INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
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Document 3 - GLOSSARY TRANSLATION
21- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Pretty Good Privacy</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A piece of software that asymetrically encrypts data. That means that both sender and receiver own an
encrypt and a decrypt key. Data encrypted using the one can only be decrypted using the other. Phil Zimmermann developed
PGP in 1991. COLLOCATION(S): to encrypt with PGP PGP key PGP encrypted PGP encryption SYNONYMS(S): PGP</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
22- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>pricing</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The fixing of the retail price of a product or a service. Several factors can influence the price, e.g. production
costs, advertising, logistics.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
23- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>printer</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Computer peripheral that produces copies of data such as text and graphics usually on paper. Printers are
attached to the computer by cable and printer interface, and a print driver, i.e. a software for printing, is also required. There
are different types of printers, e.g. inkjet printers and laser printers. COLLOCATION(S): inkjet printer laser printer</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
1
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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24 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>process</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The automatic collection and treatment of data through electronic machines.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
25 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>processor</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Central unit of a computer that processes the main commands of the computer software. To compare
different processors it is helpful to look at the frequency rates which are measured in megahertz, although other features like
design and price can be of similar importance. COLLOCATION(S): processor frequency cpu frequency processor load
SYNONYMS(S): central processing unit CPU</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
26 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>procurement</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The acquisition of goods and services with the aim of getting a low price and bringing the right number of
products to the right place. Procurement is conducted especially by governments and companies, but also by individual
persons.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
27- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>product catalogue</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A compilation of products, services etc. enriched with information to the items (description, price). Itis used
for the management and presentation of the products offered by an enterprise. Normally, they are printed on paper but partly
also available on data carriers such as CD-ROM. In ecommerce, they are part of a webshop and called "eletronic product
catalogue". COLLOCATION(S): electronic product catalogue online product catalogue SYNONYMS(S): catalogue</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
2
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
28- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>product categorisation</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The classification of products according to product categories. The whole range of products, e.g. of an online
shop, is thus subdivided into different sections, each containing similar products. The categorisation of products is supposed to
make it easier for the customer to find the product wanted.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
29- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>product search</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The search for a product when buying with an online shop. Usually a search term is entered into a search box
first, and then a list is created showing the demanded product. For this purpose a special software is used that is similar to a
search engine. Product search facilitates choosing the desired product from an otherwise unmanageable amount of
products.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
30 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>proprietary</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] In relation to software a description for the fact that a software is not freely available but protected by a
license. The producer can therefore control what happens to the software and how it is marketed. The source code of the
software is also not accessible.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
3
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31 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>prosumer</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A description for a group of people who are made out by ordinary consumers but also professional users.
Thus the blend of professional and consumer in the name. Products or services of this category exceed the service coverage of
normal customers. Therefore they are often described as semiprofessional products.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
32- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>prosumer</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A term for a group of people that act at the same time both as consumers and as producers for a certain
product.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
33 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>protocol</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Rules or agreements which control the communication for example over the internet. The protocol does not
only determine the order or format of the data to be transmitted, it also ensures that the right partners communicate with each
other and that the transmitted data is permissible. Since every level has a protocol of its own, the data transfer can proceed
hierarchised. In information sciences, a protocol has a dictatorial character for the partner who does not stick to the protocol,
will be excluded from the data transfer. COLLOCATION(S): to stick to the protocol to violate the protocol</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
4
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34 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>prototyping</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Process within the development of e.g. hardware or software, in which as the first step a prototyp is built.
This enables the developers to make a fast evaluation and therefore statements on special problems. This prototyp is most of
the times not yet technically mature, can be rapidly improved with the new gained data, though. COLLOCATION(S): explorative
prototyping evolutionary prototyping experimental prototyping rapid prototyping vertikales prototyping horizontal
prototyping</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
35- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>provider</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A person or a company that provides customers with products or services. There are different kinds of
providers in the e-commerce sector: access provider, service provider and content provider.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
36 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>provider identification</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Since e.g. a webshop does not necessarily have a direct relation to a traditional store in a specific place, every
commercially used homepage has to be affiliated with a real identity. Besides the official name, the geographical address of the
principal office and other contact data, additional information such as the number of the commercial register, the VATIN or the
associated controlling authority has to be in the impressum of the homepage.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
5
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37- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>public relations</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Public relations is the art of conveying and maintaining a positive image of a company to the public by using
different media like speech, advertising etc. COLLOCATION(S): PR agency SYNONYMS(S): PR</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
38 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>purchase</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[V] To conclude an agreement for sale between buyer and seller. The seller is obliged to hand over the products,
and the buyer must pay for them and accept their delivery. Several rights and liabilities are connected to an agreement for
sale.</DEFINITION>
<FORMAT>1</FORMAT>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
39 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>purchase</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The closing of a purchasing contract between buyer and sellter. The seller is thus obliged to deliver the
product and the buyer has to not only pay for it but also accept it. There are several rights and duties affiliated with a
purchase.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
6
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7
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40 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>purchase price</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] In order to be able to buy a product, the buyer has to pay the seller a certain counter value, which is called
purchase price. It can be a fixed or subject to negotiations. Besides the take-over, the adherence to the purchase price is the
main duty in a purchase contract. COLLOCATION(S): to bring down the purchase price to cut the purchase price</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
8
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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41 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>purchase recommendation</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Positive advice for a product. The product can be recommended either by the offerer or by neutral persons.
Frequently purchase recommendations are based on special price reductions or preferences and on direct comparison with
other similar products.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
42 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Qt</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A framework, developed by the enterprise Trolltech, which is mainly used for the creation of graphic user
interfaces. Qt forms an enhancement of the programming language C++ and is e.g. used for the programs KDE, Scribus, Opera,
Skype and Google Earth. COLLOCATION(S): Qt-designer</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
43 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>quality assurance</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A process within a company which is concerned with the fact that a product achieves and maintains a certain
quality level. In relation to software the following aspects are relevant since they influence the software's quality standard:
internationalization, functionality, language, design, security and compatibility.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
9
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44 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>quote</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The repetition of a statement to be able to refer to it. e.g. in an e-mail or a newsgroup. This form of citation is
especially used in connection with the new media.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
45 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Random Access Memory</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A storage medium where a processor can quickly store data, which will be needed at a later time, while
someone is working with the computer. COLLOCATION(S): to extend the RAM SYNONYMS(S): RAM</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
46 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>range</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A survey of everything that a company offers for sale.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
10
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47 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>RAR</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Data compression format, which carries the ending .rar and was named after its developer Eugene
Roshal.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
48 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Read-Only Memory</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Storage medium in the form of a semiconductor memory, which is readable-only and which can, in contrast
to volatile memory (RAM), also store data if the medium is not energised. COLLOCATION(S): CD-ROM DVD-ROM SYNONYMS(S):
ROM</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
49 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Red Hat</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] US-American software producer with its base in Raleigh, North Carolina. Red Hat is known for the Linux
Version 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux' but also for network systems. Red Hat went public in 1999.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
11
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12
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50 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>refund</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A refund takes place if a service was done without legal ground. So if one has paid for a service without
actually receiving the service, the money is paid back. The repayment of taxes to the tax payer or the refund of utility bills are
typical examples. Refund is also often referred to as receiving back money from the retailer if the customer is not satisfied with a
product and returns it to the retailer. COLLOCATION(S): full refund to claim a refund to demand a refund to receive a
refund</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
51 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>registration</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The user's first-time to sign on a computer system or internet shop. During this process, essential information
such as the address etc. has to be filled out. COLLOCATION(S): user registration</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
52- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>registry</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An administrative office for the registration of digital certificates. It represents a direct link between an object
(or person) and a certificate, which is firmly attributed to the latter.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
13
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53 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>release</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The publishing of a new product and the start of its sale. COLLOCATION(S): release candidate release date
pre-release release phase</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
54- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>release candidate</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The status of a software shortly before its official release. During the production process of a software,
different stages of it are released (alpha version, beta version etc.) for testing so that bugs can be detected as early as
possible.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
55- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>remote data transmission</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A method of transferring data between computers that are spacially seperated from each other. Remote data
transmission mainly refers to the transmission via modem or acoustic coupler. Therefore, this term has come out of
use.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
14
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56 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>reply agent</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A software which sends automatically generated replies to actions. After the registration in an online shop or
forum e.g., a confirmation email is sent.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
57 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>requirements analysis</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] important for the development of new software. It is used to analyse and define exactly the requirements of
the customer to the programm.The basis for a requirements analysis is an intensive dialog between the customer, who will use
the programm later, and the developer of the programm.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
58 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>requirements catalogue</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A document which describes the requirements and functional range of a software to be developed. In the
following stages of the software developement, this catalogue is need for the evaluation of the progress. At the same time, it
works as a reference for the agreed achievements for the client and developer.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
15
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59 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Resource Description Framework</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A formal language developed by the World Wide Web Consortium for the enrichment of web resources with
metadata such as copyright, date of publication or thematic classification. It is used to provide features of a website or other
internet resources in a machine processible form, e.g. for search engines or catalogues. SYNONYMS(S): RDF</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
60 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>retail</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A collective term for stores which sell their products to the end costumer by a direct vending and only in
relative small amounts. Therefore, retail has to be put in contrast to wholesale and intermediary trade. In addition to that, mail
order and direct mailing also does not count as retail since the premise of direct interaction is not fulfilled.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
61 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>return</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A exchange of a purchased item for a equivalent product on a voluntary basis. In everyday language use it
also describes the refunding of the purchase price or the receiving of a coupon in the value of the product.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
16
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62 - <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>return policy</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The policy of a company how to deal with product exchanges. An exchange is a customer's temporary right to
change a product bought for another, usually similar product. Normally the receipt is needed for an exchange. An exchange,
however, is not to be equated with a refund of the purchase price when the product lacks quality and is poor. A return policy is
aimed at finding a good compromise between customer service, goodwill and the company's economic interests.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>returns policy</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An agreement that regulates if, for how long and how a customer can return a product and still is paid back
the purchase price.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>revenue</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The result of an economic achievement. In business, it describes the expansion of the coporate success. It can
be made out by an increase in value which originates in the manufactoring, offering or selling of goods.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
17
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- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>rich media</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The term comprises all forms of content, which are enriched with the adding of audio, video or the like. The
enrichment is allowed for by the means of special software such as 'Adobe Flash'.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>right, statutory</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A person's or a party's right, laid down in a statute, a contract or in legal regulations, that cannot be taken
away.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>robinson list</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A sort of black list with the contact information of persons who do no longer want to receive unrequested
sales promotion. This "blocking" applies to different media types such as mail, e-mail, SMS or telephone.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
18
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- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>RSA</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An asymmetric cryptography system used to encode and sign data. A public key is used for encoding or
signing data, whereas a private key is used for decoding data or checking their signature. The private key can hardly be
calculated from the public key, therefore this encoding method is rather secure, The public key can be distributed via insecure
channels without enabling other parties to get access to secret messages with this key.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>RSS feed</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Data feed, which regularly or irregularly provides new data sets, mainly from news agencies or commercial
webpages. It can also be found in weblogs, though. RSS feeds normally use an XML-dialect for the data representation.
COLLOCATION(S): subscribe to an RSS feed</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>RSS feed aggregator</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A software for the collecting, summing up and displaying of RSS-Feeds.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
19
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<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>run of category</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Classic method of online-advertising. The advertising is displayed on certain relevant web sites until the
booked number of contacts is achieved.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>run of site</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Classic form of online advertising. The advertising is displayed equally on all web sites until the booked
number of contacts is achieved.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>sales department</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The last link of the economic value creation chain. It is a subdivision of retail and trade where products and
services are sold to customers for money or goods.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
20
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<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>sales promoter</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A trained person that is employed to promote the sale of goods. This includes to give advice about products
that are difficult to handle, to present the product by giving free offers or to design shops.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>sales promotion</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Sales promotion deals with methods for offering and selling goods as effectively as possible. This includes e.g.
staff training, giving detailed information about the product or certain activities like free offers or competitions for special
prizes. SYNONYMS(S): merchandising</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>sales rank</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The sales rank of a product is a sign of its popularity among customers. It is calculated by comparing the
buying frequency of one product with the buying frequencies of other products so that a ranking list is developed. The lower the
number of the sales rank the more popular is the product.</DEFINITION>
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PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Samba</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Discretionary sofware which makes Windows applications available for Unix systems, e.g. the transfer of
windows files to Linux.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>satellite transmission</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Fast way of transmitting radio signals across wide distances via orbiting satellites. It enables
telecommunication, digital data transfer and the transmission of television and radio programs since information can be sent to
every single place on earth.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>scalability</CONCEPT>
22
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<DEFINITION>[N] A feature which evaluates the demand of resources of programs and algorithms according to their input set.
A program scales well, if it e.g. only needs twice the amount of resources (time, storage) for twice the amount of data. A rather
bad scaling would be made out by the quaratic augmentation of the demand of resources.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>screen resolution</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Number of distinct pixels that a picture on a computer screen consists of. Usually the pixels are given per
vertical and per horizontal line, e.g. 1024 x 768. The higher the resolution (i.e. the more pixel per each line) the sharper the
picture. There are several screen resolution standards, e.g. VGA (Video Graphics Array) or XGA (Extended Graphics Array). The
resolution capacity, however, does not only refer to screens but also to digital photography and film. COLLOCATION(S): to adjust
the screen resolution to increase the screen resolution</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>screen saver</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Computer program which starts as soon as input devices such as the mouse or keyboard have not been used
for a specific predefined amount of time. This program creates varying displays on the screen (3D-animations or coloured
writings). These displays vanish as soon as one reactivates one of the input devices and the desktop on the screen is deblocked.
Such screen savers are often protected by a password and can only be deactivated when the proper password has been entered.
The original function of screen savers was the prevention of the burning-in of signs which have been displayed for a long time at
the same position on the screen. Due to the new technology of flat screens this is no longer necessary and the function of screen
savers has been reduced to aspects of visualisation and security. COLLOCATION(S): to choose a screen saver</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
23
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>search</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A process within a software or a web application, started by a user, to find information that meet the search
criteria. There are differences between a simple search, using just a few key words for the query, and an advanced search which
narrows down the amount of results.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>search engine</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A piece of software that can be used to directly find, or to find related material on a subject inside of a
computer or computer network. Col. the user interface of a search engine is called the search engine.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>search result</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The listing of results of a query. It is obtained if one enters a search query into an input field to search a
program or a website. The search result can also consist of the report that no results were found.</DEFINITION>
24
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>secure server</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A server that uses encrypting techniques in order to prevent an anauthorised access of data by other
users.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Secure Socket Layer</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Secure Socket Layer. An encryption protocol that allows wire trap proof data transfer through the internet.
COLLOCATION(S): encrypt with SSL SYNONYMS(S): SSL</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>self-service banking</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] In case of self-service banking, the customer transact his banking by himself instead of going to the counter in
a bank branch. This made possible via special applicances which automatise bank transactions. That way, the customer can
25
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
transfer money and banking orders, withdraw money or check the balance. Self-service banking is available 24/7 and thus
customer friendly.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>seller's rating</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A rating system is used to substitute for the missing direct evaluation of sellers in an online business. The
parties involved in the business give ratings to each other after the business transfer to give other trading partners information
about the quality of the business relationship.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>serial interface</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Point of contact for data exchange between an external appliance and a PC. Via data lines, bits are
transferred one after the other (serially). There is one line for the sending and one for the receiving of data. The transfer rate,
however, is relatively low since the bits are transferred bit after bit (~ 15 KB/s). SYNONYMS(S): serial port</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
26
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
</ENTRY>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>serial number</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A sequence of characters, which can consist of letters and digits, which serves for the clear and distinct
identification of a product. With the help of serial numbers, stolen goods and counterfeits can be identified more easily. In
addition, they ensure the utilisation of guaranteeing.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>session cookie</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A cookie, which is temporarily retained in the working storage of a computer, while a user is visiting a
website. It is thus an informational unit which saves user preferences for a short time. It is deleted as soon as the website is
closed. They are e.g. used in an online shop for the storage of orders in the shopping cart.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>shareware</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A variant of software that can be, like freeware, transferred freely. Unlike freeware, shareware tries to
convince the user of buying the main product by reducing the functionality in the shareware or limiting the time the shareware
runs to e.g a month. COLLOCATION(S): download shareware</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
27
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>shop</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] One or more rooms of different sizes in which products or services are presented and offered. On the
Internet, a shop takes up the form of an e-shop. COLLOCATION(S): shop owner SYNONYMS(S): store</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>shopping cart</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] In an online shop a visitor uses the shopping cart like in a real-world store for storage of his purchases. The
shopping cart constantly provides information on the number and prices of the products in the cart. COLLOCATION(S): to put
something into the cart to empty the shopping cart to place an item in the shopping cart to add a product to the shopping cart
to update the shopping cart to edit the shopping cart to clear the shopping cart to remove from the shopping cart
SYNONYMS(S): shopping basket cart basket bag shopping bag</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>shovelware</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A deprecative term for a software that has a high quantity of programs but whose quality or usefulness is
doubtful.</DEFINITION>
28
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>silver sufer</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Description for elder users of the internet ("silver" hints at the commonly associated grey hair). In online
marketing, silver surfers are seen as the most important target group since they generally have a high spending power.
SYNONYMS(S): internet senior</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A transmission protocol for sending e-mails. SYNONYMS(S): SMTP</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>simple query</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The standard input of a query or database access</DEFINITION>
29
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>single sourcing</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The purchasing of a collection of products or services from a single provider.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>site map</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Index of contents of a website which includes an overview of all the individual sites.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Skype</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A freely available but proprietary software for telephoning. It makes possible the free telephoning via the
Internet from PC to PC. Skype also offers the telephoning vom PC to a landline or mobile phone (SkypeOut) or from the latter to
a PC (SkypeIn), though this is liable to costs. COLLOCATION(S): SkypeOut SkypeIn</DEFINITION>
30
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Small and Medium Enterprises</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] With the collective term SME all enterprises are meant which do not exceed certain characteristics such as
number of employees, turnover and total assets. SYNONYMS(S): Small and Medium Businesses SMB SME</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Small Office/Home Office</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] SOHO is the abbreviation for Small Office/Home Office and thus describes a specific group of people who
work from home or in small enterprises. SOHO also stands for the respective hard- or software, which is used in this field and
which does not result in high costs, is easy to install and which can hardly be employed in larger companies. SYNONYMS(S):
SOHO</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>smart card</CONCEPT>
31
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>[N] A small plastic card, similar in size to a credit card, with an integrated chip that contains a storage function
and a microprocessor.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>soft goods</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Goods that can be traded electronically are often referred to as soft goods. They can be send from one
computer to another. Examples of soft goods are soundfiles, software or digital pictures.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Solaris</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A Unix operating system developed by the enterprise Sun Mircosystems.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>source code</CONCEPT>
32
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>[N] Commands for the processing in the computer, written by a programmer. Depending on the programming
languages used, the source code of a programming language has to first be compiled for the usage in the computer. Source code
of script languages is often directly interpreted.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>spam</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The mass-sending of unwanted messages. Spam mail often contains malsoftware or illegit and fraudulent
offers. COLLOCATION(S): to drown in spam SYNONYMS(S): spam mail junk mail</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>spam filter</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A computer program which filters unwanted e-mails (spam) in an e-mail account. It functions i.a. by
identifying dubious or fraudulent expressions or by double-checking the address of the sender. SYNONYMS(S): spam
blocker</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
33
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>splitter</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A device for splitting or joining signals that are transported synchronously over a single line by usage of
multiple frequencies. With DSL/ISDN connections the incoming low frequency ISDN signal is separated from the high frequency
ADSL signal. Both outgoing signals are combined to use one single line again.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>spread sheet</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A software for the tabularly input, processing and graphic representation of numerical and alphanumerical
data. COLLOCATION(S): spread sheet analysis</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>spyware</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Software that collects personal data of a user and send them back to the creator or a third party without
letting the user know. Spyware is supposed to document and analyze surf behaviour of single persons, to e.g. present
preselected advertisement matching the interests of the user. COLLOCATION(S): remove spyware protect against
spyware</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
34
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>start-up enterprise</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An enterprise whose products have not gained full readines for marketing, yet. These are normally very
young companies with the aim to realise a new marketing idea as fast as possible, i.e. before too much competition comes up.
SYNONYMS(S): start-up startup</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>stock availability</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The information whether a product is availabe ("in stock") or not. A product can e.g. be presented or offered
in a furniture store but might not be directly available. In such a case, it has to be reordered first. COLLOCATION(S): to check the
stock availability</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>stock status</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The account of a warehouse, providing information about the goods stored, the capacity, the availability of
goods and other issues relevant to the company.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
35
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>storage medium</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A data carrier to which electronic data can be saved temporarily or permanently. There is a variety of such
data carriers and they have different features. They are, amongst others, classified due to the following criteria: how often they
can be rewritten, how the included information is readable or how the saving process works etc. Standard examples are the CDROM, DVD, hard disk, disk and or magnetic tape. SYNONYMS(S): data carrier</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>subscriber</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The holder of a subscription. This person receives regular services that were paid for in advance, the price
being usually lower than for each product bought individually. There are subscibers for newspapers, magazines, newsletters,
software updates etc.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>subscription model</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Temporary right to use a software. During that period, software updates are frequently offered within this
model. In general, all forms of a subscription can also be referred to as subscription model.</DEFINITION>
36
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>subtotal</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] In contrast to the total amount due, the subtotal amount only summarizes the price for products already
chosen when purchasing goods online. In bills, this term refers to the net price of an ordered product before VAT.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Sun</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An enterprise, founded in 1982, which produces computer and software. It develops the so-called suncomputer, as well as the operating systems Solaris and SunOS, which are both based on Unix. In addition, the enterprise is
known for the programming language, designed in 1995 and for the distribution of StarOffice and the free variant OpenOffice.
COLLOCATION(S): SunOS</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>supplier</CONCEPT>
37
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>[N] A person which delivers services or products to a costumer.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>supply</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The entirety of products and services which are offered for sale and which are requested and bought by
customers. COLLOCATION(S): supply and demand</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>supply chain management</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A complex holistic organisation which allows for the coordination of all the individual parts of a supply chain.
Thus, all the single activities of the supply chain (e.g. orders and delivery) are planned, controlled and governed in order to make
an unobstructed overall process possible and to optimise the interaction between the individual processes. Additional aims are
the best possible customer satisfaction and the reduction of expenses. SYNONYMS(S): SCM</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
38
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<CONCEPT>surf</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[V] Using a browser to look at a web page and going to other web pages by using hyperlinks. Also: looking for
information on the WWW. COLLOCATION(S): to surf the web SYNONYMS(S): to browse</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>switched line</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] In contrast to a leased line, a switched line is non-permanent and the connection between two sides is
established with each new dialing of the number of the other side.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>symmetric encryption</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A cryptographic system that uses the same key for encoding as well as decoding. In contrast to assymetric
encryption this method is not considered secure because the key is transferred from sender to receiver through an insecure
channel to decode the message. If a third party can access the key in that process, the message can be decoded and
read.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
39
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>synchronous chip card</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Memory cards are comparatively simple chip cards. The embedded microchip does only contain storage
components. When a certain card reader is used, data can be taken from a chip card or loaded onto it. Consequently memory
cards basically serve the function of data storage. Examples of memory cards are chip cards for health insurances and cards for
pay phones.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>tagging</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The appending of tags. For example to add tags to pictures on a website.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>targeting</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Target-oriented advertising method on the Internet that displays advertising banners only for relevant target
groups. How the users are selected and which banner will be displayed is determined by different criteria like age and sex and
also by the search items of a search engine. These methods are supposed to reduce the costs for unspecific and thus
purposeless advertising because only interested users are advertised.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
40
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>telecommuter</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A person who works at his home and is connected to his workplace by electronic means like computer,
Internet, fax and telephone.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>telecommuting</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The act of working at home but being connected to the workplace by electronic means like computer,
Internet, fax and telephone.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>telefon banking</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Banking activies which are conducted via a telephone. Examples for telephone banking are transactions or
information on CPs or account status.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
41
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>telephone support</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Services which help in technical affairs and which are offered via a telephone. Oftentimes such support
hotlines are liable to costs.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>teleworking</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Employees of an enterprise work at least a part ly at home. Objectives and results are normally exchanged via
communication appliances such as computer or fax machine. Especially for parents of infants, teleworking is a popular concept
since it allows the combination of profession and education of the child. COLLOCATION(S): an enterprise offers
teleworking</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>temporarily stored data transmission</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] One type of data transmission where data are transferred indirectly by interconnecting with a third party or a
service provider. At first, data are sent to the service provider, and then the receiver can get the data from there. The medium
for this data transmission are telephone cables, ISDN etc. The efforts of this transmission system is rather low, that is why this
method is widely used nowadays.</DEFINITION>
42
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>tender</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A method for the allocation of contracts in competition. In the course of a tender, potential tenderers are
asked to submit an offer. The rules, which regulate the acceptance of a tender, depend on the sort of tender in question. A
subcategorie is e.g. the auction.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>terabyte</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A quantity description for bytes. A terabyte is adequate to 10^12 bytes COLLOCATION(S): the hard disk has 10
terabyte SYNONYMS(S): TB</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>test version</CONCEPT>
43
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>[N] A software, still in development, which is distributed for testing purposes mostly among a limited user group.
Since the software is used only experimentally, its performance can be evaluated and enhanced. COLLOCATION(S): a test version
is available SYNONYMS(S): Beta</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>thumbnail</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An image or a graphic of reduced size used for web sites or for previewing the original version of a picture.
Thumbnails are advantageous because they have a short loading time, facilitiate to surf a web site and can be placed without
needing much space. To view a thumbnail in full size it must be clicked on. COLLOCATION(S): thumbnail image</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>to be subject to change without notice</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A frequent clause of a contract by which a company can reserve its right to change the conditions of the
contract without giving notice to the customer beforehand.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
44
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>to come into force</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A contract that comes into force is put into effect. This coming into force is usually involves a specific date
mentioned in the contract.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>to comply with</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] To fully act in accordance with regulations and instuctions that are laid down in a contract.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>to display</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] To display describes any form of showing something. With reference to business and e-commerce, this can be
the presentation of a company on an exhibition or the presentation of products. Whereas in the real world products are actually
displayed, e.g. in shelves or shop-windows, the display of products in electronic trade is limited to electronic catalogues, mostly
in the form of web sites.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>to guarantee</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The assurance of one contract party to obey certain agreements. Guarantees often refer to quality issues or
keeping a time limit. COLLOCATION(S): to be under guarantee to provide a guarantee a money-back guarantee</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>to hold stock</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Products that are constantly needed by a retailer for delivery or sale are usually held in stock.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>to pass a title</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] When a contract is fulfilled and the products and/or funds are delivered to the new owner, the power of
disposal over these products are usually transferred to the new owner as well. This processed is referred to as passing a title,
and the customer becomes the legal owner.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>topseller</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Very popular products that an online shop or a retail store sells in huge quantities. Usually topsellers are
advertised very intensively.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>total</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Amount due that a customer has to pay to a seller when buying products, e.g. in an onlineshop.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>total liability</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Liabilities are debts a debtor owns a creditor. The sum of all accounts payable a debtor has at one particular
point of time is called 'total liability'; the opposite of a liability is a claim. SYNONYMS(S): account payable</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>touchscreen</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A special screen that receives input by being touched on its surface. Touchscreens are used where the input
by mouse or keyboard would cause difficulties, e.g. notebooks or other small mobile computers. Futhermore, they are used in
service areas so that customers can find information about products (e.g. in a deparment store) or buy something (e.g. at a
booking terminal).</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>tower case</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A standard case variant, which holds the PC hardware. A tower also offeres place for additional hard disks or
drives.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>track record</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Past successes and achievements of an enterprise, an organisation or of an individual, which oftentimes serve
as references. With the help of a track record, other companies have insight into the enterprise's
accomplishments.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>tradeoff</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A situation in economy. The improvement of one aspect results in the deterioration of another aspect.
Consequently, if an advantage is gained for one aspect, there is automatically a disadvantage for the other aspect. That is why it
is required to look for the best compromise possible between both aspects in question.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>traffic</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The dataflow of computer networks. It can be calculated numerically using the sent and received bytes.
Normally, it is stated in megabyte or gigabyte, related to the marked-off unit of time.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>transaction</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A mutual assignment of rights of disposal for goods or services, that is usually connected with transaction
costs. COLLOCATION(S): financial transaction</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>transaction authentication number</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Transaction number. A numerical one-time password that is used for transactions, e.g for money transfers or
online banking. It expires after being used. COLLOCATION(S): use a TAN</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>translation software</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Computer programme that automatically translates a text from a source language into another language.
Although the programmes are constantly being improved, the quality of the translations is not always convincing since different
language aspects such as grammar, style and vocabulary can often not be translated correctly.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Trojan horse</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A Trojan horse is a software program that is disguised as a useful application but can do harm to a computer
without the user realising it. A Trojan horse can spread in many different ways: directly through data carriers, file-sharing
communities, in e-mail attachments, updates etc. A trojan, however, can never spread autonomously, which is the main
difference to viruses. Thus, a trojan can be regarded as a carrier of a malicious software that becomes harmful when it is
50
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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opened. Such harmful effects are manipulation of and access to data bases, espionage of secret data like passwords, installation
of unwanted software like dialers, deletion of the hard disk etc. SYNONYMS(S): trojan</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>TrueType Font</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A font representation standard for screens and printing, which was introduced by Apple and licensed by
Microsoft in 1991. In contrast to bitmap scripts, the individual letters in TrueType font are represented as vector information,
which enables the lossless scalability of the font. SYNONYMS(S): TTF</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>two-factor authentication</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Combination of two out of the three features "possession" (e.g. chip card), "knowledge" (e.g. password) and
"physical attributes" (e.g. fingerprints) used to authenticate to an electronic system.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<CONCEPT>Uniform Resource Identifier</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A method for the addressing of abstract or physical resources on the Internet. SYNONYMS(S): URI
identifier</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Uniform Resource Locator</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Uniform Resource Locator, sometimes Location. A part of the Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI). A location
description that includes the protocol, the computer name, the domain as well as the path and file name of a document.
COLLOCATION(S): enter the URL copy the URL into the address field SYNONYMS(S): internet address web address
URL</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>unsolicited commercial e-mail</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An e-mail that is sent for advertising purposes without the receiver having asked for it. Unsolicited
commercial e-mails form a category of spam mails. In contrast to other types of spam mail, however, commercial e-mails are
sent with a serious interest in buying or selling something. SYNONYMS(S): UCE Unsolicitated Bulk E-mail UBE</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>update</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Updating of a software by complementing the basic version with new programme developments and
improvements. Updates are also carried out to remove known security deficiencies. Updates can be obtained by retail or by
downloading them from the Internet, which is often for free. COLLOCATION(S): to buy an update to develop an update to
download an update</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>upload</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The dataflow from a local computer to a distant computer via a network. The transfer in the other direction is
called download.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>uptime</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Term for the period of time when a computer system is available and works without any
deficiencies.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>USB interface</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A universal system for the attachment of external appliances to a PC via the Universal Serial Bus. Such
instruments can be a mouse, joysticks or keyboards but also USB sticks or digital camers. A USB interface recognizes the
connected appliance and its distributed functions so that a communication between the PC and the appliance can follow.
SYNONYMS(S): USB port</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>user account</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A combination of a user name and a user password that a person can use to get access to a computer system,
parts of a computer system or to certain data. SYNONYMS(S): account</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>user friendliness</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An attribute or recommendation for hard- or software that informs the customer about whether a programm
can be used easily as well as efficiently.</DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>user name</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The user name is the most commonly devised name for a computer user. Normally, a user name is assigned
to a password and linked with a user account with which the user can log into or register for a system. COLLOCATION(S): to
create a user name to change a user name</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>value added</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The entirety of the achievements and products which have been raised in all the different economic branches
of a national economy, whereas gooods and resources of a lower value are being transformed into goods and services of a
higher value. The actual value added can be calculated from the difference between the production value (market price for
which a number of produced goods are offered) and supplied intermediate inputs (material, wages, rent etc.). With other words:
output minus input. COLLOCATION(S): growing value added value added chain</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>value added chain</CONCEPT>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
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<DEFINITION>[N] A value added chain describes the value enhancement of a product in the different stages of its production
and marketing process. Normally, this chain starts with the raw material and ends with the end-consumer. This highlights the
fact that the actual value of a product is composed out of all the individual elements and value added processes.
COLLOCATION(S): to analyse a value added chain SYNONYMS(S): supply chain</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>value proposition</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An offer which is adjusted to a clearly defined target group. It points out the advantages and price of the
offered products.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>value-weight ratio</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A relative measurement which is e.g. important for the determining of transport costs. The lower the valueweight ratio, the higher the relativ transport costs since a higher weight in this case correlates with a lower
weight.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>vCalendar</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A file format to exchange calendar dates and diary information. Meanwhile, this format has been replaced by
the new standard iCalender.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>vCard</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An electronic format of business cards for the exchange of contact information. This personal information,
stored in files, can be imported by nearly all the established e-mail programs.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>venture capital</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Liable own funds, that is introduced for the financing of a (often newly created) business. The investor
participates in the business and gains profit through a share of the returns. Often, the investor supports the business with his
own knowledge and means and has a counselling function.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>venture capitalist</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An authority such as a bank, an enterprise but also private persons that provide venture
capital.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Veronica</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A tracing service developed in the 1980ies for the internet provider Gopher. By now, it has been replaced by
the WWW and search engines. Nowadays, only a couple of Gopher and Veronica-servers are still in use. COLLOCATION(S):
Veronica-server Veronica-search SYNONYMS(S): Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Netwide Index to Computerized
Archives</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>version</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The version of e.g. a software represents the latter's form at a certain point in time. Software is constantly
being advanced and improved, while basic structures stay the same. The degree of change can be seen thanks to the specific
system that has been used to describe the development stage (e.g. A.2, 3.2). A clear distinction between a version and a variant
is not always easy. COLLOCATION(S): software version to use a new version to launch the new version</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>version control</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] System with whose aid e.g. the development of a software can be coordinated. All changes are retained with
date and time so that it is ensured that always the newest version is being used. In order to make the version control clearly
arranged, different systems (numerical, alpha-numerical) can be employed. COLLOCATION(S): version control system revision
control system</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>vertical industries</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A special industrial or economic branch or grou p of enterprises which design and offer similar products or
services and which work on an equivalent level. Examples for such industries are insurances, transport companies or the
metalworking industry. SYNONYMS(S): vertical market</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>video on demand</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A technology that enables the user to demand and play videos via networks (e.g. broadband Internet) at any
time.</DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
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PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>virtual business</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Project for which several companies work together via the internet for a special space of time, independent
of location. In an advanced form, different "real" enterprises virtually provide the building blocks for a new company which only
exists on the internet.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>virtual marketer</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A marketer which most of the times does not have a fixed geographical position but who is mainly
represented virtually, i.e. on the Internet. Therefore, there are no sales rooms but the products are presented and offered on
the individual websites of the homepage. The purchase is also conducted electronically and the delivery takes place via mail.
SYNONYMS(S): online marketer</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
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<CONCEPT>virus</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Malicious software that causes damage to a computer and can make it unusable. COLLOCATION(S): to
remove a computer virus</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>virus signature</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Special characters in a computer virus, which enable the detection of a specific virus by an anti-virus
software. Such signatures are special patterns, which make a virus distinctively recognizable, even if it changes its form
(mutation). In order to be able to put together a virus signature, one has to first observe the virus in different forms. If one
updates one's anti-virus software, one uploads the latest virus signatures. COLLOCATION(S): to upload the lated virus signatures
to create a virus signature</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>visit</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A measure for the number of accesses to a web site. A visit is defined as an access from a computer (an IPaddress) to a web site and its sub-pages, provided that the same user visits the web site from the same computer for 30 or 60
minutes. It is not only the number of visits that is relevant, but it is also interesting to find out how many different visitors
accessed the web site.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>visitor-buyer ratio</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Describes the relationship between the number of visitors of a store or an online shop etc. and the actual
buyers of products that are offered there. For example, when one out of 100 visitors buys a product, the visitor-buyer
relationship is 1 %.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Visual Basic</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A language family, based on the Basic-syntax and which orginates from the MS-DOS programming language
QBasic developed by Microsoft. Visual Basic is not only used for the pure programming of applications but also for the creation
of makros in MS-Office products, which added immensely to its huge success. SYNONYMS(S): VB</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>VOB</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Data-format for the storage of DVD-videos.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
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DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>vortal</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A vertical industry portal (vortal) is a website that offers information and ressources for a certain branch of
industry. SYNONYMS(S): vertical industry portal</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>warez</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A colloquial term for pirate copies, in particular of software. The term rises up in the 80s and became more
commonplace among Internet users and the media in the 90s. Software products are mainly distributed via ftp-servers or peerto-peer file sharing services.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Web 2.0</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] An umbrella term for new web technologies and a changed reception of the Internet. Due to faster net
connections, new script languages and high-capacity and user-friendly Content Management Systems, the user evolved from a
passive consumer to an active content designer. Today, users also contribute to distribution of contents by making links and
tagging. This leads to an effect similar to a flocking behaviour. On the basis of these links, semantic and social relationships
become visible (semantic networks). Some of the most commonly known Web 2.0 applications are Flickr, Youtube and
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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Technorati. The term came up during a series of conferences of the O'Reily publishing house. Its exact meaning and relevance is
controversial. COLLOCATION(S): a Web 2.0 application</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Web Content Management System</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A system which in contrast to other content management system is limited to the distribution of only HTMLsites. PDG and similar formats are not possible in an WCMS. SYNONYMS(S): WCMS</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>web crawler</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A web crawler is a software that can search through all web sites of the Internet and evaluate the information
contained in them by indexing. Web crawlers are used by different web sites and especially by search engines to get access to
current data. A problem is the huge number of web sites and information on the Internet so that a web crawler can only search
through a small fraction of all accessible data bases. Other functions of a web crawler are data mining and the search for e-mail
addresses. SYNONYMS(S): crawler</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
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DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>web design</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Design, structure and concept of a web page. It includes not only the layout but also the linkage between
texts and objects with hyperlinks. COLLOCATION(S): specialize on web design SYNONYMS(S): web site design internet design
homepage design online design</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>web form</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Online version of a form which can be filled out by a user with a computer. Thereafter he can send it to a
addressee.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>web page</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A document in the World Wide Web that can be accessed from a web server using a web browser. Every web
page is associated with a unique address, the URL. A typical feature is the hyperlink that connects a document with another.
COLLOCATION(S): browse a web page use a web page create a web page update a web page SYNONYMS(S):
webpage</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>web portal</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A web page that combines often used services, so that a user can easily access vast amounts of data. Because
of the vastness of information on the internet, these pages get complex very often. COLLOCATION(S): to use the web portal
SYNONYMS(S): portal</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>web presence</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] All the web pages that belong to a single organization on the WWW. COLLOCATION(S): build a web presence
work on a web presence</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>web server</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A subgroup of servers that are accessible via a URL and that povide a service for internet users using
protocols like HTTP or FTP. The provided services include the hosting of web sites and web services. COLLOCATION(S): to start
the web server SYNONYMS(S): internet server</DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>webaholic</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A person who is addicted to using the internet.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>webhoster</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Name for a service provider that offers web hosting services. SYNONYMS(S): web hosting
service</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>webhosting</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A service that provides storage capacity and domains on a server so that the users can place their web sites
on this server and post them on the Internet. Webhosting services differ in price, space, speed etc. so that a user can decide for
a service that suits his or her individual requirements.</DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>weblog</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A weblog is a website on which new entries are constantly published, with new entries ranking first and old
entries ranking last. Popular weblogs are online-diaries where users can create new entries. Due to the various topics on the
Internet there are also many weblogs with different thematic focuses. SYNONYMS(S): blog</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>webshop</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Online version of a normal shop. The webshop owner uses the webshop to sell his products and services. A
webshop is based on a catalogue system to present products and prices. Often, webshops use analogies to real-world shops:
Users can select the products and "add them to a shopping cart" and then "proceed to the checkout". COLLOCATION(S):
webshop system SYNONYMS(S): onlineshop online shop web shop internet store internet shop</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>website</CONCEPT>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>[N] An offer of information on the Internet e.g. by a company which consists of many individual websites and
documents of any kind . Websites by companies are normally to be found under a domain. A website can, however, be limited
to subdomains or a directory on a webserver. It is then also thematically limited, though. COLLOCATION(S): website address
SYNONYMS(S): webpresence internet presence</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>What You See Is What You Get</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] The term WYSIWYG stands for a user interface of a computer system which shows how a text document that
is being processed at the moment will look like as a completed product, e.g. as a print-out. This principle is mainly used for text
processing and the development of HTML-sites. SYNONYMS(S): WYSIWYG</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Whois</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A TCP-based protocol that is used to retrieve information from a data bank in order to identify the owner of
an internet domain or an IP-address. This information usually consists of the name, the adress, the telephone number etc. of the
owner of a domain name. Whois can also be used to find out whether a certain domain name is already occupied.
COLLOCATION(S): whois query</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Wide Area Network</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] In contrast to a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a
huge geographic area (even cross-national) and connects a lot of computers or even LANs with each other. The connection is
established via telephone lines. WANS are used e.g. privatley by companies and organisations to connect offices that are very far
from each other. SYNONYMS(S): WAN</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Wiki</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A system where every user can and modify internet pages. A wiki can mainly be used for the collaborative
generation of contents, which are then openly accessible. The most famous wiki application is the encyclopedia Wikipedia.
SYNONYMS(S): WikiWiki WikiWeb</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>wireless application protocol</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Standard and umbrella term for technologies, which enable the access to the internet via a mobile phone.
This requires that contents are adjusted to the smaller display, slower transfer rate and longer answer time, which is
characteristic for mobile radio. WAP-services often involve separate rates besides the regular telephone costs. COLLOCATION(S):
WAP phone SYNONYMS(S): WAP</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>Wireless Local Area Network</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A wireless local network that connects two or more computers via radio signals so that there is no need for
complicated cabling. SYNONYMS(S): WLAN</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>wish list</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Users of an online-shop have the possibility to take notes on interesting products with the help of a wish list.
This wish list can also be published so that friends and relatives can use it as suggestion for presents.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>word processor</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A computer program with whose help a user can write, create, store and print texts. Modern word processing
programs thereby represent the content in the form it will be printed. Among the most popular word processors are Microsoft
Word and OpenOffice Writer. COLLOCATION(S): word processing program</DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>World Wide Web</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] World Wide Web. A network built on top of the internet that implements a hypertext system. A web browser
is used to download and display content from a web server. Often the WWW is used synonymously to the internet despite the
fact that the WWW is just a part, though very popular, of the internet. COLLOCATION(S): surf the WWW look sth. upin the
WWW find on the WWW SYNONYMS(S): WWW</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>World Wide Web Consortium</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A committee founded in 1994 that decides on standards for WWW-technologies. Since the World Wide Web
Consortium is no internationally accepted organisation for standardisation, its guidelines are no binding standards but more
recommendations. Some examples of passed de facto standards are Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup
Language (XML) or the graphic format Portable Network Graphics (PNG). SYNONYMS(S): W3C</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>x86</CONCEPT>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
<DEFINITION>[N] The instruction set of a microprocessor architecture developed by the company Intel. The name x86 relates
to the processor serial 8086/8088, introduced in 1978. The subsequent processors were called 80186, 80286 etc.
COLLOCATION(S): x86-architecture</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>XETRA</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Abbreviation for Exchange Electronic Trading. XETRA is the electronic trade system for the cash market of the
Deutsche Börse AG (German stock exchange). Most of the transactions of the German stock dealing are processed and settled
through XETRA. It brings together offers and demands of the market participants and enables them to get decentral access to
the stock market. In contrast to XETRA there is the floor trade. SYNONYMS(S): Exchange Electronic Trading</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>XING</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] Worlwide social-networking-platform that is based on the Internet. It mainly enables the finding and
maintaining of business contacts. A user thus invites contacts which are then added to his own network. Via the statements of
fields of interets and profession, XING-users can make and keep new business contacts, which are adjusted to his area of
specialization. SYNONYMS(S): openBC Open Business Club Open-Business-Club</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>zip</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A magnetic computer drive with removable hard disks similar to floppy disks. Its original storage capacity is
100MB.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>zip</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A file format that contains compressed data. Certain algorithms are used to compress data so that their size
be reduced and they can be stored and transferred more easily. A zip-file can contain one or more data of any format and is
used as an archive file.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
- <ENTRY>
<CONCEPT>ZOO</CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>[N] A data compression format which is characterised by the file extension .zoo. It was developed in the mid
1980ies by Rahul Dhesi but it is no longer widely used.</DEFINITION>
PORTUGUÊS:
<CONCEPT>
<DEFINITION>
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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA INFORMÁTICA
LAPR2 – MÓDULO DE COMPETÊNCIAS LINGUÍSTICAS
DOCENTE: ANA BARATA
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