Chapter 10; Section 1
NOTES
Name_____________________________________
Harms/Sociology
Race, Ethnicity and the Social Structure
Objectives:
• Summarize how sociologists define the terms race, ethnicity, and minority group.
• Identify the characteristics that distinguish minority groups from one another.
Race, Ethnicity and Minority Groups
1. ___________ – a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who others see as being
a distinct group.
2. _______________ – the set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another.
3. _______________________ – individuals who share a common cultural background and sense of identity
4. _____________________ – a group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural
practices, are singled out and unequally treated.
Characteristics that Identify Minority Groups
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Identifiable physical or cultural characteristics
__________________________________________________________________
Group membership is an ______________ status (by birth)
Members share strong bonds and a sense of ______________
Members tend to practice ________________ – marriage within the group
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Chapter 10; Section 2
NOTES
Patterns of Intergroup Relations
Objectives:
• Distinguish between discrimination and prejudice.
• Describe the most common patterns of minority-group treatment.
Discrimination v. Prejudice
1. _____________________ – unsupported generalization about a category of people; involves attitudes and
can be positive
2. ______________________ – denial of equal treatment based on group membership; involves behaviors
3. According to __________________________, a false definition of a situation can become a self-fulfilling
prophecy., or a _________________ that results in behavior that makes the prediction come _______.
4. Individuals can combine discriminatory behavior and prejudicial attitudes according to Merton:
DOES NOT
DISCRIMINATES
DISCRIMINATE
UNPREJUDICED All-weather liberal Fair-weather liberal
Timid Bigot
All-weather Bigot
PREJUDICED




________________ Liberal – is not prejudiced and does not discriminate
Fair-Weather ______________ – is not prejudiced but discriminates anyway because of societal pressure
__________ Bigot – prejudiced but is afraid to discriminate because of societal pressures
All-Weather (Active) ____________ – is prejudiced and openly discriminatory
Sources of Discrimination and Prejudice
1. __________________ – oversimplified, exaggerated or unfavorable generalization about a category of people
2. ____________________ – the practice of placing the blame for one group’s troubles on an innocent
individual or group
Common Patterns of Minority-Group Treatment
1. ________________________ – allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity
2. ____________________– blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture
and identity
3. ___________________________ – legal efforts to ensure the rights of minority groups
4. ____________________ – practices that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group
5. ___________________ – the maintaining of control over a group through force
6. _________________________ – transferring a minority population to a new area
7. _____________________ – intentional destruction of the entire targeted population known as genocide
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Chapter 10; Section 3
NOTES
Minority Groups in the United States
Objectives:
• Describe the conditions under which minority groups in the United States live.
• Explain how government policies have affected the lives of minority groups in the United States.
1970
1980
1990
2000
2012
Size of Immigrant
Population (Millions)
9.6
14.1
19.8
31.1
40.8
Immigrant Share of Total
U.S. Population (%)
5
6
8
11
13
Living Conditions of Minorities
1. __________________________ – making gains toward equality, but statistics show members are lagging in
education, employment, and income; becoming more politically active
2. ___________________ – rapidly growing population; lagging in income and education; diverse population
3. ___________________________ – contrast between first-generation immigrants, who are often poor, and
second-generation, many of whom succeed educationally and financially; viewed as a “model minority,”
although this term is resented
4. ____________________________ – often live on reservations; high poverty and poor education;
encouraged to assimilate; taking steps to establish sources of income and better schools
5. _____________________ – includes some who assimilate quickly and others who remain victims of
prejudice and discrimination; making gains in religious tolerance; good education level
Government Policies Toward Minorities
1. Government policies have both _________________ and _________________ minorities.
2. For example: In the past, ______________________________ hurt African Americans. The Civil Rights Act
of 1964 forbade racial discrimination
In 2010, ______ percent of immigrants and their U.S.-born children (under 18) lived in poverty, compared to
13.5 percent of natives and their children. Immigrants and their children accounted for one-fourth of all
persons in poverty.
The children of immigrants account for ______ of all children in poverty.
The poverty rate of adult immigrants who have lived in the United States for 20 years is ___________ higher
than that of adult natives.
It is estimated that _________ of all immigrants are in the country illegally. Roughly half of Mexican and
Central American and one-third South American immigrants are here illegally.