KONKURS JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
ETAP REJONOWY- 2006
Przed przystąpieniem do rozwiązywania zadań przeczytaj dokładnie polecenia. Na
rozwiązanie testu masz 60 minut. Za wykonanie całego testu możesz uzyskać 35 punktów.
Aby przejść do etapu ustnego musisz uzyskać z testu, co najmniej 30 punktów.
Życzymy powodzenia.
I. READING
Przeczytaj uważnie zaczerpnięte z prasy informacje o książkach, a następnie
odpowiedz na pytania 1 – 6. W kratkę obok każdego pytania wpisz odpowiednią
literę, oznaczającą właściwą pozycję książkową. Nie możesz dwukrotnie udzielić tej
samej odpowiedzi. Informacja o jednej z książek została podana dodatkowo i nie
pasuje do żadnego pytania. Za każdą poprawną odpowiedź otrzymasz 1 punkt.
A Scorpia by Anthony Horowitz
If somebody asked a boy aged between 8 and 12 who his greatest fictional hero is, the answer
would probably not be Harry Potter, but Alex Rider. The reluctant teenage spy, blackmailed
into working for MI6, has now saved the world four times, and is back in Scorpia.
B Sweets by Tim Richardson
Among the things for which there is no substitute, I count a Mars bar. On Tim Richardson’s
say-so, I’m ready to add to this list a Japanese confection called ‘everyburger’ (sesame
biscuits stuck together with chocalate paste). This is a fascinating book about sweets and
desserts for those who like making them, eating them or just reading about them.
C The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon.
A murder mystery with a difference. Haddon’s novel is “written” by Christopher, a 15-yearold narrator with Asperger’s syndrome, trying to discover who killed his neighbour’s dog. A
very original, unusal book – very enjoyable to read.
D The Wars of the Roses by Julie Brooks
A fascinating, brilliantly written book presenting a comprehensive picture of 15th- century
England and the figths between the supporters of the House of Lancaster and the House of
York, the most powerful families in the kingdom at that time.
E The A-Z of What to Cook by Kenneth James
James has filled his lovely tome with interesting facts – such as that monks classified frogs as
fish in order to have something different to eat on Fridays. There are also many references to
French handbooks of gastronomy. If you want to know seven ways to cook a hare or 20
things to do with a sole, then this book is an entertaining and instructive guide. This book is
useful when you want to impress your guests by your cooking.
F The Essential Difference by Simon Baron-Cohen
On the surface, much of this book, written by a famous psychologist, seems to present a
stereotype: women’s brains are programmed for sympathising while men’s brains for
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systematising. In other words, men are organised and efficient, women sharing and caring. In
fact, this is a fascinating popular science book on human brains, genes and pshychology.
G Telegram from Guernica by Nicholas Rankin.
The life of the war correspondent and soldier George Steer was short but exceptionally full.
In his absorbing book, the journalist Nicholas Rankin tells Steer’s story neither gloryfying nor
judging him. The author presents a balanced and subtle portrait of an extraordinary man.
Which book would be chosen by somebody who
1
wants to learn how to prepare a special meal for some special guests?
2
wants to buy a good book for their son to celebrate his 10th birthday?
3
likes reading biographies?
4
is interested in scientific explanations of human behaviour?
5
likes reading about the past and is interested in history?
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likes reading well-written crime stories which are not typical ones?
II. VOCABULARY
Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz jedną właściwą i zakreśl kółkiem. Za każdą poprawną
odpowiedź otrzymasz 0,5 punktu.
1. They don’t want to _______________ the accident to the police.
a/ inform
b/ report
c/ tell
d/ speak
2. His parents made sure he had the best _______________ money could buy.
a/ education
b/ knowledge
c/ experience
d/ learning
3. At first, it was difficult to convince him, but finally he_____________ of our plan.
a/ approved
b/ agreed
c/ accept
d/ admit
4. She likes discovering new things and places. She’s very _______________.
a/ impatient
b/ sociable
c/ adventurous
d/ imaginative
5. You have to_______________ attention when I’m talking to you.
a/ lend
b/ show
c/ pay
d/ give
6. English is easy when you begin learning, but it soon _______________.
a/ gets difficult
b/ does difficult
c/ difficults
d/ makes difficult
7. Hastings is not very far. You can arrange a day _________________ for the whole group.
a) tour
b) journey
c) expedition
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d) trip
8. Just let me know when you’re coming to London. I’ll be glad to ____ you up for a few nights.
a) bring
b) give
c) make
d) put
9. It’s much more difficult to _________________________ up a child in a single-parent family.
a) bring
b) make
c) put
d) give
10.I just love to get up in the morning, go outside and touch the grass with my ___________ feet.
a) bare
b) naked
c) plain
d) shoeless
11.I must talk to John. Why don’t you _______________ him a call, then?
a/ make
b/ do
c/ give
d/ produce
12. If you don’t like rice, you can have some potatoes_______________ .
a/ instead
b/ except
c/ also
d/ too
13. Did she _______________ the exam? Yes, with flying colours!
a/ take
b/ pass
c/ sit
d/ fail
14. May all your dreams come ________________.
a/ true
b/ real
c/ realistic
d/ genuine
III. GRAMMAR
Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz jedną właściwą i zakreśl kółkiem. Za każdą poprawną
odpowiedź otrzymasz 0,5 punktu.
1. Jessica can speak Mandarin but she _______________ uses it.
b/ doesn’t hardly
a/ hardly ever
c/ hardly never
d/ almost ever
2. I don’t need your help. I’m used _______________ my own shopping.
a/ do
b/ to do
c/ to doing
d/ to be doing
3. I’d rather you _______________ him about that matter soon.
a/ told
b/ tell
c/ to tell
d/ said
4. That mysterious letter _______________ yesterday.
a/ wrote
b/ written
c/ was written
d/ was wrote
5. She came in looking as if she _______________ a ghost a minute before.
a/ had seen
b/ have seen
c/saw
d/ sees
6. Emily _____________ her lunch already, even though it’s only 10 o’clock.
a/ eats
b/ was eating
c/ ate
d/ has eaten
7. By the end of the 21st century, people ______________ new ways of reducing air pollution.
a/ will find
b/ will be finding
c/ will have found
8. The police ________________________ in this crime.
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d/ are finding
a/ is interested
b/ is interesting
c/ are interested
d/ are interesting
9. She’ll answer immediately unless she _______________.
a/ is busy
b/ will be busy
c/ was busy
d/ will have been busy
10.If only I _______________ the chance to study when I was younger.
a/ have had
b/ will have
c/ was having
d/ had had
11. We were allowed to watch TV after we _______________ supper.
a/ have eaten
b/ had eaten
c/ had ate
d/ eaten
12. Many changes _______________ since I was a child.
a/ has been made
b/ have been made c/ are made
d/ have been making
13. What questions do you think _______________ ?
a/ they will ask
b/ will they ask
c/ are they asking
d/ did they ask
14. They apologised _______________.
a/ to be late
b/ for being late
c/ for to be late
d/ to late
15. Why don’t you ask the woman in the red coat _______________ that man?
a/ if she knows
c/ to know
b/ whether does she know
d/ if does she know
16. I think I _______________ to the bank tomorrow.
a/ will have to go
b/ will must go
c/ will have gone
d/ must to go
17. I _______________ to the airport yesterday but I did.
a/ don’t need to go
c/ needn’t have gone
b/ mustn’t go
d/ didn’t go
18.Do you prefer _______________?
a/ climbing than dancing
c/ climbing or dancing
b/ climbing to dancing
d/ climbing then dancing
19.Would you like _______________?
a/ your friend stay with us
c/ your friend to stay with us
b/ that your friend stay with us
d/ to stay your friend with us
20.Bob and Lisa are going sailing but ________________ can swim.
a/ none of them
c/ neither of them
b/ no one of them
d/ either of them
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IV. CULTURE
Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz jedną właściwą i zakreśl kółkiem. Za każdą poprawną
odpowiedź otrzymasz 0,5 punktu.
1. Neil Armstrong was, _______________ .
a/ a black American jazz musician
c/ a famous American poet
b/ an American astronaut
d/ an American presenter
2. The coronation of the British monarchs takes place at _______________.
a/ St. Paul’s Cathedral
c/ Westminster Abbey
b/ Buckingham Palace
d/ Westminster Cathedral
3. In Shakespeare times the law did not allow ________________.
a/ men to be actors
c/ young boys to be actors
b/ women to be actors
d/ children to be actors
4. The Union Jack is ____________________ .
a/ a traditional British drink
c/ the national flag of Great Britain
b/ the American Flag
d/ the British National anthem
5. The national anthem of the USA is ______________.
a/ God bless the people of America
c/ The Stars and Stripes Banner
b/ The Star-spangled Banner
d/ America the beautiful
6. The Queen’s holiday residence in Scotland is called: _______________.
a/ Buckingham Palace
b/ Balmoral
c/ Windsor Castle
d/ Versailles
7. The play by Shakespeare which is known as ‘The Scottish play’ is _____________.
a/ Hamlet
b/Macbeth
c/ King Lear
d/ Othello
8. The Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace takes place _________________.
a/ once a week
b/ once a month
c/ every day
d/ every hour
c/ peoples place
d/private house
9. The word ‘pub’ is short for __________________.
a/ public building
b/ public house
10.The American holiday connected with Pilgrims and their first year in America is called
_____________________________.
a/ St Patrick’s Day
b/ Thanksgiving
c/ Columbus Day
d/ Halloween
11.The Statue of Liberty was given to the U.S. in 1884 as a symbol of friendship and freedom by
_______________.
a/ Great Britain
b/ France
c/ Germany
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d/ Sweden
12.Eire is another name for _______________.
a/ The Republic of Ireland b/ England
c/ Scotland
d/ Wales
13.The capital of Northern Ireland is _______________.
a/ Belfast
b/ Aberdeen
c/ London
d/ Dublin
c/ a shamrock
d/ a thistle
14.The symbol of Wales is _______________.
a/ a rose
b/ a leek
V. WRITING
Spędziłeś/aś dwa miesiące w Anglii. Napisz list do gospodyni B&B(Bed and Breakfast),u której
zatrzymałeś/aś się podczas pobytu. W liście;
-
podziękuj za gościnność i odnieś się do warunków, jakie ci zapewniono,
podkreśl, jaką atmosferę stworzyła podczas Twojego pobytu i w jakiej uroczystości
wziąłeś/wzięłaś udział na jej zaproszenie,
wspomnij wycieczkę, którą razem odbyliście/odbyłyście i opisz, co szczególnego się
podczas niej wydarzyło,
zaproś gospodynię do Polski i wyraź nadzieję, że będziecie mogli/mogły kontynuować
Wasze dyskusje.
Pamiętaj o zachowaniu odpowiedniej formy i stylu listu. Nie umieszczaj żadnych adresów.
Podpisz się jako XYZ. Długość listu powinna wynosić od 120 do 150 słów. Oceniana jest
umiejętność pełnego przekazania informacji, forma oraz poprawność i bogactwo językowe.
Sytuacje do części ustnej.
Zestaw 1
1. How much exercise do you do? Do you play any sports? Why (not)?
2 Describe your idea of a perfect holiday – where you would go, how you would go there,
what you would do, and so on.
3 Dzwonisz do domu. Powiedz, że przyjedziesz późno. Wyjaśnij, dlaczego.
________________________________________________________________________
Zestaw 2.
1. Would you like to be extremely wealthy? Why (not)? What problems might wealth bring
with it?
2. What are some of the main reasons why people need/choose to travel?
3. Opowiedz o swoich wrażeniach po obejrzeniu filmu.
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_____________________________________________________________
Zestaw 3
1. If you suddenly won a great deal of money, what would you do with it
2. “Good health is the most important thing in life.” Do you agree? Why (not)? What can a
person do to stay healthy?
3. Właśnie zdałeś/aś ważny egzamin. Powiedz koleżance o swoich planach na przyszłość.
Zestaw 4
1. What do you think the world will be like when you are old? What will be the greatest
changes, and what will still be the same?
2. Can the Internet be useful for everyday living? How?
3. Poproś mamę, żeby obudziła cię o siódmej rano. Podaj ważny powód.
__________________________________________________________________________
Zestaw 5
1. What are some of the advantages/disadvantages of being an Internet user?
2. How strictly organised is your time? Do you follow a regular schedule? Why (not)? What
do you like doing in your free time?
3. Zadzwoń do przyjaciół i serdecznie zaproś ich na swoje urodziny w najbliższą sobotę.
________________________________________________________________________
Zestaw 6
1. Do you think you are an optimistic or a pessimistic person? Why/ Why not?
2. “Computers will take over in the year 2010!” Do you agree with this statement? What are
some of the advantages and disadvantages of the computer era?
3. Wyjaśnij swojej sympatii, że nie będziesz mógł spotkać się z nią (z nim) w piątek. Podaj
powód.
Zestaw 7
1. What kind of things make you feel optimistic, and what things make you feel pessimistic?
Why?
2. Can the Internet be addictive? Why /How?
3. Chciałbyś skorzystać z telefonu, ale nie wiesz, czy gospodarze nie mają nic przeciwko
temu. Jak o to zapytasz? Wyjaśnij, że masz bardzo ważną sprawę do załatwienia.
Powiedz, jaką.
___________________________________________________________________________
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Zestaw 8
1. In some countries cigarette advertising is banned on television for health reasons. Do you
think this is a good idea? Why/ Why not? Are there any other products you feel should
not be advertised on television?
2. Have you ever taken a risk and did something dangerous? What kind of risk did you take?
What happened? If you haven’t - why not? What stopped you from taking that risk?
3. Dowiadujesz się, że twój rozmówca jest nałogowym palaczem. Spróbuj nakłonić go do
rzucenia tego nałogu.
________________________________________________________________________
Zestaw 9
1. What kinds of entertainment do you like? What do you do to entertain yourself?
2. Do you think that advertising is a good or a bad thing? Why/ Why not? Describe an
advertisement that you like. Say what you like about it. Did it encourage you to buy that
product?
3. Jesteś wdzięczny za wyświadczoną ci przysługę w bardzo ważnej dla ciebie sprawie. Jak
wyrazisz swoją wdzięczność?
Zestaw 10
1. Do you enjoy going to concerts? How does it make you feel? Does music play an
important role in your life?
2. Which one of the following risks would you like to take, and which ones you would never
think of taking? Why (not)? *make a parachute jump?
a war going on?
*go to a country where there is
*cheat on a test?
3. Koleżanka, którą zaprosiłaś do siebie dzwoni z dworca kolejowego pytając jak dotrzeć do
Twojego domu. Udziel jej szczegółowych informacji.
___________________________________________________________________________
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KONKURS JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
ETAP WOJEWÓDZKI
Przed przystąpieniem do rozwiązywania zadań przeczytaj dokładnie
polecenia. Na rozwiązanie testu masz 60 minut. Za wykonanie całego
testu możesz uzyskać 35 punktów. Aby przejść do etapu ustnego musisz
uzyskać z testu, co najmniej 33 punkty.
Good Luck!
I.
LISTENING
Przeczytaj podane zadania. Usłyszysz dwukrotnie rozmowę dwóch przyjaciół na temat ich
planów wakacyjnych. W każdym przypadku wybierz właściwą odpowiedź, zgodną z treścią
usłyszanych informacji, zakreślając odpowiednią literę (A, B, C lub D)
1.
Dominic likes hitch-hiking because
A. he can budget for his trip.
B. there are not so many accidents.
C. he gets to know lots of different people.
D. it is an unusual occupation.
2.
You should only accept a lift if the driver
A. has been drinking a little alcohol.
B. speaks to you politely.
C. appears confident.
D. appears to be trustworthy.
3.
Catherine believes most hitch-hikers
A. should travel by train
B. could pay the cost of a ticket
C. ought not to travel
D. are usually over thirty
4.
Some hitch-hikers may
A. offer drivers money for petrol.
B. be too embarrassed to accept lifts
C. try to take advantage of drivers
D. be asked to give some money for petrol
5.
When hitch-hiking Dominic
A. wants to chat to the drivers
B. takes some sensible safety measures
C. often has health problems
D. prefers travelling with lorry drivers
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II.
READING
Przeczytaj tekst. W pierwszej części zadania zdecyduj na podstawie zawartych w tekście informacji, które ze zdań
podanych na następnej stronie są prawdziwe (TRUE), a które fałszywe (FALSE). Zaznacz w każdym przypadku
odpowiednią rubrykę, wpisując znak „X”. W drugiej części zadania wybierz spośród czterech podanych możliwości
(A, B, C lub D) właściwe zakończenie zdania, zgodne z treścią tekstu.
Be Prepared
Interviews can be scary experiences and the only way to calm your fears is to ‘be prepared’. The best way
to start is by finding out as much about the company as possible. Ring the company’s marketing
department and get them to send you a copy of the annual report. Use it to find useful pieces of
information that you can drop into the conversation at your interview. Another good tip is to look up the
company’s website which is likely to be full of background information, history and up-to-date news. The
more you know before your interview, the more confident you’ll feel and appear.
Think of different questions you are likely to be asked. Take a piece of paper and write a subject in the
centre. Draw several lines branching out from the subject. Then, for each line, write down a question you
might be asked on that subject and think about how you would answer it positively.
It is also a good idea to get some practice under your belt. Ask your family and friends to run through a
mock interview with you and give you honest feedback on how you look and sound.
You may be more knowledgeable about the company than the managing director, but when it comes to
the interview no amount of preparation can prevent the butterflies in your stomach, the dryness in your
throat and the pounding of your heart. A little adrenalin is healthy, but you don’t want to appear like a
startled rabbit caught in the headlights. So try to keep it in perspective: an interview is not a firing squad.
The worst thing that can happen is that you don’t get the job. Take sensible precautions to prevent feeling
tense: wear something comfortable, leave yourself plenty of time to get there, use the toilet before you go
in and ask for a glass of water. A few quiet deep breathing exercises will make you look and feel less
agitated.
It’s unlikely you’ll get the first job you’re interviewed for, but the good news is that you will get better at
it – practice doesn’t make perfect but it helps. And comfort yourself with the thought that in a few years’
time, it might be you sitting on the other side of the desk.
Część I
True
1
Every interviewee is sent an annual report.
2
You can use the Internet to prepare for your interview
3
Make a list of questions in advance and practise
answering them.
It is advisable to know more about the company than
the person interviewing you.
Being late for an interview can make you feel nervous.
4
5
6
If you practise your interview techniques you are bound
to find a job.
10
False
Część II
W zadaniach 7 i 8 wybierz właściwe zakończenie, zgodne z treścią tekstu. Wskaż odpowiedź, zakreślając A, B, C lub
D
7. The text
A. gives advice about job interviews
B. tells you what to do if you are nervous
C. describes how to become a managing director
D. advises you to set up a website
8. The text is part of
A. a newspaper article
B. a letter
C. a job application
D. a careers leaflet
III.
GRAMMAR
Uzupełnij poniższe zdania tak, aby ich znaczenie było takie samo jak zdań poprzedzających. Za każdą poprawną
odpowiedź otrzymasz 0,5 punktu.
1.
Your stereo isn’t working properly.
time
It is.………………………………………………….……... your stereo fixed.
2.
I’m sorry I upset you at the party.
wish
I ……….………….………………………...…….…………. you at the party.
3.
I only agreed because Ann was so nice to me.
have
I wouldn’t ………………………….if Ann …………………………………..
4.
“You’ve destroyed my rose garden, Matt”, said Mrs. Pond.
accused
Mrs. Pond ……….………….…...…………….……….……her rose garden.
5.
The fridge is practically empty; we need to do some shopping.
hardly There …….……….…….………the fridge; we need to do some shopping.
6.
Someone is coming to repair the roof on Monday.
repaired
We are going …….………….…….………….……….…………on Monday.
7.
Maybe Pamela forgot that we had a meeting after lunch.
might
Pamela .……….……………….………..that we had a meeting after lunch.
8.
Waiters are serving drinks before the concert begins.
being
Drinks .………….……….……….……….…… before the concert begins.
9.
Ben can’t stop thinking about playing with his computer.
obsessed
Ben ………………….….………….……….………….….with his computer.
10.
Sammy went to the bank to open an account.
view
Sammy went to the bank ……….………..….……….………….an account.
11.
It wouldn’t be a good idea to stay up late before the exam.
better
You ……….………….……….…………..……….……late before the exam.
12.
It’s two years since Francis Forbs started writing his new book.
writing Francis Forbs ……….…………….…...……….his new book for two years.
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IV.
VOCABULARY
Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz jedną właściwą i zakreśl kółkiem. Otrzymasz 0,5 punktu za jedną poprawną
odpowiedź.
1. My friends went out …………..………………………………………... it was pouring.
a) regardless
b) in spite
c) no matter
d) even though
2. He knew a visit to his parents was ……………. , but he still didn’t go and see them.
a) late
b) behind
c) delayed
d) overdue
3. Computers have taken away much of the …….…… involved in boring office work.
a) drudgery
b) labour
c) task
d) job
4. The ……………………. stood up to cheer the children at the end of the school play.
a) viewers
b) followers
c) audience
d) congregation
5. Even though the colour ………………………………….……. her, she never wears it.
a) joins
b) agrees
c) suits
d) fits
6. Teachers have been told to ………………………..… good behaviour in their classes.
a) prize
b) reward
c) award
d) benefit
7. They decided to ……………………………………………………………. the deadline.
a) proceed
b) travel
c) extend
d) continue
8. I think I will ……………………………………...……. this photograph. I really like it!
a) enlarge
b) settle
c) increase
d) form
9. John was so …………………... to his job that he often worked all through the night.
a) willing
b) devoted
c) promising
d) eager
10. There was a …………………….…. of evidence so the judge let the woman go free.
a) failure
b) loss
c) miss
d) lack
11. She bought a yellow bag to …………………………………………………. her shoes.
a) fit
b) wear
c) suit
d) match
12. The cut was very deep, so he went to the hospital to have it ………………………...
a) sewed
b) stitched
c) embroidered
d) knitted
V.
CULTURE
Wybierz jedną poprawną spośród podanych odpowiedzi A, B, C albo D.
Otrzymasz 0,5 punktu za jedną poprawną odpowiedź.
15. Which of the buildings is NOT in the UK ……………………………………………...?
a/ Sears Towers
c/ Windsor Castle
b/ Caernarfon Castle
d/ Westminster Cathedral
16. The Queen’s husband, Prince Philip’s title is …………………………………………...
a/ the King
c/ Duke of Edinburgh
b/ the Duke of York
d/ the Prince of Wales
17. In Britain it is unlucky to ………………………………………………………………….
a/ see two magpies
c/ catch leaves in autumn
b/ find a four leaves clover
d/ see one magpie
18. On the first Monday of September people in the USA celebrate ……………………..
a/ Columbus Day
b/ Labour Day c/ President’s day
d/ Liberal Day
19. The Mardi Gras is a festival in ……………………………………………………………
a/ New York
b/ Alabama
c/ New Orleans d/ Texas
20. ‘The Grand Canyon’ is situated in ……………………………………………………..
a/ Wisconsin b/ Mississippi c/ Ohio
d/ Arizona
21. A ‘thistle’ is a national emblem or ‘sign’ for …………………………………………..
a/ Scotland
b/ Ireland
c/ England
d/ Wales
22. Old Bailey is ………………………………………………………………………………..
a/ a traditional song sung by convicts
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b/ the name of the famous pub in London
c/ the traditional name of the Central Criminal Court
d/ name given to Prince Charles by the British
23. The national symbol of America is ………………………………………………………
a/ a flying eagle holding an olive tree
b/ an eagle holding a bow and arrows
c/ an eagle with an arrow in his heart
d/ an eagle holding an olive branch and arrows
24. The American Congress consists of ……………………………………………………...
a/ the House of Commons and the House of Lords
b/ the House of Representatives and the Senate
c/ the House of Commons and the Senate
d/ the House of Representatives and the House of Commons
VI.
WRITING
Poszedłeś/Poszłaś do kina, ale nie jesteś zadowolony/a z seansu. Napisz do kierownika zażalenie w
formie listu.
- Podaj, kiedy i na jakim seansie byłeś/aś.
- Poskarż się na złą jakość obrazu i zbyt cichy dźwięk.
- Poinformuj, że obsługa cały czas otwierała drzwi
i głośno rozmawiała w holu.
- Poinformuj, że czujesz się zawiedziony/a, i poproś o zwrot pieniędzy.
Pamiętaj o zachowaniu odpowiedniej formy i stylu listu. Nie umieszczaj żadnych adresów. Podpisz się jako XYZ.
Długość listu powinna wynosić od 120 do 150 słów. Oceniana jest umiejętność pełnego przekazania informacji,
forma oraz poprawność i bogactwo językowe.
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