ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY II
INDEPENDENT STUDY GUIDE
FOR:
SPECIAL SENSES
Faculty:
Mary Osinga
Winter 2009
This unit is for independent study during week eight (independent study
week) of semester one. The content will NOT be covered in class, but
WILL BE TESTED on TERM TEST(s). Please check the course outline
to find out which test(s).
Special Senses
SPECIAL SENSES
Due: Week 12 in lab
References:
1.
Tortora, G. J., & Grabowski, S. R. (2007). Principles of Anatomy and
Physiology. 12th edition. New York: Wiley.
2.
Your medical dictionary.
________________________________________________________________________
1.
Examine the structure of the eye.
A. Identify and label on a diagram (page 350 of your Learning Guide) the
following external and internal structures of the eye:
a. External:




eyelids and eyelashes
conjunctiva
eye muscles - extrinsic
lacrimal apparatus

outer fibrous tunic

middle vascular tunic - choroid
- ciliary body
- suspensory ligament
- lens
- iris
inner nervous tunic: - retina
- fovea centralis
- macula lutea
- optic disc
b. Internal:


Special Senses
- cornea
- sclera

Cavities:
- anterior
- posterior
Fluids: - aqueous humor
- vitreous humor

Optic nerve
B. Differentiate between rods and cones with regards to location and function.
RodsCones-
C. Differentiate between the structure of the aqueous and vitreous humors.
E. Identify the cranial nerves involved in vision and eye movement.
Cranial Nerve2.
Examine the structure of the ear.
A. Identify and label on a diagram ( 359 of your Learning Guide) the following internal,
middle, and external structures of the ear:
a. External Ear:


pinna or auricle
external auditory canal
b. Middle Ear:
c Inner Ear:

B.
3.




tympanic membrane
auditory ossicles - malleus, incus, stapes
oval window
auditory (eustachian) tube



cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals
Identify the cranial nerves involved in hearing and equilibrium.
Examine the structure and function of the taste receptors.
A.
Define:
Special Senses
- taste buds-
4.
B.
- papillae- gustatory cellsDescribe where taste buds are found.
C.
Identify the three cranial nerves that carry taste impulses to the gustatory cortex.
D.
Identify the four basic taste sensations. Label, on a diagram of the tongue, the
areas that are the predominant sites of sweet, sour, salt, and bitter receptors.
Examine the structure and function of the olfactory receptors.
A.
Define:- olfactory receptors
B.
Describe where olfactory receptors are found.
C.
Identify the cranial nerve that carries impulses to the olfactory cortex.
Special Senses