República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación
Unidad Educativa Colegio 19 de Abril
Guía de Estudio de Inglés
1ero, 2do y 3er año
Primer lapso
Autor: Prof. Freddy Alejos
Cabudare, Septiembre de 2012
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Introducción
Esta guía ha sido elaborada especialmente para el Colegio 19 de Abril, a fin de
dar un perfil acerca de la enseñanza, aprendizaje y del buen uso del idioma
Inglés en la Educación Básica (primero, segundo y tercer año).
Espero sea una herramienta útil para el estudio y la comprensión de las
estructuras básicas del idioma para el docente y sobre todo para los alumnos
ávidos
de
conocimiento.
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Objetivo nro. 1.
Expresiones de cortesía (de buenos deseos, saludo y despedida).
-
Para saludar
Hi!
Hello!
How are you?
Good morning!
Good afternoon !
Good evening !
-
Para despedirse
Bye !
Bye, bye !
Good bye !
See you later !
See you tomorrow !
Take care !
Have a nice day !
Good night !
So long !
-
Para agradecer
Thanks
Thank you
Thank you very much
Ejemplos.
I.
a: Hi! Mary. How are you?
b: Hello, Ann. I’m fine. And you?
a: I’m ok. Thank you.
II.
a: Good evening, Miss Johnson.
b: Good evening Jane.
a: How are you?
b: Very well, thank you.
III.
a: Hello!
a: Hello, Mary.
b: Hello!
b: Hello, Jane.
a: How are you?
a: How are you?
b:Fine, thanks
b: Fine thanks
IV.
a: Good morning, class.
b: Good morning, teacher.
a: How are you today?
b: Very well, thank you. And you?
a: Fine, thanks.
a: See you tomorrow!
b: See you
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Lenguaje
Formal situations
leaving
meeting
First speaker
Hello, Mrs../Mr..
Second speaker
Hello, Mrs../Mr..
Very well, thank you.
Fine, thanks.
Good morning !
Good afternoon !
Good evening !
Good bye !
See you later !
See you next week.
See you on Monday.
Good night !
How are you?
Good morning !
Good afternoon !
Good evening !
Good bye !
See you later !
See you next week.
See you on Monday.
Good night !
Informal situations
meeting
Hi !
Hello !
leaving
First speaker
Bye !
See you later !
See you !
Good night !
How are you?
Second speaker
Hello !
Hi !
Very well, thanks.
Fine, thanks.
Bye !
See you later !
See you !
Good night !
V. Complete y practique en parejas.
1. ____________ morning (y).
2. Good ____________ (x). How are you?
3. Fine, ___________ you. And ____________ you ?
4. _____________ very ________ . _________ you ?
5. Oh ! Very good .
VI. Seleccione y escriba.
0. see you tomorrow
see
1. I’m _________ well
later
2. Good ________
how
3. Thank ________
night
4. See you ________
and
5. ________ fine
I’m
you
very
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VII. Escriba en ingles.
1. Nos vemos mañana.
2. Buenas noches (saludo).
3. Buenas noches (despedida).
4. Adiós señora, Maga.
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Objetivo nro. 2.
Presentarse y presentar a otros.
I.
- I’m Martha
(Hello, Martha)nice to meet you.
- Martha, this is Pedro.
(Hello Pedro) nice to meet you.
- (It’s) nice to meet you, Martha.
II.
My name is ___________.
I’m your English teacher.
III.
Mr. - He’s
biology
your
This is
Mrs. She’s
geography
a
history
The
mathematics
Miss - She’s
Spanish
IV.
Grupos de dos (2).
a. What’s your name ?
b. My name is ______________ .
a. Hello, I’m ______________ .
b. Hello, ______________ . Nice to meet you.
V.
Grupos de tres (3).
A le presenta a B el alumno C.
B. This is C.
It’s nice to meet you C.
It’s nice to meet you B.
teacher
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Pronombres personales
Adjetivos posesivos
I __________________
my
mi
You _______________
your
tu
He ________________
his
de él
She _______________
her
su de ella
It _________________
its
de eso –a
We _______________
our
nuestro
You _______________
your
suyo de Uds.
They ______________
their
su de ellos
Adjetivos demostrativos.
This
esta -este
singular
That
aquel – aquella
These
estos - estas
plural
Those
aquellos - aquellas
Artículo indefinido.
A
consonant … a
An
vowel … an
house / a
book
apple / an orange
Pronombres personales
Nominativo
Caso objetivo
Adjetivo posesivo
I
Me
My
You
You
You
He
Him
His
She
Her
Her
It
It
Its
We
Us
Our
You
You
You
They
Them
Their
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VI. Practique esta conversación.
(Mr. John) : Good (afternoon), (Peter).
(Peter) : Good (afternoon), (Mr. John). How are you ?
(Mr. John) Fine, thank you. And how are you, (Peter) ?
(Peter) : I’m very well, thank you.
(Mr. John) : (Peter), this is (Betty).
(Peter) : Oh! Nice to meet you, (Betty).
(Betty) : Glad to meet you, (Peter).
Nice to meet you = glad to meet you
VII. Complete este diálogo.
Mr. Lee : Good _____________, Carol.
Carol : _____________, Mr. Lee, How _______ you ?
Mr. Lee : I’m _______, ________ ________ and _______, Carol ?
Carol : ______ _______ _______, thanks.
Mr. Lee : Carol, _______ _____ William.
Carol : _____ ! _______ ______ _______ _______, William.
William : ________ ______ _______ _______, Carol.
VIII. Siga el ejemplo.
Grupo A
Grupo B
Mr. Smith is the English teacher
He’s the English teacher.
Miss Carey
History
She’s the History teacher.
Mrs. Hill
Geography
Mr. Clay
Mathematics
Miss Kent
Biology
IX. Complete con He – He’s, She or She’s.
0.
Mr. Wilson is not a pupil /He is a teacher.
1.
Tony is not a teacher / ______ a pupil.
2.
Mrs. Brown is my teacher / _______ not my mother.
3.
________ my father and ______ is my English teacher too.
4.
Mr. Bond is not the Biology teacher / ________ not a teacher.
5.
Mrs. Clay is a teacher / _______ is a Geography teacher.
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X. Complete y practique esta conversación.
Vicky : _______! , Mr. Brown.
Mr. Brown : Hello, Vicky. How are ______ ?
Vicky : ______ fine, thanks.
Mr. Brown: Vicky, this is Lucy. ______ my secretary.
Lucy : Nice ___ meet _______, Vicky.
Vicky : Nice to ______ you, Lucy.
Mr. Brown : O.K. _______ down, friends.
Victor, Lucy : _______ you Mr. Brown.
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Objetivo nro. 3.
Dar, pedir y recibir información referente a la identificación de personas.
a student.
My name is _________ . I’m
an English teacher.
Mr. Brown’s secretary.
my
your
What’s
his
his
name
her
her
is
name (s)
________
are
____and ____
their
The principal of your school?
Your History teacher ?
Mr. _________
Who’s
This
That
boy ?
Mrs. ________
girl ?
My brother Bill
woman ?
My sister
man ?
He’s
Miss Smith
child ?
She’s
Betty’s father
That’s
Billy, my friend
They’re
Tom’s friend
Boys ?
Raquel’s daughter
These
Who are
Those
girl s ?
Our teachers
women ?
Jim and Bob
men ?
children ?
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I.
Who are you ?
I’m Peter Brown.
What do you do ?
I’m a doctor.
- I’m Mr. Carter’s secretary.
- Lucy’s teacher.
- Terry’s friend.
Who are you ?
- The English teacher.
- The principal of this school.
Observe
Grammar

A
=
a doctor
an architect
teacher
engineer
pupil
electrician
secretary
English teacher
I’m a doctor.
-an electrician.
- a teacher.
What do you do ?
- an architect.
- a secretary.
- an engineer.
- a mechanic.
II.
Actividad en parejas.
X. Excuse me, please.
Y. Yes, what is it ?
X. Can I ask you a question ?
Y. Sure, do it.
AN
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-doctor.
X. Who are you ?
Y. I’m …
X. And, what do you do ?
Y. I’m (a), (an) . . . . . . .
X. O.K. Thank you very much.
III.
-
teacher.
-
mechanic.
-
architect.
-
engineer.
-
electrician.
Seleccione y escriba.
0. Hello, how are you ?
X. are
1. I am ________ secretary.
a. an
2. What do you … ?
b. English teacher.
3. I’m an ________
c. who
4. _________ are you ?
d. do
5. I’m Mr. __________
e. doctor
f. a
g. how
IV.
Diferente respuesta. Practique en grupos de tres.
Are you ___________ ?
Yes, I am ___________
(I’m).
No, I am not _________
(I’m not ).
Are you ___________ ?
No, I’m not __________
Who are you ?
I’m ________________
V.
Pregunta y responde.
0. (doctor)
what do you do ?
1. (engineer)
2. (mechanic)
3. (electrician)
4. (English teacher)
I’m a doctor.
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VI.
The Alphabet.
A B CD E F G
( EI )
( BI )
( SI )
( DI )
(I)
( EF )
( YI )
H I J K L M N
( EICH ) ( AI )
( YEI )
( KEI )
( EL ) ( EM ) ( EN )
O P Q R STU
(O)
( PI )
( KIU) ( AR )
( ES ) ( TI ) ( IU )
V W X Y Z
( VI ) ( DOBLIU ) ( ECS ) ( UAI ) ( DZI )
VII.
Spelling.
VIII.
How do you spell
It ?
That ?
Your name ?
a. What’s your name ?
b. Louise Collins.
a. How do you spell Louise ?
b. L - O - U - I - S - E
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Objetivo nro. 4.
Pronombres personales. Verbo To Be.
Verbo To Be. Ser – estar.
Presente
am
I
Are
you - we - they
Is
he - she - it
Affirmative form.
I am
_________ yo soy – estoy.
You are ________ tú eres – estás
He is __________ él es – está
Sheis _________ ella es – está
Itis ___________ eso (a) es – está
We are ________ nosotros somos – estamos
You are ________ ustedes son - están
They are _______ ellos son – están
Negative form.
I am not _________ I am not – yo no soy – no estoy
You are not ______ you aren’t – tú no eres – no estás
He is not ________ He isn’t – él no es – no está
She is not _______ She isn’t – ell no es – no está
It is not _________ It isn’t eso no es – no está
We are not ______ we aren’t – nosotros no somos – no estamos
You are not _____ you aren’t – Ustedes no son – no están
They are not ____ they aren´t – ellos no son – no están
Interrogative form.
Am I a teacher ?
Yes, you are a teacher.
No, you aren’t a teacher.
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Examples.
a) Are you a pupil?
Yes, I am a pupil.
No, I am not a pupil.
b) Is he a doctor ?
Yes, he is a doctor.
No, he is not a doctor.
c) Is she a girl ?
Yes, she is a girl.
No, she is not a girl.
d) Is it a dog ?
Yes, it is a dog.
No, it is not a dog.
e) Are we in Cabudare ?
Yes, we are in Cabudare.
No, we are not in Cabudare.
f) Are you students ?
Yes, we are students.
No, we are not students.
g) Are they teachers ?
Yes, they are teachers.
No, they are not teachers.
Objetivo nro. 5.
I. Pareo.
Dibuja una flecha que salga de la columna A y termine en la columna B.
( I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they) que corresponda al sujeto que está en la
oración de la columna A.
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Ejemplo.
Columna A
The women are so beautiful
Columna B
a. I
b. you
c. he
d. she
e. it
f. we
g. you
h. they
a. The boys love the girls.
a. I
b. The girl likes the English book.
b. you
c. Mary sits near john.
c. he
d. Jane and me are students.
d. she
e. The sky is clear.
e. it
f. we
g. you
h. they
II. Pareo.
Dibuje una flecha que salga de la columna A y termine en la columna B en la
oración que está en plural, que corresponda con la oración en singular que está
en la columna A.
Ejemplo.
Columna A
This book is so good
a. This exercise is easy.
b. That pen on the floor is John’s.
Columna B
these books are so good
a.These rooms are so small for our class.
b.Those letters on the table are for you.
c. This room is too small for our class. c.These exercises are easy.
d. That letter on the table is for you.
d.Those pens on the floor are John’s.
e. This message is for you.
e.These messages are for you.
f. Those girls are playing football.
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Objetivo nro. 6.
Adjetivos demostrativos
This ->These
That ->Those
I. Use this or these.
1. This question
11. ______ chairs
2. These people
12. ______ books
3. ______ house
13. ______ tables
4. ______ hospital
14. ______ page
5. ______ flowers
15. ______ apple
6. ______ radio
16. ______ pen
7. ______ dresses
17. ______ notebook
8. ______ news
18. ______ words
9. ______ children
19. ______ exercises
10. _____ answer
II. This – That These -- Those
-This indicates that something is near us.
-That indicates that it is at a distance.
Examples.
This book is in my hand.
That book is over there on the table.
-The plural of this is these.
-The plural of that is those.
Examples.
These books are in my hands.
Those books are over there on the table.
III. Change the following sentences from singular to plural.
1. This exercise is easy.
2. This room is too small for our class.
3. That pen on the floor is John’s.
4. This pack of cigarettes belongs to Williams.
5. That boy on the other side of the street is George’s brother.
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6. This book is out of date.
7. That purse on the table is Mary’s.
8. This message is for you.
9. That is Henry’s pen.
10. This is my English book.
11. That letter on the table is for Mr. Smith.
12. This is my pen, not Henry’s.
13. That mountain in the distance form part of the Rocky Mountains.
14. This car belongs to my father.
15. That office at the end of the hall is the administration office.
16. This chair is very comfortable.
Objetivo nro. 7.
Disculparse y aceptar disculpas.
Sorry !
I’m sorry ¡
That’s
O.K
Excuse me ¡
It’s
All right
Pardon me ¡
Objetivo nro. 8.
Expresar agradecimiento y responder a él.
You’re welcome ¡
Thank you very much !
That’s
Thanks.
O.K
All right
Objetivo nro. 9.
Entender y expresar aprobación o desaprobación.
Good ¡
Excellent ¡
Very good ¡
Fine ¡
right ¡
That’s
correct ¡
very good ¡
O.K
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Very good !
Oh, thank you !
That’s excellent !
Well. That’s not right.
Let’s repeat.
Objetivo nro. 10.
Simple present tense.
The simple present tense of all verbs in English (except the verb To Be) has the
same form as the infinitive. In the first person singular, however, (s) is added.
We use this tense to describe an action which goes on every day or in general.
I work.
We work.
You work.
You work.
He, she, it works.
They work.
I. Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
1. John (speak) English well.
2. We (write) many letters.
3. I (walk) to School with John every day.
4. Henry (walk) to school with Mary.
5. I always (sit) in this seat.
6. Henry always (sit) in that seat.
7. The students (write) many exercises every day.
8. John always (open) the windows for the teacher.
9. Mr. Smith (work) in this room.
10. He (smoke) many cigarettes.
11. I (come) to school by bus.
12. Henry also (come) to school by bus.
13. George and his brother (walk) to school.
14. I (read) the newspaper every day.
15. We (eat) in the cafeteria every day.
16. Mr. Smith also (eat) in the cafeteria every day.
17. I (play) tennis every afternoon.
18. John also (play) tennis every afternoon.
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19. Many students (play) tennis every afternoons.
20. Helen (work) very hard.
21. She (want) to learn English.
II. Present tense.
Verbs ending in the letter (y) preceded by a consonant, change this (y) to (i) and
then add (es) in the third person singular of the present tense.
Examples.
Study - Studies
Marry - Marries
Verbs ending in (o) generally add (es) in the third person singular.
Examples.
Go - Goes
Do - Does
Verbs ending in a (s) sound (s,sh,ch,x, or z) also add (es) in the third person
singular.
Examples.
Wish - Wishes
Pass - Passes
III. Choose the correct form and then write this form.
1. I (study, studies) English every day.
2. John also (study, studies) English every day.
3. Helen (go, goes) to the movies very often.
4. I seldom (go, goes) to the movies.
5. William (carry, carries) his books in brief-case.
6. Frank (play, plays) the violin very well.
7. The teacher also (carry, carries) his books in a brief-case.
8. Mary (play, plays) the piano very well.
9. We (play, plays) tennis every afternoon.
10. George and Henry also (play, plays) tennis every afternoon.
11. George (does, do) this exercise very well.
12. Helen also (do, does) this exercise very well.
13. I always (try, tries) to come to school on time.
14. You always (try, tries) to come to school on time.
15. William also (try, tries) to come to school on time.
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16. I (wish, wishes) to learn English.
17. John also (wish, wishes) to learn English.
18. Mr. and Mrs. Smith (go, goes) to the movies very often.
19. Mr. Smith (teach, teaches) English and French.
20. The nurse (watch, watches) the child in the park.
21. Mr. and Mrs. Jones both (teach, teaches) English.
22. Mrs. Jones also (teach, teaches) mathematics.
IV. Present tense; He and I.
Change each of these sentences below so that it begins with (he) instead of (I).
Write (he) followed by the correct form of the verb.
1. I study English every day.
2. I live in Miami.
3. I like to study English.
4. I am a good student.
5. I wish to learn English well.
6. I teach English.
7. I am very busy today.
8. I go to the movies very often.
9. I do these exercises every day.
10. I see Mr. Smith on the bus every day.
11. I am a careful student.
12. I carry my books to school in a brief-case.
13. I have English lessons every day.
14. I study English with Mr. Smith.
15. I play tennis very often.
16. I always try to come to school on time.
17. I eat lunch in the cafeteria every day.
18. I try to speak English well.
19. I study very hard.
20. I pass Mr. Smith on the street every day.
21. I always go to school with John.
22. I have two brothers.
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Objetivo nro. 11.
There is and there are.
There is and there are are important phrases in English; they correspond the
Spanish “Hay”. We use there is with singular nouns; we use there are with plural
nouns.
Examples.
There is a book on the table.
There are two magazines on the desk.
I. Complete the following sentences with there is or there are.
1. ____________________ a new moon tonight.
2. ____________________ someone at the door.
3. ____________________ a lot of students absent today.
4. ____________________ a mailbox on the corner.
5. ____________________ three lamps in the room.
6. ____________________ two large windows in the room.
7. But _________________ only one door.
8. ____________________ a lot of English classes in our school.
9. ____________________ nobody in the room now.
10. ___________________ a letter on the table for you.
11. ___________________ several beautiful parks in this city.
12. ___________________ twelve months in a year.
13. ___________________ only one cloud in the sky.
14. ___________________ no one at home.
15. ___________________ dishes but not silverware on the table.
16. ___________________ no stores in this section of town.
17. ___________________ a pillow on each bed.
The expressions there is and there are.
There
is
one
student in the room
(singular)
There
are
two
students in the room.
(plural)
25
Statements
Questions
Negatives
There
Are
are
many students in the room
there
There
many students in the room ?
are
not
There is = there’s
Many students in the room
There are = there’re
There is; There are; Negative form.
The negative form of there is and there are is obtained regularly by placing not
after the verb.
Examples.
There is not cloud in the sky.
There are not many students in our class.
In every conversation, however, the contractions isn’t and aren’t are generally
used.
Examples.
There isn’t one cloud in the sky.
There aren’t many students in our class.
II. Change to negative form. Write the verb of each sentence followed by not.
1. There are many chairs in this room.
2. There is a radio in each room.
3. There is a policeman in on the corner.
4. There are many offices in that building.
5. There many new students in our class.
6. There are many children in the park.
7. There is a typewriter in each room.
8. There are many magazines on the desk.
9. There is a window in the room.
10. There are two doors in the room.
11. There are many churches in this city.
12. There is a rug on the floor.
13. There is a letter here for you.
14. There are many clouds in the sky.
15. There are many new words in this lesson.
26
16. There is a mouse in this room.
17. There is one girl in our class.
18. There is a library in this building.
There is; There are; Question form.
The question form of there is and there are is obtained regularly by placing the
verb before the word there.
Examples.
Is there a pencil on the desk ?
Are there many students in your class ?
How many days are there in a week ?
III. Change to questions, write the verb of each sentence followed by there.
1. There is a policeman on the corner.
2. There are many students in our class.
3. There are several pictures on the wall.
4. There are only a few people on the bus.
5. There are twelve months in a year.
6. There is only one chair in the room.
7. There is a radio in every room.
8. There is a book on the floor.
9. There is a library in this building.
10. There is a flag at the top of the building.
11. There is a pillow on each bed.
12. There are several doctors in this area.
13. There are ten new words in this lesson.
14. There are four seasons in a year.
15. There are three syllables in each of these words.
Objetivo nro. 12.
Do- Does auxiliaries.
Simple present tense: negative form.
In the simple present tense, where there is not regular auxiliary verb, we must
introduce a special auxiliary in order to form a negative.
27
The auxiliaries which we use for this purpose are (do and does). We use (does)
for the third person singular; we use (do) for all other persons, singular and
plural. The word not then follows these auxiliaries.
I do not speak
1ra
We do not speak
You do not speak
2da
You do not speak
3ra
They do not speak
He
She
does not speak
It
I. Change to negative form. Write the necessary auxiliary verb followed by not.
Also include the main verb.
1. He studies in our class. ----------------------- He does not study in our class.
2. They go to the movies every night.
3. She comes to school by bus.
4. I know him very well.
5. It rains very often during the month of April.
6. The dog runs after the cat.
7. Our class begins at eight o’clock.
8. It ends at ten o’clock.
9. The buses stop on this corner.
10. We write many letters.
11. She speaks English well.
12. You walk to work every day.
13. He likes to study English.
14. Helen lives in Chicago.
15. He works on Sunday.
16. I go to school by bus.
17. I always arrive at school on time.
18. We need more practice in English.
19. I understand him very well.
20. She gets up early every morning.
21. It snows very often during the month of January.
22. We study very hard.
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Simple present tense. Question forms.
For the same reasons that we use (do) as a special auxiliary verb to form
negatives in the simple present tense, we use (do) and (does) to form questions
in this tense. Again as indicated as negatives we use (does) for the first person
singular; we use (do) as the auxiliary for the others persons, singular and plural.
To form a question, the auxiliary is placed before the subject.
Do I speak ?
Do we speak ?
Do you speak ?
Do you speak ?
he speak ?
Does
it speak ?
Do they speak ?
she speak ?
II. Change to question form. Write the necessary auxiliary verb followed by
subject. Also include the main verb.
1. He comes to school by bus. ---------------- Does he come to school by bus ?
2. They speak Spanish well.
3. He gets up early every morning.
4. We eat dinner at home.
5. I like to study English.
6. She wants to learn English.
7. I prefer to study in this class.
8. He always talks to us in English.
9. They live near the corner.
10. He takes his car to work every day.
11. John smokes very much.
12. She dances well.
13. I know him very well.
14. You understand everything he says.
15. I get up early every morning.
16. He reads many English books.
17. We want to learn English.
18. They come to class early.
19. Mary always arrives at the lesson on time.
20. It rains very often in this month.
29
21. She eats lunch in the cafeteria.
22. They sell newspapers here.
Simple present tense; Question form:
Observe that even with some question words like (why, where, what time, how,
how much) an auxiliary verb must still be used in order to form a question in
English.
Examples.
Where does John live ?
Why do they live in that old house ?
II. Write the necessary auxiliary verb (do or does) in order to complete the
meaning of these present tense questions.
1. Where ________ Helen work ?
2. Where ________ you live ?
3. What time _______ your lesson begins ?
4. What time _______ you arrive at school every day ?
5. How well _______ John speak English ?
6. When _______ the next train arrive ?
7. Why _______ they work so hard ?
8. What time _______ you get up every morning ?
9. Where ______ John eat lunch every day ?
10. How much ______ eat it cost to go to Chicago by plane ?
11. When _______ Mr. Smith expect to return ?
12. How often _______ it rain during the month of April ?
13. Where _______ you eat dinner every night ?
14. Why _______ John walk to school alone every day ?
15. Where _______ he go after the lesson ?
16. Where ______ Mary and her sister live ?
17. How often _______ you to the movies ?
18. What language besides English _______ your teacher speak ?
19. How _______ you feel today ?
20. What time _______ you go to bed every night ?
21. Why _______ Helen want to learn English ?
22. How many hours ________ you sleep every night ?
30
The verb To Be is only important exception to this rule. With the verb (To Be), it
is possible to form a question simply by placing the verb before the subject.
Objetivo nro. 13.
Present continuous tense.
To form the present continuous tense we use, as an auxiliary verb the present
tense of the verb To Be and to this auxiliary we add the present participle. (-ing
form) of the main verb.
Examples.
I am working
We are working
You are working
You are working
He
She
is working
They are working
It
We use the present continuous tense to describe an action which goes on now
or at the present moment.
Examples.
He is talking with her now.
- It is raining.
- They are building a new house.
I. Write the present continuous tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1. John ……. (prepare) his homework now
-> John is preparing his homework now.
2. She …….. (wait) for me on the corner now.
3. Look! It ......... (begin) to rain .
4. The leaves …… (begin) to fall from the threes.
5. They ……. (take) a walk along Fifth Avenue.
6. I ………. (begin) to understand English Grammar now.
7. We …….. (make) good progress in our courses.
8. Listen !The telephone ………. (ring).
9. We ……… (study) the exercise on page 72 now.
10. The train ……… (leave) at this moment.
11. Helen …….. (look) for her English book.
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12. Listen ! Someone ……… (knock) at the door.
13. Look ! Mr. Smith ……… (walk) in our direction.
14. My father ………. (read) the newspaper now.
15. The wind …….. (blow) very hard now.
16. The teacher ……… (look) directly at you.
17. All the students ………. (laugh) at you.
18. The bus ……. (stop) for us now.
19. Mr. and Mrs. Smith ……… (build) a new home on First Street.
20. Apparently, Mr. Smith ……… (do) very well in this business now.
21.They …….. (wait) for us on the corner.
22. I see that you ……… (wear) your new suit today.
23. Please be quiet !the baby……..(sleep).
24. Look ! The cat …….. (try) to climb that tall tree.
25. Helen …….. (make) good progress in her studies at present.
26. John …….. (have) lunch in the cafeteria now.
27. Listen ! That’s Mary who……. (play) the piano.
28. At present they …….. (travel) in South America.
29. For the time being Mr. Smith ……… (act) as manager of this department.
30. Be careful ! The teacher ………. (watch) you.
II. Change the verbs of the following sentences from simple to continuous form.
1. John studies in this class.  John is studying in this class.
2. He goes to the movies.
3. They come to visit us.
4. The wind blows very hard.
5. The leaves fall from the trees.
6. The teacher corrects our compositions.
7. John prepares his homework carefully.
8. The bus stops at this corner.
9. He drives to work in his car.
10. The train leaves on time.
11. He helps Mary with her homework.
12. He does his homework well.
13. She wears a dark suit.
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14. She waits for me in this corner.
15. We learn English rapidly.
16. She prepares dinner for the whole family.
17. She wears a yellow dress.
18. Susan plays the piano.
19. She speaks very slowly.
20. She teaches us English.
21. He takes cream in his coffee.
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Appendix 1
Regular verbs.
Pronunciation of regular verbs in past tense.
The past tense of regular verbs is formed by adding –ED to the simple form of
each verb.
-ED is pronounced in three different forms:
/ ID/
/ T/
/ D/
First rule.
Pronunciation /ID/
When the last sound of the simple form of the verb is a /t/ or a /d/, -ed is
pronounced /id/ as separate syllable.
Example.
Repeat ---------- repeat-ed
Sound ----------- Sound-ed
Need ------------ need-ed
Rent -------------- rent-ed
Invite ------------ invit-ed
Offend ----------- offend-ed
Divide ----------- divid-ed
Correct ---------- corret-ed
Second rule.
Pronunciation /T/
When the last sound of the simple form of the verb is a P,K,F,S,SS,X,SH, or CH,
the –ed is pronounced /t/.
A separate syllable is not heard.
Example.
Help ------------ help-ed
Fix ----------- fix-ed
Watch---------- watch-ed
Miss -------- miss-ed
Finish --------- finish-ed
Laugh------ laugh-ed
Work ---------- work-ed
Like -------- lik-ed
34
Third rule.
Pronunciation /D/
In all other cases, the –ed is pronounced like a soft /d/.
Example.
Call ---------- call-ed
Play --------- play-ed
Open ------- open-ed
Love ------- love-ed
Borrow----- borrow-ed
Listen------ listen-ed
Contain---- contain-ed
Explain ---- explain-ed
REGULAR VERBS
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PAST PARTICIPLE
GERUND
To push
push
pushed
pushing
To rain
rained
rained
raining
To remember
remembered
remembered
remembering
To rent
rented
rented
renting
To repeat
repeated
repeated
repeating
To resist
resisted
resisted
resisting
To show
showed
showed
showing
To smoke
smoked
smoked
smoking
To start
started
started
starting
To stay
stayed
stayed
staying
To stop
stopped
stopped
stopping
To study
studied
studied
studying
To talk
talked
talked
talking
To travel
traveled
traveled
traveling
To try
tried
tried
trying
To turn
turned
turned
turning
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INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PAST PARTICIPLE
GERUND
To use
used
used
using
To visit
visited
visited
visiting
To wait
waited
waited
waiting
To walk
walked
walked
walking
To want
wanted
wanted
wanting
To wash
washed
washed
washing
To wish
wished
wished
wishing
To work
worked
worked
working
To fill
filled
filled
filling
To finish
finished
finished
finishing
To follow
followed
followed
following
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PAST PARTICIPLE
GERUND
To help
helped
helped
helping
To hurry
hurried
hurried
hurrying
To intend
intended
intended
intending
To jump
jumped
jumped
jumping
To learn
learned
learned
learning
To like
liked
liked
liking
To listen to
listened to
listened to
listening to
To live
lived
lived
living
To look
looked
looked
looking
To love
loved
loved
loving
To miss
missed
missed
missing
To name
named
named
naming
To need
needed
needed
needing
To open
opened
opened
opening
To order
ordered
ordered
ordering
To plan
planed
planed
planning
To plant
planted
planted
planting
To play
played
played
playing
To point
pointed
pointed
pointing
36
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PAST PARTICIPLE
GERUND
To practice
practiced
practiced
practicing
To accept
accepted
accepted
accepting
To answer
answered
answered
answering
To arrive
arrived
arrived
arriving
To ask
asked
asked
asking
To belong
belonged
belonged
belonging
To change
changed
changed
changing
To clean
cleaned
cleaned
cleaning
To climb
climbed
climbed
climbing
To close
closed
closed
closing
To consider
considered
considered
considering
to cook
cooked
cooked
cooking
To count
counted
counted
counting
To dance
danced
danced
dancing
To dare
dared
dared
daring
To date
dated
dated
dating
To deliver
delivered
delivered
delivering
To dress
dressed
dressed
dressing
To end
ended
ended
ending
To enjoy
enjoyed
enjoyed
enjoying
To erase
erased
erased
erasing
To expect
expected
expected
expecting
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Appendix 2
IRREGULAR VERBS
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PASTPARTICIPLE
GERUND
To be
(AM-ARE-IS)
was, were
been
being
To become
became
become
becoming
To begin
began
begun
beginning
To break
broke
broken
broking
To bring
brought
brought
bringing
To build
built
built
building
To buy
bought
bought
buying
To come
came
come
coming
To cut
cut
cut
cutting
To do
did
done
doing
To dream
dreamt
dreamt
dreaming
To drink
drank
drunk
drinking
To drive
drove
driven
driving
To eat
ate
eaten
eating
To fall
fell
fallen
falling
To feel
felt
felt
feeling
To find
found
found
finding
To fly
flew
flown
flying
To forget
forgot
forgotten
forgetting
To get
got
gotten
getting
To give
gave
given
giving
To go
went
gone
going
To grow up
grew up
grown up
growing up
38
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PASTPARTICIPLE
GERUND
To have
had
had
having
To hear
heard
heard
hearing
To hit
hit
hit
hitting
To hold
held
held
holding
To hurt
hurt
hurt
hurting
To keep
kept
kept
keeping
To know
knew
known
knowing
To leave
left
left
leaving
To lend
lent
lent
lending
To let
let
let
letting
To lose
lost
lost
losing
To meet
met
met
meeting
To pay
paid
paid
paying
To put
put
put
putting
To read
read
read
reading
To ride
rode
ridden
riding
To run
ran
run
running
To see
saw
seen
seeing
To sell
sold
sold
selling
To send
sent
sent
sending
To set
set
set
setting
To shake
shook
shaken
shaking
To shoot
shot
shot
shooting
To sing
sang
sung
singing
To sit
sat
sat
sitting
To sleep
slept
slept
sleeping
To speak
spoke
spoken
speaking
To stand
stood
stood
standing
To steal
stole
stolen
stealing
To seewp
swept
swept
seeping
To swim
swam
swum
swimming
To take
took
taken
taking
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INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PASTPARTICIPLE
GERUND
To teach
taught
taught
teaching
To tell
told
told
telling
To think
though
though
thinking
To throw
threw
thrown
throwing
To wake up
woke up
waken up
waking up
To wear
wore
worn
wearing
To win
won
won
winning
To write
wrote
written
writing
ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVE
OPPOSITE
ADJECTIVE
OPPOSITE
accurate
inaccurate
dry
wet
bad
good
early
late
beautiful
ugly
east
west
big*
little
empty
full
certain
uncertain
fair
unfair
cheap
expensive
familiar
unfamiliar
clean
dirty
fast
slow
clear
unclear
fat
thin
cold
hot
first
last
comfortable
uncomfortable
happy
sad
common
uncommon
happy
unhappy
complete
incomplete
hard
easy
convenient
inconvenient
hard
soft
cool
warm
healthy
ill
correct
incorrect
healthy
sick
dangerous
safe
healthy
unhealthy
dark
light
heavy
light
deep
shallow
high
low
dependent
independent
important
unimportant
40
different
same
intelligent
stupid
difficult
easy
interesting
boring
direct
indirect
kind
unkind
*big
small
large
little/small
large
small
poor
rich
lawful
unlawful
possible
impossible
legal
illegal
private
public
logical
illogical
proper
improper
long
short
rational
irrational
messy
neat
real
unreal
modern
old-fashioned
regular
irregular
narrow
wide
responsible
irresponsible
near
far
right
left
necessary
unnecessary
right
wrong
noisy
quiet
rough
smooth
normal
abnormal
short
tall
north
south
sour
sweet
old
new
strong
weak
old
young
sure
unsure
open
close
true
untrue
pleasant
unpleasant
usual
unusual
polite
impolite
visible
invisible
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Agradecimientos
Al doctor Jorge Alvarado por su confianza.
Un especial agradecimiento al profesor Jesús Pérez sin cuya valiosa
colaboración no hubiese sido posible este trabajo.
Gracias a todos los que de una u otra manera colaboran con este proyecto.
¡Gracias!
Profesor Freddy
Alejos