一、课程基本信息
课 程 编 号
其 它 中 文 名 称
《国际经学》上
课 程 英 文 名 称
课 程 类 别
必修
适 用 专 业 金融专业
总 学 时 34 学时
学 分 2
考 核 方 式 闭卷
是否读写议课程 是
主 要 任 课 教 师 陈志昂、孔令强、方霞、黄晓东
International economics is a branch of applied economics which pays
课 程 简 介 attention to both positive and normative research, stressing the practicality and practicability. By learning this course students may master the relevant theories about the theory of trade, international trade policy.
Paul R. Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld
建 议 教 材 International Economics: Theory and Policy（sixth edition）
清华大学出版社，2004 年
参 考 书
社，2002 年
[2]Dominick Salvatore. International economics （ Fifth
Edition）,清华大学出版社，1997 年
[3]赵春明:《国际贸易学》,石油工业出版社，2003 年
二、 课程的对象和性质
课程对象：
本课程适用于全日制金融专业本科生，拟于大二第二学期授课。
课程性质：
本课程属于专业必修课。
三、
课程的教学目的和要求
：
grasping the theory and practice of international trade can give us a global perspective to the whole economy. The course’s basic goal is to make students set up the consciousness of international economical activity, grasp the basic concept of worldwide business.
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：
This course trains thinking method of student and uses ability to focus on, adopting classroom teach, case discussion, role act, classroom lecture the teaching method combined together. And it encourages student's classroom to make a speech, participate in discussing actively.
1.The quantity of the case: more than 10 logic cases, 4 comprehensive cases. Demand to upgrade a comprehensive case every academic year.
2. Multimedia teaching: PPT courseware demand and this syllabus content are totally matched.
四、理论教学内容与基本要求（含学时分配）
C h a p t t e r r 1 I I n t t r r o d u c t t i i o n
(1 period)
1
、
Chapter Organization
Introduction
What is International Economics About?
International Economics: Trade and Money
2
、
This Chapter presents data demonstrating the growth in trade and increasing importance of international economics. This chapter also highlights and briefly discusses seven themes which arise throughout the book. These themes include: 1) the gains from trade; 2) the pattern of trade; 3) protectionism; 4), the balance of payments; 5) exchange rate determination; 6) international policy coordination; and 7) the international capital market. Students will recognize that many of the central policy debates occurring today come under the rubric of one of these themes. Indeed, it is often a fruitful heuristic to use current events to illustrate the force of the key themes and arguments which are presented throughout the text.
C h a p t t e r r 2 L a b o r r P r r o d u c t t i i v i i t t y a n d C o m p a r r a t t i i v e A d v a n t t a g e : : T h e R i i c a r r d i i a n
M o d e l l （ 3 periods ）
1
、
Chapter Organization
The Concept of Comparative Advantage
A One-Factor Economy
Production Possibilities
Relative Prices and Supply
Trade in a One-Factor World
Box: Comparative Advantage in Practice: The Case of Babe Ruth
Determining the Relative Price After Trade
The Gains from Trade
2

A Numerical Example
Box: The Losses from Non-Trade
Relative Wages
Misconceptions About Comparative Advantage
Productivity and Competitiveness
The Pauper Labor Argument
Exploitation
Box: Do Wages Reflect Productivity?
Comparative Advantage with Many Goods
Setting Up the Model
Relative Wages and Specialization
Determining the Relative Wage with a Multigood Model
2 、 model shows how trade arises when there are two countries, each with one factor of production which can be applied toward production each of two goods. Key concepts are introduced, such as the production possibility frontier, comparative advantage versus absolute advantage, gain from trade, relative prices, and relative wages across countries. The Ricardian model is a useful starting point for developing intuition about why countries gain from trading with each other. By using even as simple a framework as the Ricardian model, one can begin to debunk some common misconceptions concerning comparative advantage.
C h a p t t e r r 3 S p e c i i f f i i c F a c t t o r r s s a n d I I n c o m e D i i s s t t r r i i b u t t i i o n （
3 p e r r i i o d s s
）
1
、
Chapter Organization
The Specific Factors Model
Assumptions of the Model
Box: What is a Specific Factor?
Production Possibilities
Prices, Wages, and Labor Allocation
Relative Prices and the Distribution of Income
International Trade in the Specific Factors Model
Resources and Relative Supply
Trade and Relative Prices
The Pattern of Trade
Income Distribution and the Gains From Trade
The Political Economy of Trade: A Preliminary View
Optimal Trade Policy
Box: Specific Factors and the Beginnings of Trade Theory
Income Distribution and Trade Politics
2
、
This chapter builds upon the insights from Chapter 2 by developing trade models which allow countries to produce goods when production requires more than one factor of production. One important reason for this addition to the model is that this more general framework highlights the
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effects of trade on income distribution. The first model presented includes factors of production,
C h a p t t e r r 4 R e s s o u r r c e s s a n d T r r a d e : : T h e H e c k s s c h e r r O h l l i i n M o d e l l
( 4 periods)
1
、
Chapter Organization
A Model of a Two-Factor Economy
Assumptions of the Model
Factor Prices and Goods Prices
Resources and Output
Effects of International Trade Between Two-Factor Economies
Relative Prices and the Pattern of Trade
Trade and the Distribution of Income
Factor Price Equalization
Case Study: North-South Trade and Income Inequality
Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model
Testing the Heckscher-Ohlin Model
Implications of the Tests
2
、
This chapter introduces the classic Heckscher-Ohlin model of trade. The chapter proceeds by first presenting a general equilibrium model of an economy with two goods produced by two factors under the assumption of fixed coefficient production functions. Many of the important results of international trade theory are developed. These include: the Rybczynski Theorem, the
Stolper-Samuelson Theorem, and the Factor Price Equalization Theorem. Implications of the
Heckscher-Ohlin model for the pattern of trade among countries are discussed, as are the failures of empirical evidence to confirm the predictions of the theory.
C h a p t t e r r 5 T h e S t t a n d a r r d T r r a d e M o d e l l
( ( 4
1
、
Chapter Organization
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
Production Possibilities and Relative Supply
Relative Prices and Demand
The Welfare Effect of Changes in the Terms of Trade
Determining Relative Prices
Economic Growth: A Shift of the RS Curve
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Growth and the Production Possibility Frontier
Relative Supply and the Terms of Trade
International Effects of Growth
Case Study: Has the Growth of Newly Industrializing Countries Hurt Advanced Nations?
International Transfers of Income: Shifting the RD Curve
The Transfer Problem
Effects of a Transfer on the Terms of Trade
Presumptions about the Terms of Trade Effects of Transfers
Case Study: The Transfer Problem and the Asian Crisis
Tariffs and Export Subsidies: Simultaneous Shifts in RS and RD
Relative Demand and Supply Effects of a Tariff
Effects of an Export Subsidy
Implications of Terms of Trade Effects: Who Gains and Who Loses?
2
、
This chapter presents a general model of international trade which admits the models of the previous chapters as special cases. This "standard trade model" is depicted graphically by a general equilibrium trade model as applied to a small open economy. Relative demand and relative supply curves are used to analyze a variety of policy issues, such as the effects of economic growth, the transfer problem, and the effects of trade tariffs and production subsidies. The appendix to the chapter develops offer curve analysis.
While an extremely useful tool, the standard model of trade fails to account for some important aspects of international trade. Specifically, while the factor proportions
Heckscher-Ohlin theories explain some trade flows between countries, recent research in international economics has placed an increasing emphasis on economies of scale in production and imperfect competition among firms.
C h a p t t e r r 6 E c o n o m i i e s s o f f S c a l l e , , I I m p e r r f f e c t t C o m p e t t i i t t i i o n , , a n d I I n t t e r r n a t t i i o n a l l
T r r a d e ( ( 6 periods)
1
、
Chapter Organization
Economies of Scale and International Trade: An Overview
Economies of Scale and Market Structure
The Theory of Imperfect Competition
Monopoly: A Brief Review
Monopolistic Competition
Limitations of the Monopolistic Competition Model
Monopolistic Competition and Trade
The Effects of Increased Market Size
Gains from an Integrated Market: A Numerical Example
Economies of Scale and Comparative Advantage
The Significance of Intraindustry Trade
Why Intraindustry Trade Matters
Dumping
5

The Economics of Dumping
Reciprocal Dumping
The Theory of External Economies
Specialized Suppliers
Labor Market Pooling
Knowledge Spillovers
External Economies and Increasing Returns
External Economies and International Trade
External Economies and the Pattern of Trade
Trade and Welfare with External Economies
Box: Tinseltown Economics
Dynamic Increasing Returns
2
、
Chapter 6 presents models of international trade that reflect these developments. The chapter begins by reviewing the concept of monopolistic competition among firms, and then showing the gains from trade which arise in such imperfectly competitive markets. Next, internal and external economies of scale in production and comparative advantage are discussed. The chapter continues with a discussion of the importance of intra-industry trade, dumping, and external economies of production. The subject matter of this chapter is important since it shows how gains from trade arise in ways that are not suggested by the standard, more traditional models of international trade.
The subject matter also is enlightening given the increased emphasis on intra-industry trade in industrialized countries.
C h a p t t e r r 7 I I n t t e r r n a t t i i o n a l l F a c t t o r r M o v e m e n t t s s ( ( 4
1
、
Chapter Organization
International Labor Mobility
A One-Good Model without Factor Mobility
International Labor Movement
Extending the Analysis
International Borrowing and Lending
Intertemporal Production Possibilities and Trade
The Real Interest Rate
Intertemporal Comparative Advantage
Direct Foreign Investment and Multinational Firms
The Theory of Multinational Enterprise
The Theory of Direct Foreign Investment
Multinational Firms in Practice
2
、
Chapter 7 focuses on international factor mobility. This departs from previous chapters which assumed that the factors of production available for production within a country could not leave a country's borders. Reasons for and the effects of international factor mobility are discussed in the context of a one-factor (labor) production and trade model. The analysis of the international mobility of labor motivates a further discussion of international mobility of capital. The international mobility of capital takes the form of international borrowing and lending. This
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facilitates the discussion of inter-temporal production choices and foreign direct investment behavior. This chapter also introduces some theories of direct foreign investment.
C h a p t t e r r 8 T h e I I n s s t t r r u m e n t t s s o f f T r r a d e P o l l i i c y ( ( 6
1
、
Chapter Organization
Basic Tariff Analysis
Supply, Demand, and Trade in a Single Industry
Effects of a Tariff
Measuring the Amount of Protection
Costs and Benefits of a Tariff
Consumer and Producer Surplus
Measuring the Costs and Benefits
Other Instruments of Trade Policy
Export Subsidies: Theory
Case Study: Europe's Common Agricultural Policy
Import Quotas: Theory
Case Study: An Import Quota in Practice: U.S. Sugar
Voluntary Export Restraints
Case Study: A Voluntary Export Restraint in Practice: Japanese Autos
Local Content Requirements
Box: American Buses, Made in Hungary
Other Trade Policy Instruments
The Effects of Trade Policy: A Summary
2
、
Chapter 8 discusses various instruments of trade policy including tariffs, quotas, voluntary export restraints, and local content requirements. The effects of these policies on prices and trade volumes are determined in the context of a partial equilibrium framework. The chapter reviews the analytical tools of consumer and producer surplus, and uses these tools to consider the welfare effects of various protectionist measures. The specific incidents of trade restrictions presented as case studies include import quotas on sugar entering United States markets, voluntary export restraints on Japanese autos, and oil import quotas.
C h a p t t e r r 9 T h e P o l l i i t t i i c a l l E c o n o m y o f f T r r a d e P o l l i i c y ( ( 3
1
、
Chapter Organization
The Case for Free Trade
Free Trade and Efficiency
Additional Gains from Free Trade
Political Arguments for Free Trade
National Welfare Arguments against Free Trade
Case Study: The Gain from “1992”
7

The Terms of Trade Argument for a Tariff
The Domestic Market Failure Argument against Free Trade
How Convincing is the Market Failure Argument?
Box: Market Failures Cut Both Ways: The Case of California
Income Distribution and Trade Policy
Electoral Competition
Collective Action
Modeling the Political Process
Who Gets Protected?
Box: Politicians for Sale: Evidence from the 1990s
International Negotiations and Trade Policy
The Advantages of Negotiation
International Trading Agreements: A Brief History
The Uruguay Round
Trade Liberalization
From the GATT to the WTO
Box: Settling a Dispute, and Creating One
Benefits and Costs
Preferential Trading Agreements
Box: Free Trade Versus Customs Unions
Box: Do Trade Preferences Have Appeal?
Case Study: Trade Diversion in South America
Trade Policy in Developing Countries
Import-Substituting Industrialization
The Infant Industry Argument
Problems of the Dual Economy
Export-Oriented Industrialization: The East Asian Miracle
Strategic Trade Policy in Developed Countries
Sophisticated Arguments for Activist Trade Policy
Globalization and Low-Wage Labor
2
、
Chapter 9 presents the set of ideas known as the political economy of trade theory. These ideas enable you to understand why certain trade restrictions exist, despite the force of general economic arguments which suggest that they reduce aggregate welfare. Possible motivations for trade restrictions are identified as those which increase national welfare, such as the optimum tariff, and those which foster either income redistribution or the preservation of status quo. While sometimes politically popular, these motivations for trade restrictions ignore the possibility of retaliation and usually fail tests based upon basic welfare analysis. Trade agreements of the 1990s are discussed, including the Uruguay Round, and distinctions are made between Free Trade Areas and Customs Unions as well as between trade creation and trade diversion.
This chapter also introduces the use of trade policy in developing countries and developed countries. It discusses both the successful and unsuccessful trade policy strategies which have been applied by developing countries in attempts to address these concerns. The text has shown why, in general, free trade is a good policy; this chapter considers two controversies in trade policy that challenge free trade. The first regards strategic trade policy. The second controversy
8

regards the recent debate over the effects of globalization on workers, the environment, and sovereignty. While the anti-globalization arguments often lack sound structure, their visceral nature demonstrates that the spread of trade is extremely troubling to some groups.
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