OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4a Foundation
Who planted that there?
1
Label the diagram of a plant cell.
B
C
D
A
E
F
2
Why do plants need roots? Give two reasons.
(a) ___________________________________________________________________
(b) ___________________________________________________________________
3
Leaves are adapted to photosynthesise efficiently. Write down three ways in which
leaves are adapted for photosynthesis.
(a) ___________________________________________________________________
(b) ___________________________________________________________________
(c) ___________________________________________________________________
4
Look at the diagram of the inside of a leaf.
(a) Label the diagram. Use these words: cuticle; epidermis; guard cell; palisade layer;
vein; spongy layer; stoma.
…………………….. C
B ……………………..
…………………….. D
A ……………………..
…………………….. E
X ……………………..
(a) Write down the names of two gases that move through part X
(i) ________________________ (ii) ________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4a Higher
Who planted that there?
1
Leaves are adapted to photosynthesise efficiently. Write down three ways in which
leaves are adapted for photosynthesis.
(a) __________________________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________________________
(c) ___________________________________________________________________
2
Look at the diagram of the inside of a leaf.
(a) Label the diagram. Use these words: cuticle; epidermis; guard cell; palisade layer;
vein; spongy layer; stoma.
…………………….. C
B ……………………..
…………………….. D
A ……………………..
…………………….. E
X ……………………..
(b) Write down the names of two gases that move through part X.
(i) ________________________ (ii) ________________________
3
The diagram below shows some palisade cells from inside the leaf.
nucleus
cell
membrane
These leaf cells have special features to help them make food. What are they called?
Write about the features and their distribution within the cell. ____________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4b Foundation
Water, water everywhere
1
Plants lose water from the leaves into the air. This process is called ________________
The water loss helps the plants. Suggest two ways it helps them:
(a) ____________________________________________________________________
(b) ___________________________________________________________________
2
Losing too much water can harm plants. Leaves have features that reduce water loss.
Describe two of these features.
(a) ___________________________________________________________________
(b) ___________________________________________________________________
3
The diagrams below show a leaf cell changing as it loses water. When cells change like
this, the leaf will wilt.
Explain how these changes will make the plant wilt.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4
Three microscope slides of blood cells had drops of different solutions added to them.
Slide A had water added. Slides B and C had different salt solutions added to them. The
results are shown below. The concentration inside the blood cells is about the same as
the salt solution on slide B.
slide A
slide B
slide C
water
dilute salt solution
concentrated salt solution
The red cells all swell up
and burst.
The red cells do not
change their appearance
(a) Draw what the cells will look like in the concentrated salt solution (slide C).
(b) Explain why the red blood cells burst in slide A. ___________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4b Higher
Water, water everywhere
1
Three microscope slides of blood cells had drops of different solutions added to them.
Slide A had water added. Slides B and C had different salt solutions added to them. The
results are shown below. The concentration inside the blood cells is about the same as
the salt solution on slide B.
slide A
slide B
slide C
water
dilute salt solution
concentrated salt solution
The red cells all swell up
and burst.
The red cells do not
change their appearance
(a) Draw what the cells will look like in the concentrated salt solution (slide C)
(b) Explain why the red blood cells burst in slide A ___________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2
In an experiment to investigate transpiration, the mass of a potted plant was recorded
during one day as shown in the graph below.
mass
of
plant
time
Diagrams 1–4 show stomata from the plant’s leaves at the points marked A–D on
the graph but they are not shown in the correct order.
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4b Higher
Y
1
2
3
4
X
(a) Label X and Y
(b) Suggest which diagram shows a stoma at point A on the graph. Give your
reasons. ____________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4c Foundation
Transport in plants
1
(a) Label the diagram of the flowering plant below.
…………………….. E
…………………….. D
A……………………..
…………………….. C
…………………….. B
(b) Complete the table, describing the job of each of the plant structures:
Plant structure
Function (job)
Leaf
Stem
Root
Flower
2
Label the diagrams of a section through the root and stem
Root
Stem
A ……………….
B ……………….
C ……………….
D ……………….
F ……………….
G ……………….
E ……………….
(a) Write the letters of the parts of the stem and roots that carry mineral salts and
water. ___________________________
(b) Write the label letters of the parts of the stem and roots that carry food.
_________________________________
3
What external factors, other than light, would affect the transpiration rate in a wellwatered plant? __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4c Higher
Transport in plants
1
Label the diagrams of a section through the root and stem
Root
Stem
A ……………….
B ……………….
C ……………….
D ……………….
(a) Write the letters of the parts of the stem and roots that carry mineral salts and water
_________________
(b) Write the letters of the parts of the stem and roots that carry food ______________
2
What external factors, other than light, would affect the transpiration rate in a wellwatered plant? __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3
Explain why an increase in light intensity would cause an increase in transpiration rate.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4
Label A and B in the diagram of a longitudinal (lengthways) section through a stem.
cambium
B
epidermis
A
B
epidermis
A
vascular bundle
(a) What process happens through A? ____________________________________
(b) What process happens through B? ____________________________________
(c) Give one major difference between tissue A and tissue B. _________________
___________________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4d Foundation
Plants need minerals too
1
When gardeners use fertiliser to increase the growth of their plants, they dissolve the
fertiliser in water. Explain why the fertiliser needs to be dissolved in water.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2
Underline the part of the plant that absorbs the mineral salts:
flower
3
stem
shoot
leaves
roots
fruits
buds
petioles
Last year, a farmer was told by the fertiliser company to spread one tonne of fertiliser
on his field. This year, he is spreading another tonne of fertiliser on the same field. Give
two reasons why the farmer needs to spread the fertiliser again this year.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4
Complete the table
Mineral
Deficiency symptoms
Poor growth and yellow leaves
Phosphate
Poor root growth and discoloured leaves
Potassium
Magnesium
5
A gardener spreads fertiliser on his grass lawn. On the box that he uses, it says that the
fertiliser contains nitrates and magnesium to help the grass grow. What do they do to
help the grass grow?
Magnesium ____________________________________________________________
Nitrates _______________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4d Higher
Plants need minerals too
1
Last year, a farmer was told by the fertiliser company to spread one tonne of fertiliser
on his field. This year, he is spreading another tonne of fertiliser on the same field.
Give two reasons why the farmer needs to spread the fertiliser again this year.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2
Complete the table.
Mineral
Deficiency symptoms
Poor growth and yellow leaves
Phosphate
Poor root growth and discoloured leaves
Potassium
Magnesium
3
Plants need minerals such as nitrates and magnesium to make new substances.
(a) What do plants make by using nitrates? __________________________________
(b) What do plants make by using magnesium? _______________________________
4
An experiment to find out how a plant absorbs magnesium ions was set up. The
concentrations of magnesium ions in the plant root cells and in the bathing solution
were measured. The graph shows the results.
plant root cells
concentration
of magnesium
ions
solution
in beaker
time
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4d Higher
Some substances enter plant roots by diffusion or osmosis. Minerals enter roots by a
different process. The plant can absorb large amounts of magnesium ions from a dilute
solution. Use the graph to explain how.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4e Foundation
Energy flow
1
Look at this food chain. The size of the arrows shows how much energy is transferred
at each stage.
microscopic
plants
microscopic
animals
fish
seals
polar
bears
(a) Name the producer __________________________________
(b) Name a consumer ___________________________________
(c) What is the original source of energy that drives the food chain? _______________
(d) What is the name of the process that uses the original energy? _________________
(e) Give two reasons why not all of the energy from the seals is transferred to the polar
bears.
(i) ________________________________________________________________
(ii) ________________________________________________________________
2
Look at the table of results from a survey carried out in some oak trees.
Feeding level
Animals and plants
Numbers
producers
oak trees
5
primary consumers
insects, squirrels and birds
1017
secondary consumers
spiders and birds
86
tertiary consumers
kestrels
2
(a) Draw a sketch of the shape you would get if you drew an accurate pyramid of
numbers.
(b) If you wanted to draw a pyramid of biomass, what extra information would you
need? _____________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4e Higher
Energy flow
1
Look at the table of results from a survey carried out in some oak trees.
Feeding level
Animals and plants
Numbers
producers
oak trees
5
primary consumers
insects, squirrels and birds
1017
secondary consumers
spiders and birds
86
tertiary consumers
kestrels
2
(a) Draw a sketch of the shape you would get if you drew an accurate pyramid of
numbers
(b) If you wanted to draw a pyramid of biomass, what extra information would you
need? _____________________________________________________________
2
Look at the food chain below and the biomass at each trophic level in grams per square
metre.
Rose plant
600
Greenfly
50
Ladybird
10
Blackbird
1
(a) Draw a pyramid of biomass on the squared paper provided. You should take care
to keep the whole pyramid to the same scale (suggestion: five small
squares = 50 g/m2)
(b) What proportion of energy in a rose plant is transferred to greenfly?
___________________________________________________________________
3
Squirrels feed on nuts and leaves from trees. Some of the energy from the food leaves
the squirrel as waste materials. Give two examples of the waste materials.
(a) ___________________________________________________________________
(b) ___________________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4f Foundation
Farming
1
Choose the chemical a farmer would use to kill weeds, from the following list:
fungicide
2
germicide
herbicide
insecticide
pesticide
An investigation was set up with carrot plants and weed plants planted in the same
container. The results are shown below.
Treatment
Average mass per root (g)
No weeds sown
156.1
Carrots sown two weeks before weeds
126.3
Carrots sown one week before weeds
106.3
Carrots and weeds sown together
60.7
(a) What percentage of the carrot crop was lost when the weeds and carrot seeds were
sown together?
___________________________________________________________________
(b) Explain why weeding is an important part of crop production.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3
The owner of an apple orchard hired beehives from a beekeeper when his trees were
flowering. The apple trees were being attacked by insects called aphids (greenfly). Bees
do not eat aphids.
(a) Why were the bees being kept in the orchard? _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
(b) Give two reasons why it would be unwise to use an insecticide to kill the aphids.
(i) ________________________________________________________________
(ii) ________________________________________________________________
(c) Without using insecticide, suggest how you could try to solve the problem of
controlling the aphids.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4f Higher
Farming
1
The owner of an apple orchard hired beehives from a beekeeper when his trees were
flowering. The apple trees were being attacked by insects called aphids (greenfly). Bees
do not eat aphids.
(a) Why were the bees being kept in the orchard? _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
(b) Give two reasons why it would be unwise to use an insecticide to kill the aphids.
(i) ________________________________________________________________
(ii) ________________________________________________________________
(c) Without using insecticide, suggest how you could try to solve the problem of
controlling the aphids._________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2
The picture shows how a farmer keeps some cows indoors.
The farmer also keeps some cows in the field. They have the same amount of food but
the cows indoors put on weight more quickly than the cows outside. Why do the cows
indoors put on weight more quickly? ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3
The flow chart shows some of the relationships in a fish farm producing trout.
5% dissolves
Parasites
Fish food
10% sinks
Trout
Why does the farmer need to be concerned about:
(a) loss of food? _______________________________________________________
(b) parasites?__________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4g Foundation
Decay
1
Many farmers use fertilisers to help their crops grow better. One type of natural
fertiliser is compost, which can be made from decaying material. Decay is caused by
microbes.
Look at the following containers:
A
contains damp
plant material
B
contains dry
plant material
C
contains damp
plant material
D
contains dry
plant material
air holes
In which container will the plant material decay most quickly? ___________________
Why? _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2
3
Draw lines to match the preserved food to its method of preservation.
Food
Method of preservation
Kippers
Canning
Baked beans
Cooling
Packet soup
Freezing
Oven chips
Drying
Pickled onions
Adding salt/sugar
Jam
Smoking
Fresh milk
Adding vinegar
Name two kinds of microorganisms that will cause decay in food and compost.
(a) ______________________________ (b) ______________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4g Higher
Decay
1
2
Draw lines to match the preserved food to its method of preservation.
Food
Method of preservation
Kippers
Canning
Baked beans
Cooling
Packet soup
Freezing
Oven chips
Drying
Pickled onions
Adding salt/sugar
Jam
Smoking
Fresh milk
Adding vinegar
Explain how freezing, drying and canning preserve food.
(a) Freezing ___________________________________________________________
(b) Drying ____________________________________________________________
(c) Canning ___________________________________________________________
3
Name two kinds of microorganisms that will cause decay in food and compost.
(a) ______________________________ (b) ______________________________
4
Complete the sentences using the words below:
bacteria
down
recycle
break
complex
decomposers
fungi
producers
simple
vultures
‘If the organisms in the food chain die before they are eaten, their bodies decay due to
the activity of ____________, such as _____________ and __________________.
These organisms ____________ organic matter into __________________ chemicals
that can be used again by growing plants.’
5
In an experiment, leaves were put into three net bags of different sized mesh (small,
medium and large) and buried in the soil. At the end of one week, they were dug up and
examined. Which bag do you think contained the leaves that had decomposed the most,
and why? ______________________________________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4g Higher
______________________________________________________________________
17 of 41
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4h Foundation
Recycling
1
Complete the following sentences: ‘When animals and plants grow, they take in
chemicals and incorporate these into their ____________. During their life processes,
when they die and ____________, these elements are ____________.’
2
Look at the diagram. It shows the major parts of the carbon cycle.
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Y
X
eaten
animals
plants
Z
soil
(a) The arrows labelled X, Y and Z show processes in the carbon cycle. Name them.
Process X is ________________________________________________________
Process Y is ________________________________________________________
Process Z is ________________________________________________________
(b) Name one other method by which people cause huge amounts of carbon dioxide to
be returned to the air. _________________________________________________
3
The diagram below shows a simple version of the nitrogen cycle.
Name the processes represented by:
Nitrates
in the soil
A
Proteins in
plants
D
B
Nitrogen in
humus
C
Proteins in
animals
A _________________________________ B _________________________________
C _________________________________ D _________________________________
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OCR GCSE
Science
Homework B4h Higher
Recycling
1
The diagram below shows a simple version of the nitrogen cycle.
A
Nitrates
in the soil
Proteins in
plants
D
B
Nitrogen in
humus
Proteins in
animals
C
(a) Name the processes represented by:
A _______________________________ B _______________________________
C _______________________________ D _______________________________
(b) Study the cycle and explain the importance of adding humus to the soil.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(c) What substance (other than protein) is broken down at C? ____________________
(d) Name the microbes that reduce the amount of nitrate in the soil (apart from the
action of A). ________________________________________________________
(e) How is the nitrogen cycle affected by a lightning storm? _____________________
___________________________________________________________________
2
Below is a diagram of the carbon cycle.
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Y
X
animals
eaten
plants
Z
soil
(a) Name processes X ______________, Y ______________ and Z ______________
(b) Name the two processes, not identified, that return carbon dioxide to the
atmosphere. (i) __________________________ (ii)_________________________
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OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Homework Mark Scheme
B4a & B4b Foundation & Higher
B4a Who planted that
there?
B4b Water, water
everywhere
Foundation
Foundation
1
A – nucleus
1
(a) Cooling
C – cell membrane
(b) Drags mineral salts up with water
E – vacuole
2
F – chloroplasts
3
4
[6]
Anchorage/absorption of water/mineral
3
column
[2]
(a) Cuticle
[1]
(b) Stomata that can close
[1]
Lose water, cells become flaccid because
salts/food storage
[2]
the swollen contents are not pressing
(a) thin
[1]
against the cell wall. Cells floppy = plant
(b) veins/vascular bundles
[1]
wilting.
(c) pores/large internal surface area
[1]
4
x – stoma
(a) Shrivelled
(no plant cell wall to prevent them
swelling) and burst.
[6]
[3]
Higher
(b) Oxygen, carbon dioxide
(water vapour)
[3]
(b) Take in water by osmosis, swell up
(a) a – vein; b – cuticle; c – epidermis;
d – palisade layer; e – spongy layer;
[2]
1
(a) Shrivelled
[1]
(b) Take in water by osmosis, swell up
Higher
1
[1]
B – cell wall
D – cytoplasm
2
Transpiration
(a) thin
[1]
(b) veins/vascular bundles
[1]
(c) pores/large internal surface area
[1]
(no plant cell wall to prevent them
swelling) and burst.
2
(a) a – vein; b – cuticle; c – epidermis;
A3; B2; C1; D4
[1]
(a) X – guard cell; Y – stoma
[2]
(b) 3, because the stoma is open and
d – palisade layer; spongy layer; x –
stoma
2
[2]
will lose most water by transpiration
[2]
[6]
(b) Oxygen, carbon dioxide
(water vapour)
3
[2]
Chloroplasts. Near the top of palisade
cell for maximum absorption of sunlight
[2]
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OCR GCSE
Additional Science
B4c Transport in plants
Foundation
1
(a) a – roots; b – stem; c – leaf;
d – vein; e – flower
Homework Mark Scheme
B4c & B4d Foundation & Higher
B4d Plants need
minerals too
Foundation
[5]
(b) Leaf – photosynthesis; stem –
support and transport; root –
1
Roots absorb fertiliser in solution
[2]
2
Roots
[1]
3
Plants will have used up some of the
anchorage and water uptake;
flower – reproduction
2
fertiliser by their growth/some of the
[4]
fertiliser will have been washed
A – epidermis; B – cortex; C – xylem;
(leached) away by the rain
D – phloem; E – cambium; F – xylem;
G – phloem
4
[7]
and discoloured leaves
(b) D & G
[4]
Temperature, humidity, wind
[3]
Magnesium – yellow leaves
5
Magnesium needed to make chlorophyll
A – epidermis; B – cortex; C – xylem;
Higher
D – phloem; E – cambium; F – xylem;
1
G – phloem
[7]
[2]
Plants will have used up some of the
fertiliser by their growth/some of the
fertiliser will have been washed
(a) C & F
(b) D & G
[4]
2
Temperature, humidity, wind
[3]
3
Increase in light intensity would lead to
(leached) away by the rain
2
[2]
Nitrate – poor growth and yellow leaves
Potassium – poor yellow flower and fruit
growth and discoloured leaves
an increase in photosynthesis. Therefore,
Magnesium – yellow leaves
an increase in gaseous exchange,
therefore stomata would be open, lose
3
water and transpiration rate would
4
[3]
Nitrates needed to make proteins
Higher
1
Nitrate – poor growth and yellow leaves
Potassium – poor flower and fruit growth
(a) C & F
3
[2]
increase.
[3]
A – phloem; B – xylem
[2]
4
[3]
Magnesium is needed to make
chlorophyll
[1]
Nitrates are needed to make proteins
[1]
Minerals are taken up against a
concentration gradient by ‘active
(a) translocation
uptake’. This uses energy.
(b) transpiration
(c) A is living; B is dead
[2]
[3]
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OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Homework Mark Scheme
B4e & B4f Foundation & Higher
B4e Energy flow
B4f Farming
Foundation
Foundation
1
(a) Microscopic plants
1
Herbicide
[1]
(b) Any animal in the food chain
2
(a) 61%
[1]
(b) Weeds compete with crop plants for
(c) Sunlight
space, light, water and nutrients
(d) Photosynthesis
3
(e) Polar bears do not eat or absorb all
of the seal’s body
[1]
(a) The bees were being kept in the
orchard to pollinate the apple
[2]
blossom
2
(a)
(b) It would kill the useful bees. It may
also concentrate along the food
chain to a poisonous level
(c) Use a biological control such as
[1]
ladybirds
[3]
(b) The average mass of each organism
at each trophic level
[1]
Higher
1
Higher
1
(a) The bees were being kept in the
orchard to pollinate the apple
(a)
blossom
[1]
(b) It would kill the useful bees. It may
also concentrate along the food
chain to a poisonous level
(c) Use a biological control such as
[1]
ladybirds
(b) The average mass of each organism
at each trophic level
2
3
[1]
[1]
(a) Pyramid of biomass clearly drawn.
[2]
(b) 8.3%
[1]
Faeces, urine
[2]
2
[1]
Cows indoors will not need to use as
much energy to keep warm or move
around as much
3
[2]
(a) Loss of food costs money that is
not going into fish growth
[1]
(b) Parasites will damage the fish and
so they will not grow to their full
potential
[2]
22 of 41
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OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Homework Mark Scheme
B4g & B4h Foundation & Higher
B4g Decay
B4h Recycling
Foundation
Foundation
1
A – because microbial growth is
favoured by moisture and air
2
1
[2]
Kippers – smoking; baked beans –
released/recycled
2
canning; packet soup – drying; oven
cooling
[4]
(a) fungi
[1]
(b) bacteria
[1]
3
[1]
A – Nitrates taken into plants and used to
B – Animals feeding on plants
C – Excretion and death
D – Decay
Kippers – smoking; baked beans –
1
onions – adding vinegar; jam – adding
sugar; fresh milk – cooling
[6]
(a) Lowers temperature and slows
microbial activity
(b) Removes water so that microbes
4
Decomposers; bacteria; fungi; break
B – Animals feeding on plants
[1]
C – Excretion and death
[3]
D – Decay
[1]
(c) Urea
[2]
down; simple.
[1]
for plant growth
[3]
Fungi and bacteria
used to make proteins for growth
more can decay to provide nitrates
(c) Seal food into a sterile, oxygen free
3
(a) A – Nitrates taken into plants and
(b) The more humus that is added, the
cannot reproduce or grow
environment
[4]
Higher
canning; packet soup – drying; pickled
5
[3]
make proteins for growth
Higher
2
(a) X – respiration; Y – photosynthesis;
(b) combustion
vinegar; jam – adding sugar; fresh milk –
1
[3]
Z - decomposition
chips – freezing; pickled onions – adding
3
Bodies; decompose/decay;
(d) Denitrifying bacteria
[5]
(e) Causes some atmospheric nitrogen
Leaves in the bag with a large mesh will
to be turned to oxides of nitrogen,
have decomposed most because the
nitrous acid and then to nitrites
detritivores will have had greatest access
2
to these leaves. They will have broken
(a) X – respiration; Y – photosynthesis;
Z – decay/decomposition
them up and increased the surface area
for more microbial action
[4]
[2]
[3]
(b) Combustion and calcium carbonate
heated/weathered
[2]
23 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz
B4a Foundation and Higher
Who planted that there?
1
Underline the parts of a cell that are found in plant but not animal cells.
nucleus; cell wall; cell membrane; cytoplasm; chloroplast; vacuole
2
3
[F]
Complete the following sentence: ‘Gases move into and out of a leaf through pores
called _______ by a process known as ________.’
[F]
Complete the crossword below to find the word in the shaded column.
[F]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4
1
Structures in leaves for support and transport
2
Leaves must be this so that so that gases only have a short distance to travel
3
When leaves photosynthesise, the stomata will be ____________
4
The middle layer of the leaf
5
They form the stoma
6
Top, waterproof layer of the leaf
7
Absorbed by the roots
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Water enters plants through the leaves
Oxygen leaves plants through the roots
Carbon dioxide enters leaves through the stomata
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll
5
We can see that leaves are adapted for efficient photosynthesis because the ______ is
transparent; palisade cells contain a lot of __________ and are at the top of the leaf; and
the spongy mesophyll has _________ to allow diffusion from the stomata.
6
[H]
Another example of adaptation for photosynthesis is that leaves have a large/medium/
small internal surface area:volume ratio. (Underline the correct word.)
[H]
24 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz
B4b Foundation and Higher
Water, water everywhere
1
Complete the following sentence by underlining the correct word from each pair:
‘Osmosis is the movement of water/sugar across a completely/partially permeable
membrane from an area of high/low water concentration to an area of high/low water
concentration.’
2
Underline the four things for which plants use water.
cooling; sweating; urinating; photosynthesis; support; respiration;
movement of minerals
3
Complete the crossword below to find the word in the shaded column.
[F]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4
1
Pores in a leaf
2
Process of water loss from a leaf
3
Allows substances into and out of a cell
4
Increase the surface area of root for the absorption of water and mineral salts
5
If a plant cell loses lots of water, the cell membrane comes away from the cell wall
6
If a plant goes floppy when it loses lots of water, we say it is ____________
7
Plants need water for ______________ (to be kept upright)
Draw lines joining the words to their meanings.
Word
Meaning
Wilts
Name of pores from which water evaporates
Osmosis
Loss of water from the leaves
Stomata
Happens to a plant when it loses water
Transpiration
Movement of water across a semi-permeable
[F]
membrane
5
Complete the following sentence by underlining the correct word from each pair.
‘Stomata will open/close when guard cells become more flaccid. This will be in
response to water loss/gain and increased/decreased light intensity. Guard cells become
more flaccid when water moves into/out of them by osmosis’.
[H]
25 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz
B4c Foundation and Higher
Transport in plants
1
2
Draw lines to join the plant structure to its function (job)
Plant structure
Function
Stem
Water & mineral uptake
Root
Reproduction
Flower
Photosynthesis
Leaf
Support and Transport
[F]
Complete the crossword to find the word in the shaded column.
[F]
1
2
3
4
5
6
3
1
The change of water into a gas
[F]
2
The amount of water vapour in the air
[F]
3
The movement of food substances up and down the stem
[F]
4
Xylem vessels are made from dead cells with a ____________ lumen
[H]
5
A type of flowering plant (not grasses).
6
Tissue carrying water and mineral salts from root to shoot.
[F]
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
An increase in light intensity decreases the transpiration rate
T
Xylem and phloem tissue are organised into vascular bundles
Phloem tissue is found towards the outside of the stem
Xylem vessels are dead
4
Complete the following sentence: ‘Phloem contains columns of _______ cells that carry
_______________. Xylem contains ______ walled tubes that are ______. They carry
______ and ____________.
[H]
26 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz
B4d Foundation and Higher
Plants need minerals too
1
Complete the crossword.
[F]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
1
Minerals needed for respiration and growth
2
Salts needed by plants for healthy growth
3
Increase in size
4
Farmers add this to their land to improve crop growth
5
Mineral needed for a plant to make chlorophyll
6
Plants get their minerals from the ______________
7
Minerals needed for cell growth
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[H]
Potassium is needed by plants for enzymes in respiration and photosynthesis
Active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient
F
Active transport does not use energy
F
Nitrates are needed by plants to make carbohydrates
3
Potassium deficiency is characterised by ____________________________.
[F]
4
Draw lines to link the mineral salt to its job in plants.
[F]
5
Mineral salt
Job in plant
Phosphates
Needed for plant growth
Magnesium
Respiration and growth
Nitrates
Respiration and photosynthesis
Potassium
Make compounds essential for photosynthesis
Complete the following sentences: ‘Active transport uses ______ and can move
substances ______ a concentration gradient. Nitrogen is needed to make ______ and
magnesium is needed to make _________’.
[H]
27 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz
B4e Foundation and Higher
Energy flow
1
Complete the crossword below to find the word in the shaded column.
[F]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
1
A useful biofuel (methane)
2
Removal of food that has not been absorbed during digestion
3
A particular stage or level in a food chain
4
An animal in the food chain (not a producer)
5
A characteristic of all living things. Produces energy
6
Supplies the energy to start all food chains.
7
We burn these to make energy
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Sunlight provides energy to drive every food chain
Pyramids of numbers show the biomass at each stage of a food chain
Energy in a food chain is transferred to less useful forms at each trophic level
Plants are producers because they can make their own food by photosynthesis
3
Give three examples of biofuels. ______, ______ and ______
4
Give three reasons for developing biofuels. ______, ____________ and
[F]
[H]
____________
5
Complete the sentence: ‘Energy enters a food chain by ______ using light energy from
the ______ by the process of ______. It passes along the food chain by ______. Some of
that energy is transferred to less useful forms at each stage by ______ and ______’.
6
[F]
Does this food chain give a ‘pyramid shaped’ pyramid of numbers? ___
Rose bush
Aphid
Ladybird
Blue Tit
28 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz
B4f Foundation and Higher
Farming
1
Complete the crossword below to find the word in the shaded column
[F]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
Growing plants without soil
2
Mixed into soil to encourage plant growth
3
Used to kill fungi
4
Building for encouraging plant growth by letting in light and controlling
temperature
2
5
Removing plants that may compete with crops without using herbicides
6
Used to kill insects
7
Biological ____________ keeps down pests without using chemicals.
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Herbicides are used to kill unwanted plants
Battery farming is a type of organic farming technique
Intensive farming is not very efficient
Growing plants without soil is called hydroponics
3
Give two reasons why it may not be a good idea to use insecticides.
[F]
(a) _________________________________________________________________________
(b) _________________________________________________________________________
4
Give two advantages and two disadvantages of using hydroponics to grow tomatoes.
Advantages
[H]
Disadvantages
29 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz
B4g Foundation and Higher
Decay
1
Complete the crossword below and reveal the word in the shaded area
[F]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
1
A wriggling detritivore
2
Microbes/saprophytes that cause decay
3
Break down or rot
4
Removing water to prevent preserve food
5
An organism that feeds on detritus
6
Organic matter does this when it is chewed or decayed
7
Lowering food temperature below 0°C to prevent decay
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Detritivores speed up decay by increasing the surface area of dead material
Bacteria and fungi are decomposers
Cooling speeds up bacterial respiration and growth
Water is necessary for decay to take place
3
List four ways of preserving food: ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[F]
4
List two types of detritivore: _______________________________________
[F]
5
What is ‘saprophytic nutrition’? ____________________________________
[H]
6
Apart from temperature, give two other factors that could be controlled to alter the rate
of decay. (a) ________ (b) ________
7
[H]
Give one reason why decay is a useful process. ___________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[F]
30 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz
B4h Foundation and Higher
Recycling
1
Complete the crossword below to reveal the word in the shaded line
[F]
1
2
3
4
i
5
6
1
A microbe that causes decay
2
The process by which living things produce energy
3
Nitrogen-containing compound, excreted by animals and decays to produce
ammonia
2
4
_______________ and fungi are decomposers.
5
The burning of _______________ fuels produces large amounts of carbon dioxide
6
This gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Burning fossil fuels uses up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Plants and animals produce carbon dioxide as a result of respiration
Plants take in nitrates to make protein for growth
95% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen
3
Complete the following sentences: ‘In the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide is produced by
combustion, decay and __________. Carbon dioxide is used up by _____ in the process
of ______________.’
4
[F]
State one way, apart from photosynthesis, in which carbon dioxide is used up in the sea.
_____________________________________________
[H]
5
What gas do bacteria and fungi convert proteins and urea into? _________
[H]
6
Give an example of the plants that have nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in their root
nodules. _________________
7
8
[H]
Name the process by which soil bacteria and fungi release carbon dioxide during decay.
___________
[H]
What type of bacteria converts ammonia into nitrates? ______________________
[H]
31 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz: answers
B4a Foundation and Higher
Who planted that there?
1
Underline the parts of a cell that are found in plant but not animal cells.
nucleus; cell wall; cell membrane; cytoplasm; chloroplast; vacuole
2
3
Complete the following sentence: ‘Gases move into and out of a leaf through pores
called stomata by a process known as diffusion.’
[F]
Complete the crossword below to find the word in the shaded column.
[F]
1
v
e
5
6
4
5
[F]
i
n
s
2
3
4
t
h
i
n
o
p
e
n
m
e
s
o
p
h
y
l
g
u
a
r
d
c
e
l
l
s
c
u
t
i
c
l
e
7
w
a
t
e
r
l
1
Structures in leaves for support and transport
2
Leaves must be this so that so that gases only have a short distance to travel
3
When leaves photosynthesise, the stomata will be ____________
4
The middle layer of the leaf
5
They form the stoma
6
Top, waterproof layer of the leaf
7
Absorbed by the roots
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Water enters plants through the leaves
F
Oxygen leaves plants through the roots
F
Carbon dioxide enters leaves through the stomata
T
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll
T
We can see that leaves are adapted for efficient photosynthesis because the cuticle is
transparent; palisade cells contain a lot of chloroplasts and are at the top of the leaf; and
the spongy mesophyll has air spaces to allow diffusion from the stomata.
6
[H]
Another example of adaptation for photosynthesis is that leaves have a large/medium/
small internal surface area:volume ratio. (Underline the correct word.)
[H]
32 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz: answers
B4b Foundation and Higher
Water, water everywhere
1
Complete the following sentence by underlining the correct word from each pair:
‘Osmosis is the movement of water/sugar across a completely/partially permeable
membrane from an area of high/low water concentration to an area of high/low water
concentration.’
2
Underline the four things for which plants use water.
cooling; sweating; urinating; photosynthesis; support; respiration; movement of minerals
3
Complete the crossword below to find the word in the shaded column.
t
2
5
4
1
s
t
o
m
a
t
a
r
a
n
3
s
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
4
r
o
o
t
h
a
i
r
s
p
l
a
s
m
o
l
y
s
e
6
w
i
l
t
i
n
g
7
s
u
p
p
o
r
[F]
n
d
t
1
Pores in a leaf
2
Process of water loss from a leaf
3
Allows substances into and out of a cell
4
Increase the surface area of root for the absorption of water and mineral salts
5
If a plant cell loses lots of water, the cell membrane comes away from the cell wall
6
If a plant goes floppy when it loses lots of water, we say it is ____________
7
Plants need water for ______________ (to be kept upright)
Draw lines joining the words to their meanings.
Word
Meaning
Wilts
Name of pores from which water evaporates
Osmosis
Loss of water from the leaves
Stomata
Happens to a plant when it loses water
Transpiration
Movement of water across a semi-permeable
[F]
membrane
5
Complete the following sentence by underlining the correct word from each pair.
‘Stomata will open/close when guard cells become more flaccid. This will be in
response to water loss/gain and increased/decreased light intensity. Guard cells become
more flaccid when water moves into/out of them by osmosis’.
[H]
33 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz: answers
B4c Foundation and Higher
Transport in plants
1
2
Draw lines to join the plant structure to its function (job)
Plant structure
Function
Stem
Water & mineral uptake
Root
Reproduction
Flower
Photosynthesis
Leaf
Support and Transport
Complete the crossword to find the word in the shaded column.
1
3
5
3
[F]
d
i
t
r
e
a
v
a
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
2
h
u
m
i
d
i
t
y
n
s
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
4
h
o
l
l
o
w
d
e
n
o
u
s
c
o
t
y
l
e
6
x
y
l
e
m
[F]
1
The change of water into a gas
[F]
2
The amount of water vapour in the air
[F]
3
The movement of food substances up and down the stem
[F]
4
Xylem vessels are made from dead cells with a ____________ lumen
[H]
5
A type of flowering plant (not grasses).
6
Tissue carrying water and mineral salts from root to shoot.
[F]
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
An increase in light intensity decreases the transpiration rate
[F]
F
T
4
Xylem and phloem tissue are organised into vascular bundles
T
Phloem tissue is found towards the outside of the stem
T
Xylem vessels are dead
T
Complete the following sentence: ‘Phloem contains columns of living cells that carry
food substances. Xylem contains thick walled tubes that are hollow. They carry water
and mineral salts.
[H]
34 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz: answers
B4d Foundation and Higher
Plants need minerals too
1
Complete the crossword.
1
2
5
2
[F]
p
h
o
s
p
h
a
t
e
s
m
i
n
e
r
a
l
s
3
g
r
o
w
t
h
4
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
s
e
r
m
a
g
n
e
s
i
u
m
6
s
o
i
l
7
n
i
t
r
a
t
e
s
1
Minerals needed for respiration and growth
2
Salts needed by plants for healthy growth
3
Increase in size
4
Farmers add this to their land to improve crop growth
5
Mineral needed for a plant to make chlorophyll
6
Plants get their minerals from the ______________
7
Minerals needed for cell growth
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[H]
Potassium is needed by plants for enzymes in respiration and photosynthesis
Active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient
T
T
F
F
Active transport does not use energy
F
Nitrates are needed by plants to make carbohydrates
F
3
Potassium deficiency is characterised by poor flower and fruit growth.
[F]
4
Draw lines to link the mineral salt to its job in plants.
[F]
5
Mineral salt
Job in plant
Phosphates
Needed for plant growth
Magnesium
Respiration and growth
Nitrates
Respiration and photosynthesis
Potassium
Make compounds essential for photosynthesis
Complete the following sentences: ‘Active transport uses energy and can move
substances against a concentration gradient. Nitrogen is needed to make proteins and
magnesium is needed to make chlorophyll’.
[H]
35 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz: answers
B4e Foundation and Higher
Energy flow
1
Complete the crossword below to find the word in the shaded column.
2
5
e
b
i
o
e
s
t
i
o
n
3
t
r
o
p
h
4
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
r
r
e
s
p
i
r
a
t
i
6
s
u
n
l
s
7
2
g
1
f
u
e
g
a
i
c
o
n
[F]
s
1
A useful biofuel (methane)
2
Removal of food that has not been absorbed during digestion
3
A particular stage or level in a food chain
4
An animal in the food chain (not a producer)
5
A characteristic of all living things. Produces energy
6
Supplies the energy to start all food chains.
7
We burn these to make energy
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Sunlight provides energy to drive every food chain
T
Pyramids of numbers show the biomass at each stage of a food chain
F
Energy in a food chain is transferred to less useful forms at each trophic level
T
Plants are producers because they can make their own food by photosynthesis
T
3
Give three examples of biofuels. wood, alcohol and biogas
4
Give three reasons for developing biofuels. renewable, reduces air pollution and
[F]
energy self-reliance
5
[H]
Complete the sentence: ‘Energy enters a food chain by plants using light energy from
the sun by the process of photosynthesis. It passes along the food chain by feeding.
Some of that energy is transferred to less useful forms at each stage by respiration and
egestion’.
6
[F]
Does this food chain give a ‘pyramid shaped’ pyramid of numbers? No
6 Rose bush
Aphid
Ladybird
Blue Tit
36 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz: answers
B4f Foundation and Higher
Farming
1
Complete the crossword below to find the word in the shaded column
1
h
3
6
y
d
r
o
p
o
n
i
c
2
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
s
f
u
n
g
i
c
i
d
e
4
g
l
a
s
s
h
o
5
w
e
e
d
i
n
g
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
c
i
d
e
7
c
o
n
t
r
e
r
u
s
e
o
l
1
Growing plants without soil
2
Mixed into soil to encourage plant growth
3
Used to kill fungi
4
Building for encouraging plant growth by letting in light and controlling
[F]
temperature
2
3
5
Removing plants that may compete with crops without using herbicides
6
Used to kill insects
7
Biological ____________ keeps down pests without using chemicals.
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Herbicides are used to kill unwanted plants
T
Battery farming is a type of organic farming technique
F
Intensive farming is not very efficient
F
Growing plants without soil is called hydroponics
T
Give two reasons why it may not be a good idea to use insecticides.
[F]
(a) They may harm organisms that are not pests___________________________________
(b) They may accumulate along the food chain to a toxic level ______________________
4
Give two advantages and two disadvantages of using hydroponics to grow tomatoes.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Better control of mineral levels
Lack of support
Better control of disease
Need to add fertilisers
[H]
37 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz: answers
B4g Foundation and Higher
Decay
1
Complete the crossword below and reveal the word in the shaded area
2
5
d
e
t
r
f
i
7
2
3
1
m
a
g
g
o
n
g
u
n
g
i
3
d
e
c
a
y
4
d
r
y
i
i
v
o
r
e
6
b
r
e
a
k
e
e
z
i
n
g
t
f
r
[F]
t
d
1
A wriggling detritivore
2
Microbes/saprophytes that cause decay
3
Break down or rot
4
Removing water to prevent preserve food
5
An organism that feeds on detritus
6
Organic matter does this when it is chewed or decayed
7
Lowering food temperature below 0°C to prevent decay
o
w
n
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Detritivores speed up decay by increasing the surface area of dead material
T
Bacteria and fungi are decomposers
T
Cooling speeds up bacterial respiration and growth
F
Water is necessary for decay to take place
T
List four ways of preserving food: canning/cooling/freezing/drying/adding salt, sugar
or vinegar
[F]
4
List two types of detritivore: earthworms/maggots/woodlice
[F]
5
What is ‘saprophytic nutrition’? feeding on dead and decaying material
[H]
6
Apart from temperature, give two other factors that could be controlled to alter the rate
of decay. (a) oxygen (b) water
7
[H]
Give one reason why decay is a useful process. breaks down waste and dead
matter/releases nutrients to be used by plants once more
[F]
38 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Self-assessment quiz: answers
B4h Foundation and Higher
Recycling
1
Complete the crossword below to reveal the word in the shaded line
2
r
e
s
1
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
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1
A microbe that causes decay
2
The process by which living things produce energy
3
Nitrogen-containing compound, excreted by animals and decays to produce
[F]
ammonia
2
3
4
_______________ and fungi are decomposers.
5
The burning of _______________ fuels produces large amounts of carbon dioxide
6
This gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere
True or false? Put T or F in the boxes.
[F]
Burning fossil fuels uses up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
F
Plants and animals produce carbon dioxide as a result of respiration
T
Plants take in nitrates to make protein for growth
T
95% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen
F
Complete the following sentences: ‘In the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide is produced by
combustion, decay and respiration. Carbon dioxide is used up by plants in the process
of photosynthesis.’
4
[F]
State one way, apart from photosynthesis, in which carbon dioxide is used up in the sea.
marine organisms make shells made from carbonates
[H]
5
What gas do bacteria and fungi convert proteins and urea into? ammonia
[H]
6
Give an example of the plants that have nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in their root
nodules. clover, peas, beans
7
8
[H]
Name the process by which soil bacteria and fungi release carbon dioxide during decay.
respiration
[H]
What type of bacteria converts ammonia into nitrates? nitrifying bacteria
[H]
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© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Student checklist B4
It’s a green world
Tick () column: A when you have covered the
statement in class.
Tick () column B if you need to do more work on it.
Tick () column C when you are confident you can
answer any questions on it.
In your revision for your end-of-block test or final
examinations, concentrate most time on those
statements not ticked.
Statements in bold can only appear on the Higher
tier paper.
I can:
1
A
B
C
Identify parts of a plant cell and parts of a leaf.
State the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis and how leaves and palisade
cells are adapted for efficient photosynthesis.
Describe the exchange of gases into and out of a leaf by diffusion, and the entry
of water into the plant through the roots.
Explain how the cellular structure of a leaf is adapted for efficient
photosynthesis.
2
Define osmosis and state that water moves in and out of a cell by a type of
diffusion.
Explain that osmosis is the net movement of water and predict the direction of
water movement
State that plants are supported by inelastic cell walls and turgid cells.
Describe the movement of water through a plant and explain the role of root
hairs in increasing surface area for water uptake.
Explain transpiration in terms of water diffusion and state its importance to the
plant.
Describe/explain how the leaf structure is adapted to reduce water loss.
Describe/explain the effects of the uptake and loss of water on animal cells.
Explain wilting; flaccid; plasmolysed and turgid
Explain that transpiration is a consequence of leaves’ photosynthetic
adaptation
3
Relate plant structure to function.
Describe the arrangement and function of xylem and phloem in root, stem and
leaf.
Describe the transpiration ‘pull’ up xylem vessels caused by evaporation from
leaves.
Describe/explain the factors affecting transpiration rate.
Describe the structure of xylem and phloem.
4
State plants’ requirement of nitrates, phosphates, potassium and magnesium and
the role of each in plant growth.
Explain that mineral deficiencies result in poor plant growth.
40 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.
OCR GCSE
Additional Science
Student checklist B4
Recall that roots absorb minerals from the soil at quite low concentrations.
State the importance of minerals in the production of key plant compounds.
Recall that minerals are taken into root hair cells by active transport.
Explain active transport.
5
Construct pyramids of numbers and biomass from given information and
distinguish between them.
Explain the flow of energy through food chains and webs.
How some energy is transferred to less useful forms at each trophic level.
Describe different methods of transferring energy from biomass.
Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer and explain how this determines
the shape of pyramids of biomass and the limited length of food chains.
Explain reasons for developing biofuels and discuss choice of use of
biomass.
6
Explain the meaning of intensive farming and understand the dilemma of
efficiency versus ethics.
Describe the use of pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and fungicides and their
effect on the environment
Describe how plants can be grown without soil and possible uses of
hydroponics.
Describe organic farming techniques and the advantages and disadvantages of
biological control.
Explain how intensive food production improves the efficiency of energy
transfer.
Explain why pesticides may accumulate in food chains.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of hydroponics and discuss
organic farming techniques.
7
State, describe and explain the effects of the key factors on the process and rate
of decay.
State and describe the effect of decomposers and detritivores on detritus.
State six food preservation techniques and explain how they reduce the rate of
decay.
Explain the term saprophyte and how saprophytic nutrition causes decay.
Inoculate nutrient agar plates
8
State that when animals and plants and decay, the elements incorporated into
their bodies are recycled.
Explain how carbon is recycled in nature.
Explain how nitrogen is recycled in nature.
Explain that soil bacteria and fungi release carbon dioxide into the air by
respiration.
Explain how carbon is recycled in the sea.
41 of 41
© Harcourt Education 2006, OCR Gateway Science
This document may have been altered from the original.