Contents
Prqace
Tabk of Cases
Tabk of Statutes
Tabk of Statutory Instruments
Tabk of European Provisions
Tabk of Conventions and International
Agreements Wilkinson Service Iriformation
Abbreviations
XXXiX
Definitions
Chapter ı
1.01
1.02
1.03
General
"Magistrates' coıırt"
The 1988 road trafik legislation
Motor vehicles
1.15
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.31
1.32
1.33
.
1.34
1.35
1.37
1.40
1.41
1.45
1.46
xli
CXXlll
c1xxi
cxcv
CXCI
X
CCI
CCll
1
1
1
1
"Motor vehicle"
"Motor car"
"Hovercraft"
"Invalid carriage"
"Motor cycle"
A "Three-wheeler cars"
B "Motor bicycle"
C "Side-car"
D "Standard motor cycle"
E "Learner motor cycles"
F "Moped"
Other motor vehicles
"Pedal cycles"
ElectricaHy assisted pedal cycle s
Goods vehicles
"Heavy commercial vehicle"
"Constructed" and change of use
'~dapted"
"Vehicle"
"Mechanical1y propeHed"
"Intended or adapted for use on roads"
A Go-carts, racing cars, etc.
v
1
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
LO
II
13
13
--
Contents
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.54
1.59
1.62
1.63
B Dumper trueks, exeavators, ete.
C Works' trueks
Miseellaneous vehicles
"Reeovery vehicle"
"Breakdown vehicle" and "speeia1ised breakdown vehicle"
"Disab1ed vehicle"
Comparison of definitions: "breakdown vehicle", ete.
14
1
15
1
151
20
17
21
19' 1
i
"Trailer"
1.69
1.71
1.72
1.75
1.79
Meaning "Semitrailer", ete.
'?\rtieu1ated vehicle"
Drawing of trailers
Attendants on trailers
22
22
23
23
24
25
"Weight"
1.8
9
1.9
3
1.9
4
1.9
5
'?\eeident"
1.9
1.115
6
1.10
"Driver"
0
1.10
1.127
2
1.130
1.141
1.143
1.146
1.149
1.150
1.151
1.152
1.153
1.154
1.161
Meaning
"Loose equipment"
Removab1e eontainers
Weight generally
P1ated weights
"Deseription of weight"
Transmission and aseertaİnment of weight
vi
26
27
27
28
28
30
30
32
Meaning
Meaning
"Driving"
Continuing driving "Drives or
attempts to drive" "In eharge"
"Use" and "driving" Pushing
and driving "Taking a
eonveyanee" "Rider"
Passenger
Automatism
Insanity
"Road"
1.165
1.170
1.171
1.172
1.173
1.174
26
32
33
33
35
39
40
42
43
44
44
45
45
46
49
50
Roads and highways generally
"Highway"
A "Brid1eway"
B "Carriageway"
C "Dua1-earriageway" D
"Cycle traek"
50
51
51
52
52
52
Contents
le"
14
1.175
15
15
17
19
20
21
1.1 76
1.177
1.178
1.179
1.180
1.184
1.190
1.200
2
2
22
23
23
24
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
30
30
32
32
33
43
44
44
45
45
46
49
50
50
51
51
52
52
52
E
"Footpath"
52
F "Footway"
G "Walkway"
H "Public path"
i
"By-way open to ali trafik"
Determining the existence of a highway
Public access
Car parks, forecourts, "or other public place"
Channel tunnel, airfield and Crown roads
"To cause", "to permit", "to use"
1. 205
1.206
1.210
1.212
1.219
1.223
63
Meaning
"To cause"
"To permit"
Meaning
Cases
"To use"
Meaning
Cases
63
64
66
66
68
72
72
75
83
':<\griculture"
1.241
Meaning
83
':<\iding, abetting, counselling and procuring"
1.254
1.260
1.261
':<\tternpt
33
"
35
1.272
39
40 "Owner"
42
1.287
Generaliy
Counselling
Cases
85
85
87
87
90
Generaliy
90
92
92
Meaning
Chapter 2
Procedure
Comrnencing proceedings
2.01
Generaliy
2.02
The laying of an information
The issue of a
2.04
summons
2.05
The issue of a warrant
2.09
Form of summons
2.12
Authority to prosecute
jurisdiction over offenders
2.26
Youths
2.35
52
53
53
53
53
54
58
62
Attaining 18 before the conclusion of proceedings
95
95
95
96
97
98
99
102
102
105
VII
Content
s
2.36
2.38
2.3
9
2.40
2.44
Commonwealth and foreign servicemen
Drivers from abroad
Diplomatic prİvilege
The Crown
Enactments not specifically naming the Crown
jurisdiction over offences
2.63
2.70
2.71
2.82
2.83
Venue
Trying cas es
together Limitation of time
Computing time
Contİnuİng offences
1
1
1
Advice,
assistance
and
2.94
representation
Grant
2.97
App1ication to road trafiic offences
i1]
The hearing
12
2.114
General
2.115
The court
2.122
Refusa1 to hear a case
2.135
Conclusions
2.136
Proof of service; attendance of defendant
2.139
Waiving summons
2.140
Amending summonses
2.150
Duplicity
2.160
Adjournment
2.167
Preliminary points
2.168
AutrifOis
acquit or convict and p1eas in bar
2.176
Categories of cas es and advance information
2.177
Advance information
2.180
Presence of defendant
2.184
Mode of trial procedure
2.197
2.202
Committa1 for trial proceedings
2.214
Summary trial: speeches and no case to answer
2.217
2.221
2.227
2.229
2.237
2.238
2.244
2.24
6
2.25
4
viii 2.25
7
Disclosure procedures under the Crimina1 Procedure
and Investigations Act 1996
Plea of guilty
Pleading guilty in writİng
Equivoca1 p1ea and change of p1ea
Hearing charges together
Attempts
Conviction
Mitigation
Defendant's previous convictions
Committals for sentence
Remitting to another magistrates' court for sentence
1
IIi
12
12
12
12'
13(
13~
13~
133
139
14~
147
147
15]
15]
15
2
154
1
160
169
162
170
1
172
174
17
5
179
180
182
183
186
187
Contents
106
2.258
Discontinuance of proceedings
188
107
2.260
Irregu1arity
188
107
2.265
Reopening
191
108
109
Notices of intended prosecution
2.275
110
196
Requirements: Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988, s.l
196
2.277
Speeding
197
110
2.278
Offences causing death and courts-martia1
197
ıı3
2.279
Waiver
198
113
2.280
Accidents
198
118
118
ıı9
2.283
2.285
2.288
2.290
2.295
2.297
2.298
Presumption of conformity with section 1
Warning at the time
Service of summons
Service of notice of intended prosecution
Reasonab1e diligence
Errors in the notice
Errors in the nature of the offence
200
201
203
203
206
207
208
121
2.299
119
120
121
121
124
130
Errors in date, time or p1ace
208
Chapter 3 Evidence
132
3.01
3.02
Generally
Evidence on oath or affirmation
211
211
133
3.07
Enforcing attendance: production of documents
214
133
3.12
Sick, dead or frightened witnesses
216
139
3.18
Witnesses abroad
219
144
3.19
Spouses
220
147
3.20
Diselosure of previous convictions of prosecution witnesses
220
147
3.21
Expert evidence
220
151
3.23
Evidence by the defendant
222
151
3.26
Cross-examination as to character
223
3.29
Trial within a trial
225
154
152
3.32
Witness statements
226
i 160
3.33
Statements generally
226
162
175
3.39
3.48
3.53
3.55
3.58
3.59
3.64
Editing statements
Refreshing memory
Documentary evidence
A Registration particulars and driving licence records
B Weight tickets and timetables
C Manufacturers' records and computer evidence
Plans, sketches and maps
229
230
233
234
235
236
237
179
3.66
Photographs, films, tapes and video tapes
238
180
3.72
Exhibits
240
182
3.88
Inspections
241
183
3.91
Local and specialised knowledge
243
186
3.94
Admissions
244
187
3.95
Proof generally
245
i
1169
i 170
i 172
i 174
ix
Contents
3.1
LO
3.111
3.115
Proof İn respect of companies, partnerships and employers
Evidence generally
Evidence illegally obtained
Chapter 4
Drink/Driving Offences
25~
Introduction
4.01
4.04
4.05
4.07
The legislative framework
Offences
Abalition of the principle in Scott v. Baker
Exclusion of evidence of analysis
Summary of offences
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.57
4.58
4.59
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.69
4.71
4.72
4.75
x
26C
261
266
268
"Drives or attempts to drive" "In
charge"
"Mechanically propelled vehicle"
"Motor vehicle"
"Road"
"Or other pubtic place"
Preliminary breath tests
4.55
4.56
25~
26C
Failing to supply a roadside specimen of breath (section 6(4)) 266
Driving or attempting to drive a mechanically propelled
vehicle while unfit through drink or drugs (section 4(1)) In
266
charge of a mechanically propelled vehicle while unfit
through drink or drugs (section 4(2))
266
Driving or attempting to drive amotar vehicle with excess
alcahal (section 5(I)(a))
267
In charge of amotar vehicle with excess alcohal
(section 5( I)(b))
267
Failing to provide a specimen for analysis (section 7(6))
267
Interaction of the offences
267
Definitions
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
25.
25!
25
Requirement to provide
Breath test on suspicion of aleahalar moving trafik offence
(section 6(1)(a) and (b))
A "Road or other pubtic place"
B "Breath test"
C "Constable in uniform"
D "May require"
E "Driving or attempting to drive"
F "Reasonable cause to suspect"
G "Trafiic offence"
H "There or nearby"
Random tests
Breath test following an accident (section 6(2))
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
268
269
269
269
270
270
271
271
273
274
274
275
Contents
'yers
4.76
4.79
4.82
4.86
4.87
4.90
4.91
4.92
4.93
4.94
4.96
4.97
4.1 O
1
4.103
4.106
4.112
A '~eeident"
B "Reasonable eause to believe"
Preliminary breath testing devices
Radio interference
Failing to supply a speeimen of breath (section 6(4))
The AleoImeter
The Alcolmeter S-L2A
The Alcolmeter SL-400
The Alcolmeter SL-400A
The Alert
The Alcatest 7410
The Alcatest 80 and 80A and Alcolyser
Refusal to supply a specimen of breath
Defence of reasonable excuse
Powers of entry
Powers of arresi
Driving or in charge whilst unfit
4.119
Inter-relation of offences
4.121 The offence (section 4(1) and (2))
4.122 Evidence of impairment
4.127 Drugs
4.133 Power of arrest
4.135 Powers of entry
275
276
277
279
280
281
282
282
284
284
285
286
290
291
292
295
296
296
296
296
299
301
301
302
Driving or in charge above the limit
302
The offence (section 5(1)(a) and (b))
4.145
303
Provision of breath specimens
4.151
A Reasonable cause to believe that a specimen cannot
4.154
be provided (section 7(3)(a))
305
B Reliable deviee not available for use (section 7(3)(b)) 307 C
4.159
Reasonable cause to believe that the device has not
4.171
produced a reliable indication of the proportion of
314
alcohol in the subjeet's breath (section 7(3)(bb))
4.173
D Condition of person giving specimen may be due
to drugs (section 7(3)(c))
315
Defendanl's optian to provide blood or urine specimens Provisian
of
315
4.174
speeimens for analysis: relationship between sections 7 (4) and
4.180
8(2)
316
Alcohal levels
330
4.200
Back calculation
331
4.202
334
Evidential breath test devices; the first generatian
4.209
334
A Approval of devices
335
B Deseription of deviees
4.211
336
C Calibration of deviees
4.213
337
D Admissibility of specimens of breath
4.217
339
Challenging the first generatian machines
4.225
339
A General servieeability
Xl
....
4.228
4.232
4.234
4.238
4.239
Content
s
B Blow difference
C Comparative specimens
D Amount of alcohol consumed
E Radio interference
Evidential breath test devices; the second generation
A Approval of devices
4.240 B Standard drinkl drugs police profirma
4.241
C Description of devices
4.243
D Calibration of devices
4.244
E Operation of devices
4.246 F Admissibility of specimens of breath
4.247 Provision of blood or urine specimens
4.249 Blood specİmens
4.252 Vrine specimens
4.256 Results of laboratory analysis
4.259 Supply of specimen of blood or urine to the defendant
4.264 Certificates of analysis and printouts, etc.
4.276 Warning of prosecution
4.278 Detention at the police station
4.286
Thea offence
(section 7(6))
Failing
to provide
specİmen
4.290
A "Fails"
4.291
B "Refuses"
4.294
C "Reasonable excuse"
Hospital patients
4.319 Introduction
4.320 '~t a hospital" 4.321
'~s a patient"
4.322 "Medical practitioner in immediate charge of his case"
4.323 Preliminary breath tests
4.326 Blood or urine specimens
Post-offence consumption of alcohol or drugs
r
3 3
3.
3~
3~
35
35
35!
35;
35
36
36 ı
3
65
3
65
367
367
369
378
378
378
379
380
380
380
383
4.342 Alcohol
4.346 Drugs
Defence of duress
Insanity
383
385
Non-insane automatism
386
Defences to "in charge" offences
386
4.389 Defences under section 4(2) and section 5(1 )(b)
Sentencing, procedure and trial
4.404 Procedure and trial 4.405
Table of penalties
xii
387
387
387
389
389
391
.
Contents
341
4.406
Custodial sentenees
392
342
4.408
Fines, ete.
393
343
4.409
Community sentenees
393
345
4.410
Obligatory disqualifieation
394
345
4.412
345
4.416
Penalty points disqualifieation
396
346
4.418
Obligatory disqualifieation for at least three years
396
347
Period of obligatory disqualifieation
394
4.421
Reduction of disqualifieation
397
348
4.422
Problem drinkers
398
349
4.426
350
350
Legal position
399
Other offences involving drink or drugs
399
351
4.437
Riding a eyde whilst unfit
399
353
4.439
In charge of a earriage, horse or eatde, when drunk
400
354
t
Chapter 5
355
358
364
364
365
Introduction
AboIition of reekIess driving, ete.
What is dangerous driving?
Scope of the offence
Procedure
Alternative verdiets
Causing death by dangerous driving
378
379
380
380
5.38
5.39
5.48
5.51
380
The offence (seetion 1)
Evidenee and procedure
Alternative verdicts
Inquests
Motor manslaughter
383
383
5.61
5.65
385
Constituents of the offence
Hit-and-run drivers
Dangerous, careless and ineonsiderate driving
386
386
387
391
5.01
5.13
5.14
5.21
5.23
5.28
378
389
389
Driving, ete.
Dangerous driving
365
367
367
369
378
387
387
Dangerous, Careless and Ineonsiderate
5.75
5.77
5.78
401
401
401
402
407
407
408
410
410
4ii
414
415
416
416
417
418
5.79
5.83
5.84
5.86
5.87
The differenee between dangerous and careIess driving
Summary of eareless and inconsiderate driving
The difference between careIess and inconsiderate
driving
Objective standard of eare
Automatism
Res ipsa loquitur
Falling asIeep
Drink
418
419
419
420
422
422
424
424
5.92
Evidence of previous driving
426
XLLL
Contents
5.93
5.95
5.96
5.97
5.100
5.104
5.105
5.106
5.107
5.108
5.109
5.115
Mechanical defects
Cases on careless driving
Cases on inconsiderate driving
Civil cases
Highway Code
Visibility
Use of headlights
Two offenees from one incident
Aiders and abettors and supervisors
Public ernergencies
Defence of necessity or duress
Defence of reasonable force to assist in arrest of offenders
~
4
4
Causing death by careless driving when under the influence of drink or drugs 4
5.134
The offenee (section 3A)
5.139
Scope of the offence
4,
5.140
Procedure and evidence generally
4.
Related offences
5.155
5.158
5.161
5.163
Causing bodily harrn by furious driving, ete.
Motor racing on highways
Driving with uncorrected defectiye eyesight or refusing to
subrnit to an eyesight test
Driving to the cornrnon danger, ete.
Dangerous, careless and inconsiderate cycling
5.173
The offences (seetions 28 and
Penalties and sentencing
29)
5.189
Table of pena1ties
5.190
Mandatory life sentence for rnanslaughter
5.191
Cornpulsory driver retesting
5.192
Period of obligatory disqualification
5.193
Careless or inconsiderate driving
5.194
5.195
Alternatİve verdicts: sentencing
Driving to the cornrnon danger, ete.
Sentencing guidelines
5.206
5.208
5.210
5.230
5.234
5.238
XIV
Drink
Irnprisonrnent
Motor rnanslaughter, causing death by dangerous driving,
dangerous driving and causing death by eareless driving
when under the influence of drink or drugs
Unduly lenient sentencing; power to review
Sentencing by rnagistrates for dangerous and eareless
driving
Disqua1ification
4'
4~
44
44
Hi
44:
44
~
445
447
447
450
1
450
450
450
450
451
45
1
453
463
45
465
1
467
452
,........---
r
Contents
Chapter 6
426
427
428
429
430
433
434
434
435
436
436
439
gs 439
439
441
441
442
442
444
444
445
445
445
447
447
450
450
450
450
450
Driver Offences
Signs and signals
6.01
6.05
6.08
6.09
6.11
6.12
469
469
470
472
472
472
6.16
6.18
6.19
6.21
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.36
6.38
6.41
6.43
6.45
6.47
6.48
6.49
Generally
Failing to comply with a sign
Cyelists, other vehicles and equestrians
Conformity of signs
Defences
Neglecting or refusing to compl,y with directions given by
police or trafiic wardens
"Constable" and "trafiic warden"
"Engaged in the regulation of traffic"
"In the execution of his duty"
"Stop"
Defences
Horse riders
Traffic lights
Motorway and dual carriageway traffic 1ights
Detection of offences
"Stop" signs at major roads
"Give Way" signs
"One Way", "No Right Turn", '1\ccess Only", ete., orders
"Keep Left" signs and arrows
Automatic level crossings
Census points
Other signs
White lines and doub1e white lines
Double white lines
6.54
Non-conforming and damaged signs
487
Signs and signals: proceedings and penalties
473
474
474
474
476
476
477
477
479
480
480
481
481
482
483
484
484
485
485
488
6.66
Warning of intended prosecution
488
6.67
6.68
6.70
Proceedings generally
Penalties
Signs and signals: pena1ties
489
489
490
451
Speed limits
451
6.81
Generally
491
491
451
452
6.85
6.86
6.88
6.89
Application
Exemptions
Defence of necessity
Driving at a dangerous speed
492
492
493
493
6.90
Evidence and corroboration
494
453
463
465
6.94
6.95
6.99
Speed check equipment
Enforcement and technology
Radar speed meters
495
495
498
'1-67
6.102
Radar detection devices
499
xv
Contents
6.103
6.107
6.109
6.110
6.111
6.112
6.113
6.114
6.117
6.124
6.125
6.127
6.128
6.129
6.132
6.135
6.140
6.142
6.145
6.149
6.150
Hand-held radar guns
Laser speed measuring equipment
Vascar
Police Pilot
Electric trip wire equipment
Warnings of speed traps: obstruction Accident
investigation
Evidence generally
Speed limits on restricted roads
Temporary speed limits
Temporary maximum speed limits
Temporary minimum speed limits
Temporary speed restrictions for road works, etc.
Speed limits applicable to particular classes of vehicle
A Passenger vehicles and motor caravans
B Goods vehicles
C Car derived vans
D Dual-purpose vehicles
E Articulated vehicles and traiIers
F AgricuIturaI vehicles
Motorway speed Iimits
Speed
Iimits:
proceedings
and
6.154
Warning of intended prosecution
penaIties
6.155
6.157
Temporary speed restrictions for road works, etc.
6.158
Proceedings generaIIy
6.159
Fixed penaIties and penalty points for speeding
Motorways
Speed Iimits: penaIties
6.168
Generally
Motorways: penaIties
6.187
6.188
GeneraIIy Motorways:
penaIties
Pedestrian
6.199
crossings
6.203
6.207
6.208
6.212
6.215
6.216
6.217
6.219
6.223
XVI
Generally
Zebra crossings
The "Iimits" of a Zebra crossing
According precedence at Zebra crossings
Absolute IiabiIity of driver
Defence of mechanical faiIure, etc.
Stopping in the Zebra controIIed area
Overtaking in the Zebra controIIed area
Pelican crossings
Puffin crossings
ı
!
5
5
1
5(
5(
5(
5(
5C
50
50
50
50
50, 50i
50! 5I
51
51
51 j
51
51
51
51.
515
1
516.
516
516
518
519
519
521
521
523
525
525
526
527
528
529
531
532
532
533
534
Contents
500
501
502
502
503
503
503
Pedestrian erossings: proeeedings and penalties
i
535
6.231
Generally
535
6.233
Pedestrian erossings: penalties
537
6.234
Proeeedings for other offenees
538
School erossings and street playgrounds
538
6.245
Generally
538
504
6.246
School erossings
538
507
6.255
Street playgrounds
541
School erossings, ete.: penalties
543
504
508
508
508
509
510
6.258
Table of penalties
Obstruetion, parking, ete.
543
544
6.268
Generally
544
511
6.270
Obstruetion
544
512
6.273
What amounts to obstruetion
545
513
6.284
Arrest
551
514
6.285
Parking meters
551
515
6.293
553
515
6.296
515
6.299
"No Waiting" streets
Sign
s
Exemptions for loading, ete.
6.302
Exemptions for disabled drivers
554
555
556
515
6.309
Clearways
559
516
6.310
Parking on verges, footpaths and central reservations
560
516
6.313
516
6.315
Private wheel clamping: eriminal damage to wheel clamps
561
518
6.317
Abandoning vehicles
562
Driving on the footway and on eommon or private land
562
519
6.319
6.323
Depositing builders' skips on the highway
564
519
6.326
Negligent opening of ear doors
565
Immobilisation of vehicles illegally parked
560
6.330
Leaving vehicle in dangerous position
567
521
6.332
Parking or driving on cycle traeks
567
521
6.333
Parking at night
567
523
6.334
Depositing mud and other matter on highways
568
i
Obstruetion, parking, ete.: penalties
569
525
52
5
52
6
52
7
52
8
52
9
53
1
53
2
53
2
53
3
53
4
6.346
Generally
569
6.347
Obstruetion, parking, ete.: penalties
570
6.348
Removal of illegally parked and abandoned vehicles
573
6.350
574
king attendants
Chapter 7 Accidents and Furnishing Information
Accidents involving injury
7.01
Produetion of eertifieates (section 170(5))
Accidents to persons, animals, vehicles or property
575
575
576
XVII
Content
s
7.14
7.17
7.19
7.24
7.34
Stopping and reporting: requirements of sections 170(1)-(4),
(6), and 168
Knowledge of driver
5;
5;
5i
58
58
58,
Meaning of "stop", "driver", "i~ury" and "accident"
Furnishing information
Duty to exchange names or report
7.41 Generally
One offence or two?
584
7.43 Driver alleged to be guilty of a specİfied offence
7.52
58.5
59q
590
591
591
P1ace of offence
7.53 "By or on behalf of a chief officer of police"
7.54 Vehic1e driven without insurance
7.55 Other instances
Proceedings and penalties
591
591
592
594
Chapter 8
Vehiele 01fences
7.64 Penalties for failure to stop and report
Construction and use
7.67Generally
Pena1ties for refusal to give information, etc.
8.01
7.69The
Accidents
and furnishing
information: penalties, etc.
8.03
Construction
and Use Regulations
Type approval system
597
597
597
600
8.32 Vehic1es subject to type approval
8.33 The optional EC type approval scheme
8.36 The compulsory British type approval scheme
8. 41 Approval marks
8.58
8.42 Sale of vehic1es and parts without requİred certİficate
8.59
8.61 Construction and Use Regulations
Specific
8.62
8.63
8.53
Agricultural trailed appliance
8.67
8.72
8.55
Length, width, height and overhang
8.73
Length
8.75
Width
8.87
Height
8.89
Overhang
Rear markings
xviii
Speedometers
Brakes
Designated approval marks
Pedal
cyc1es
Vehic1e or load in dangerous condition
Quitting vehic1es, etc.
Tyres
600
600
601
603
603
604
604
604
604
606
606
607
607
607
609
611
612
612
618
619
i
i
,
~
Contents
(1)(4),
8.9
Knobbly tyres
7
Mirrors
8.9
Maseots
9
Wings
8.100
Emissions
8.101
Silencers, noise and warning instruments
8.102
Fuel tanks
8.103
Televisions and videos
8.108
Sale of unroadworthy vehicles and parts
8.109
Speeial types of vehicles
8.110
Abnormal indivisible load
8.114
Construetion
and
Use:
8.116
penalties
8.130
Generaııy
8.132
Endorsement
8.136
Deseription of weight offenees
8.137
Loads eausing nuisanee
8.1
Weight proseeutions
38
Defenees to weight proseeutions
8.140
Penalty points and exemptions from endorsement
8.143
Disqualifieation
8.145
Endorsement code
8.146
Brakes on pedal cycle s
8.1
Selling, ete., unroadworthy vehicles and parts
47
Construetion and use: penalties
8.148
8.149
Lighting
8.161
8.164
8.1
65
8.166
8.168
8.1
69
8.170
8.172
8.173
8.174
8.1
75
8.176
8.180
8.178
8.181
8.179
8.183
8.187
8.189
622
623
623
624
624
624
626
626
626
627
629
629
629
630
631
631
631
632
634
635
635
635
635
636
640
The Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations
640
Applieation 640 Offenees 641
Exemptions from the 1989 Regulations
641
Vehicles towing or being towed
641
Fitting of lamps, ete.
642
Projeeting trailers and projecting and overhanging loads 642
Headlamps-requirements 643
Position lamps-requirements
643
Rear registration plate lamps
643
Maintenanee 644 Exemptions-maintenanee 644
Further maintenanee offenees
644
Headlamps-keeping lit during darkness or seriously redueed
visibility 644
Exemptions 645 Position lamps, ete. -keeping lit during
darkness or seriously
redueed visibility
Exemptions for parked
vehicles Seriously redueed
645
visibility Fog lamps
645
647
647
XiX
Content
s
8.190 Improper use of lamps, ete.
Lighting: proeeedings and penalties
8.203 Generally
8.205 Lighting: penalties
Test eertifieates and testing
8.216 Generally
8.217 Test eertifieates 8.223
Goods vehicles
8.229 Roadside tests
8.232 Foreign goods vehicles
Test eertifieates: penalties
Generally
8.247
Test eertifieates: penalties
8.249
Chapter 9
Protection of Drivers and Passengers
6\
64
i
6
6
65
1
65
1
65
1
65
65
65
65~1
Generally
657
1
661
658
~
662
9.14
9.17
9.18
Wearing of seat beIts by persons of 14 and over
Aiding and abetting
Persons 14 and over: non-availability of seat beIts
662
662
663
9.20
Persons 14 and over: non-eomplianee seat belts
exemption
663
9.01
Seat belts
9.21
9.25
9.28
9.32
9.35
9.38
9.39
9.41
9.43
9.45
9.48
9.49
9.51
9.52
9.53
\
,
Persons 14 and over: general exemptions from wearing seat
beIts
664
Exemption on medical grounds
665
Wearing of seat beIts, restraints, ete., by children in rear of
motor vehicles
666
Children in rear: deseription of belts to be worn as required
by section 15(3)
667
Children in rear: non-availability exemption
668
Children in rear of motor vehicles: vehicle exemptions
668
Children in rear of motor vehicles: other exemptions
669
Section 15(3A) offenee: driver not moving unproteeted smaIl
ehild to the front-summary of requirements and exemptions 669
Wearing of seat belts by children in the front of motor
vehicles
670
Children in the front: deseription of beIts to be worn as
required by section 15( 1) and the regulations
671
Children in the front: deseription of vehicles
671
Children in the front: non-availability exemption
671
Children in the front: other exemptions
672
4
Differenees between the ehild seat beIt provisions and
the
general provisions
67
2
Speeified motor vehicles and vehicles exemptions
generally
67
3
i
'
i
i
xx
Contents
647
9.54
648
648
649
650
650
650
652
655
657
657
657
658
Definitions
673
"Motor vehicle", "motor car", "relevant vehicle"
9.55
9.57
9.58
9.59
9.60
9.61
9.62
9.63
9.64
9.65
9.66
9.67
9.70
9.71
"Passenger car", "light goods vehicle", "small bus"
"Large child", "sman child", "front", "rear"
':.-\dult seat belt"
"Child restraint"
"Seats", and various "seat belts"
"Front seat"
"Rear seat"
"Specified passenger seat"
"Coaches", "large buses"
"Exposed forward facing seat"
Other definitions
Provision of seat belts
Maintenance of seat belts
Summary of the seat beIt requirements
673
673
674
674
674
674
674
675
675
- 675
675
675
675
677
678
Safety equipment for children in motor vehicles
680
Motor cycle helmets
680
661
9.99
Wearing of helmets
680
662
662
662
663
9.104
9.106
9.108
9.110
9.111
9.112
Aiding and abetting
Eye protectors
Sale, ete., of helmets
"Third party" proceedings
Sale, ete., of eye protectors
Helmets, eye protectors and child safety equipment:
warranty offences
681
681
682
682
682
663
664
665
666
Motor cycle passengers
9.123
683
Carrying passengers
683
Penalties and proceedings
667
668
668
669
669
670
9.133
9.134
9.135
9.136
9.137
9.1 39
683
Seat belts (sections 14 and 15)
Motor cycle helmets (sections 16 and 17)
Motor cycle passengers (section 23)
Eye protectors (section 18)
Helmets, eye protectors and child safety equipment:
warranties
683
684
684
684
Protection of drivers and passengers: penalties
685
671
671
671
672
Chapter 10
10.01
683
Introduction
Third party İnsurance policies
684
Insurance
687
687
672
10.1 i
Generaliy
687
673
10.14
Nature of the insurance
688
XXI
,
10.18
10.20
10.23
10.24
10.26
10.28
10.30
10.34
10.36
10.39
Content
s
The Motor Insurers' Bureau
Certificates and po1icies
Green Card Scheme
68
69
1
69
69:
69
~
69
3
694
Social and business purposes
Car sharing; hire or reward
Emp10yees and agents
Driving 1icence condition
Pub1ic authorities and other specia1 cas es
Void conditions
Trailers
Liability of insurers
696
1
696
1
698
10.48 General conditions of liability
10.51 General conditions of liability; criminal acts
699
10.53 General conditions of liability; temporary cover on renewa1
699
700
700
701
701
702
703
704
707 707
10.55 General conditions of liability: disposal and acquisition
10.57 General conditions of liability: death of insured
10.58 Meaning of "use" generaUy
10.62 Use by passengers
10.82
10.83
10.66 Policyobtained by misrepresentation
10.85
AbsOlute liabiEty: using, causing and permitting
10.76 GeneraUy
Evidence and procedure
10.93 Burden of proof
10.81 Special defence for persons using vehicles in the course of
10.94 Evidence
their employment
10.95 Production of certificates
A "Belonging"
10.96 ProductionBof"Incertificates-defence
the course of his employment"
10.97 Production of certificates-other provisions
C "Neither knew nor had reason to believe that there
Proceedings and penalties
was not in foree"
10.108 Limitation of time
10.109 Penalties
10.112 Specia1 reasons
10.115 Compensation and insurance
Chapter i i
Driving Licences
10.121 Insurance: pena1ties
Provisions and offences
11.01
GeneraUy
xxii
707
70
4
704
708
708
708
708
709
709
709
710
710
710
711
711
718
719
719
Contents
11.09 Renewal of licences and pending applications 11.13
Production of licences
11.19 Driving otherwise than in accordance with a licence i
1.21 Employing an unlicensed driver
1 1.23 Driving under age
11.24 Learner drivers
11.30 Supervision of learner drivers
11.33 Learner drivers and unqualified passengers
11.34
Aiding and abetting
11.35 Qualified drivers
11.37 Miscellaneous offences
11.43 Disease or disability
IL. 49 Appeal
1 1.50 Electrically assisted pedal cycles
11.5 1 Drivers from abroad
11.55 Exchangeable driving licences
Driving while disqualified
lof
738
11.75 The offence (section 103)
11.81 Applying for a licence whilst disqualified 1
1.83 Obtaining a licence whilst disqualified 1 1.84
Disqualification quashed on appeal
1 1.85 Power of arrest
11.86 Attempts
Penalties and proceedings
738
742
742
743
743
744
744
11.95 Generaloffences
i 1.98
Endorsement, disqualification and penalty points
1 1.100 Driving while disqualified
1 i.l 04
Disqualification
1 1.105 Driving lieences: penalties
Chapter 12
12.01
722
723
726
726
727
727
729
730
731
731
732
733
735
736
736
737
744
744
745
747
748
Excise and Trade Licences
GeneraIly
753
and
753
licences Rates of duty
General
12.29
12.30
Motor cycles
12.31
Buses
12.32
Speeial vehicles
12.33
"Digging machines" and "mobile eranes"
12.34
"Works truek"
12.35
Special eoneessionary vehicle
12.37
'1\gricultural"; "agricultural engine"
12.39
"Mowing maehines"
755
Vehicle
excise
duty
755
755
756
756
756
757
757
758
759
xxııı
Content
12.40
s
"E1ectricalIy
propelIed
12.4
1
vehic1es"
12.4
Recovery vehic1es
2
Vehic1es used for exceptiona11oads
12.4
Haulage vehic1es
3
Showmen's
12.4
vehic1es
4
Goods vehic1es
12.4
6
Meaning of "goods vehic1e"
12.47
Trailers
12.50
Taxation of goods vehic1es
12.51
12.5
Goods vehic1es not exceeding 3,500kg laden weight
2
12.5
12.72
3
Goods vehic1es over 3,500kg laden weight
12.73
12.54
Showmen's and island goods vehic1es
12.5
Offences
in
respect
of
licences
Exceptional1oad
vehic1es
5
12.76
12.5
Ascertainment
ofon
vehic1es
Using
or keepingofaweight
vehic1e
a public road without a
6
licence
Exemptions
from
duty
12.85
12.5
General
7
lı
7i
7
71
7~
7
7
1
7
1
L
E
76
:
76
:
7
6
76
76
4
76
769
12.88
Use
in contravention
ColIection
of duty of the Statutory Off-Road
14
12.89
76
Vehic1e licences
772
Notification
(SORN)
12.9
1 76
5
778/
Effect of failure to transfer a licence
12.98
3 76
12.100
779)
Cakulation of back-duty
12.103
3
769
12.105
775
12.108
77/1
Summaryas to proceedings for payınent of back-duty, etc.
12.110
6
Examples
12.111
77
Failing to display licence
12.112
8
12.113
779
Void cheques: failure to deliver up excise licences
12.114
780
12.115
78
Trade licences Unde~paymentofduty
1
Information as to us er
782
12.121
GeneralIy
782
12.125
Immobilisation, removal and disposal of vehic1es
78
12.127
784
Limitations on Use of trade licences
3
12.128
Immobilisation, removal and disposal
785
783
Duration
of
licences
12.129
786
Offences relating to vouchers
784
12.130
7878
Improper
use
of
vehic1es
under
a
trade
licence
Appeals
against
refusal
to
refund
12.131
64
Exemptions
A "Public road"
78
Northern
Ireland
Scotland
6
XXIV
B "HoIder
of a and
trader
licence"
787
C "Prescribed business purposes"
784
787
~
Content
s
7i 12.134 D "Vehides temporarily in his possession"
7:1 12.135 E
"Workshops"
7J' 12.136 Display of trade plates
76 ,12.137 Offences under the regulations
;:Trade licences: proceedings and penalties
:n
weight
76 12.149 Generally
76 12.152 Trade !icences: penalties 76.
. ."
76'ExcıseIıcences:
regıstratlOn
76' 12.162 Registration
76:
12.167 Sale and transfer of registration marks
76j
12.168 Visitors from abroad
761
12.169 Rear number plate lamps
761 . 12.170
Display of registration marks
.
.
I
761E
d
d
I .76
8 xcıse ıcences: procee ıngs an pena tıes
769
769
ıut a
769
12.182 Fines for breach of the 1971 Regulations
12.183 Who may prosecute and authorisation to do so
12.185 Limitation of time
12.188 Evidence
12.189 Venue
12.190 Burden of proof
12.192 Written plea of guilty procedure
12.193 Mitigated penalties
12.196 Remission of fine or penalty
12.198 Vehicle excise licences: penalties
77
2
77
uty,
3
ete.
773
77
Chapter 13
Goods and Passenger Vehicles
5
776 Driver licensing: large goods vehides, heavy goods vehides, passenger
778 carrying vehicles and public service vehides
779
13.01
Generally
780
13.02 LGV and PCV drivers' licences
781
Fitness of LGV and PCV !icence applicants and holders
782 782 13.06
13.09
The LGV and PCV regulations
783 783
13.IICourt disqualification until test passed
784 784
13.12
Disqualification with revocation when LGV driver under 21
784
13.13
Duration of licence authorisation
13.14 Exemptions from the LGV and PCV licensing requirements
784 785
and from the regulations
786
Other exemptions and special provisions
13.15
786 786
LGV and PCV drivers' licences: exemptions for persons
13.16
787 787
from abroad
LGV and PGV drivers' licences: proceedings and penalties
13.32 Generally
788
788
788
789
789
789
791
792
792
793
793
794
794
795
795
796
797
797
798
798
799
800
800
801
803
803
803
804
806
806
807
807
807
807
808
808
808
xxv
r
Content
s
13.34 Large goods and passenger-carrying vehicles: driving
licence
penalties
Goods vehicle operators' licences
13.45
13.48
13.49
13.50
13.51
13.53
13.57
13.58
13.59
13.61
13.62
13.66
13.70
13.71
13.73
13.79
Generally
Types of operator's licence
Standard operator's licence
Restricted operator's licence
Professional competence, financial standing, ete.
Good repute Authorised vehicles Using a goods
vehicle without an operator's licence
A "Goods vehicle"
B "Use"
C "Hire or reward"
Conditions attached to licences
Operating centres
Environmenta1 control
Exemptions
Exclusions or modifications for certain foreign and
Northem Ireland vehicles
8
1
8
1
8
8
81
1
81
:81
81
81
82q
81
821
81
!
1
821
1
82~
82~
Goods vehicle operators' lieences: proceedings and penalties
13.94
13.95
13.98
Offences of breaches of conditions
Proceedings and penalties: generally
Goods vehicle operators' licences: penalties
Carriage of goods, ete.
13.109
13.113
13.114
13. II 5
13.116
13.11 7
13.125
13.126
13.127
13.128
13.129
13.134
825\
8251
8251
8271
8291
Carriage of controlled waste
829
Offences
830
Exemptions
830
Defences
830
Carriage of controlled waste: proceedings and penalties
831
Conveyance of dangerous substances generally
831
Defences and exemptions
835
Carriage of dangerous goods: training
835
Exemption from 1996 Regulations
836
International conveyance of dangerous substances
836
Conveyance of dangerous substances: carriage of explosives 836
. Carriage of explosives: vehicles carrying passengers for
837 838
hire or reward
13.136 Exemptions
13.139 Conveyance of dangerous substances: radioactive
material
838
Codes of practice: use in evidence
839
13.141
Conveyance of dangerous substances:
839
13.142
840
13.143 proceedings Radioactive material: proceedings and
penalties Conveyance of dangerous substances:
840
13.145
penalties
XXVI
Contents
ng licence
810
812
812
812
813
813
13.1 46
13.1 47
International carriage
International haulage authorisations/permits
840
841
13.1 56
International haulage authorisations/permits: penalties
844
13.157
International carriage of perishable foorlstuffs
845
13.161
International carriage of perishable foodstuffs: penalties
846
Public seıvice vehicles
13.165
813
Generally
814 PSVs: definition and classİfication
816
847
"Public service vehicle"
847
817
13.179
Hiring of taxis at separate fares
848
817
13.181
Local, express and contract services
848
818
13.184
Local services
849
820
13.188
821
13.189
821
822
824
13.190
Local service: traffic regulation eonditions
Other definitions
850
850
A "Excursion or tour"
850
B "Stopping p1ace"
850
13.191
"Used for carrying passengers"
850
13.192
'1\dapted"
851
13.194
"More than eight passengers"
851
i 3. 195
"Hire or reward"
852
825
13.198
"Separate fares"
853
825
13.200
"In the course of a business of carrying passengers"
854
13.201
Certain PSVs not treated as such
855
13.203
Certain PSV serviees not to be regarded as 10cal
825
827
829
829
13.204
830
13.209
830
13.21 i
830
831
i
847
13.177
816
s
847
servıces
855
Registration of PSV services
856
Penalties
London local service 1icences
PSV licensing and fitness requirements
857
857
857
831
13.224
Transport systems including tramways
857
835
13.226
PSV operators' 1icences
858
835
13.229
Standard PSV operator's 1icence
859
836
13.230
Restricted PSV operator's lieence
859
836
836
13.237
13.239
PSV operators' lieences: conditions
Special1ieences (restricted PSV operators' licences)
13.24 i
Relaxations and exemptions from the PSV
837
838
13.243
requirements
Examp1es
863
863
. 838
839
13.248
13.250
13.257
Fitness of PSV s
Services by certaİn educational and other bodies
Offences
864
865
867
839
13.259
Community bus services
868
840
13.264
'840
13.266
Offences
International passenger services
861
862
870
870
XX
VII
-,
Contents
13.271
13.273
13.274
13.276
PSVs registered in Northern Ireland
PSVs registered abroad
Further requirements
Non-regular national passenger services to be permitted
by EV Member States
Penalties
Offences
Cases
"Operator of the vehicle"
"Operator of the service"
Defences
13.27
7
13.27
8
13.27
9
13.28
PSV 3licensing: proceedings and penalties
13.28
13.292
Generally
5
13.296
13.28 Public service vehicles operators' licences, etc.: penalties
Conduct
6 on public service vehicles and tramcars, etc.
13.307 Generally
13.309 Conduct of drivers, inspectors and conductors
13.316 Conduct of passengers
13.321 Carrying capacity
13.322 Lost property
13.323 Conduct on tramcars, etc.
13.326 Conduct on tramcars: proceedings and penalties
Conduct on PSVs: proceedings and penalties
13.338 Generally
13.342 Conduct on PSVs: pena1ties
Generaliy
London
Taxis and private hire vehicles: proceedings and penalties
13.389 Proceedings generaliy
13.392 Rights of appeal: taxis and private hire vehicles
13.395 Penalties
13.396 Taxis and private hire vehicles: penalties
Chapter ı 4
Drivers' Hours and Records
Introduction
14.01
14.06
14.09
14.14
14.19
XXVIII
~
~
8
8
1
~~
a
:
8'
8'
87
87
88
88
1
88
1
88
:
88~
1
8861
1
Taxis and private hire vehicles
13.353
13.370
ı
88~
88
71
88
901
81
901
88
902
904
81
905
88
81
89
01
907
Generally
Application
EC law: summary
Applicable Community rules
National and
internationaljourneys
89
907
1
908
909
89
911
1
912
898
1
...
Contents
Domestic journeys
EC law: definitions
Definitions: "carriage by road"
"Carriage by road" -private use of goods and passenger
vehieles
Tachographs (minibuses)
14.23
14.34
14.44
14.46
14.4
7
923
924
925
Drivers' hours
14.5
5
Drivers'
913
918
922
Generally
hours:
goods
92
5
92
vehieles
6
14.68 National and internationaljourneys
926
14.78 Table I-Goods vehieles: hours and rest periods
929
14.79 Definitions
14.8
929
14.82 Exceptions and exemptions
3
931
93
A Exceptions
14.8
B Exemption for safety purposes (artiele 12) applicable
1
5
to both national and international journeys
93
C National territory exemptions (which mayaıso be
1
14.93
extended by agreement to other EV Member States) 932
D Exemptions for exceptional circumstances
(artiele 13(2)) applicable to both national and international
934
journeys (items 12, 13 and 14 of Schedule)
14.10
937
Burden of proof of exemption
2
937
14.10 Domestic journeys
Exemptions for the drivers of goods vehieles in cases of 939
3 14.1
emergency
09
939
14.1 LO Mİxed journeys
Domestic journeys or work to take into account national 939
and international journeys or work
940
14.111
Goods vehieles' and passenger vehieles' drivers
940
14.112 The AETR agreement
940
Generally
940
14.113
Provisions
14.114
940
Application
14.116
941
Exemption for emergencies
14.117
941
Enforcement
942
Drivers'
hours:
passenger
vehieles
942
14.132 Generally
14.133
14.134
14.135
14.138
14.139
14.141
14.143
National and international journeys
Table 2-Passenger vehieles: hours and rest periods
Exemptions
Burden of proof of exemption
Provisions
Domestic journeys
Mİxed journeys
942
942
943
944
945
945
946
XXIX
.
Contents
Drivers' hours: proceedings
14.15
3
Offences and proceedings; driving and duty periods
14.174
Generally
Drivers' records
Drivers' records: tach~graphs
14.189 Goods vehicles on national and internationaljourneys
Provisions
14.198
Definitions
14.200
Exceptions and exemptions
14.203
Proceedings
14.204
Defences
14.208 Liability of emp10yers for staff defaults
14.214 Tachograph records replacing handwritten records
14.217 Vo1untary use of the tachograph
14.219 Passenger vehicles
14.220 Passenger vehicles: exceptions-domestic journeys or work
14.222 Passenger vehicles: exemptions
14.226 Passenger vehicles: summary
14.227 Table 3-Passenger vehicles: tachographs and records
Drivers' records: manual records
14.234
14.235
14.236
14.237
14.238
14.239
14.242
14.243
14.248
14.249
Generaliy
Definitions
When the manua1 records requirements apply
A Domestic journeys
B Where the Community rules are not applicable
C Certain postal vehicles and the domestic rules
Manual records: exemptions from the 1987 Regulations
Mİxed driving
Provisions of the regulations and cases
The AETR agreement
Liability of employers for staff defaults: generaliy
Drivers' hours and records: proceedings and penalties
14.264
14.268
14.271
14.273
14.274
Proceedings
Penalties
Magistrates' Court Sentencing
Guidelines Drivers' hours: penalties
Drivers' records: penalties
Chapter 15 Theft, Taking Conveyances, Aggravated VehicleTaking, Crlıninal Danıage and Causing Danger to
Road Users
15.01
xxx
Generaliy
~
9
9
:
~~
951
951
951
9581
95!
96~
1
961
1
96\
1
96
2j
963
1
96
3!
96
5
96
5
96
5
96
5
96
5
96
5
966
966
979
967
967
969
969
97\
97\
973
975
976
977
Obtaİnİng a pecunİary advantage
16.29
Content
s
GeneraII
Forgery and frauduIent
appIİcatİons
y
i 6.4 i GeneraIIy
16.42 Forgery
16.45 FaIse statements, etc.
iı
i
I
I
iı
16.4 7 Issue of faIse documents
i 6.48 Test certİficates
16.49 Drİvİng lİcences
Proceedİngs and penaItİes
16.60
GeneraIIy
16.62
~~
i
Forgery, fraudu1ent Use and faIse statements:
penaItİesChapter 17
17.01
17.04
Definitİons
i
i
i
i
Fixed PenaIties
Introductİon
Crown roads and royal parks
17.26
"Fİxed penaIty" "Fİxed
17.27
pena1ty notİce"
17.28
17.2
"Suspended enforcement perİod"
9
"Owner"
17.3
"Notİce to owner"
0
"Statutory statement of ownershİp"
17.3
"Statutory
statement of facts"
Fİxed1penaIty procedure: an outIİne
17.3
17.43
Person present
2
17.50
Statİonary vehİcIe
17.5
Nil response
2
Person served requests hearİng
17.5
Person served not the owner
3
17.5
Person served not the drİver
ScheduIe
4 of fixed penaIty offences
17.5
i 57.66 Descrİptİon of offences
17.69 TabIe of fixed penaIty offences
Fİxed penaIty notİce
10 i
O~
102
102
102
102
1O~
1021
102
i 02~
I02~
I02~
I02~
1O2
~
102
11
102jl
102j
,I
102j
l
17.80 Issue of a fixed penaIty notİce
17.84
17.85
Drİver present; offence endorsabIe
17.87
xxxii
Drİver present; offence not endorsabIe
Drİver absent
Contents of a fixed penaIty notİce
102jl
102
6.
1029'
1029
,
102
9
1030
1
1030
1
1031
p""
Contents
101]
17.88
Notification of court and date of trial
101
Suspended enforcement period
1
101
17.99 Provisions of sections 78 and 52(3)(a)
2
101
17.101 Requests for court hearings
2
101
Driver present
2
101
17.1 02
Driver absent
4
101
17.103
Events subsequent to the suspended enforcement period
5
101
The consequences of inertia
5
17.104
Driver present
101
5
17.107
Driver absent; notice affixed to vehicle
101
6
1031
1032
1032
1032
1032
1032
1033
1033
1033
1034
Service of notice
1035
101
6
101
7
:es
1019
1020
1020
1020
1021
1021
1021
1021
1022
1022
1022
17.1 18 Procedure following service of notice to owner
17.119
Payment during the period allowed for response
1035
17.120
Nil response
1035
17.121
Person served requests a hearing
1035
Person served not the owner
Person served not the driver
False statements in response to notices to owner
1036
1036
1037
17.122
17.123
17.125
Rectification of mistakes
1037
17.138 Statutory declarations
17.140 Procedure where fixed penalty notice given to offender
17.142 Procedure where fixed penalty notice affixed to stationary
vehicle
17.144 Protection from unauthorised actions
1038
1038
Miscellaneous provisions
1025 F10w charts
1026
1029
1037
17.1 36 Driver liab1e to penalty points disqualification
17.155 Penalty points: modification where fixed pena1ty also in
1022
question
17.156
1024
Specia1 provisions for hired vehicles
1024
1024 Operation of the fixed penalty system
1025
17.168 Conclusions and practical prob1ems
1025
1025
1035
17.180
17.181
17.182
17.183
1039
1040
1040
1040
1040
1041
1041
1042
Explanation and key
"Driver present"-endorsab1e offence
"Driver present"-non-endorsab1e offence
"Stationary vehicle"-non-endorsable offence
1029
1029
1030
1030
Conditiona1 offer of fixed penalty
1031
Vehicle emissions: pilot scheme
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
17.194
Introduction
1046
17.196
Issue of conditional offer
1046
1047
XXXL
LL
~
'\
Contents
Chapter 18
Custodial and Other Penalties
Introductİon
LOt
18.01
18.02
18.03
Fİnes
The 1egis1atİve framework
Dİscount for a guilty p1ea
The Magistrates' Court Senteneing
Guidelines
18.13 Generally
18.14 The assessment and İmposİtİon of fines
18.18 Fİnes, costs and compensatİon İmposed on youths
Imprİsonment and other custodİa1 sentences
18.28 Statutory restrİctİons on İmposİtion of custodİa1 sentences
18.31 Length of custodİa1 sentences
18.32 Young offenders and youths; custodİa1 sentences
18.34 Suspended sentences
18.36 Detentİon İn po1İce cells, ete.
18.37 Deferment of sentence
Non-custodİa1
sentences
18.48
Communİty sentences
18.49
Communİty rehabilİtatİon orders
18.52
Abso1ute or condİtİona1 dİscharge
18.54
Communİty punİshment orders
18.57
Communİty punİshment and rehabİ1İtation
18.58
Curfew orders
18.59
Compensation
18.64
Forfeİture of property used for cnmİna1 purposes
Costs
18.76
18.79
18.83
18.86
18.88
Generally
Defendanes costs orders
Award of costs agaİnst the accused
Prİvate prosecutors
Awards of costs İn other cİrcumstances
Chapter 19
Endorseınent and Penalty Poİnts
Endorsement
19.01
19.02
19.03
19.07
19.08
19.09
XXXiV
Summary
Tab1e of endorsab1e offences
Requİrement to endorse
Omİssİon to order endorsement
Endorsement as evİdence
Notİficatİon of endorsement
10
~
10
4.
10
51
105
Pe
105'
105
105
105
105
1 05~
1
lOS'
lOS
1
lOS:
10S
1051
i
Pf:
lOS!
10S
lOS~
1
10Sj Ri
106
~
106i
j
106\
106i
j
i
106\
106ı '
106
6
106
J
106
8
106
8
1071
1071
1072
1074
1075
1076
1076
1
-Contents
alties
19.1
1
19.1
2
119.1
3
19.14
falty
points
i 19.15
.
19.18
I' 19.29
Committal for sentence
Remittal for sentence
Deferment of sentence
Adjournment for sentence
Attempts
Aiders and abettors
1079
Summary
1/ 19.30
II 19.31
Endorsement
Number of points to be endorsed
19.33 Disqualification
L
S
"Wiping the slate dean"
1~ 19.34
entence i~ 19.35
s
wl 19.36
Period of disqualification
Crown servants
1~1 19.37 Number of points to be endorsed
1~ 19.38 Variable points
l~t 19.41 Fixed penalties and penalty points
101 19.42 Fixed
101
points offences
19.44 Penalty points for obligatorily disqualifiable offences
19.46
Offences committed on the same occasion
10~rocedure on conviction
ıı; 19.60 Production of driving !icence for endorsement
lOJRemoval of endorsement
10~
106 19.76 Application for removal of endorsement
106
106
Chapter 20
Disqualification
106
General principles
106!
20.0 i Summary
106ı 106i 106i 1068
20.02
Obligatory orders of disqualification
20.03
Discretionary orders of disqualification
20.04
Period and commencement of disqua!ification
20.05
Escaping disqualification by deception
20.06
Notification of disease or disability
20.07
Probationary period for newly qualified drivers
20.08
Removal of disqua!ification
1071
20.09 Scope and effect of disqualification
20. ı 3 Undertaking not to drive
1071
20.14 Period and commencement of disqualification
1072 20.21 Attempts
1074 1075 Obligatory disqualifications
1076 20.30 Obligatory disqualification
1076
20.36
1077
1077
1077
1077
1077
1078
Second conviction for drink/ driving, ete., offences
1079
1079
1080
1080
1080
1080
1080
1081
1081
1082
1083
1083
1084
1086
1086
1089
1089
1091
1091
1091
1092
1092
1092
1092
1093
1093
1093
1094
1094
1098
1098
1098
1100
XXXV
Contents
20.38 Summary of penalty points disqualifieation 20.42
Penalty points required to be taken into aeeount 20.53
"Wiping the slate dean"
20.56 Period of disqualifieation
ıı~
LLL IL~S
I
LLL ' LLL
i II ilı
Diseretionary disqualifieations
20.63 Exercise of diseretionary power
20.65 Disqualifieation where vehide used for erime
20.72 Disqualifieation for arıy offenee or for the enforeement of
fines
Disqualifieation pending passing a driving test
20.74
Interim disqualifieation
20.81
Disqualifieation on eommittal for sentenee Disqualifieation
20.85
from driving for non-payment of ehild support
20.90
Miseellaneous matters
20.100 Eseaping disqualifieation by deeeption 20.102
Notifieation of disease or disability
20.106 Courses for drink/ drive offenders
20.108 Probationary period for newly qualified drivers
Removal of disqualifieation
20.116 Applieation for removal
20.119 Proeedure for removal
Chapter 21
21.0 i
Special Reasons and Mitigating
Circ1UDstances
Introduction
Special reasons
21.15
Definition and eriteria
Examples of speeial reasons
Generally
21.31
21.32
Insuranee
21.36
Drink/ driving
21.38
Explanations for being unfit: eharges under section 4
21.
Explanations for having exeess aleohol in the body:
40
eharges under section 5
21.49
Emergeney
21.57
Shortness of distanee driven
21.62
Miseellaneous eİreumstanees
21.68
Dangerous and eareless driving
21.70
Trafik signs, pedestrian erossings, school erossings Speed
21.72
limits
21.74
Motorways
21.75
Aeeidents
XXXVi
1l2
~
112~
1
1132, i
12~1
11321
11321
11341
11351
1135
11391
II 42
1145
II 48
1149
1149
1150
1151
--
Contents
LJ~ 21.76 Driving whilst disqualified
1 la 21.77 Constmetion
and
.
Regulations
.
S a
d
Ila peeı Lreasons: praetıee an dproee ure
110
21.8 ı
11 a
Use
21.9 ı
1154
Penalty points disqualifieation
1155
grounds
1155
1156
1157
22.3
1129
3
22.44
22.53
High
1132
Court of senteneing
Reviews
113
2
113
2
1134
1135
1135
1139
1142
1145
1148
1149
1149
1150
1151
1154
1111 Mitigating cireumstanees: excluded
111~
21.105 Cireumstanees al1eged to make the offenee not
serious
111;
2 ı .1 06 Hardship other than exeeptional hardship
1119
1118
21.110 Any eireumstanees previously taken into aeeount
112
Mitigating cireumstanees: praetiee and proeedure
Chapter 22 Appeals
0
21.123 Onus of proof, ete.
1120 Introduction
112
22.01
Rights of appeal
1
22.03
Appeals general1y
112
22.08
Suspension of disqualifieation pending appeal
2
112
Crown Court
3
22.2
Seope of right and proeedure
1124
2
Offenees heard at the same time
22.3
Abandonment of appeal
1124
1129
2
1125
1129
1152
1152
Onus of proof, ete.
11 a Mitigating eireumstanees
111/
1151
1151
Cases stated
Applieation for judieial review
1158
1161
1161
1162
1164
1166
1166
1171
1171
1172
1172
1175
1180
Royal parclon
22.8
1
1158
Free pardon and remission of penalties
Appendix ı
1180
1180
Drink/Driving
Alcahal eoneentrations
Table of metabolie losses for breath and blood analyses with
time Lion Intoxİmeter 3000
Camie Breath Analyser
Sample printouts
Camie Datamaster
Intoximeter EC/IR
Lion intoxylizer 6000UK
1185
1187
1189
1190
1191
1192
1194
1197
xxxvıı
Content
s
Appendix 2
DVLA endorsement codes
Endorseınent and Sentence Codes
Appendix 3
Sentencİng Guidelines
Appendix 4
Driving Offences Charging Standard
Driving Offences Charging Standard agreed by the police and
Crown Prosecution Service
Index
12
]2