A Merger of Theories on Change Process
Theory
(Burello, 2004;
Salisbury, Strieker,
Roach, &
McGregor, 2001)



Philosophy
Clarity of
purpose
Professional
community
Leadership
commitment


Practice
Community development
and education
Knowledge, skills, and
disposition






(Fullan, Bennett, &
Rolheiser-Bennett,
1990; Salisbury,
Strieker, Roach, &
McGregor, 2001))

(Guskey, 2000, ,
2002)
Professional
development linked
to student
outcomes


Classroom Improvement
 Content
 Instructional skills
 Instructional
strategies
 Classroom
management
Teacher as Learner
 Technical repertoire
 Teacher as
researcher
 Collaboration
 Reflective practices
Instructional practices to
achieve student
outcomes
Skills and knowledge
needed for educators to




Structure
Leadership
commitments
Infrastructure
Allocation of resources
Assessment
mechanisms
Instructional program
coherence
Resources
School Improvement
 Collegiality
 Shared purpose
 Continuous
improvement
 Structure
Organizational supports
for practices
Professional delivery
format for teaching skills
and knowledge needed
Policy
Theory
(Lippitt, 2003)
(McGregor, 1998)
(Salisbury, Strieker,
Roach, &
McGregor, 2001)
(Sugai & Horner,
2002)
Philosophy
Practice
meet student outcomes
Capabilities
Vision


Practice
 Inclusive Practices
 Building capacity
Inclusive
Philosophy
 Use general
education as
the context
Social Competence 
& Academic
Achievement

Supporting Student
Behavior
Practices
Structure
for educators
 Incentives
 Resources
 Action plan
Research
 Inclusive Structures
 Building capacity
 Approach change
systematically
Policy
 Inclusive
Policies
 Link change
to policy






Supporting Decision
Making
Supporting Staff
Behavior
Systems
Data
Outcomes
Policy






District-wide
systems
Building
based
systems
Classroom
based
systems
Individual
based
systems
Nonclassroom
setting
systems
Family
systems
Community
systems
Resources
Burello, L. (2004). District and School Capacity
Fullan, M., Bennett, B., & Rolheiser-Bennett, C. (1990). Linking classroom and school improvement. Educational
Leadership, 47(8), 13-19.
Guskey, T. R. (2000). Evaluating Professional Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, Inc.
Guskey, T. R. (2002). Does it make a difference? Evaluating professional development. Educational Leadership, 50(6),
45-51.
Lippitt, M. (2003). Leading Complex Change: Enterprise Management, LTD.
McGregor, G. V., R. T. (1998). Inclusive Schooling Practices: Pedagogical and Research Foundations: A Synthesis of the
Literature that Informs Best Practices about Inclusive Schooling. Baltimore, MD Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.,
Inc.
Salisbury, C., Strieker, T., Roach, V., & McGregor, G. (2001). Pathways to Inclusive Practices Systems Oriented, PolicyLinked, and Research-Based Strategies that Work. Retrieved October 19, 2004, from
http://www.urbanschools.org/publications/consortium_inclusive.html
Sugai, G., & Horner, R. (2002). Overview of School-wide Positive Behavior Support. Paper presented at the OSEP Center
on Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports.