УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2 Англ.
Д-20
Даричева М.В. Практикум по английскому языку для студентовдизайнеров: Практикум / М.В. Даричева. – Н.Новгород: НГПУ, 2012. – 34 с.
Практикум предназначен для проведения практических занятий по
английскому языку у студентов 2, 3 курсов, очной формы обучения,
специальности 072500.62 Дизайн, а также у студентов 2 курса, очной формы
обучения, специальности 051000.62 Профессиональное обучение (Дизайн).
Данное
пособие
содержит
задания,
способствующие
усвоению
профессионально-иноязычного лексического материала и закреплению умений
профессионально-ориентированного чтения, письма и говорения.
© Даричева М.В., 2012
© НГПУ, 2012
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Данный практикум содержит подборку текстов по темам «Стили
искусства»
и
«Виды
послетекстовых
дизайна»,
упражнений,
а
также
которые
систему
предтекстовых
обеспечивают
и
эффективное
практическое овладение иностранным языком. Все задания способствуют
достижению основных целей обучения иностранному языку студентовдизайнеров, а именно расширение профессионально-иноязычного тезауруса,
развитие
навыков
и
умений
чтения
и
перевода
профессионально-
ориентированной литературы, развитие профессионально-иноязычной устной
речи. Содержание пособия соответствует утвержденным рабочим программам
по предмету «Иностранный язык» с учетом специфики неязыкового вуза.
3
1. ART STYLES
1. Read and translate the words
Abstractionism / abstract art
Gothic
The antique
Hi-tech
Art Deco
Impressionism
Art Nouveau
Minimalism
The baroque
Modernism
Classicism
Pop Art
Constructivism
Realism
Cubism
The Renaissance
Eclecticism
Romanticism
Empire
Rococo
Futurism
The Romanesque style
2. Complete the definitions by using the words from exercise 1
1) … - an artistic movement begun in Italy in 1909, which strongly rejected
traditional forms and embraced the energy and dynamism of modern
technology. Launched by Filippo Marinetti, it had effectively ended by 1918
but was widely influential, particularly in Russia on figures such as Malevich
and Mayakovsky.
2) … - a style of painting, which began in France in the 1860s, in which the
artist tries to represent the effects of light on an object, person, area of
countryside, etc.
3) … - art that does not attempt to represent external, recognizable reality but
seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures.
4) … - a type of modern art that started in the 1960s and uses images and
objects from ordinary life.
4
5) … - the heavily decorated style in buildings, art and music that was popular
in Europe in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th century.
6) … - a style of decoration that was especially popular in the 1930s and uses
simple shapes and lines and strong colours.
7) … - a style of building which was common in Europe between the 12th and
the 16th centuries, and which has pointed arches and windows, high ceilings
and tall, thin columns.
8) … - a style of art, music and literature that was common in Europe in the
late 18th and early 19th centuries, which describes the beauty of nature and
emphasizes the importance of human emotions.
9) … - a style in painting, sculpture and building, based on particular standards
in Greek and Roman art, which was especially popular during the 18th and
19th centuries in Europe.
10) … - a style or movement in the arts that aims to depart significantly from
classical and traditional forms.
11) … - a movement in sculpture and painting which arose in the 1950s,
characterized by the use of simple, massive forms.
12) … - a style of modern art in which an object or person is shown as a set of
geometric shapes and as if seen from many different angles at the same time.
13) … - the revival of European art and literature under the influence of
classical models in the 14th-16th centuries.
14) … - a style (chiefly in architecture and interior design) that uses materials,
such as steel, glass, and plastic, that are associated with industrial use.
15) … - an artistic or literary movement or style characterized by the
representation of people or things as they actually are.
3. Define the style of the following objects of art and architecture. Use
your ideas and the definitions of art styles and explain your choice
5
I think that the building is constructed in the style of … , because … .
I think that the picture is painted in the style of … , because … .
Example:
Cubism - a style of modern art in which an object or person is shown as a set
of geometric shapes and as if seen from many different angles at the same time.
I think that the picture is painted in the style of cubism, because the object (the
person) is shown as a set of geometric shapes.
1)
2)
3)
4)
6
5)
6)
3. Choose any art style and describe it using the following phrases:
 … appeared in the… century
 it covered the period of … years (centuries)
 … was a trend (tendency) in fine arts (literature, architecture) in the … century
 the representatives of this style are/were …
 the representatives of the style use/used …
 the best traditions of the style are/were …
 the most expressive evidence of the style is …
 architectural models designed in the style are …
 the striking example(s) of this style in painting (literature, sculpture,
architecture) is (are) …
 characteristic properties / typical features of the style are …
 the style affirms principles of …
 the style is connected with …
 … distinguish(es) / characterize(s) this style
7
2. READING
Text 1
Pretext exercises
1. Read the following words. Mind their meaning
treatise
трактат
device
средство
immediate
непосредственный, немедленный
comprehension
понимание
ribbed
ребристый, рифленый
austere
строгий, простой, чистый
perfection
безупречность, совершенство
transept
поперечный неф
lantern
фонарь верхнего света
spectator
зритель, очевидец
length
длина
width
ширина
height
высота
2. Read the following verbs. Pay attention to the principal forms
to succeed ( - ed; - ed) следовать за чем-либо, наследовать
to evolve ( - ed; - ed) развиваться
to derive ( - ed; - ed) происходить
to find (found; found) находить
to cause ( - ed; - ed) вызывать, являться результатом
to encourage ( - ed; - ed) ободрять, поощрять, поддерживать
to become (became; become) становиться
to assume ( - ed; - ed) принимать, предполагать
to demolish ( - ed; - ed) разрушать, сносить
8
3. Find proper translation to the following words
style, classical, dominant, to characterize, order, arch, symmetrical, harmony,
composition, proportion, human, perspective, expression, mass, interior, exterior, element,
to formulate, column, portion, sphere, manner, façade, plan, altar, diameter, motif
4. Choose the proper English word
1) средство
a) style
b) device
c) composition
2) зритель
a) spectator
b) interior
c) successor
3) ширина
a) diameter
b) width
c) height
4) понимание
a) portion
b) manner c) comprehension
5) трактат
a) treatise
b) motif
c) order
6) длина
a) exterior
b) length
c) perspective
7) поперечный неф
a) pilaster
b) sphere
c) transept
5. Find English equivalents for the following Russian words
A непосредственный, строгий, ребристый, развиваться, вызывать,
происходить, предполагать, наследовать, разрушать, поддерживать
В to assume, to encourage, ribbed, to demolish, to derive, immediate, to
succeed, to evolve, austere, to cause
6. Form all possible word combinations
A
architectural
B
buildings
classical
element
ancient
proportions
symmetrical
device
round
perspective
pictorial
style
linear
art
basic
arch
austere
composition
9
7. Read the following word combinations and translate them into Russian
rebirth of classical art; to derive from two sources; ancient classical buildings;
to use classical orders; proportions of the human body; pictorial device of
perspective; definition of architectural space; immediate and full comprehension;
well–organized urban spaces; great skill; interior of buildings; linear perspective;
basic element; fluted pilasters; unribbed vaults; the austere façade; the highest degree
of perfection; Christian world
Reading
The Renaissance
th
This architectural style developed in early 15 century Italy during the rebirth
of classical art and learning. It succeeded the Gothic as the style dominant in all of
th
Europe after the mid 16 century into classicism.
Knowledge
of
the
classical
style
in
architecture was derived during the Renaissance
from two sources: the ancient classical buildings,
particularly in Italy but also in France and Spain and
the treatise “De architectura” by the Roman architect
Vitruvius. Initially it was characterized by the use of
the classical orders, round arches, and symmetrical
composition.
The Renaissance architects found a
harmony between the proportions of the
human body and those of their architecture.
There was even a relationship between
architectural
proportions
and
the
Renaissance pictorial device of perspective.
10
The concern1 of these architects for proportion caused that clear, measured2
expression and definition of architectural space and mass that differentiates the
Renaissance style from the Gothic and encourages3 in the spectator an immediate and
full comprehension of the building.
Churches, palaces, gardens, and well-organized open, urban spaces are the
architectural works most often associated with this time. Great skill was expressed in
ordering the interior of buildings, frequently using the same motifs as had been
traditionally associated with the exterior.
Filippo Brunelleschi4 (1377-1446) is said to have created
th
the Renaissance. In the early 15 century he formulated linear
perspective, which was to become a basic element of
Renaissance art. His basic vocabulary – fluted pilasters carrying
entablatures5, columns supporting arches, unribbed vaults which
are portions of the surface of a sphere – appears in his brilliant
work, Ospedale degli Innocenti6 (1419-51) in Florence. It was the first building in the
Renaissance manner.
1
сoncern – внимательное отношение
measured - размеренный
3
encourages – зд. вдохновляет, вызывает
4
Филиппо Брунеллески (1377—1446) — итальянский архитектор, скульптор эпохи Возрождения.
5
entablature - антаблемент
6
Воспитательный дом (итал. Ospedale degli Innocenti) — приют для бездомных детей во Флоренции
2
11
The austere Tuscan Doric7 façade of Donato
Bramante’s (1444-1514) Tempietto San Pietro8 in Montorio
th
(1502) symbolized the beginning of the early 16 century
High Renaissance in Rome.
The Italian Renaissance is assumed to have achieved
the highest degree of perfection at that time. In 1505 Pope9
Julius II decided to demolish Old St. Peter’s and to build St.
Peter’s Cathedral, the work of many architects, beginning
with Bramante, whose ground plan10 was later changed from a Greek cross to a Latin
cross. St. Peter’s Cathedral is the largest
church in the high Christian world. It has 29
altars in addition to the high altar, interior
length 187 m., width at front, 26,5 m., length
of transept, 137 m. The dome (diameter, 42
m., height, 123 m. to the top of the lantern)
was built by Michelangelo.
1. Correct the false sentences
1) The Renaissance is assumed to have reinitiated classical details.
2) The Renaissance succeeded the Baroque.
3) The Renaissance was characterized by the use of asymmetrical composition.
4) It is stated that Bramante was the initiator of the Renaissance.
5) It was Filippo Brunelleschi who formulated linear perspective.
6) St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome is assumed to represent the High Renaissance.
7
Doric – дорический
Церковь св. Петра в Монторио
9
Pope – римский папа
10
ground plan - фундамент
8
12
2. Choose the right words and complete the following sentences
1) The Renaissance developed in…
a) France
b) Italy
c) Russia
2) The treatise “De architectura” was a handbook of the … architects.
a) Renaissance
b) Baroque
c) Gothic
3) The Renaissance is characterized by measured expression and definition of…
a) pointed arches b) architectural space
c) curved surfaces
4) Linear perspective was formulated in the early … century.
th
a) 14
th
th
b) 15
c) 16
5) The plans for St. Peter’s Cathedral were prepared by…
a) Brunelleschi
b) Pope Julius II
c) Bramante
3. Answer the following questions
1) When and where did the Renaissance begin?
2) What were the main sources of knowledge of the classical style in architecture?
3) What was the basic element of Renaissance art?
4) Who was the first to formulate and show the Renaissance system of perspective?
5) What was the first building in the Renaissance manner?
6) What is the largest Church in the Christian world?
7) What phase of the Renaissance does the St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome represent?
4. Translate the sentences into English. Use words and phrases from the
text “The Renaissance” and ex.3, p.7
1) Представители
этого стиля использовали в архитектуре рифленые
пилястры, гладкие своды, колонны, поддерживающие арки.
2) Данный стиль утверждает принципы классического, античного
искусства.
3) Архитектурными образцами, спроектированными в этом стиле,
являются церкви, дворцы, хорошо организованные городские пространства.
13
4) Лучшими традициями этого стиля являются классические ордеры,
круглые арки, симметричная композиция, линейная перспектива.
5) Гармония между пропорциями человеческого тела и архитектурой
отличает данный стиль.
6) Самым ярким свидетельством данного стиля является Собор св. Петра
в Риме.
7) Типичными чертами стиля являются архитектурные пропорции и
перспектива.
8) Представителями Ренессанса в архитектуре являются Филиппо
Брунеллески и Донато Браманте.
5. Use the following clichés and write the retelling of the text “The
Renaissance”
This text is about …
This topic (subject, problem) presents some (much)
interest for those who study…
This
topic
(subject,
problem)
presents
some
importance for those who are interested in …
The author points out / mentions / says / emphasizes /
draws our attention to the fact that …
It is necessary to say / mention / emphasize that …
It should be said / mentioned / pointed out / stressed / emphasized that…
Firstly / secondly / finally
Besides / also / moreover / then / after that
On the one hand…, on the other hand… / however
The author gives some interesting / useful examples of …
There are some interesting / useful examples illustrating …
To sum it up / In conclusion, I’d like to say that …
The author arrives to the following conclusions…
14
Text 2
1. Read the text and fill in the chart below about the main features of the
Baroque and Rococo
Baroque and Rococo
Baroque and late Baroque, or Rococo, are terms applied to European art of the
th
th
period from the early 17 century to the mid 18 century.
The word “baroque” was derived from the Italian word “baroque”. This word
also meant irregular or imperfect form, especially with reference to pearl.
The Baroque style is characterized by spatially complex compositions,
interpenetration11 of oval spaces, curved surfaces and remarkable use of decoration
broken pediments, paired or coupled columns or pilasters. The Baroque art was
essentially concerned with vivid12 colours, hidden13 light sources, luxurious materials
and elaborate14, contrasting surface textures. There was a tremendous richness of
motifs-festoons of flowers and fruits, masks, scrolls, wreaths and weapons. During
the Baroque period, architecture, painting and sculpture were integrated into
decorative ensembles. Architects used sculpture to support the members of a
building, painters decorated the walls and vaults of churches with false architectural
perspectives, sculptors introduced colour in their works in the spirit of a painter.
The Baroque rapidly developed
into two separate forms: the strongly
Roman Catholic counties (Italy, Spain,
Portugal, Flanders, Bohemia, Southern
Germany, Australia and Poland) tended
toward freer and more active architectural
forms and surfaces; in Protestant regions
(England,
11
interpenetration - взаимопроникновение
vivid - яркий
13
hidden - скрытый
14
elaborate – тщательно разработанный
12
15
the
Netherlands
and
the
remainder of Northern Europe) architecture was more restrained15 and developed a
quiet monumentality impressive in its refinement16.
The greatest works of this style are Dome des Invalides by Hardouin-Mansart
17
(1); the church of Santa Susanna (2); Versailles (3); Royal Palace in Madrid (4);
Royal Palace at Caserta (5).
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
The Rococo is assumed to have been the late phase of the Baroque, primarily
French in origin. The style was first inspired by the shell-encrusted artificial fountains
and grottoes at Versailles. This style refined the robust18 architecture of the 17
th
th
century to suit elegant 18 century tastes. Vivid colours were replaced by pastel
shades; diffuse19 light flooded the building volume; violent surface relief was
replaced by smooth flowing masses with emphasis only at isolated points. One can
15
restrained - сдержанный
refinement - утонченность
17
Собор Дома Инвалидов, архитектор Жюль Ардуэн-Мансар (1646—1708)
18
robust - грубоватый
19
diffuse – рассеянный
16
16
find intermingling20 of shells, C - and S - scrolls21, rocks, seaweed22, ribbons and
carving and irregular acanthus foliation23. Churches and palaces still demonstrated an
integration of the three arts, but the building structure was lightened to render
interiors graceful and ethereal24. Rococo architects reduced column size to a
minimum. In churches, the ceilings of side aisles were raised to the height of the nave
ceiling unify the space from wall to wall.
The finest examples of the Rococo style are Church of the "Madonna del
Carmine", Turin, Italy (1732) (1); The Steinhausen Church of Pilgrimage, Germany
(1728) (2); Saint - Jacques, Luneville, France (1730) (3).
1)
2)
3)
Similar Features
Different features
1.
2.
3.
20
intermingling - смешение
scrolls - завитки
22
seaweed – морские водоросли
23
acanthus foliation - архит. рисунок в виде листвы (дуг из листвы), лиственный орнамент
24
ethereal - лёгкий, воздушный; деликатный, утончённый, изысканный
21
17
2. Choose the sentences which correspond to the contents of the text
th
1) Baroque is a term applied to European Art of the early 15 century.
2) The word “baroque” was used to describe an irregular or imperfectly shaped
pearl only.
3) The Baroque style was concerned with bright colours, hidden light sources
and contrasting surface textures.
4) Cheap materials were used during the Baroque period.
5) The Rococo is considered to be the late phase of the Baroque.
6) The Rococo style is assumed to have appeared in France.
7) During the Rococo period there was no more integration of architecture,
painting and sculpture.
3. Answer the questions
1) How is the word “Baroque” defined?
2) What are the main features of the Baroque?
3) What outstanding Baroque architects do you know?
4) When did the Rococo appear?
5) What are typical characteristics of the Rococo?
4. Use the clichés from ex. 5, p. 14 and write the retelling of the text
“Baroque and Rococo”
18
Text 3
1. Read the text
High-tech style
Features
High-tech style embraces an industrial look, in which the decor and the
building itself are obviously very influenced by technology. High-tech buildings are
often created from such materials as heavy steel girders25, a metal deck plate26, metal
shelves often seen in hospitals and factories, and a concrete structure. The outside of
the building, instead of being opaque27, is often made entirely of windows or
mirrored glass, not stressing the decorative outside of the building but revealing the
skeleton of the building itself.
Examples
High-tech style can be seen in almost any city in the world.
One of the most well-known examples of high-tech
style is the Swiss Re building28 in London – more
commonly known as The Gherkin29, because of its
distinctive, peaked shape. Designed by British architect
Norman Foster, the building is the sixth tallest in London,
and stands out from the background
of centuries-old buildings from miles
around. The Gherkin was opened in
2004, and has been featured in a number of television shows
and movies, quickly becoming one of London's most
recognized modern symbols. Also in London is the Lloyd's
Building, which is unique as all of its staircases, elevators,
ventilation shafts and piping are on the outside of the building.
25
girders - балки
a metal deck plate – металлическая палубная втулка
27
opaque – матовый, непрозрачный
28
The Swiss Re building (the building of Swiss Reinsurance Company) = 30 St Mary Axe
29
a gherkin - корнишон
26
19
Another well-known example is the Bank of China
Tower, located in Hong Kong. Designed by architect I.M. Pei,
the building was designed to resemble tall, slender shoots of
bamboo.
The Centre Georges
Pompidou in Paris, France,
is the home to a massive
library, as well as to IRCAM30, a centre for
music
research.
Color-coded
pipes
and
ventilation shafts figure predominantly on the
outside of the building.
Munich's Olympic Stadium also displays a unique
high-tech style, with steel cables and domes of glass
that were designed to represent mountains and a newer,
more modern Germany.
History
High-tech style made its first appearances after World War II. Much of Europe
– from England all the way across the continent – had been ravaged31 by war, leaving
countless buildings destroyed. When the time came to rebuild, designers and
architects replaced many of the old edifices32 with ones done in a forward-thinking,
new style that was intended to show something new rising from the ashes of
destruction.
Also, the postwar era was a time when scientific advances were taking the
world by storm, from advances in industrial and medical practices to science and
30
Институт исследования и координации акустики и музыки
to ravage – опустошать, разорять
32
an edifice - большой дом
31
20
technology. This new world was undeniable33, and was reflected heavily in the
buildings that were being developed at the time.
The name "high-tech style" came about in 1978, and was coined34 by a pair of
home-design specialists: Joan Kron and Suzanne Slesin. Their book, "High Tech: The
Industrial Style and Source Book for The Home," shared ideas for bringing the hightech look into the home.
High-Tech in the Home
High-tech style isn't just for the outside of a building; it's also hugely popular
indoors as well.
The style stresses an industrial look.
Pipes can be worked into the decor of the
home, instead of hidden in a cupboard or
closet. Elements of a high-tech room can
include factory lighting; partial room
dividers made of glass bricks; warehouse or
hospital shelving35 painted in flamboyant
colors; work benches for countertops36; and
office chairs for furniture. Steel appliances and even dishes can accent the style, as
can geometric patterns in floors and walls.
33
undeniable - неоспоримый, несомненный, неопровержимый, явный
зд. был создан
35
a shelving – стеллаж
36
a countertop - столешница
34
21
Significance
High-tech style came about when architects and designers were looking for a
way to liven up modern architecture. In many places, any sort of modern architecture
had been replaced with economy buildings, as well as homes, apartment buildings
and office buildings that appeared to have been made from a mold 37. The high-tech
style not only showed a rebellious attitude on the part designers who were willing to
try something completely different, but also displayed impressive faith in what was to
come. Technological advances were on everyone's mind, and this high-tech style
leaned away from traditional architecture and more toward science fiction and the
world of tomorrow.
2. Answer the questions
1) When did the high-tech style appear?
2) What are the typical features of this style?
3) What are the most famous architectural models constructed in this style?
4) What are the main characteristics of high-tech interior?
Use the answers from this exercise, the phrases from ex.3, p.7 and retell
the text “High-tech style”
3. Use the clichés from ex. 5, p. 14 and write the retelling of the text “Hightech style”
37
a mold - шаблон
22
Text 4
Read and retell the text
Futurism
Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the
early 20th century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with contemporary
concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects
such as the car, the airplane and the industrial city. It was largely an Italian
phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and
elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including painting,
sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, interior design, theatre, film,
fashion, textiles, literature, music, architecture and even gastronomy.
Key figures of the movement include the Italians Filippo Tommaso Marinetti,
Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Gino Severini, Giacomo Balla, Antonio Sant’Elia,
Tullio Crali and Luigi Russolo, and the Russians Natalia Goncharova, Velimir
Khlebnikov, and Vladimir Mayakovsky. Important works include its seminal piece of
the literature, Marinetti’s Manifesto of Futurism, as well as Boccioni’s sculpture,
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, and Balla’s painting, Abstract Speed + Sound
(pictured). Futurism influenced art movements such as Art Deco, Constructivism,
Surrealism, Dada38, and to a greater degree, Rayonism39 and Vorticism40.
41
3. TYPES OF DESIGN
Part I
1. Read and translate the words
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Дадаи́ зм, или дада — модернистское течение в литературе, изобразительном искусстве, театре и кино.
Районизм (Лучизм) - абстрактное искусство, направление в живописи в русском искусстве 1910-х г.г.,
основанное на cмещении световых спектров и светопередачи.
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Вортицизм - течение в изобразительном искусстве начала XX столетия в Англии, близкое к футуризму.
41
Giacomo Balla, Abstract Speed + Sound 1913-1914 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GBallaArt.jpg)
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23
applied art
fashion design
advertisement / advertising / ad design
furniture design
computer design
interior design
decorative art
industrial design
3D design
landscape design
environmental design
trademark / brand design
graphic design
web design
2. Choose any type of design and describe it using the following phrases

… is a type of (environmental) design which deals with…

… is a trend (tendency) in design which is characterized by…

the representatives of this type of design are…

the representatives of ______ use…

the best traditions of ______ are …

… distinguish(es) / characterize(s) this type of design

…concentrate(s ) on …

… has(have) focus on …

… specialize(s) in the following aspects…

characteristic properties / typical features of the design are …
4. READING
Text 1
1. Read the text
Design in Advertisement. Pop Art
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Design in business and advertisement means much. The story of style in the
applied arts since the mid-to late fifties has been dominated by various new forces,
including social and economic factors and certain aspects of technical and scientific
progress. Now we have computer design, web design, advertisement design (for
example consumer-product branding design) and the whole fashion of different types
of ad, colors and so on.
The late fifties saw the birth of advertising as we know it today, a highpowered business dedicated to the development effective marketing techniques; it
involved new design concepts and a whole new professional jargon of product
packaging42, market research, corporate images and house style.
The Pop Art movement embraced the work of a
new generation of artists of late fifties and early sixties
of both sides of the Atlantic. In Britain, in addition to
the Independent Group, there were Peter Blake, Allen
Jones. In USA Jasper Johns, Tom Wesselman, Claes
Oldenburg
and
other formalized the
language of product packaging, from beer cans to
Campbell's Soup tins of strip cartoons43, fast
food, advertising hoardings44 and pin-ups.
Spoonbridge and Cherry, sculpture by Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, 1985–88; in the
Minneapolis Sculpture Garden of the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minn
42
packaging - упаковка
strip cartoons = comic cartoons - комиксы
44
hoardings – щиты для наклейки плакатов, объявлений
43
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Pop Art at once reflected and glorified mass-market
culture and injected a new vigour into the applied arts. Pop Art
suggested a new palette оf colours and gave a fresh, ironical
edge to the imagery of popular culture. Pop Art positively
encouraged designers to exploit vulgarity, brashness45 and
bright colour, and to use synthetic or disposable46 materials in
contexts in which they would formerly have been unacceptable.
Pop Art has had a lasting effect on design in a wide variety of media, including
interiors, graphics and fashion.
2. Find the English equivalents in the text
прикладное искусство, различные силы, рекламный дизайн, дизайн
торговой марки продукта, эффективные технологии, общие образы, движение,
культура
массового
рынка,
предложил
новую
палитру,
ранее,
продолжительный эффект, широкий выбор
3. Find the synonyms in the text
energetic (vigorous), to devote, idea, to make famous, power (energy), offer, to
inspire, to use, available, inadmissible, inside of the house, vogue
4. True or false?
1) Pop Art appeared in the middle of the twentieth century.
2) Pop Art is a style in the applied arts.
3) A high-powered business had no intention to invest money into advertising.
4) The appearance of Pop Art is connected with the development of
advertising.
5) The concept of Pop Art is against mass-media culture.
6) The Pop Art movement left an insignificant trace in the sphere of design.
45
46
brashness - дерзость
disposable – доступный, наличный
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5. Translate into English
1) Рекламный дизайн является одним из важных аспектов эффективной
маркетинговой технологии.
2) Поп-арт привнес новую силу в сферу прикладного искусства.
3) Представители направления поп-арт использовали новую палитру
цветов.
4) Поп-арт вдохновил декораторов использовать яркую и дерзкую
палитру цветов для дизайна интерьера.
6. Answer the questions to the text
1) Is design important in business and advertisement? Why?
2) What factors influenced the applied arts in the middle of the 20 th century?
3) When did advertising appear? Why did it start developing rapidly?
4) What types of design are there nowadays?
5) When and where did the Pop Art movement come into being?
6) What is Pop Art? What does it deal with?
7) What are the features of the Pop Art style?
Use the answers from this exercise, the phrases from ex.2, p.24 and retell
the text “High-tech style”.
7. Use the clichés from ex. 5, p. 14 and write the retelling of the text “Hightech style”.
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Text 2
1. Read the text
Industrial Design
Industrial Design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics it improves usability
of products. Design aspects specified by the industrial designer may include the
overall shape of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colour,
texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics.
Additionally, the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production
process, choice of materials and the presentation of a product to the consumer at the
point of sale. Industrial designers make exclusive
the visual design of objects. An industrial design
consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or
composition of pattern or colour, or combination of
pattern and colour in three-dimensional form
containing aesthetic value.
The use of industrial designers in a product development process improves
usability, lowers production costs and leads to the appearance of more appealing
products. It is important that in order to be an Industrial Design the product has to be
produced in an industrial way, for example, an artisan47 cannot be considered an
industrial designer, although he may challenge the same aspects of a product.
Some industrial designs are viewed as classic pieces that can be regarded as
much as work of art as works of engineering.
Industrial design has a focus on concepts, products and
processes. In addition to aesthetics, usability and ergonomics,
it can also include the engineering of objects, usefulness as
well as usability, market placement and other concerns.
47
an artisan – кустарь, мастеровой, ремесленник
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Product Design and Industrial Design can overlap48 into the fields of interface
design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of Industrial
Design and/or Product Design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from
pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programmes of Engineering and Design,
to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design.
Definition
According
of
Industrial
Design.
to the ICSID (International
Council of Societies of Industrial Design):
“Design is a creative activity whose aim is to
establish the multi-faced qualities of objects,
processes, services and their systems in whole
life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central
factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural
and economic exchange”.
2. Find the English equivalents in the text
Прикладное искусство, форма объекта, расположение, производственный
процесс, потребитель, пространственный (трехмерный), рисунок (узор),
производственные
цены,
произведение
инженерного
искусства,
концентрируется на, творческая деятельность, жизненные циклы
3. True or false?
1) Industrial design can help to improve usability of products.
2) Industrial design has no aesthetic value.
3) There are not any works of art among industrial designs.
4) Industrial design pays much attention to the aesthetic value of products.
5) Pure art colleges usually do not have any specialized programme for
industrial design.
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to overlap – частично совпадать
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4. Answer the questions to the text:
1) What is industrial design? What does it deal with?
2) What does industrial design help to improve?
3) What aspects does an industrial designer usually pay attention to?
4) What does industrial design have focus on?
5) Does industrial design concentrate only on aesthetic, usability and
ergonomics?
6) In what aspects can industrial design specialize?
Use the answers and retell the text about Industrial Design
5. What word is not a synonym?
1) to improve
a) to perfect
b) to develop
c) to create
2) overall
a) everywhere
b) universal
c) general
3) consumer
a) seller
b) user
c) buyer
4) appealing
a) fascinating
b) appreciative
c) attractive
5) various
a) multi-faced
b) different
c) another
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6) crucial
a) important
b) decisive
c) innovative
7) configuration
a) confection
b) form
c) shape
8) composition
a) combination
b) formation
c) component
6. Match the following words to their definitions: poster, industry,
reproduction, aesthetics, culture, advertisement, aspect, image, ergonomics,
harmony, easel, consumer, illustration, graphic arts
1) … is a frame which supports the painting during its progress.
2) … is a copy of a work of art.
3) … is any public announcement designed to sell goods or publicize an event.
4) … is a large printed picture.
5) … is a picture or diagram used to explain or decorate a text.
6) … is the visual arts based on drawing or the use of line.
7) … is a mental picture of something produced by the imagination or memory.
8) … is the ideas, customs, and art of a particular society.
9) … is a state of peaceful agreement and cooperation.
10) … is the study of the rules and principles of art.
11) … is a branch of commercial enterprise concerned with the manufacture of
a specified product.
12) … is the study of the relationship between workers and their environment.
13) … is a person who buys goods or uses services.
14) … is a distinct feature or element in a problem or situation.
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7.
Fill in the gaps with the following words: form, combination,
composition, texture, pattern, colours, colour
1) “What … is the paint you bought?” “It’s red.”
2) The cloth has a … of red and white squares.
3) This picture is painted in dark … .
4) The … of the painting is very graceful.
5) The rough … of this material does not let us to use it in our work.
6) That was a badly designed … of the product.
7) The amazing … of these colours in this painting produces a unique effect.
Use these words in the sentences of your own
8. Use the clichés from ex. 5, p. 14 and write the retelling of the text “Hightech style”
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СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Основная:
1) Даричева М.В., Малинина И.А. English for Designers: Учебное пособие
/ М.В. Даричева, И.А. Малинина. – Н.Новгород: ВГИПУ, 2006 – 104 с.
2) Даричева М.В. Glossary for Designers (Словарь терминов для
дизайнеров): Учебно-методическое пособие / М.В. Даричева. – Н.Новгород:
ВГИПУ, 2008 г. – 25 с.
3) Зайцева И.В. Architecture (Архитектура): Методические указания по
английскому языку / И.В Зайцева. – Оренбург: ГОУ ОГУ, 2003 – 76 с.
4) Электронный словарь ABBYY Lingvo 11: Англо-русский словарь
общей лексики. 100 тыс. статей. © ABBYY Software, 2005.
Информационно-справочная:
1) http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
2) http://oxforddictionaries.com/
3) http://www.ehow.com/about_4727812_hightech-style.html
4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение……………………………………………………………………………...3
1. Art Styles…………………………………………………………………………...4
2. Reading
Text 1…………………………………………………………………………..8
Text 2…………………………………………………………………............15
Text 3…………………………………………………………………............19
Text 4…………………………………………………………………............23
3. Types of Design…………………………………………………………………..24
4. Reading
Text 1…………………………………………………………………............25
Text 2…………………………………………………………………............28
Список литературы………………………………………………………………...33
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