was imposing
financial burdens and causing other problems indicative of
tyranny.
For example he had been land in what is now West Virginia,
but British policy toward Amerindians left the Amerindians
next to his property, thus making it dangerous and worth less
in value. Therefore he spoke against the British and supported
a bill in Virginia for boycotting British products in 1769.
In 1774 he became a delegate to the first U.S. Constitutional
Congress and became increasingly sure that full-scale war for
independence was becoming necessary. After fighting between
patriots and British soldiers occurred in Massachusetts in
1775, he wore a military uniform to the second U.S.
Constitutional Congress. He was appointed general over all
the army.
Washington, with some weapons from the French, forced the
British army to leave Boston, then he took his army to New
York City. The British defeated them there in 1776, so he
marched the army south to New Jersey.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware.png
Suddenly on a cold night filled with snow on December 25,
1776, George Washington led his army across the Delaware
River. Their surprise attack captured almost a thousand
Hessian soldiers of the British in Trenton.
In 1777 he lost the Battle of Brandywine in Pennsylvania. The
British then easily captured Philadelphia, which at the time
was the capital of the United States of America. Many of his
soldiers also died during the winter at Valley Forge from 1777
to 1778.
However, after a British army of 9,000 men from Canada
attacked New York, American armies defeated it. This major
victory motivated France to send more weapons and some
soldiers to help the patriots.
In 1778 Washington’s American army recaptured
Philadelphia. In 1779 he let General John Sullivan destroy
many villages of the Iriquois Amerindian nation in New York.
This was because the Iriquois had supported the British.
The British next decided to attack the southern part of the
United States. Their fleet carried soldiers of General
Cornwallis to Virginia. However patriots led by Nathaniel
Green killed many of the British in a series of guerrilla attacks
in the South, so Cornwallis retreat to Yorktown where he
hoped a British fleet would help them leave.
Meanwhile Washington marched his army south to surround
Yorktown, and General Comte de Rochambeau of France
brought along his French army to help. Also, the French
Admiral François de Grasse brought a French fleet from the
West Indies. There were about 17,000 American and French
soldiers surrounding Yorktown.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg
The surrounded British army could not leave. They had too
little food and ammunition. On October 9, 1781, Cornwallis
surrendered his army of 7,000 men. The British Parliament
heard of the defeat, began negotiations with the Americans,
and the war officially ended in 1783.
George Washington resigned as general but stayed politically
active. He was unanimously elected the first President of the
United States. He was later unanimously elected President a
second time, and he served until 1796.
He gave a speech in which he advised the U.S. to not become
involved in long-term foreign alliance and the wars of Europe.
It also called for religious tolerance. He returned to Virginia
and after farming some died at Mount Vernon in 1797 where
he is buried with his wife Martha.
Contrary to myth, George Washington never had wooden teeth
but he did have false teeth made of ivory. He also did not
following the fashion then common of wearing a wig, but he
did powder his hair.
It is true that George Washington was a Mason and believed in
tenets such as trying to become a better person. He wrote that
he was willing to have workmen at Mount Vernon who were
Muslims, Jews, Christians of any sort, or atheists. He also
wrote that he was no bigot.
He and Martha were Episcopalians. She was regular in
attendance. He was not, and he left before communion. He
also attended services that were for Quakers, Roman Catholics
and German Reformed. Episcopalians, Presbyterians,
Unitarian Universalists and Deists have all claimed him as a
member.
There is a story that as a child he once told his father that he
had chopped down a cherry tree in order to be honest although
he knew his father would punish him. First written in a book
by Mason Lock Weems, this story is probably a myth.
In particular as George Washington grew older he was
privately opposed to slavery although he and his wife Martha
had hundreds on their plantation. It is said that he did not
like that the sale of slaves often caused the destruction of their
families.
Most sources say George Washington never had children of his
own, but Linda Allen Bryant has written that he fathered her
ancestor, West Ford, by a slave woman named Venus. The
Mount Vernon Ladies Association refuses to let its samples of
his hair be tested for DNA genetic comparisons, saying West
Ford may have been the child of some other Washington such
George brother John Augustine Washington.
After both he and his wife had died, George Washington’s will
freed all his slaves. It is said that he did not publicly speak
against slavery because he correctly feared that it was an issue
which could split the new nation in part.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:George_Washington_1795.jpg
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Washington
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Hazen
http://www.mountvernon.org/learn/meet_george/index.cfm/ss/
101/
http://hnn.us/articles/10827.html
ABRAHAM LINCOLN WORDFIND
By Mason Emerson
Copyright 2007
Circle the English words…Encierren las palabras ingleses
Abraham, Lincoln, born in, Hodgenville, Kentucky, mother Nancy Hanks, father
Thomas, stepmother, Sarah, Illinois legislator, Republican, Black Hawk War, opposed
Mexican War, debated Douglas, freed the slaves, John Wilkes Booth
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THOMAS JEFFERSON
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Thomas Jefferson was born in 1743 in what was then the
British colony of Virginia. He was one of America’s greatest
patriots, wrote the Declaration of Independence and was the
third President from 1801 to 1809.
Thomas Jefferson se nacio en 1743 en lo que entonces fue la
colonia bretaña de Virginia. Era uno de las patriotas mas
grande de America. El escribio la Declaración de
Independencia y era el tercer Presidente 1801 a 1809.
Led by Jefferson, in 1803 the U.S. purchased the vast
Territory of Louisiana from Napoleon the ruler of France. He
organized the Lewis and Clark exploration of the new
territory which occurred from 1804 to 1806.
Guiado por Jefferson, en 1803 los E.U. compro la vasta
Territorio de Luisiana de Napoleon el soberano de Francia. El
organizo la exploracion por Lewis y Clark del territorio nuevo
que occurrio desde 1803 a 1806.
He was opposed to slavery and too much control of
government by religion. However, he could not end slavery
because there was not enough support to do that.
Fue opuesto a la esclavitud y demasiado controlo del gobierno
por la religion. Sin embargo, no pudo terminar esclavitud
porque no hubo bastante apoyo a hacer eso.
Jefferson had much interest in education, literature and the
arts including architecture. He supported the French
Revolution for democracy.
Jefferson tuvo mucho interes en educacion, literatura y los
artes incluyendo arquitectura. El apoyo la Revolucion
Francesa para democracia.
He and his wife Mary had no children. Their slave Sally
Hemmings was the half sister of Mary. Some have claimed he
was the father of one or all six of Sally’s children, but DNA
tests show that the father may also have been another member
of the Jefferson family such as his brother Randolph.
El y su esposa Maria tuvieron ningunos ninos. Su esclava
Sally Hemmings fue la hermana media de Maria. Algunos han
reclamando que el fue el padre de uno o todos de los seis ninos
de Sally, pero examenes DNA muestra que el padre quizas
tambien ha sido otro miembro de la familia Jefferson como tal
su hermano Randolph. Thomas Jefferson fue muy inteligente
y valiente.
Thomas Jefferson was very intelligent and brave. He died in
1826.
Thomas Jefferson fue muy inteligente y valiente. Murio en
1826.
THE RUSSIANS
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:FamousEthnicRussians.jpg
Russia extends from Europe to Asia. Most Russians live in Russia but
many also live in the U.S. and Canada. Russians are proud that Russia
sent the first satellite into outer space. They are also proud Russia sent
the first man, Yuri Gagarin, into space. They are happy that Russia has
done many good things for humanity.
Rusia extiende desde Europa hasta Asia. La mayoria de rusos viven en
Rusia pero muchos tambien viven en los EEUU y Canada. Rusos son
orgullos que Rusia envio el primer satelite adentro espacio exterior.
Son orgullosos tambien que Rusia envio el primer hombre, Yuri
Gagarin, adentro espacio exterior. Son alegres que Ruso ha hecho
muchas buenas cosas para la humanidad.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:St_Basils_Cathedral-500px.jpg
The capital of Russia is Moscow in Europe. The Kremlin, a group of
beautiful buildings in Moscow, has the national government. Russia is
the largest nation on earth. It has the eighth largest population among
all the nations. There are about 140 million people in Russia. About
80% of the people are Russians.
La capital de Rusia es Moscu en Europa. El Kremlin, un grupo de
edificios bonitos en Moscu, tiene el gobierno nacional. Rusia es la
nacion mas grande en la tierra. Tiene la poblacion octavo mas grande
entre todas las naciones. Hay casi 140 millones de personas en Rusia.
Casi 80% de la gente son rusos.
Early Russia had settlers and invaders from many groups or nations.
For example there were Scythians, Slavs, Scandinavians and Mongols.
Important rulers were Ivan the Great (1456-1505) who expelled the
Mongols, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great who founded St.
Petersburg and made Russia more like western Europe, and Catherine
the Great who ruled from 1762 to 1796.
Rusia antigua tenia colonos e invasores de muchos grupos o naciones.
Por ejemplo había escitas, eslavos, escandinavos y mongoles.
Soberanos importantes eran Ivan el Grande (1456-1505) que expelio a
los mongoles, Ivan El Terrible, Pedro El Grande que fundo St.
Petersburg y hizo Rusia mas como Europa occidental, y Caterina La
Grande que goberna desde 1762 hasta 1796.
Russia conquered many lands but in the Crimea War lost to Britain,
France and other nations in 1856. It also lost to Japan in 1915. Lenin
brought Communism to Russia and a dangerous Union of the Soviet
Socialist Republics existed until 1991. The dictator Joseph Stalin saved
Russia from Nazi Germany.
Rusia conquisto muchas tierras pero perdio La Guerra Crimea a Gran
Bretana, Francia y otras naciones en 1856. Tambien perdio a Japon en
1915. Lenin trajo comunismo a Rusia y una poderosa Unión de las
Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas existio hasta 1991. El dictador José
Stalin salvo Rusia de los Nazi de Alemania.
Mikhail Gorbachav began reforms which brought more freedom to
Russians and he let many nations become independent. This brought
much peace on earth. Today Russia is a powerful democratic republic.
It produces much gold and petroleum.
Mikhail Gorbachav comenzo reformas que trajeron mas libertad a los
rusos y dejo muchas naciones llegar a ser independientes. Esto trajo
mas paz en la Tierra. Rusia es hoy una poderosa republica
democratica. Produce mucho oro y petroleo.
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_%28people%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peoples
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythians
INNUIT
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Inuit_man_1906.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Inuit_women_1907.jpg
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Perhaps 100,000 Inuits live in Alaska, Siberia, Canada and Greenland.
Alaska is a U.S. state and Siberia is part of Russia. Greenland is a
nation and the largest island on earth. In Greenland the Innuit are 80%
of the population. Innuits often use kayaks and igloos or houses made
of ice. Dog sleds help them transport things over the snow. They hunt
whales, seals and sometimes polar bears.
Tal vez 100.000 inuites viven en Alaska, Siberia, el Canada y
Verdelandia. Alaska es un estado de los EEUU y Siberia es parte de
Rusia. Verdelandia es una nacion y es la isla mas grande en la Tierra.
En Verdelandia los innuites son 80% de la poblacion. Inuites a veces
usan kayakes y iglus o casas hechos de hielo. Trineos con perros los
ayudan a transportar cosas sobre la nieve. Cazaron ballenas, focas y a
veces osos polares.
Previously the name for Inuits was Eskimoes. Nunivat is a territory in
the northwest of Canada. Most of the population is Inuit. Europeans
may have come to the land of the Inuit before the Vikings who came
about 1100 A.D. How do we know this? Because Pytheas, a Greek
sailor, reached the Arctic in 320 B.C. as did St. Brendan, an Irish monk,
in 500 A.D. The Egyptian king Ptolemy II (285-246 B.C.) had a polar
bear in his private zoo in Alexandria and the Romans had polar bears
fighting seals in a flooded coliseum in 57 A.D. Polar bears are not
native to either Egypt or Italy.
Anteriormente el nombre para los inuites fue los esquimales. Nunivat
es un territorio en el noroeste del Canada. La mayoria de la poblacion
es inuit. Europeos tal vez vinieron a la tierra de los inuites antes de los
vikingos que vinieron cerca de 1100 A.D. Como sabemos esto? Porque
Pytheas, un marinero griego, alcanzo al Artico en 320 A.C. al igual que
San Brendan un monje irlandes en A.D. 500. El rey egipcio Ptolemeo II
(285-246 B.C.) tuvo un oso polar en su parque zoologico privado en
Alexandria, y los Romanos tuvieron osos polares que lucharon focas en
un coliseo inundado en A.D. 57. Osos polares no son nativos en Egipto
u Italia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Auroraborealissm.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Polarlicht_2.jpg
Some Inuit believe the Northern Lights show the spirits of their ancestors.
Originally the Inuit were animists but now most are Christians.
Algunas Inuites creen que la Aurora Polaris (a veces Luces del Norte en
ingles) muestran los espiritus de sus antepasados. Originalmente los Inuites
fueron animistas pero ahora la mayoria son cristianos.
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_%28astronomy%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siqqitiq
INNUIT
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Inuit_man_1906.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Inuit_women_1907.jpg
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Perhaps 100,000 Inuits live in Alaska, Siberia, Canada and Greenland.
Alaska is a U.S. state and Siberia is part of Russia. Greenland is a
nation and the largest island on earth. In Greenland the Innuit are 80%
of the population. Innuits often use kayaks and igloos or houses made
of ice. Dog sleds help them transport things over the snow. They hunt
whales, seals and sometimes polar bears.
Tal vez 100.000 inuites viven en Alaska, Siberia, el Canada y
Verdelandia. Alaska es un estado de los EEUU y Siberia es parte de
Rusia. Verdelandia es una nacion y es la isla mas grande en la Tierra.
En Verdelandia los innuites son 80% de la poblacion. Inuites a veces
usan kayakes y iglus o casas hechos de hielo. Trineos con perros los
ayudan a transportar cosas sobre la nieve. Cazaron ballenas, focas y a
veces osos polares.
Previously the name for Inuits was Eskimoes. Nunivat is a territory in
the northwest of Canada. Most of the population is Inuit. Europeans
may have come to the land of the Inuit before the Vikings who came
about 1100 A.D. How do we know this? Because Pytheas, a Greek
sailor, reached the Arctic in 320 B.C. as did St. Brendan, an Irish monk,
in 500 A.D. The Egyptian king Ptolemy II (285-246 B.C.) had a polar
bear in his private zoo in Alexandria and the Romans had polar bears
fighting seals in a flooded coliseum in 57 A.D. Polar bears are not
native to either Egypt or Italy.
Anteriormente el nombre para los inuites fue los esquimales. Nunivat
es un territorio en el noroeste del Canada. La mayoria de la poblacion
es inuit. Europeos tal vez vinieron a la tierra de los inuites antes de los
vikingos que vinieron cerca de 1100 A.D. Como sabemos esto? Porque
Pytheas, un marinero griego, alcanzo al Artico en 320 A.C. al igual que
San Brendan un monje irlandes en A.D. 500. El rey egipcio Ptolemeo II
(285-246 B.C.) tuvo un oso polar en su parque zoologico privado en
Alexandria, y los Romanos tuvieron osos polares que lucharon focas en
un coliseo inundado en A.D. 57. Osos polares no son nativos en Egipto
u Italia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Auroraborealissm.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Polarlicht_2.jpg
Some Inuit believe the Northern Lights show the spirits of their ancestors.
Originally the Inuit were animists but now most are Christians.
Algunas Inuites creen que la Aurora Polaris (a veces Luces del Norte en
ingles) muestran los espiritus de sus antepasados. Originalmente los Inuites
fueron animistas pero ahora la mayoria son cristianos.
LEARN MORE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_%28astronomy%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siqqitiq
WILMA MANKILLER
Wilma Mankiller was born at Tahlequah, Oklahoma, in 1945. In 1985
she became the first woman to be President of the Cherokees in
Oklahoma whose population is now more than 175,000. She has led the
Western Cherokees to develop many businesses and improve conditions.
In 1987 she presided at a conference of the Western and Eastern bands
of the Cherokees in a move to reunite all Cherokees. Her
autobiography A Chief and Her People was a bestseller in 1993.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller
http://nativeamericanrhymes.com/women/wilmamankiller.htm
POCAHONTAS (SHE IS PLAYFUL)
Commonly known as Pocahontas, Pocahantesu (She is Playful) was
born about 1595 to Powhatan, chief of a Native American confederation
in what is now Virginia. According to history or legend in 1608 she
saved the life of Captain John Smith of Jamestown. She became a
Christian named Rebecca at the colony of Jamestown. A young English
widower named John Rolfe married her in 1613 after which there was a
long peace between Powhatan and the English.
She saw the king and queen of England in 1616, but before she could
return she caught a disease, possibly smallpox, and died on a ship at
Gravesend in England where she was buried. Through her son
Thomas Rolfe she has many famous descendants. They include
President Woodrow Wilson, explorer Admiral Richard Byrd, and First
Lady Nancy Reagan. Famous singer Wayne Newton says he is also her
descendant is wants to have her re-buried in Virginia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocahontas
http://nativeamericanrhymes.com/women/pocahontas.htm
SACAGAWEA
(BIRD WOMAN or possibly BOAT LAUNCHER)
Sacagawea was born a member of the Shoshone in 1788. She, her infant
and French Canadian husband accompanied the 1804-1806 Lewis and
Clark expedition. Without her knowledge and efforts the expedition
probably would have failed.
For example when a canoe overturned she quickly rescued important
records. She served as an interpreter and her presence showed Native
Americans that the group of white men were coming in peace. She
found wild plants for food and helped the expedition buy horses to go
across mountains.
She also had a daughter named Lisette who was born in 1809. Her son
Jean Baptist later had an adventurous life in the western U.S., traveled
in Europe and Africa.
Documents show that Sacagawea died in 1812. However, her people,
the Lemhi Shoshone, have said that she did not die until one hundred
years old in 1884.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacagawea
http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9468731
http://www.bonniebutterfield.com/NativeAmericans.html
http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/bonnin_gertrude_simmons_zit
kala-sa.html
ZITKALA-SA
(RED BIRD)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Zitkalasa.jpg
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Red Bird or Zitkala-Sa was also known as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin.
She was born a Yankton Sioux in 1875. She sought to improve
conditions for all Native Americans.
She was also a school teacher, and she wrote books. Her first and best
known book was Old Indian Legends, published in 1901. These are
stories she had collected on the Yankton Sioux reservation. For
example they tell of Iktomi the Spider, also Ducks, Muskrat, Coyote,
Fawn, Bear, Turtle, Toad, Rabbit etc.
In 1913 she composed The Sun Dance Opera. It was the first grand
opera by a Native American. It was in the tradition of romanticism
against Ute and Sioux backdrops.
American Indian Stories tells her own life story. It describes the clash
between Native American and European-American cultures that she
experienced. She died in 1938.
LEARN MORE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitkala-Sa
http://nativeamericanrhymes.com/women/bonnin.htm
http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/bonnin_gertrude_simmons_zit
kala-sa.html
TEKAHIONWAKE (DOUBLE WAMPUM)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BabyPauline.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PaulineJohnson_bearclawbracelet.jpg
Copyright 2007
Mason Emerson
Tekahionwake (Double Wapum) or Emily Pauline Johnson was born in
Ontario in 1861. Her father was Mohawk and her mother was British.
She wrote poems and books such as “A Cry From An Indian Wife,” The
Song My Paddle Sings, Songs of the Great Dominion, White Wampum,
The Shaganappi, and Flint And Feathers. Her poem The Song My
Paddle Sings is famous and beautiful, saying in part:
West wind, blow from your prairie nest; Blow from the mountains, blow
from the west; The sail is idle, the sailor too; 0h wind of the west, we wait
for you. Blow, blow! I have wooed you so, But never a favour you bestow.
You rock your cradle the hills between, But scorn to notice my white
lateen. I stow the sail, unship the mast: I wooed you long but my
wooing's past; My paddle will lull you into rest. 0! drowsy wind of the
drowsy west, Sleep, sleep, By your mountain steep, Or down where the
prairie grasses sweep! Now fold in slumber your laggard wings, For soft is
the song my paddle sings.
She also collected tales published in Legends Of Vancouver. After she
died in 1913, Canada printed a postage stamp with her portrait.
LEARN MORE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekahionwake
http://nativeamericanrhymes.com/women/johnson.htm
http://www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~pjohnson/teka.html
http://www.manataka.org/page1998.html
WAS JANE ADDAMS
AMERICA’S
“GREATEST WOMAN?”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Jane_Addams_profile.jpg
Copyright 2007
By Mason Emerson
Since World War I few history books even mention Jane Addams. Born
1850 with a spine defect in Cedarville, Illinois, she became a depressed
invalid barely able to walk and in great pain until a spinal operation
immobilized her an entire year then proved successful.
Jane Addams and friend Ellen Gates Starr founded Hull House in a
Chicago slum in 1889, soon offering medical, child and legal help; job
skills, culture and how to speak English every week to over 2,000 needy
people, mostly immigrants.
She became a school board member; spearheaded investigations
involving midwifery, drugs, milk supplies and sanitation; battled
Chicago political bosses, championed workers’ rights, lobbied for state
labor laws improving conditions for children and women.
In 1915 Jane Addams founded the Women's Peace Party which later
became the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
(WILPF). Her opposition to America entering World War I in 1917 led
to DAR expulsion and media attacks, being ignored by Nobel
committees and, to this day, most history books.
After the war she helped Europeans harmed by the war. She was a
founder of the NAACP to combat racism (1909) and the ACLU for
justice (1920).
Jane Addams lectured and wrote to keep Hull House going, particularly
her Twenty Years at Hull House. She served the Campfire Girls, the
General Federation of Women's Clubs, the National Playground
Association and the National Child Labor Committee.
She had a heart attack 1926, then won Nobel Prize in 1931, when too
weak to formally receive it, again, this lateness likely because of her
peace work; yet after she died of cancer in 1935, the Chicago City
Council among others called her “the greatest woman who ever lived”
possibly barring Mary.
In 1948 the Jane Addams Peace Association was founded for avoiding
war and bringing more peace; from 1953 the WILPF and Jane Adams
Peace Association yearly have awarded the children's book best
promoting peace, social justice and world community.
Her Hull House has inspired countless secular and religious settlement
houses worldwide and for example in 2005 assisted Hurricane Katrina
victims. Though Presbyterian, Jane Addams often attended a Unitarian
church in Chicago, and in fact her Christianity was a love freely given
to all regardless of beliefs.
LEARN MORE
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/addams-bio.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Addams
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_House
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Gates_Starr
GREAT WOMEN:
CHARITABLE ELIZABETH
Copyright 2007.
By Mason Emerson.
Author’s note: This publication series treats great women regardless of
religious background if any: Catholic, Protestant etc. The author is an
independent Christian writer.
Commendable Christians since the apostles have included persons
across the spectrum of religion. One, Elizabeth Ann Bayley, began her
life in 1774 in a devout Episcopalian family in Baltimore.
Cristianos encomiables desde los apostatas han incluidos persona a
traves del espectro de la religion. Uno, Elizabet Ana Bayley, empezo su
vida en 1774 en una familia episcopalista devota en Baltimore.
In 1794 she married businessman William Seton, and they had five
children. She and sister-in-law Rebecca Seton founded the Society for
the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children. It conducted so many
missions of mercy for poor people in New York that people called it the
“Protestant Sisters of Charity.”
En 1794 se caso el empresario William Seton, y ellos tuvieron cinco
ninos. Ell y su cunada Rebeca Seton fundaron la Sociedad para la
Ayuda de Viudas con Ninos Pequenos. Conducto tanos misiones de la
merced para los pobres en Nueva York que la gente lo llamo “Las
Hermanas Protestantes de la Caridad.“
When William became ill they went to Italy where she was taught
Catholicism. On returning she became Catholic in 1805 despite family
opposition.
Cuando William llego a ser enfermo fueron a italia donde enseno el
catolicismo. Al volver se hizo catolica en 1805 a pesar de la oposicion de
familia.
After William died she began a boys boarding school and three years
later a school for wealthy girls in order to support and educate her
daughters. She and Rebecca, who also became Catholic, began the first
community of apostolic women in the USA called The Sisters of Charity
of Saint Joseph’s; Seton Hall University in New Jersey is named for
her.
Despues de que William murio ella empezo un internado para ninos y
tres anos mas adelante un internado para ninas ricas para apoyar y
educar a sus hijas. Ella y Rebeca, quien tambien se hizo catolica,
empezo la primera comunidad de mujeres apotolicas en los EEUU
llamado La Hermanas De La Caridad de San Jose. La Universidad
Seton Hall en Nuevo Jersey esta nombrada para ella.
Elizabeth translated many French spiritual works, wrote many hymns
and talks, kept diaries and journals of her spiritual struggles and
growth. The Sisters of Charity had become 20 total free schools,
orphanages and hospitals when she died in 1821 and they still thrive.
Elizabet traduzco muchas obras francesas espirituales, escribio muchos
himnos y discursos, mantuvo diarios y cuadernos sobre sus luchas y
crecimientos espirituales. Las Hermanas De La Caridad habia llegado
a ser en total 20 escuelas gratises, orfanatos y hospitales cuando murio
en 1821 y todavia prosperan.
In 1975 Elizabeth Ann Seton was declared the first saint born in the
USA. Some have called her Charitable Elizabeth.
En 1975 Elizabeth Ana Seton fue declarada la primera santa que nacio
en los EEUU. Hay los que se han llamado la Elizabet Carititiva.
LEARN MORE
http://flickr.com/search/?q=Elizabeth+Ann+Seton
http://www.setonshrine.org/
http://www.learningtogive.org/papers/index.asp?bpid=124
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton