Amazing Animals Unit 1 Second Grade Writers: Kim Newman Jill White 1 I. Second Grade II: Animal Life Cycles Competency Goal 1 : The learner will conduct investigations and build an understanding of animal life cycles. III. Length of time: 9-11 Weeks IV. Major Unit Goal/Learning Objectives The learner will observe and conduct investigations relating to the life cycles of various animals. The focus for second grade students is to observe various insects, frogs, and/or guppies over a period time to make predictions and understand changes. Changes vary in different species involving complete and incomplete metamorphosis. Changes can be measured in timelines. The strands provide a context for teaching the content goals. V. Objective Chart Unit Title: Animal Life Cycles Number of Weeks: 9 -11 Number Competency or Objective RBT Tag 1.01 Describe the life cycle of animals including: B2 Birth Developing into an adult Reproducing Aging and death 1.02 Observe that insects need food, air, and space to A2 grow 1.03 Observe the different stages of an insect life cycle B2 1.04 Compare and contrast life cycles of other animals B4 such as mealworms, ladybugs, crickets, guppies or frogs. 2 VI. NC English Language Proficiency (ELP) Standard 4 (2008) for Limited English Proficiency Students (LEP): English Language Learners communicate information, ideas, and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of Science. For your students that use English as a second language (ESL), some modifications are: Write words on sentence strips or index cards with the definition. Put pictures next to the word for a word/visual association. Have the ESL student buddy with someone during the activities. When doing experiments that require recording data, have the non-ESL do the writing with the ESL student verbally participating. To incorporate the ESL students language, you could have the name of what you are doing in English as well as their language. The non-ESL students will be learning a new word for something in a different language and the ESL student will feel more involved/empowered. VII. Materials/Equipment This is a list of all the materials necessary for the activities in this unit. What you need of each item is also listed at the beginning of each lesson plan. LEP Modification: It is recommended that you provide a realia shelf in the classroom. Place items to be used in each lesson on it, and label the item; for example, hand lens, dropper, measuring tape, thermometer, and compass. Leave the items there for the duration of the unit. Baby pictures of children in your class as well as yourself Black Stamp Pad Bug boxes (or clear cups, plastic wrap, rubber bands) 3 Butterfly cultures Butterfly habitat Calendar Carolina Biological Chart paper Clear Containers w/ lids Clipboards Compass (for drawing) Construction paper Cornmeal Cotton balls Crayons Crickets Droppers Fertile eggs Fish Frogs Frog Eggs Glue Green Stamp Pad Hand lens Hula Hoops Incubator Index cards Insect Adoption Certificate (attached) Markers Mealworms Measuring Tape Observation trays Old magazines to cut up Paper Paper plates Pasta (rotini, elbows, couscous, bow ties) Pencils Permanent marker Plastic cups Potato or Apple Science Notebook Scissors 4 Sentence Strips Spring Water Sugar Tadpole food Thermometer Water Wheat bran, oatmeal or wheat germ VIII. Big Ideas a. Systems, order and organization b. Evidence, models and explanation c. Constancy, change and measurement IX. Unit Notes This unit is designed to take 9 – 11 weeks. Some lessons and experiments may take several days to complete. Pace it as you need to depending on your classroom and children. All experiments need to be set up ahead of time. All examples need to be tried by the teacher before doing it with the students. Depending on your student population and access to materials, you may want to make a finished product ahead of time to show them. Some examples of a finished product need to be put together ahead of time. Materials can be modified and changed as necessary. Be sure you have all rules in place before an experiment begins. This unit is designed to be interactive and fun. A book is a great lead in for a lesson or an event to motivate students or create interest in the topic during the engagement stages. Using fiction is great for young children to peak their interest. When using non-fiction be careful not to give too much information. You will want students to discover as much as possible on their own. Vocabulary: The vocabulary in this unit is intended to introduce the students to new science related terminology. It is mainly for exposure and does not need to be taught in isolation. It will be in bold face print throughout the unit. Help your children incorporate the words in their daily studies in verbal, pictorial, and written form. Vocabulary can also be introduced during explanation activities. 5 6 X. Global Content NC SCS Grade 21st Century Skills Activity Communication Skills 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Conveying thought or opinions effectively All lessons 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 When presenting information, distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant information All Lessons 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Explaining a concept to others All Lessons Interviewing others or being interviewed Not applicable Computer Knowledge 1.01 1.03 1.04 Using word-processing and database programs Not applicable Developing visual aides for presentations Not applicable Using a computer for communication Interactive Assessment Learning new software programs Not applicable 7 Employability Skills 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Assuming responsibility for own learning All Lessons 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Persisting until job is completed All Lessons 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Working independently All Lessons Developing career interest/goals Not Applicable Responding to criticism or questions All Lessons 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Information-retrieval Skills 1.01 1.03 Searching for information via the computer Lesson C, Lesson F, Lesson H 1.01 Searching for print information Lesson A Searching for information using community members Not applicable Language Skills - Reading 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Following written directions All Lessons Identifying cause and effect Not applicable 8 relationships 1.03 Summarizing main points after reading Lesson H 1.01 Locating and choosing appropriate reference materials Lesson A 1.03 Reading for personal learning Lesson H Language Skill - Writing 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Using language accurately All Lessons 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Organizing and relating ideas when writing All Lessons 1.03 Proofing and Editing Lesson G Synthesizing information from several sources Not applicable Documenting sources Not applicable Developing an outline Not Applicable Writing to persuade or justify a position Not Applicable 9 Creating memos, letters, other forms of correspondence Not Applicable Teamwork 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Taking initiative All Lessons 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Working on a team Lesson C, Lesson E, Lesson H, Lesson I, Lesson J Thinking/Problem-Solving Skills 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 Identifying key problems or questions All Lessons Evaluating results Not applicable Developing strategies to address problems All Lessons Developing an action plan or timeline Not applicable ELDSCS: English Language Learners communicate information, ideas, and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of science. 10 Animal Life Cycles Unit Content Overview Animals have characteristic structures and behaviors and go through life cycles. This includes birth, developing into an adult, reproducing, aging, and death. Animals need air, food, water, and space. There are different stages of development in the life cycle in different species and comparisons can be made with animals such as mealworms, ladybugs, crickets, guppies, or frogs. At the beginning of each lesson you will find more information on the specific species and it’s cycle of development. Resources and Children’s Books I Wonder Why Caterpillars Eat So Much & Other Questions about Life Cycles (I Wonder Why) Pond Life (Cycles of Life) Egg to Bird (Cycles of Life) The Life Cycle of a Grasshopper (Life Cycles) The Life Cycle of the Rabbit (Life Cycles) The Life Cycle of a Butterfly (The Life Cycle Series) The Life Cycle of a Butterfly The Frog (Life Cycles) The Butterfly (Life Cycles) The Kangaroo (Life Cycles) The Green Turtle (Life Cycles) Belinda Weber Carolyn Scrace Mark Bergen Carolyn Scrace Lisa Trumbauer Gail Saunders-Smith Lisa Trumbauer Gail Saunders-Smith Bobbie Kalman Margaret Amy Reiach Clare Hibbert Diana Noonan Diana Noonan Diana Noonan Diana Noonan 11 Lesson A TITLE You’ve Changed! NCSCOS 1.01 Describe the life cycle of animals including: Birth Developing into an adult Reproducing Aging and death Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: Student will be able to: Match illustrations of life cycles of animals with vocabulary word cards. Use vocabulary word cards to describe animal life cycles Point to appropriate stages of life cycles when prompted with a question. CONTENT BLAST All animals go through changes in life. Life cycles begin at birth and changes take place as development toward adulthood occurs. Humans are born live, rely on their parents for growth and development, and are dependent on others for survival. Stages of reproducing occur as does aging and ultimately death. Prior to death it is possible that the species has reproduced and the cycle begins again. PROCESS SKILLS Observing Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS 12 Baby pictures of children in your class as well as yourself Old magazines to cut up Chart paper Marker Construction paper Glue Scissors 5E LESSON PLAN Engage Display students’ baby pictures on a bulletin board with their names under them. Include yours also. Discuss the differences between baby humans and adults. Ask students to give you some words they might use to describe people at different ages. Pose the question, “What are the stages of development for humans”? {Note to teacher: Look for words such as two months, six months, six years, twenty years, baby, toddler, kid, teenager, grown-up, adult, etc.} Offer suggestions if needed. Write these words on a chart. Explore Give students old magazines to cut pictures from, showing people at different stages of development. Have them put the pictures in order from youngest to oldest and glue them to a sheet of construction paper. Explain Discuss findings with students. Have them explain why they selected the pictures they did and why they put them in the order they chose. Use this opportunity to introduce specific vocabulary such as, development, aging, growing, and changing. LEP Modification: Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students will need to practice these terms and subsequent vocabulary pronunciations to be able to participate in any speaking activity. Draw or post pictures on board to visualize the human stages of development as they are discussed Elaborate 13 Ask students to think of other animals who change similarly to humans. Discussion should lead to puppies, kittens, and baby birds. Discuss with the class how puppies, kittens, and baby birds differ from adult dogs, cats, and birds. After this discussion, ask students if there is anything that goes through changes different than what we have already talked about. Write answers on chart. Evaluate Papers with pictures attached. Accurate use of vocabulary in discussion. (Do students use the vocabulary correctly during group discussion?) Make anecdotal notes. LEP Modification: For Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students, demonstration and illustration are the best forms of assessment. Other alternatives might include: ordering pictures in an array; receptive assessments, such as pointing to parts named by the teacher; answering Yes/No questions; labeling, or one-word answers. Lesson B TITLE I’m Breaking Out – Animals that hatch from Eggs NCSCOS 1.01 Describe the life cycle of animals including: Birth Developing into an adult Reproducing Aging and death Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: Student will be able to: Utilize appropriate vocabulary to explain the process of birth for animals that hatch from eggs (list of highlighted word in Content Blast) Use recorded data on a calendar to discuss the changes in temperature and humidity in the incubator. CONTENT BLAST All animals go through changes in life. Life cycles begin at birth and changes take place as development toward adulthood occurs. Some 14 animals hatch from eggs. Birds lay eggs. If the eggs are fertile and taken care of they will hatch. The baby chicken almost immediately begins to eat and drink on it own and is not dependent on the parents for support. If the chick reaches adulthood, stages of reproducing occur as does aging and ultimately death. The incubation period of chickens is 21 days. PROCESS SKILLS: Predicting Observing Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS Fertile eggs ( contact local Cooperative Extension Office) Incubator (contact local Cooperative Extension Office) **Incubators and fertile eggs can also be purchased from Carolina Biological Thermometer Water Pencil Calendar LEP Modification: Add a calendar, thermometer, and a picture of an incubator to the realia shelf. {Note to teacher: Prior to this activity, know where you are going to place the incubator in the classroom. It will need to remain in this same spot for the entire time. It will also need to be where it can be plugged in. Set up the incubator a day ahead of time so that you will have time to adjust the temperature. This way it will be warm when students set it up with your help.} While this lesson can be taught using models and pictures it is more effective to use the real thing. Students are amazed at seeing the developing embryo when the egg is candled. They are in awe when the eggs hatch and they see life emerge from the cracked egg. 15 5E LESSON PLAN Engage Bring your eggs to school in a box. Ask students what they think is in the box. You might have to give students clues until they guess eggs. (Hints to give: It is oval shaped. It is white or sometimes brown. People can eat it. It can grow into something. Birds lay them.) Show students the eggs and tell them they are going to watch them develop. Ask the question, “What do you think will hatch from this egg”? Depending on the type of eggs you get, the size helps them determine based on their prior knowledge what will hatch. Explore LEP Modification: Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students should work with a partner for this part of the lesson in order to be successful. Have students work in their groups and decide how they might hatch the eggs you brought in. Do they need to build a nest? Do they need an adult bird? Allow about 10 minutes of discussion and have students write down their ideas on paper. You will need to have students come back together as a group to help with the setting up of the incubator since you will only have one in the classroom. At this pointl ask the students to tell you what the incubator needs to provide for the eggs so they will hatch. List their responses on a chart. Hopefully, with your guidance, they will list things such as heat, moisture, and thermometer. Students can help you set up the incubator by placing the water in the bottom of the unit, marking the eggs for turning, placing the thermometer in the incubator and placing the eggs inside. Since you will only set up one incubator you might want to call on different students to help. As the other students observe they should be thinking about how they will draw their diagram of the incubator in their science notebook and label the parts. First, place the incubator on an even surface where it will need to remain for the next 3½ weeks. Add water to the bottom of the incubator channel or as directed by the manufacturer. Then the wire rack should be placed in 16 the incubator. Lay the thermometer on the rack where the eggs will lay also. Mark an X on one side of each egg and an O on the other side of each egg using a pencil. NOTE: Markers will permeate through the shell and kill the embryo. Place the eggs in the incubator with all the X’s up. Place the cover on the incubator and it should already be plugged in. Check the temperature and make adjustments to keep a steady temperature of 100 degrees. Hopefully you will not need to adjust much since you have already had the incubator plugged in for a day or two to regulate the temperature. LEP Modification: For the EXPLAIN and ELABORATE activities, assign the LEP student a partner to work with for support to assure clear understanding. Be sure any important words for the lesson are posted on a white board or on chart paper to scaffold learning. Explain In nature the mother chicken or the hen lays eggs and sits on them to keep them warm until they hatch. Only fertile eggs will hatch. The eggs you buy in the grocery store will not hatch. We are using an incubator that will keep the eggs warm. The mother chicken also turns the eggs during the day so we will have to do this twice a day for the next 19 days. Since we cannot open the eggs we will look inside them with a light to check on our babies. This is called candling. Candle the eggs this first day and record on a chart what, if anything, you can see. Whether anything is visible at this time will depend on the developmental stages of the chick. Elaborate You will candle the eggs each week up until the 18th day. At that time you will not candle or turn the eggs any more. Continue to record on the chart the development which is observed. You can use a simple calendar that is copied for each student. The eggs should be turned each morning and each afternoon. This is something you can get students to do if you feel they are responsible enough to do so. Some years they can and other they can’t. Keep a chart that is initialed each time the eggs are turned. Again a calendar beside the incubator will work well. You might want to assign students certain days to take care of this. Do not worry that they are not turned on the weekends. The eggs should be okay. 17 You can also keep a chart of the temperature and humidity in the incubator each day on a calendar. Include a calendar in their science notebook to record daily readings. This way students will get practice reading a thermometer and recording data. While waiting for the eggs to hatch have student’s research different types of birds and the size eggs they lay. Compare the sizes of eggs. They can make books that show eggs from the smallest to the largest and label a drawing of the egg to scale with the name of the bird that lays the egg. This book can be a simple folded accordion style book. Students need to set up a brooder box for the chicks when they hatch. Place birdcage paper in the bottom of the box. Sprinkle some pine shavings in the bottom. Clip the light to the side of the box and angle it into the box to keep the babies warm. Provide water and food for the chicks. (Hint: Place marbles in a shallow water dish. This will prevent the chicks from drowning). Evaluate Accurate reading of thermometer Recording data on a calendar Egg size book and research Use of vocabulary that was introduced in the lessons LEP Modification: The Evaluate section of this lesson may require alternatives to discussion. Those alternatives might include: ordering pictures in an array; receptive assessments, such as pointing to parts named by the teacher; answering Yes/No questions; labeling, or oneword answers. Lesson C TITLE Frog eggs to Frog legs Life cycle of the frog. NCSCOS 1.01 Describe the life cycle of animals including: Birth Developing into an adult 18 Reproducing Aging and death Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: The student will be able to: Name and label the stages in the frog life cycle. Write two or three facts about a frog species. CONTENT BLAST All animals go through changes in life. Life cycles begin at birth and changes take place as development toward adulthood occurs. Stages of reproducing occur as does aging and ultimately death when the cycle begins again. Some animals hatch from eggs. Unlike chicken eggs, frog eggs are laid and hatch in water since they are amphibians. PROCESS SKILLS Predicting Observing Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS Frog eggs (Carolina Biological or sometimes you can find them in ponds) Observation aquariums (small clear plastic containers) Spring Water (purchased at the grocery store) Tadpole food (Carolina Biological or local pet stores) Hand Lens (Determine the number of groups you will have your student work in and plan on materials for each group). LEP Modification: Add a hand lens and an “aquarium” to the realia shelf and label them. Any vocabulary critical to this lesson should be posted. 5E LESSON PLAN Engage Bring in frog eggs. What do you think these eggs will become? When the eggs hatch where will they live? Discuss why they think they will be certain 19 animals. Make a list of the animals students give you. Classify the types of animals students give in categories such as egg layers or live birth if necessary. You may need to classify as eggs laid in water, eggs laid on land or in a nest Explore Divide students into groups. Have each group make observation of the eggs in their container. They will need to label containers with their group name to be identified at a later date. Students observe eggs and make recordings in their science notebooks. As you move from group to group ask questions to probe further thinking. Allow students about 15 to 20 minutes to observe and discuss their findings. They will need to be reminded to make entries in their science notebooks. Make sure they draw the eggs and label the parts. LEP Modification: Group and partner activities are good ways to support the LEP student for observations and recording data. Illustrating and labeling are also excellent activities. Discussion may be limited to oneword answers or receptive assessment where the teacher asks the student to point to the frog eggs. Use graphic organizers (T-charts, Venn Diagrams, etc) to support visualization and comprehension during comparison activities. Explain In nature frogs lay eggs in shallow water. The classroom habitat will almost be the same except on a smaller scale. Discuss with students that water needs to be replaced using spring water and not water from the tap since it is purified. The chemicals will kill the eggs and the tadpoles will not hatch. Students will observe the eggs daily until they hatch. When they hatch the process of metamorphosis continues as we observe the transformation into frogs. The different stages include: egg, tadpole, and frog. Discuss what students have learned during their observations and allow them to share entries in science notebooks. Question children about their observations. Make predictions about how long the process of metamorphosis will take for frogs. It will take approximately 10 - 11 weeks. LEP Modification: Student should work with a partner and write two or three facts about their species. Allow students the use of visuals (realia, charts, graphic organizers, etc.) from lesson to help generate ideas for writing. 20 Elaborate After the cycle is complete students can make paper plate life cycles for frogs. (Directions are attached) Research species of frogs and submit a report. You could have students choose a frog species and provide the common name, the scientific name, the habitat in which this species lives. They can also provide two or three facts about their species. Another alternative to this lesson is to purchase the complete frog life cycle from the Grow a Frog company. It includes the frogs at each stage of development for students to observe. When time is limited this might be the best possibility. One set can be purchased and placed on a cart and the cart can be rotated throughout the grade level. Additional activities can be placed on the cart as well to include reading, writing, and math. Worksheets can be made interactive by laminating and using Velcro in place of gluing and dry erase markers in place of pencils. Make a set of six for center activities. Evaluate Science Notebook Use of Vocabulary introduced in the lesson as well as previously introduced inquiry vocabulary Research reports LEP Modification: Use of vocabulary will be limited for the Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP student. Accept one-word answers or short phrases, and illustrations. Lesson D TITLE What does it need? Setting up a habitat for a living creature (Mealworms) NCSCOS 1.02: Observe that insects need food, air, and space to grow. Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: Student will be able to: Tell what animals need to live. Describe and label a diagram of a habitat. 21 CONTENT BLAST All animals need a place to live, food, and water. These places are called habitats. Different animals live in different places. Insects can live in many places including the grass, the ground, or in water. Fish live in water. Frogs live in water and then on land. In nature animals have to compete with other animals for food. As pets or in captivity animals are fed by their owners. PROCESS SKILLS Predicting Observing Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS Plastic Cups (one for each student) Permanent marker Wheat bran, oatmeal or wheat germ Potato or Apple Mealworms Hand Lens Insect Adoption Certificate for each student (attached) 5E LESSON PLAN LEP Modification: Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students should work with a partner for this entire lesson to ensure support and correct completion of activities. Illustrate vocabulary words. Engage Ask the question, What do all animals need in order to live and grow?” List answers on board or on chart paper. After students have given you a list make sure they have included food, air, and space. Tell students they are going to adopt an insect but they will need to set up a place for this insect to live. Tell them this place is called a habitat. Ask students, What will this 22 insect need to survive? Have them write their prediction in their mealworm booklet. (The “My Mealworm” booklet format is attached. This booklet will be used for the following lesson also and throughout the life cycle study of the mealworm). Explore Provide students with the materials they need to set up a habitat to observe a mealworm for several weeks. Place the materials on a table in a buffet style and students gather the materials they need when needed. Students should assemble the habitat by using materials you provide to make sure they are not doing anything that will harm the mealworm. IYou will probably prefer to give them access to the materials for safety and time constraint issues rather than let them decide what is needed so you are not purchasing off the wall materials. If you provide cups, lids are optional since the insect will not be able to get out of the cup. If you use lids they will need to punch hole in the lid for air by using a push pin. After habitats are set up let students choose a mealworm. At this time, I allow them to observe the mealworm using a hand lens. They also give their mealworm a name and sign an adoption certificate (located in the resource section of this unit). Allow students to make observations and make entries in their journal. Put all mealworms in their habitat and place in a safe place, but where students can check on them daily and record observations in science notebook. Explain After entries in the mealworm booklet are complete come together as a group to discuss findings and observations. Have students share the diagrams they drew in the booklet. The diagram should be of the habitat and labeling of the specific parts included. Talk about what animals need to live and grow. Air, water, and food are essential. They also need a space to live or habitat. This is sometimes a good time to read a book and talk about what they have learned about insects. LEP Modification: Drawing and labeling are excellent activities for LEP students to show comprehension of content. Be sure to have spellings of vocabulary posted. 23 Elaborate The mealworm booklet includes different activities to do with the mealworm as this inquiry into its life cycle progresses. Lesson F goes into the details of the lesson on the life cycle of the mealworm. Each week we do one of the lessons in the book and students have a guide to take home at the end of the project. Ask students to think of different habitats for animals. Show them pictures of animals and ask them to name the habitat in which that particular animal would live. I would suggest you get pictures or animals native to your particular area. These could be cut from magazines or retrieved from the internet and printed. Laminate them for future lessons. Make sure you have word labels for each picture. LEP Modification: Labeled visuals of different habitats would support this activity. Examples could be: nests in trees, burrows underground, habitats inside fallen trees, lairs in woods, or caves. Use graphic EP organizers for comparing habitats. Evaluate Verbal answers given during discussion Accurate set up of habitat LEP Modification: Evaluation of this lesson may require alternatives to discussion. Those alternatives might include: ordering pictures in an array; receptive assessments, such as pointing to parts named by the teacher; answering Yes/No questions; labeling, or oneword answers. Lesson E Follow that Bug! NCSCOS 1.02: Observe that insects need food, air, and space to grow. Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: Student will be able to: Illustrate and describe observations of an animal in its natural habitat. 24 CONTENT BLAST Insects in nature live in different environments. They can live in the ground, in the grass, in trees and even in water. All insects need food, water, and adequate space to grow. PROCESS SKILLS Predicting Observing Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS Observation frames (yarn and 4 nails) {Teacher Notes: Tie a 4 foot piece of yarn together. Use the nails to form Clipboard Paper Pencil Hand Lens {Teacher Notes: You will need these materials for each student or each pair/group of students depending on what works best for you and your class.} 5E LESSON PLAN LEP Modification: Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students will understand content material better if they work in pairs or small groups. Engage Tell students they are going on a nature walk around the school. Their job is to select a location in an area designated by you in which they will observe the activity of a one foot square area. Ask students, “Where do you think the best place is to observe insects in their natural habitat”? After they have selected a place show them how to set up observation frames. {Teacher Notes: Students can work individually, in pairs or in groups.} Allow students 5 or 10 minutes to select their spot and 10 – 20 minutes for 25 observations. Make sure students understand that they will need to observe only the place they select. They may not move to other areas. Explore After students have set up their frame allow them 10 – 20 minutes to observe the area they chose. Encourage them to make notes and drawings about their observations. As they make observations, ask questions to promote thinking and discussion. Encourage students to make notes and drawing about their observations. If they do not see anything ask, “Why do you think there are no insects in this location”? “Would there have been a better place”? “Where would that place be”? LEP Modification: The Explain and Evaluate sections of this lesson may require alternatives to discussion. Those alternatives might include: ordering pictures in an array; receptive assessments, such as pointing to parts named by the teacher; answering Yes/No questions; labeling, or one-word answers. Explain As a group students should discuss their findings. They will need to tell others what they did or did not see in the space they selected. Have them share some ideas about what they did or did not see during their observation. You may need to guide the discussion towards the behavior issues. Creatures in their natural habitat behave differently in that they do not stay in the same place. They are constantly moving. Did you observe any insects in your space? Why do you think your place did or did not have insects? Elaborate Make a grid on the patio using sidewalk chalk. Mark each section of the grid using number and letters. Toss bean bags at different sections and mark the grid it lands in. Is the bean bag in the same location each time? As with insects the location changes as the insects move from place to place. By labeling the grid ABC and 123 you can pull in math activities as well. This is an enrichment activity to help students make the connection between the insect moving from place to place in nature. You can use bean bags such as beanie babies in the shape of lady bugs, butterflies, etc. Evaluate Science Notebook entries 26 Class discussions Mealworm Quiz (attached) Lesson F TITLE Life cycle of the Mealworm NCSCOS 1.03 Observe the different stages of an insect life cycle. Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: The student will be able to: Name and label the stages in the mealworm life cycle. Compare and contrast the life cycle of the mealworm to another animal that undergoes metamorphosis. CONTENT BLAST Insects go through different stages of development. The mealworm goes through four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, adult. The adult darkling beetle lays eggs. The eggs are so small they cannot be see with the naked eye. From the egg a tiny wormlike creature hatches. The mealworm is not a worm, it is the larva stage of the darkling beetle. As the mealworm grows it sheds it skin. This is called molting. The molting is a result of the growth and the fact that the mealworm has an exoskeleton. At maturity in the larva stage the mealworm changes into the pupa stage. During this state the insect does not eat or move around. It is beginning an amazing transformation into the darkling beetle. The darkling beetle matures and lays eggs in which the cycle begins again. PROCESS SKILLS Predicting Observing 27 Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS Mealworm habitats from previous lesson with selected mealworms Potato or Apple Meal (Wheat Germ, Oatmeal, and/or Unprocessed Wheat Bran) Hand Lens Observation trays (or paper plates) Measuring Tape Mealworm booklet started in previous lesson on setting up a habitat 5E LESSON PLAN LEP Modification: For this entire lesson, the Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP student should work with a partner or small group to help complete activities, especially the computer research. Engage Pose the questions for Science Journal “What will my mealworm turn into?” Give students time to make predictions and write and draw in their mealworm booklets. Introduce the word metamorphosis to the children. Explain to them that this insect will go through complete metamorphosis. Ask them if they know any other insects that go through complete metamorphosis. Explore Allow students time to observe their mealworm and make entries in their booklets for that days lesson. Talk with students as you observe this inquiry phase of the lesson. They will need to be reminded to make entries in their booklets. Allowing at least 30 minutes of observation gives students a chance to experiment and interact with the mealworm and make the necessary observations. You will need to guide these observations and make sure students stay on task, do not abuse the mealworm, and remind them to record observations. Explain 28 Mealworms are the larva stage of the darkling beetle. This insect goes through complete metamorphosis. The first stage is the egg. The darkling beetle lays hundreds of eggs. The eggs hatch into the mealworm which is the larva stage. While in this stage the mealworm sheds or molts several times. It has to shed its skin as it grows. The third stage of development is the pupa stage. During the pupa stage the insect is undergoing an amazing transformation. At this time it is not moving around or eating. The fourth stage of development is the adult. In the adult stage the darkling beetle emerges from the pupa stage. This is when the cycle begins again. After laying eggs the beetle dies. Elaborate You might want to have students research to find other animals that go through complete metamorphosis. This would be a good time to search on the internet during a computer class. A handout for recording information can be found at the end of this unit. Evaluate Science Notebooks (You may want to develop a rubric appropriate for your classroom) Evaluation of research Evaluation of student booklets Use of vocabulary in their journal Accurate diagram in booklets and representations of the life cycle. Drawings should be scientific not cute cartoon insects. LEP Modification: The LEP student, especially Entering, Beginning, and Developing levels, may use illustrations and label them. Vocabulary will be limited to one-word answers or phrases. Explicitly teach and define metamorphosis. Lesson G Lifecycle of the Cricket NCSCOS 1.03 Observe the different stages of an insect life cycle. Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: The student will be able to: Name and label the stages of the cricket life cycle. 29 Write about characteristicds of bugs. CONTENT BLAST Crickets go through 3 stages of development. The adult female cricket lays 50 to 100 eggs. The eggs hatch in about 2 weeks. When the eggs hatch the cricket is about the same size of the egg. During the next few weeks the nymph cricket will molt as it grows. It takes about 8 to 12 weeks for the cricket to become an adult. The adults live about two to three months in the wild but in captivity the life span is much shorter. PROCESS SKILLS Predicting Observing Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS Crickets Hand lens Bubble map Containers with lids Cornmeal Cotton Balls Index Cards 5E LESSON PLAN Engage Read The Very Quiet Cricket by Eric Carle. This book makes the chirping sound of the cricket at the end. Ask students which insect they think they will be studying next. Talk about crickets. As students name what they know about crickets list their answers on a bubble map. Explore 30 Give each student the materials needed to set up a habitat for their crickets. Place several crickets in the container for students to observe. Provide hand lens for students to use during observation time. Allow students time to observe the behaviors of the crickets for about 30 minutes. During this time they should be making notes about what they are observing. Have students write their observations on index cards. LEP Modification: For Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students, notetaking will be limited to one word or a short phrase. A partner can help with the unfamiliar vocabulary or the teacher can provide a pre-drawn outline for notetaking.. Explain After giving time for observation, students should comeback together as a whole group to discuss their findings. Using a pocket chart, magnetic clips or tape to post index cards to the board group like responses together. Ask students to clarify explanations when necessary. LEP Modification: To include Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students in this activity, they could work with a partner to write and post index cards. They may be able to give a one word response or a phrase. Elaborate As an integration of Language Arts using student observations (index cards) on crickets, give students prompts to write imaginative stories such as: Write a story about a bug who wants to be a movie star. Write a story about a bug that goes to school. Use your imagination; the possibilities are endless. LEP Modification: Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students can illustrate a story about a bug that goes to school. Accept labeling or short phrases; such as, “on bus”, “in class”. Students will need spelling support, or the teacher can accept invented spelling. Teachers can provide a story frame or drawing board to guide students as they use taught vocabulary to create a story. Evaluate Notes on index cards Group discussion Participation 31 LEP Modification: The Evaluate section of this lesson may require alternatives to discussion. Those alternatives might include: ordering pictures in an array; receptive assessments, such as pointing to parts named by the teacher; answering Yes/No questions; labeling, or oneL word answers. Lesson H TITLE Butterflies Flutter By NCSCOS 1.03 Observe the different stages of an insect life cycle. Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: The student will be able to: Name and label the stages of the butterfly cycle. Label the parts of a butterfly. CONTENT BLAST Butterflies go through 4 stages of development. The life cycle begins with an egg. Eggs hatch into a caterpillar and this stage is called the larva stages. After a rapid growth the caterpillar goes into the pupa stages. During this stage the pupa is in the chrysalis and beginning an amazing transformation. The adult or butterfly emerges from the chrysalis. Clarification is sometimes needed for chrysalis and cocoon. This process is called metamorphosis. If you have previously studied the life cycle of the mealworm, students should be familiar with metamorphosis. PROCESS SKILLS Predicting Observing Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS Butterfly culture (Carolina Biological) 32 When caterpillars are purchased they are provided within a culture in which their food supply is in the container with the caterpillars. Instructions are sent with the culture and you should follow these directions. Butterfly habitat (Carolina Biological or local teacher supply store) Cotton balls Dropper Sugar Water 5E LESSON PLAN Engage Tell students they are going to observe another insect’s life cycle. You may want to give them hints such as this insect flies when it is an adult and crawls in the larva stages. It also goes through four stages of development. Show them the butterfly cultures. Explore This lesson can be taught using a culture per student or per group depending on budget constraints. It is usually done using a single culture in my class, and I set up centers. Center 1 – The Butterfly Culture Center 2 - Research guides for butterflies (although research guides cannot be used independently by second grade students they are great to expose and enrich the learning for students. Second graders will definitely need help with this center. You can have a parent volunteer come to help.) Center 3 – Make life cycle plates Center 4 – Butterfly parts and labels Center 5 – Books about butterflies Center 1 – Materials Butterfly Culture Butterfly Habitat Hand Lenses Paper Pencils 33 Crayons Student will be given time to observe the caterpillars as they eat. Encourage students to draw what they observe on small sheets of paper. They should color their drawings as they see it, not in imaginary colors. Tell them their drawings need to be scientific. During a later observation students my be able to see the caterpillar in the j-shape as they prepare to go in to the chrysalis stage. This center can be used weekly until the butterflies emerge. LEP Modification: An activity coupling observation and illustration is an excellent activity for LEP students. Center 2 – Materials Research Guides for Butterflies (Peterson or Audubon work well) Research Sheet (attached) Pencils Crayons Students will look in research guides to find out information about butterflies. They will fill in the information the sheet and draw a scientific drawing of the butterfly they have chosen to research. LEP Modification: The LEP student should do Centers 2 and 3 with a partner or a small group. Center 3 – Materials Paper Plates Markers Pasta (couscous, small elbows, rotini, bow tie) White glue In this center students will create a paper plate life cycle of the butterfly. A photo is shown in this unit. Instruction sheets for students to read and follow directions are attached. You will want to copy several and laminate for durability. LEP Modification: Doing this Center with a partner will ensure that the directions from the instruction sheet are understood and followed. Make 34 sure to have a model for students to check their work. Center 4 – In this center students will label the parts of the butterfly. The sheet is attached. You can make several copies, glue to construction paper and laminate. The part labels (attached) are laminated also. After they have been laminated, attach Velcro dots so students can easily label the parts by attaching the labels. You can also have on hand a supply of handouts in which students can copy the part names on and color the butterfly. Remind them to color scientifically. The parts can also be observed when the butterflies emerge or with pictures from the research guides. LEP Modification: Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students will need a labeled poster/picture/diagram to use as a reference. Center 5 – This center is more of a reading area. Students can choose various books both fiction and non-fiction, for reading. You can put this center at a rug with a lamp and pillows to make it cozy. LEP Modification: Have books available at LEP student’s reading level. Explain Butterflies are amazing insects. 1. What are the stages of the butterfly life cycle? 2. What did you observe? 3. What parts of the butterfly did you observe? Their life cycle is reasonably quick so students can see results soon. LEP Modification: Students should be able to answer questions 1 and 3 on their own, even non-verbally [e.g. Point to the egg stage of the life cycle.] Students may also illustrate their answers, or arrange pictures in the proper sequence. Elaborate 35 This lesson can be done with a variety of insects such as lady bugs or mosquitoes. You could ask students to investigate and find other insects native to their area, and they could find out more information about changes. Evaluate Butterfly Life Cycle Test OR LEP MODIFIED TEST(attached) Discussion Participation Center activities LEP Modification: LEP students should complete all center activities with modifications as needed. LEP Modification: The Evaluate section of this lesson may require alternatives to discussion. Those alternatives might include: ordering pictures in an array; receptive assessments, such as pointing to parts named by the teacher; answering Yes/No questions; labeling, or oneword answers. Lesson I TITLE All insects but different NCSCOS 1.04 Compare and contrast life cycles of other animals such as mealworms, ladybugs, crickets, guppies, or frogs. Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: The student will be able to: Compare and contrast mealworms and crickets by arranging cards in a Venn diagram and discussing with a partner. CONTENT BLAST All animals go through some type of life cycle. Not all will go through metamorphosis. In some life cycles, such as humans, the young are born 36 live. They grow and change over time but do not become something else such as frogs or butterflies. Animal life cycles differ. Comparisons of the difference in life cycles include the stages of development for the specific species. Insects hatch from eggs. Some will change into something entirely different while others will grow to adulthood and become a larger version of the hatchling. PROCESS SKILLS Predicting Observing Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS Mealworms Crickets Bug boxes (or clear cups, plastic wrap, rubber bands) Hand Lens Hula Hoops Index cards or cut sentence strips Markers 5E LESSON PLAN Engage Review prior lessons on mealworms and crickets by engaging students in discussions about what they have learned about each. This is a great time to review vocabulary and make sure students are using vocabulary correctly in their responses. You will be using vocabulary that you have introduced to you students in other lessons. Tell students they are going to compare the cricket and the mealworm. They are going to see how they are alike and different. LEP Modification: Review of vocabulary is excellent and very important to LEP students. Their content vocabulary knowledge and English language proficiency level will affect their degree of participation in discussions. The teacher could ask them to point to something or arrange pictures in a proper sequence. 37 Explore Each group of students will observe a cricket and a mealworm. They will create a Venn diagram comparing the two insects. Have each group use sentences strips to write information about the insects and place in the appropriate area of the Venn diagram. As student work within their groups observe and monitor discussions among group members. Allow students at least 30 minutes to observe and write information on cards. You may need to guide some students in writing and placement of cards in Venn diagram. LEP Modification: For the Venn diagram, have students write the word “same” in the area where the two circles intersect, and/or have them lightly shade the area with a colored pencil. Explain Although different insects change in different ways during their life cycle each life cycle ultimately includes birth and death. How are lifecycles different? How are they alike? LEP Modification: Allow Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students to answer with a word or phrase, or answer by pointing to picture. Elaborate Have groups circulate to different Venn diagrams and explain or present their findings to the other groups. This lesson can be done comparing different insects as needed in your classroom. They can also make comparisons with insects and spiders since there are a lot of misconceptions about the two being insects. LEP Modification: Students should be paired with a partner for this activity. The LEP student’s explanation could be limited to single words or phrases, or the LEP student can point to the correct information while a partner does the reading. Evaluate Use of vocabulary in discussion. Written responses on note cards Placement of note cards in Venn diagrams LEP Modification: Students should be able to place the cards correctly in the Venn diagrams. LEP Modification: This section of the lesson may require alternatives to38 discussion. Those alternatives might include: ordering pictures in an array; receptive assessments, such as pointing to parts named by the teacher; answering Yes/No questions; labeling, or Lesson J TITLE Swimming is for me NCSCOS 1.04 Compare and contrast life cycles of other animals such as mealworms, ladybugs, crickets, guppies, or frogs. Language (ELP) Objectives for LEP students: The student will be able to : Demonstrate understanding of the similarities and differences between the frog and fish life cycles by discussing and arranging cards in a Venn diagram. CONTENT BLAST Animal life cycles differ. Comparisons of the difference in life cycles can be observed in different species. Fish hatch from eggs as do amphibians and reptiles. Fish live their entire lives in water while amphibians move from land to water. PROCESS SKILLS Predicting as Observing Classifying Inferring Communicating MATERIALS Frogs (Carolina Biological or collected in the wild) Fish (local pet shop) Clear containers 39 Hand Lens Hula Hoops Index cards or cut sentence strips Markers 5E LESSON PLAN Engage Review prior lessons on frogs and fish life cycles by engaging students in discussions about what they have learned about each. This is a great time to review vocabulary and make sure students are using vocabulary correctly in their responses. Tell students they are going to compare the frog and the fish. They are going to see how they are alike and different. E LEP Modification: Review of vocabulary is very important to LEP students. Their content vocabulary knowledge and English proficiency levels will determine their degree of participation in discussions. They may need to be asked to go and point to something rather than give an oral answer. Explore Each group of students will observe a frog and a fish. They will create a Venn diagram comparing the two animals. Have each group use sentences strips to write information about the insects and place in the appropriate area of the Venn diagram. As students work within their groups observe and monitor discussions among group members. Allow students at least 30 minutes to observe and write information on cards. You may need to guide some students in writing and placement of cards in Venn diagram. Explain Have students come together as a group and discuss observations. Students will need to decide where the card will be placed in the Venn diagram. You may need to guide students in placing the information in the proper place. LEP Modification: Allow Entering, Beginning, and Developing LEP students to answer with a word or phrase, or answer receptively by pointing to a picture. Provide LEP students with labeled pictures to help with vocabulary recall. 40 Elaborate Have groups circulate to different Venn diagrams and explain or present their findings to the other groups. This lesson can be expanded to compare other animals as needed in your classroom. (frogs and guppies, lady bugs and mosquitoes) LEP Modification: The LEP student can point to the correct information while a partner does the reading. Evaluate Use of vocabulary in discussion Written responses on note cards Placement of note cards in Venn diagrams LEP Modification: Students should be able to place the cards correctly in the Venn diagrams. LEP Modification: This section of the lesson may require alternatives to discussion. Those alternatives might include: ordering pictures in an array; receptive assessments, such as pointing to parts named by the teacher; answering Yes/No questions; labeling, or one-word answers. 41 Butterfly Research Name: _____________________ Choose a butterfly. Answer the following questions about this particular butterfly. You will need to draw the butterfly and color it scientifically. 1. What is the name of your butterfly? ___________________ ____________________________________________________ 2. Where does your butterfly live? ______________________ ____________________________________________________ 3. What size is the wingspan of your butterfly?_____________ Draw a diagram of your butterfly. 42 Life Cycle of the Butterfly Materials Paper Plate (Can also be adapted to use a compass and construction paper. Students draw the circles using a compass and cut it out.) Pasta (couscous, small elbows, twisty, bowtie) Label pastas with names. Markers Glue 1. Take one paper plate or circle. Fold it in half where it looks like a taco. Unfold it and then fold it the opposite way. You will have the plate divided into fourths. Trace the fold line in each direction using a marker. Model these steps for LEP students. 2. Label the top left section “eggs”. Label the top right section “larva. Label the bottom right section pupa. Label the bottom left section adult. 3. In the eggs section draw leaves and color them using the markers. Glue a few pieces of couscous pasta on one of the leaves to represent the eggs. 4. In the larva section again draw leaves and color them using markers. Glue elbow pasta to one of the leaves to represent the caterpillar. 5. In the adult section of the plate draw a background and color with the markers. Glue bowtie pasta to represent the butterfly. Use the marker to decorate the wings. Remember the butterfly is symmetrical. (It looks the same on both sides of its body). 43 Frog Life Cycle Paper Plates Materials Plain white paper plate for each student Black Stamp Pad Green Stamp Pad Markers Directions 1. Fold paper plate into four parts. 2. Section 1 have students draw eggs and label. 3. Section 2 students stamp finger prints using black ink and draw a tail. Label tadpole. 4. Section 3 students stamp finger prints using black ink and draw a short tail and add legs. Label this section froglets. 5. Stamp finger prints using green ink as shown here pinky thumb 6. Add detail using markers. 44 Insect Adoption Certificate ______________________________________ Adopted by ___________________________ I promise to take very good care of the above named mealworm while I watch it grow and go through the process of metamorphosis. ________________________ _________________________ Student Signature Date Insect Adoption Certificate ______________________________________ Adopted by ___________________________ I promise to take very good care of the above named mealworm while I watch it grow and go through the process of metamorphosis. ________________________ Student Signature _________________________ Date 45 Insect Adoption Certificate ______________________________________ Adopted by ___________________________ I promise to take very good care of the above named mealworm while I watch it grow and go through the process of metamorphosis. ________________________ _________________________ Student Signature Date Name: _________________________ Date: __________________ Complete Metamorphosis Think about the life cycle of the mealworm. Research on the computer other animals that go through complete metamorphosis. Record the information you find in the chart below. Animal Stages of Development Draw a picture of this stage 46 47 By: ______________________ 48 Day ____ This is a diagram of my mealworm’s habitat. Label the diagram. Glue Adoption Certificate here My mealworm’s name is:______________. My mealworm lives in ________________ __________________________________. My mealworm needs: ________________ __________________________________. I predict my mealworm will become a ____ __________________________________. 49 Day _____ Day _____ This is a drawing of my mealworm. Label each part of the mealworm. This is a drawing of the pupa stage. Label each part. My mealworm is: _______________. My mealworm has/has not changed. My mealworm measures: ____ centimeters. My mealworm is: _______________ My mealworm has ______ segments. _____________________________. 50 Mealworm Experiments What I tried 1 drop of water What the mealworm did Shining a light Gentle puff of air Touching 51 Things I know about mealworms ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 52 53 Name: ________________________ Date: _________________ Mealworm Quiz 1. How many legs does a mealworm have? _____________________ 2. The mealworm is the larva stage of the: a. butterfly b. darkling beetle c. grasshopper 3. List the four stages of the life cycle of the mealworm. 1. _________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________ 4. Does the mealworm undergo complete metamorphosis? a. yes b. no 5. A mealworm has ______ antennae. a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 6. What does a mealworm eat? a. grain b. wood c. leaves 54 7. A mealworm is: a. a worm b. an insect c. an amphibian 8. List the three body parts of the darkling beetle. 1. ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ 3. ______________________________ 9. What type of skeleton does the darkling beetle have? a. internal skeleton b. exoskeleton 10. The darkling beetle has ______ legs. a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 LEP Test Modification: The teacher should also shorten the test so that the LEP student does not have as many questions to answer. This can be done quickly and easily by using a highlighter to circle the question numbers that the teacher wants the LEP student to answer. 55 Insert Butterfly Quiz here LEP Test Modification: The teacher should also shorten the test so that the LEP student does not have as many questions to answer. This can be done quickly and easily by using a highlighter to circle the question numbers that the teacher wants the LEP student to answer. 56 Interactive Computer Assessments and Activities Link http://www.vtaide.com/png/assess.htm#LifeCycles 57 References www.enchantedlearning.com Foss North Carolina Cooperative Extension Office http://www.vtaide.com/png/assess.htm#LifeCycles 58