CURRICULUM VITAE 1.0 PERSONAL DETAILS Name NRIC Number Date of Birth: Marital Status Spoken language Written language Date of joining UTM Postal Address : : : : : : : : E-mail Homepage Permanent Home Address : Telephone Fax : : : Ida Idayu Muhamad 691021-04-5060 (A 1406906) 21 October 1969 (Melaka) Married Malay, English Malay, English, Arabic 20 May 1997 Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia idayu@fkkksa.utm.my http://www.fkkksa.utm.my/staff/idayu No 82, Jalan Utama 19, Taman Mutiara Rini, Skudai 81300 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia (0116) 07 5535541 (Office), h/p (0116) 016-7393876 (0116) 07-5581463 2.0 ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS 1. 2000-2004: 2. 1994-1998: 3. 1988-1993: 2.1 Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering (Process Eng.) University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology (UMIST) Manchester, United Kingdom (9 July 2004) Master of Science in Food Science and Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang Bachelor of Technology (Honours) in Industrial (Food) Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang AREAS OF SPECIALISATION: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Particulate Food and Cereal Processing Food Packaging: Biomaterial and Applications Biopolymer Production for Food and Non-food Uses Modelling and Control of Food Process Engineering Biosafety: HACCP and cGMP 1 3.0 ADMINISTRATIVE POST/MEMBER OF COMMITTEE 3.1 Positions/Member of Committee Inside UTM: 1. Co-ordinator for Degree ++ Program (2007/08) of FKKKSA, UTM Skudai 2. Academic Committee of FKKKSA, UTM, Skudai (1 February 2007- 31 January 2009). 3. Committee of OBE, Curriculum and Syllabus of FKKKSA, UTM Skudai (1 Feb 2007 – 31 Jan 2009). 4. Committee of Postgraduate Study, FKKKSA, UTM Skudai (11 Jan 07 – 31 Aug 2008) 5. Committee of Industrial Training Program, FKKKSA, UTM Skudai (1 April 2006 – 30 April 2008) 6. Senior Lecturer at Department of Bioprocess Engineering, FKKKSA, UTM, Skudai (13 February 2007- present 7. Lecturer at Department of Bioprocess Engineering, FKKKSA, UTM, Skudai (13 February 1998- 13 Feb 2007) 8. Committee Member of Chemical and Biotechnology Focus Group, UTM, August 2004 – present 9. Tutor at Department of Bioprocess Engineering, FKKKSA, UTM, Skudai (20 May 1997 - 12 February 1998) 4.0 PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS 1. ASTM International (ASTM), PA, USA, [1020965], 2007-present 2. American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC), Kansas, USA, 2003-2004 3. Institute of Chemical Engineers (IChemE UK) Particle Technology Subject Group 2003-04 4. Member Society of Chemical Industries, 2003-04 5. Malaysian Institute of Food Technologist (MIFT), 1999-present 6. Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia (PPM), 2000-present 5.0 AWARDS, RECOGNITIONS & APPOINTMENTS 5.1 Awards: 1. Intellectual Property Patent Protection PI No: 2007 1577 for “An Active Packaging using A Smart Bio-switch Concept” 2. Gold Medal, “Rotary Disk reactor Plus Dryer (RDRD) for Enhanced Microbial Cellulose Production using Fruit Waste’” INATEX 2007, UTM Skudai, 15-21 Aug 2007 3. Anugerah “Penyelidikan Asas Terbaik 2006 Kategori Individu’ at Majlis Kecemerlangan & Penghargaan UTM 2006, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 31 July 2007. 4. Silver Medal, “Optimisation of Microbial Cellulose Fermentation using Acetobacter xylinum Using Pineapple Waste As Substrate”, at National Research and Innovation Competition (NRIC) 2007, USM Pulau Pinang (Project Leader) 5. Bronze Medal, “Development of Biodegradable Packaging with Natural Colourant”, at National Research and Innovation Competition (NRIC) 2007, USM Pulau Pinang (Project Leader). 6. Gold Medal, “Active-Smart Plastic Films using a Bio-switch Concept for Applications in Packaging”,Salon International des Inventions, Geneva, 2007 7. Gold Medal, “Active-Smart Packaging for Monitoring Safety using a Bio-switch Concept” at Malaysian Technology Exhibition (MTE) 2007, PWTC Kuala Lumpur 8. Bronze Medal, “Active Packaging using a Smart Bio-switch Concept” at INATEX 2006, UTM Skudai 9. AACC Travel Grant to AACC 2003 Annual Meeting in Quebec, Canada 10. SCI Student Travel Awards 2003 to AACC Annual Meeting 2003 in Quebec, Canada 2 5.2 Appointments: Technical Committee for ‘World Engineering Congress 2007, Evergreen Laurel Hotel, Penang., organized by IEM and UPM, 4- 8 Aug 2007. 2. Panel Evaluator for Category: Published Papers in National Journal for Anugerah Penerbitan UTM 2005 3. Pelantikan sebagai AJK Penerbitan Buku Memori Korporat FKKKSA sempena Menyambut Ulangtahun ke-25 FKKKSA, 22 Nov 2007 4. Penilai Kertas Cadangan Projek Penyelidikan E-Science, IRDC Universiti Teknologi MARA, 29 Okt 2007 5. Pelantikan sebagai Penilai Artikel jurnal Teknologi – Keluaran Khas “Optimized Substractive Clustering for Cluster-Based Compound Selection 1. 6.0 CAREER MILESTONES 6. Senior Lecturer at Department of Bioprocess Engineering, FKKKSA, UTM, Skudai (13 February 2007- present 7. Lecturer at Department of Bioprocess Engineering, FKKKSA, UTM, Skudai (13 February 1998- 2007; confirmed 13 Feb 2001) 8. Student Demonstrator, Chemical Engineering Dept., UMIST (1 April 2004- July 2004) 9. Tutor at Department of Bioprocess Engineering, FKKKSA, UTM, Skudai (20 May 1997 - 12 February 1998) 10. Research Officer at Department of Bioprocess Engineering, FKKKSA, UTM, Skudai (1996-1997) 11. Research Officer at Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang (1994-1996) 12. Research Assistant at Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang (1993-1994) 7.0 TEACHING/SUPERVISION ACTIVITIES 7.1 Teaching of Subjects: Undergraduate: 1. Food Process Engineering SKB 5513 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Food Process Engineering SKB5212 Food Technology SKK 5353, SKB 5213 Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment 1999/2000 Downstream Process Eng. SKB 4343 Food Technology SKK 5353 Food Process Engineering SKB 5212 Technical Drawing SKU 2813 Fermentation & Bioreactor Design SKB 4213 Microbiology Industry Sem. 1 07/08 Sem 1& 2 06/07 Sem 2 05/06 Sem 1&2 04/05 05/06 Sem 1 2000/01 Sem 1 Sem Sem Sem Sem Sem Sem 2 1 1 2 1 2 1999/2000 1998/99, 1999/00 1997/98 1998/99 1998/99 Postgraduate: 1. Food Technology MKK 1213 2. Food Process Engineering MKK 1263 Sem 1 06/07 Sem 1 07/08 Adult Learning (SPACE): 1. Food Technology (in Education) Sem 2 2005/06 3 2. 7.2 Concepts of New Product Development Degree ++ Teaching of Undergraduate Laboratories: 1. Pollution Control Lab Sem 2 05/06, Sem 1&2 06/07, Sem 1 07/08 2. Chemical Reaction Laboratory Sem 1&2 2003/2004 3. Chemical Reaction Laboratory Sem 1&2 2004/2005, Sem 1 2005/6 4. Chemical Eng Unit Operation Lab 1 Sem 1 1999/2000 5. Chemical Eng Unit Operation Lab 2 Sem 2 1999/2000 6. Bioprocess Engineering Lab 1 Sem 1 1998/99 8.0 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 8.1 Research Grant 1. Head, eSciencefund Grant 03-01-06-SF0261 “Development of Intelligent Packaging for Food” (RM 224,600), Aug 2007 – July 2009. 2. Head, BIP-UTM iGrant Vot 98207 of pre-commercialization for ‘Active-Smart Film for Applications in Packaging’ (RM 20,000), Aug 2007. 3. Head, FRGS Grant Vot 78099 “Diffusivity of selective bioactive substances in a release-on-command system” (RM 40,500), June 2007 – May 2008. 4. Head, eSciencefund Grant 03-01-06-SF0103 “A functionalized nanostructure biomaterial for improved separation in food processing” (RM 109,000), Dec 2006 – Jan 2009. 5. Key member, eSciencefund Grant 05-01-06-SF0188 “Development Of Dehydration Process For Heat Sensitive Biological And Agricultural Products Using Microwave Vacuum Technology” lead by PM Dr Mohd Rozainee Taib 6. Key member, eSciencefund Grant 03-01-06-SF0046 “Development of Low Density Polyethylene/Sago Based Biofilm via Blow Film Molding Technique” lead by PM Dr Wan Aizan binti Wan Abdul Rahman 7. Key member, eSciencefund Granf 02-01-06-SF0174 “Development Of Edible Bird''s Nest Cleaning Process”, lead by Lee Ting Hun 8. Head, Short-Term RMC Grant (RM 47900) “Effect of Processing Parameters on the Drying of Papaya Fruit Tea”, Vot 75146 (November 01, 2004 – Apr 30, 2006) 9. Head, Short-Term RMC Grant (RM 15000) “Study of an Active Anti Microbial System Using a Bio-Switch Concept”, Vot 75201 (January 01, 2005 – June 31, 2006) 10. Head, Short Term RMC Grant Vot 71349 (RM 15,000): “ Bioconversion of Sludge to Commercial Animal Feed”, July 1998-December 2000 11. Head, Short Term RMC Grant Vot 71481 (RM 20,000): “ Production of Microbial Cellulose from Local Fruit Pomace”, July 1998-December 2000 8.2 1. University & National Level Research Activities 1. Participation on ‘Rotary Disk reactor Plus Dryer (RDRD) for Enhanced Microbial Cellulose Production using Fruit Waste’, INATEX 2007, UTM Skudai, 15-21 Aug 2007 2. Exhibition on “Active-Smart Plastic Films using a Bio-switch Concept for Applications in Packaging”, Lawatan Menteri Pengajian Tinggi Tun Dato Mustapha ke UTM, 14 July 2007. 3. Exhibition on “Active-Smart Plastic Films using a Bio-switch Concept for Applications in Packaging”, Hari Anugerah Kualiti UTM, 31 July 2007, DSI-UTM. 4. Participation on ‘Active-Smart Plastic Films using a Bio-switch Concept for Applications in Packaging, INATEX 2006, UTM Skudai, 25-29 Aug 2006. 5. Head for Participation in Technofun on ‘Fibre Tea, ’, Pesta Konvokesyen 2006, UTM Skudai, 25-29 Aug 2006. 6. Product Showcase, “Active-Smart Plastic Films using a Bio-switch Concept for Applications in Packaging”,at PECIPTA 2007, KLCC, 9-12 August 2007. 4 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 2. Malaysian Technology Exhibition (MTE) 2007, “Active-Smart Packaging for Monitoring Safety using a Bio-switch Concept”, PWTC Kuala Lumpur (7-11 April 2007) The Vendor Network 2007 Product Showcase, “Active-Smart Film using a Bioswitch Concept”, KLCC Kuala Lumpur (9-12 March 2007). Head, Food Product Development (Fibre) for Malaysian Pineapple Industrial Board, MPIB (for exhibition in MAHA 2006), 21-24 Nov 2006 Committee Member, Focus Group Chemical and Biotechnology, UTM, 2004/05 Participation on ‘Microbial Cellulose Production from Local Fruit Pomace’, INATEX 2000, UTM Skudai, 27-29 June 2000 Commercialisation Activities Presentation for iGrant application on “Active-Smart Plastic Films using a Bioswitch Concept for Applications in Packaging”, 3 August 2007, BIP-UTM. 2. Presentation for MTDC Grant application on “Active-Smart Plastic Films using a Bio-switch Concept for Applications in Packaging”, 17 August 2007, BIP-UTM. 1. 8.3 International Level 1. SMIDEX Research Showcase “An Active Smart Plastics Film Using A Bio-Switch Concept For Application In Packaging (Ami+), Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre ( 6th - 8th June 2007 2. Participation “Active-Smart Plastic Films using a Bio-switch Concept for Applications in Packaging”,Salon International des Inventions, Geneva, 2007 9.0 PUBLICATIONS 9.1 International Journals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 9.2 E Salleh and II Muhamad (2007) “Antimicrobial Starch-Based Film Incorporated With Lauric Acid And Chitosan” Asian Chitin Journal:, , Vol.3 December 2007, Page 55-69 Nurul A.M.Z., Lizawati M.D., Liza M.S. and Ida I.M. (accepted) “Effect Of Temperature, Air Velocity and Geometry on The Drying of Carica Papaya. L.”. Journal of Applied Sciences, Academic Journal Inc. ANSI. Nozieana Khairuddin1, Ida Idayu Muhamad (accepted) “Antimicrobial Effects On Starch-Based Films Incorporated With Lysozymes”. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor. Grant M Campbell, Chaoying Fang and Ida I Muhamad (2007) “On Predicting Roller Milling Performance VI. Effect of kernel hardness and shape on the particle size distribution from First Break milling of wheat”, IChemE Journal: Food and Bioproducts, Vol. 85: C1, 7-23. Muhamad, I.I., and Campbell, G.M. (2004). “Effect of kernel hardness and moisture content on wheat breakage in the single kernel characterization system.” Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 5(1): 119-125. International Proceedings/Presentations 1. 2. 3. Salleh E, Muhamad, II and Khairudin N (2007) “Inhibition Of Bacillus Subtilis And Escherichia Coli By Antimicrobial Starch-Based Film Incorporated With Lauric Acid And Chitosan”, 3rd CIGR-Sec.VI Symposium, 24-26 September 2007, Naples, Italy Redza A Rahman, Siti Mariam A and Ida I Muhamad (2007) “Lauric Acid as Antimicrobial Agent in k-carageenan Based Antimicrobial Film”, 10th Asean Food Conference 2007, 21-23 August 2007, Sheraton Hotel and Towers, Selangor. Nozieana Khairuddin and Ida Idayu Muhamad (2007) “Antimicrobial Effects on Starch-based Films Incorporated with Lysozymes”, World Engineering Congress 2007 , 5-9 August 2007, Penang, Malaysia 5 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 9.3 E Salleh and II Muhamad “Mechanical Properties and Antimicrobial analysis of Antimicrobial Starch-based Film”, International Conference on Advancement of Materials and Nanotechnology, 29 May – 1 Jun 2007, Langkawi, Kedah, II Muhamad, SZA Talib, MZ Abdullah, MK Mahat and KS Ho (2005), Improved Production Of Microbial Cellulose By Acetobacter Xylinum With Addition Of Microparticles In Synthetic And Complex Media Under Shaking Culture Conditions ICCBPE/SomChE, BPE 12, A-18 15-17 December, 2005, UMS, Sabah Nurul Ashikin Md. Zaki, Liza Md. Salleh, & Ida Idayu Muhamad, (2005). Effect of Microwave Power Intensity on Drying Characteristics of Carica papaya L. First International Symposium on Papaya, 22 November 2005, Genting Highlands Resort Fang, C.Y., Muhamad, I.I., and Campbell, G.M. (2003). “Prediction of breakage during roller milling of mixtures of wheat kernels, based on single kernel measurements.” In Proceedings of Particulate System Analysis conference, 11-12 September 2003, Harrogate UK. Muhamad, I.I., Fang, C.Y., and Campbell, G.M. (2002) “Study of the breakage of wheat in the SKCS and during First Break roller milling”. In Proceedings of 1st Annual Conference of Malaysian Research Group UK, 10-12 October 2002, Manchester. Muhamad, I.I., Fang, C.Y., and Campbell, G.M. (2002) Comparison of the particle size distributions produced by breakage of wheat in the SKCS and during first break roller milling. An oral presentation at 87th AACC Annual Meeting, 13-16 October 2002, Montreal, Canada. Ida Idayu Muhamad & Lee Wei Guan (1999) “Moisture sorption studies of raw and processed tofu”. Proceeding of Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering 1999 (B45-1), 22-24 Nov.1999, B.P Samila Beach Hotel, Songkhla, Thailand. Ida Idayu Muhamad & Mohd. Azemi Mohd. Noor (1999). “The study of blend films Poly(3-Hydroxy)Butyrate and Cellulose Triacetate as a potential biodegradable packaging material.” Proceeding World Engineering Congress. 19-22 July 1999, Sheraton Subang, Malaysia, p95-100. Submission of Abstracts and Poster Presentations at International Conferences 1. Ida Idayu Muhamad and Nozieana Khairudin (2007) “Antimicrobial effects on starch based films incorporated with Lysozymes”, 10th Asean Food Conference 2007, 21-23 August 2007, Sheraton Hotel and Towers, Selangor. 2. Salleh, E and Muhamad, II (2007) “Starch-based Antimicrobial Films Incorporated with Lauric Acid and Chitosan”, 10th Asean Food Conference 2007, 21-23 August 2007, Sheraton Hotel and Towers, Selangor. 3. Ida Idayu M, Nurul Asyikin MZ, Liza MS (2007) “Physical Properties of microwave dried papaya with blanching pre-treatment”, 10th Asean Food Conference 2007, 21-23 August 2007, Sheraton Hotel and Towers, Selangor. 4. Ida Idayu M, Nurul Asyikin MZ, Liza MS (2007) “Drying characteristics of Carica papaya L. during microwave vacuum treatment”, 10th Asean Food Conference 2007, 21-23 August 2007, Sheraton Hotel and Towers, Selangor 5. Nurul Asyikin Md Zaki, Ida Idayu Muhamad, Liza Md Salleh and Nozieana Khairuddin (2007), “Drying characteristics of Carica papaya L. during microwavevacuum drying”, World Engineering Congress 2007 , 5-9 August 2007, Penang, Malaysia 6. Ida Idayu Muhamad, Kanna a/l Sannumugam & Heng Kok Ting (2000). “Sorption isotherm studies of processed poultry feed from soybean waste” Abstract in Proc. Of International Conference on Processed Food for 21st Century, 14-16 January 2000, Science City, Calcutta, India. 7. Muhamad, I.I., Fang, C.Y., and Campbell, G.M. (2002) “Breakage of wheat in the Single Kernel Characterization System and during First Break roller milling”. Poster presented at 1st Annual Conference of Malaysian Research Group UK, 1012 October 2002, Manchester. 6 8. Muhamad, I.I., and Campbell, G.M. (2002). “Wheat breakage in the Single Kernel Characterization System”. Poster presented at 87th AACC Annual Meeting, 13-16 October 2002, Montreal, Canada. 9.4 National Journals 1. Ida Idayu Muhamad, Chaoying Fang and Grant Campbell (accepted) “Prediction of Breakage during Roller Mixing of Mixtures of Wheat Kernels, Based on single Kernel Measurements”, Jurnal Teknologi, Unit Penerbitan Akademik, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2. Ida Idayu Muhamad, Lee Kar Joon and Mohd Azemi Mohd Noor (2006) “Comparing the hydrolytic degradation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate, poly-βhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate and its blend with cellulose triacetate”, Malaysian Polymer Journal, PRIM 3. Ida I Muhamad, Chaoying Fang & Grant M Campbell (2006). “Comparison of Wheat Particle Size Distribution In The Single Kernel Characterisation System and During First Break Roller Milling.” Jurnal Teknologi. Bil. 44(F) Jun 2006. Unit Penerbitan Akademik, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Pp 41-52. 4. Ida Idayu Muhamad & Mohd. Azemi Mohd. Noor (1999). “The degradation studies of Poly(3-Hydroxy)Butyrate and Cellulose Triacetate blend films.” Jurnal Teknologi Bil 33. Unit Penerbitan Akademik, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Pp 346-351. 9.5 National Proceedings and Presentations 1. Norhayati Paie and Ida Idayu Muhamad (2007) “Rotating Disk Reactor plus Dryer (RDRD) for enhanced Microbial Cellulose Production using Fruit Waste”, INATEX 2007, 29 May – 1 Aug 2007, UTM Skudai. 2. Mohd Redza Abd Rahman, Nozieana Khairudin, Eraricar Salleh and Ida Idayu Muhamad (2007) “An Active Smart Film for Application in Food Packaging”, Malaysia Technology Expo 2007 (MTE 2007),. 29-31 March 2007, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur. 3. P.Rathanak, I.I. Muhammad and A.R.Rahmat (2005). “Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability Study of Coconut Shell Powder Filled Low Density Polyethylene Film”, National Symposium of Polymeric Materials 2005, Residence Hotel, UNITEN, Bangi , 23-24 August 2005. 4. Khairuddin, N., Razi, A.R.M. and Muhamad, I.I (2005). “Study of an antimicrobial starch-based active packaging system”. Poster presented at 4th Food Science and Technology Seminar 2005, 23rd July 2005, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysian Institute of Food Technology (MIFT) 5. Nurul Asyikin Zaki, Lizawati Mohamad Darwi, Liza Md. Salleh, Ida Idayu Muhamad (2005) “Effect of Osmotic Dehydration Parameters on Papain Enzyme Activity of Carica papaya L”. 4th Food Science and Technology Seminar 2005, 23rd July 2005, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysian Institute of Food Technology (MIFT) 6. Nozieana Khairuddin & Ida Idayu Muhamad (2005) “Antimicrobial Effects On Starch Based Films Incorporated With Lysozymes And Lauric Acid”. 4th Food Science and Technology Seminar 2005, 23rd July 2005, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysian Institute of Food Technology (MIFT) 7. Nozieana Khairuddin & Ida Idayu Muhamad (2005) “Preliminary study of antimicrobial (AM) effects of starch-based film incorporated with nisin, lysozymes and lauric acid”. (P91), SKAM -18, 12-14 September 2005, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Johor Bahru. 8. Nurul Ashikin Md. Zaki, Liza Md. Salleh, Ida Idayu Muhamad & Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid (2005). “The effect of various processing parameter on drying of papaya fruit tea.” Proc .of KUSTEM 4th Annual Seminar on Sustainability Science and Management, 2-3 May 2005, Primula Beach Resort, Kuala Trengganu. 9. Nurul Ashikin Md. Zaki, Liza Md. Salleh, &Ida Idayu Muhamad (2005).”Effect of Drying Parameters and Geometry Cut on Papaya Quality” Poster presented at KUSTEM 4th Annual Seminar on Sustainability Science and Management, 2-3 May 2005, Primula Beach Resort, Kuala Trengganu. 7 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Khairuddin, N., Razi, A.R.M. and Muhamad, I.I (2005). “Study of an antimicrobial starch-based active packaging system” (P3), KUSTEM 4th Annual Seminar on Sustainability Science and Management, 2-3 May 2005, Primula Beach Resort, Kuala Trengganu. Ida Idayu Muhamad & Mohd. Azemi Mohd. Noor (1999). “Thermal and mechanical properties of Poly(3-Hydroxy)Butyrate acid)-(Cellulose Triacetate) blends.” Proc. Of Malaysian Science & Technology Congress ’99: Symposium C (A96), 6-8 Dec. 1999, Crowne Plaza, J.Bahru. I.I.Muhamad, N.Paraman, H.A. Rasjid, K.T.Heng (1999). “Moisture diffusion modeling of drying in soybean waste as animal feed ingredient.” Proc. Of Malaysian Science and Technology Congress ’99: Symposium A. (A06), 25-27 October 1999, Ming Court Vista, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Paraman, N., Salleh, M.N.A., Diong, J.J., Isa, K.M. and Muhamad, I.I. (1999) “Growth study of Acetobacter xylinum using coconut and pineapple waste as substrates.” Proc. Of 3rd UNESCO National Workshop on PROMOTION OF MICROBIOLOGY IN MALAYSIA, 25 May 1999, Bangi. Ida Idayu Muhamad & Mohd. Azemi Mohd. Noor (1997). “Development of blend films of Poly(3-Hydroxy) Butyrate and Cellulose Triacetate: Thermal and Crystalline Properties.” Proc. Symposium on Chemical Engineering. 13-15 October 1997, Johor Bahru. 8