Detail overview of available outlook indicators for South Eastern
Europe (SEE) and Eastern European, Caucasus and Central Asian
countries (EECCA)
Overview* presents detailed information about available outlook indicators for SEE
and EECCA countries.
The table contains the following information about indicators: name of an indicator,
units, form of presentation in the source, time frame, geographical coverage,
model and/or scenario, scale of calculation, source and a page number. Web
available references contain hyperlinks to enable a user to access sources directly
from this file.
Annex 1 contains the list of references.
Table of content:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Energy .................................................................................................. 3
Transport .............................................................................................. 6
Climate change ..................................................................................... 7
Air ....................................................................................................... 10
Agriculture in relation to climate change ............................................. 13
Water .................................................................................................. 16
Waste.................................................................................................. 20
Terrestrial ............................................................................................ 20
Biodiversity ......................................................................................... 21
Annex 1. List of references ................................................................. 22
Annex 2. Additional Sources screened with comments on the
relevance to the aim of this literature review ........ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
* Overview is the result of the EEA project undertaken by UNEP GRID Arendal
and NERI Denmark in 2006/2007.
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Indicator
1.
Energy
1.1
Energy prices1
1.1.1
Real Average Electricity and
Natural Gas Prices, USD
(graph)
1.2.
Energy demand and
consumption – total and by
fuel type
Total Final Consumption by
fues and industry, Mtoe,
Shares % (tables)
Sectors: Industry, Transport,
Electricity generation, Other
Sectors2
Total Final Consumption by
fues and sector 4
1.2.1.
1.2.2.
1.2.3.
Primary energy consumption
per capita by region, toe per
capita (map)
Time
frame
Geographical
coverage
Model
Scale of
calculation
20002005
Russia
IEA’s World
Energy
Model
Calculated
for one
country Russia
19712030
EU – 25, OECD Europe including
Turkey, Russia,
Transition
economies3
IEA’s World
energy model
Calculated
by region
2000 2020
Some EECCA
and Balkarns5
2030
World map,
OECD Europe,
Russia and other
transition
economies
Notes
1. IEA, World energy outlook
2004, p. 293
Regional data
is well
presented,
Russia is a
separate item
Calculated
by country
IEA’s World
Energy
Model
Calculated
by region
Source and its
number according to
the list of reference
See
footnote1 for
regions’
definition
1. IEA, World energy outlook
2004, Annex A, pp. 470 – 473 (for
transition economies), pp. 474 –
477 (for Russia)
23. IPCC. National
Communications in Compliance
with the Obligations under the
UNFCCC. (see special report.
Deliverable 6 and Deliverable 7).
1. IEA, World energy outlook
2004. p. 67
1
In the World Energy Outlook 2004 it is possible to find assumptions for energy prices for the time period 2003-2030. They can be found at IEA (2004) p. 47, p.48 and p.50. These are
however can not be interpreted as forecast.
2
Total final Energy consumption (1990 – 2020) aggregated by OECD regions: Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, non-OECD, are in ref. 17. OECD (2001), p. 173
3
In the World Energy Outlook – 2004 the regions are divided as following: OECD Europe: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
4
National Communications of some countries are more comprehensive than others. For more details see a special report on screening of the National communications (Deliverable 6
and Deliverable 7).
5
Selected EECCA - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tadzjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Selected Balkans – Albania, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Turkey (not available yet). For some regions the data are presented in form of graphs for some the numbers are presented in text description.
3
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7
27. UN SPECA, Diagnostic report
on energy resources in Central
Asia. UN Special Programme for
Economies in Central Asia.
Section 5.4
http://www.unece.org/speca/ener
gy/documents/ere.doc
1. IEA, World energy outlook
2004, p. 295
See
footnote1 for
regions’
definition
All former
soviet Union
excluding
Baltic States
See
footnote1 for
regions’
definition
1. IEA, World energy outlook
2004, p. 69
Calculated
by country
All former
soviet Union
excluding
Baltic States
3. UNECE (2001), Energy
efficiency and Energy Security in
the Commonwealth of
Independent States (2001), p. 26
Calculated
by region
See
footnote1 for
regions’
definition
1. IEA, World energy outlook
2004, p. 63
Primary energy consumption
per capita (one figure, 2.76
tce per capita – 2020 and
2.69 tce per capita - 2000)
2000,
2020
Central Asia6
Business as
usual
Calculated
by region
1.2.5.
Primary energy demand per
capita, Mtoe (table)
1990 –
2030
Russia
IEA’s World
Energy
Model
1.2.6.
Energy consumption in
residential sector per capita
by fuel, toe per capita, (bar
cahrt)
Primary energy resources for
domestic needs, Mlt (table)
2030
OECD, Transition
Economies
IEA’s World
Energy
Model
Calculated
for one
country –
Russia
Calculated
by region
1997 2010
CIS7
Forecast,
UNECE
Calculated
by country
1.2.8.
Growth rate primary energy
demand (one figure) – 1,4%
per year
20022020
Transition
economies,
excluding Russia
IEA’s World
Energy
Model
Calculated
by region
1.2.9.
Electricity consumption, bln
kWh (table)
1997 2010
CIS2
Forecast,
UNECE
1.3.
Energy intensity
1.3.1.
Primary energy intensity per
capita, toe per 1000$ of GDP
(graph)
1970 –
2030
OECD, Transition
Economies
IEA’s World
Energy
Model
1.2.7.
6
The results text form with
some figures
for the whole
region.
1.2.4.
3. UNECE (2001), Energy
efficiency and Energy Security in
the Commonwealth of
Independent States (2001)
p. 22
1. IEA, World energy outlook
2004, p. 281
Central Asia - Kazakhstan, Kyryzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
CIS – Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine
4
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2000,
2020
Central Asia
Business as
usual
Calculated
by region
The results in
the text form
with some
figures for the
whole region.
27. UN SPECA, Diagnostic report
on energy resources in Central
Asia. UN Special Programme for
Economies in Central Asia.
Section 5.4
http://www.unece.org/speca/ener
gy/documents/ere.doc
Primary energy suppy, total,
by fuel, by types of
generation, Mtoe (tables)
19712050
IEA’s World
Energy
Model
Calculated
by region
Energy production by fuel (oil
Mlt, coal Mlt, gas, Bem)
1997 –
2010
Forecast
UNECE
Calculated
by country
1.4.3
Total oil production, Ml
barrel/day
19902025
Reference Case
By regions +
Russia
1.4.4
Total Electricity production,
Gwh (table)
19952025,
2050,
2075,
2100
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS8
Western
Europe,
Transition
Economies:
FSU (Russia,
Caspian and
other FSU),
Eastern
Europe
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
See
footnote1 for
regions’
definition
All former
soviet Union
excluding
Baltic States
Definitions of
the regions
are not found
1. IEA, World energy outlook
2004, p. 470
1.4.2
Transition
Economies,
Russia,
European OECD
CIS
Coarse level
of
aggregation,
for regions in
column 3
Turkey is not
included
1.4.5
Electric power generation and
installed capacity, TWh, GWh
19972010
CIS
Forecast
UNECE
Calculated
by country
All former
soviet Union
excluding
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
p. 4-7
3. UNECE (2001), Energy
efficiency and Energy Security in
the Commonwealth of
Independent States (2001), p. 26
1.3.2.
Primary energy intensity per
capita, toe per 1000$ of GDP
(text)
1.4.
Energy production
1.4.1
3. UNECE (2001), Energy
efficiency and Energy Security in
the Commonwealth of
Independent States (2001) p. 22,
23, 25
26. USEIA (2005), International
Energy Outlook 2005, US Energy
Information Administration,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/pd
f/ieooil.pdf
Western Europe – Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, United Kingdom; European CIS - Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, European Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; Eastern Europe – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Rep, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Yugoslavia.
8
5
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Baltic States
1.5.
Renewable energy
consumption
1.5.1.
Change in developed
hydropower potential, %
(table)
2
Transport
2.1.
Total Passenger Travel
(includes LDV, all Air, Pass
Rail, 2-3 wheelers, buses and
mini-buses), pass-km
travelled, pkm (table),
Total Freight Travel (includes
heavy trucks, freight rail - no
tonne-km data available for
water), tonne-km travelled
(table).
Passenger Travel by mode
(includes LDV, all Air, Pass
Rail, 2-3 wheelers, buses and
mini-buses), pass-km
travelled, pkm (table)
Freight Travel by mode
(includes heavy trucks, freight
rail - no tonne-km data
available for water), tonne-km
travelled (table).
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
9
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
p. 8-15
2020,
2070
EU-25, European
EECCA, Balkans
and Turkey,
Bulgaria and
Romania9
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
Calculated
by country,
Balkans
aggregated
20002050
OECD-Europe,
eastern Europe,
Former Soviet
Union
Calculated
by regions
All EECCA,
Balkans and
Turkey are
included
2. WBCSD (2004), Mobility 2030.
spread sheets at:
http://www.wbcsd.org/web/publica
tions/mobility/smp-modelspreadsheet.xls
20002050
OECD-Europe,
eastern Europe,
Former Soviet
Union
Calculated
by regions
All EECCA,
Balkans and
Turkey are
included
2. WBCSD (2004), Mobility 2030.
spread sheets at:
http://www.wbcsd.org/web/publica
tions/mobility/smp-modelspreadsheet.xls
20002050
OECD-Europe,
eastern Europe,
Former Soviet
Union
Calculated
by regions
All EECCA,
Balkans and
Turkey are
included
2. WBCSD (2004), Mobility 2030.
spread sheets at:
http://www.wbcsd.org/web/publica
tions/mobility/smp-modelspreadsheet.xls
20002050
OECD-Europe,
eastern Europe,
Former Soviet
Union
IEA/ETP
model, WBC
for SD,
reference
scenario
IEA/ETP
model, WBC
for SD,
reference
scenario
IEA/ETP
model, WBC
for SD,
reference
scenario
IEA/ETP
model, WBC
for SD,
reference
scenario
Calculated
by regions
All EECCA,
Balkans and
Turkey are
included
2. WBCSD (2004), Mobility 2030.
spread sheets at:
http://www.wbcsd.org/web/publica
tions/mobility/smp-modelspreadsheet.xls
European EECCA – Belarus, European Russia, Moldova; Balkans – Yugoslavia, Macedonia, Bosnia,-Herzogovina
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Western Europe,
Central and
Eastern Europe,
Non- OECD
Western Europe,
Central and
Eastern Europe,
Non- OECD
OECD
reference
scenario
Calculated
by region
EECCA is
aggregated in
non-OECD
17. OECD environmental outlook
(2001), p. 171
http://www1.oecd.org/publications
/e-book/9701011e.pdf
OECD
reference
scenario
Calculated
by region
EECCA is
aggregated in
non-OECD
17. OECD environmental outlook
(2001), p. 172
http://www1.oecd.org/publications
/e-book/9701011e.pdf
OECD Europe
including Turkey,
Russia, other
transition
economies
EU-25, Selected
EECCA and
Balkans
IEA’s World
energy model
Calculated
by region
See
footnote1 for
regions’
definition
1. IEA, World energy outlook
2004. Annex A, pp. 470 – 473 (for
transition economies), pp. 474 –
477 (for Russia)
IPCC models
Calculated
by country
Selected
EECCA and
Balkans10
23. IPCC. National
Communications in Compliance
with the Obligations under the
UNFCCC. (see special report)
20002050
OECD-Europe,
eastern Europe,
Former Soviet
Union
Calculated
by regions
All EECCA,
Balkans and
Turkey are
included.
2. WBCSD (2004), Mobility 2030.
spread sheets at:
http://www.wbcsd.org/web/publica
tions/mobility/smp-modelspreadsheet.xls
19882020
Belarus, Bulgaria,
Russia,
Kazakhstan,
Ukraine
IEA/ETP
model, WBC
for SD,
reference
scenario
Mitigation
scenario
By country
No other
ccountries
4. (also ref. 5, 6, 7, 8) UNECE
(2005) - Experience of
International Organizations in
Promoting Energy Efficiency, N
23, 24, 25, 26
2.5.
Motor vehcle kilometers
traveled (VKT) total and by
mode, (Bar chart)
19952020
2.6.
Global passenger air travel,
pkm (graph)
19952020
3.
Climate change
3.1.
GHG emissions.
3.1.1
CO2 Emissions, total, by fuel
and by sector, Mlt
1971 –
2030
3.1.2.
CO2, CH4, N2O emissions,
total and by sectors: energy,
agriculture, waste, industrial
processes, total CO2
equivalent Tg (tables and
graphs)
CO2 emissions by transport
modal split, Mlt11
1990 –
2020
Total GHG emissions in CO2
equivalent, Mlt (CO2, CH4
and N2O)
3.1.3.
3.1.4.
Some EECCA - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tadzjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Selected Balkans – Albania, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Turkey (not available yet). For some regions the data are presented in form of graphs for some the numbers are presented throughout the text.
11
Global emissions from motor vehicles(1990 – 2020) by following regions: Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, non-OECD, are in ref. 17. OECD (2001), p. 173
10
7
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3.1.5.
CO2, CH4, N2O, PFCs,
HFCs, SFs emissions
19902020
EU-23, EU-15,
non- EU 23
RAINS, base
line
By country
Regional may
be similar as
in 2.8. Have to
check with
Marcus Amann
+43 22 36 8070
3.2
3.2.1.
Impacts (see additional
impacts on water resources
indicators 6.6 and impact
on biodiversity indicators
8.1, 8.2, 8.7, 8.8)
Change in temperature
3.2.2.
Change in temperature
1990 –
2070
3.2.3.
Change in precipitation
1990 –
2100
1990 –
2100
Global and may
be by region to
be checked. The
regions in the
model include:
OECD- Europe,
Eastern Europe
and Former
Soviet Union
EU-25, Selected
EECCA and
Balkans
IMAGE
Global and may
be by region to
be checked. The
regions in the
model include:
OECD- Europe,
IMAGE
20. IIASA (2004) The Extension
of the RAINS Model to
Greenhouse Gases.
http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/report
s/ir-04-015.pdf
Calculated
by regions
The disk has
been ordered
21. IMAGE 2.2
implementation of the SRES
scenarios A comprehensive
analysis of emissions, climate
change and impacts in the 21st
century. Online available:
http://www.mnp.nl/image/image_p
roducts/ should be checked a CD
has been ordered and has not
arrived yet.
Presneted by
countries,
calculated?
Some
selected
EECCA and
some
selected
Balkans (see
details
separate
doc)12
The disk has
been ordered
23. IPCC. National
Communications in Compliance
with the Obligations under the
UNFCCC. (see special report)
Calculated
by regions
21. IMAGE 2.2
implementation of the SRES
scenarios A comprehensive
analysis of emissions, climate
change and impacts in the 21st
century. Online available:
http://www.mnp.nl/image/image_p
roducts/ should be checked a CD
has been ordered and has not
12
selected EECCA - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tadzjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Selected Balkans – Albania, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Macedonia, Romania (Not all of the reports contain these data. The projections years are different. See deliverable 6 and Deliverable 7 for more details).
8
07/03/2016
3.2.4.
Change in precipitation
1990 2080
3.2.5.
Ecosystem composition
(species lost/gained
compared to 1990) due to
climate change
1990 –
2100
3.2.6.
Change in biodiversity due to
the climate change mitigation
option and spatial distribution
of biodiversity in the baseline
development (map)
2000 –
2050
3.2.7.
Change in land use and
forest ecosystems
composition due to climate
change
2080
arrived yet.
Eastern Europe
and Former
Soviet Union
Global and by
country
Calculated
globally and
by country
Global and may
be by region to
be checked. The
regions in the
model include:
OECD- Europe,
Eastern Europe
and Former
Soviet Union
Europe, Russia
and North Asia
IMAGE
Calculated
by regions
Globio/IMAG
E, Base line
scenario
Calculated
by region
IPCC countries,
EU-25, Some
Balkans, Some
FSU
GAP model
Calculated
by country
Some
selected
EECCA and
some
selected
Balkans (see
details
separate doc)
Might be
found in the
Euromove
model (CD
has been
ordered)
23. IPCC. National
Communications in
Compliance with the Obligations
under the UNFCCC. (see special
report)
21. RIVM (2005) should be
checked
10. The Netherlands
Environmental Assessment
Agency (2006). Cross-roads of
Planet Earth’s Life Exploring
means to meet the 2010
biodiversity Target
http://www.biodiv.org/doc/gbo2/cb
d-gbo2-global-scenarios.pdf
Figure 23: p. 82 (Russia) figure
26, p 85 (Europe)
Screened the
Bulgaria
report and
assume that
these data is
available in
other national
communicatio
ns
23. IPCC. National
Communications in Compliance
with the Obligations under the
UNFCCC. (see special report)
9
07/03/2016
3.2.8.
Soil Errosion as a result of
climate change
3.2.9.
Critical regions (i) a decrease
in the return period of the
current 100-year drought to
50 years or less and (ii) a
decrease in the return period
of the current 100-year flood
to 50 years or less. (map)
2070
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
scenario
Coarse level
of
aggregation,
for regions in
column 3
Under two
CC models:
HadCM3.
Central Asia
is not
included.
4.
Air
4.1.
Emissions acidifying
pollutants-
4.1.1.
SO2 emissions total and by
sectors (power plants,
industry, domestic, road
transport, off-road mobile
sources, other) kilotons –
tables13
SO2 emissions, Gg per year,
total (tables)
19902030
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe,
NIS14
RAINS,
currents
legislation
Calculated
by country
and
aggregated
by regions
Spread
sheets are
available.
Good data
set.
1980 –
2020
43 countries in
Europe15
EMEP, Base
line scenario
Calculated
and
presented by
country
Good Data
sets!
Nox emissions total and by
sector (power plants,
19902030
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe,
RAINS,
currents
Calculated
by country
Spread
sheets are
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
23. IPCC. National
Communications in Compliance
with the Obligations under the
UNFCCC. (see special report)
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources p. 9-16
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
19. IIASA (2005) Scenarios of
World Anthropogenic Emissions
of Air Pollutants and Methane up
to 2030.
http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/global
_emiss/global_emiss.html
25. EMEP (2004), Transboundary
Acidification and Eutrophication
and Ground Level Ozone in
Europe.
http://www.emep.int/publ/common
_publications.html
Annex 1. Table 1.
19. IIASA (2005) Scenarios of
World Anthropogenic Emissions
of Air Pollutants and Methane up
13
Ambient air quality to be requested from the authors. RAINS model. cofala@iiasa.ac.at
Western Europe - Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom; Eastern Europe -, Hungary, Poland, the Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Macedonia, Poland,
Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Yugoslavia; NIS – Armenia, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Other FSU Asia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia; Other FSU
Asia – Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
15
Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Moldova, Macedonia, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Serbia and
Montenegro, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.
14
10
07/03/2016
industry, domestic, road
transport, off-road mobile
sources, other) kilotons –
tables
NO2 emissions, Gg per year,
total (table)
NIS
legislation
and
aggregated
by regions
available.
Good data
set.
1980 –
2020
43 countries in
Europe
EMEP, Base
line scenario
Calculated
and
presented by
country
Good Data
sets!
4.1.7.
Ammonia emissions, total, Gg
of NH3 per year (table)
1980 –
2020
43 countries in
Europe
EMEP, Base
line scenario
Calculated
and
presented by
country
Good Data
sets!
4.1.8.
Ammonia emissions by
livestock projections, Gg of
NH3 per year (table)
1997 –
2030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies4
FAO Food
model
Calculated
by countries,
presented by
regions
4.1.9.
Non-methane VOC
emissions, total, Gg of
NMVOC per year (table)
1980 –
2020
43 countries in
Europe
EMEP, Base
line scenario
Calculated
and
presented by
country
Very big
region
aggregated. If
possible to
find the
calculation
tables – good
set of
indicators
Good Data
sets!
4.2.
Emissions of ozone
precursors
4.2.1.
CO emissions total and by
sector (power plants,
industry, domestic, road
transport, off-road mobile
sources, other), kilotons
19902030
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe,
NIS
RAINS,
currents
legislation
Calculated
by country
and
aggregated
by regions
4.1.4.
Spread
sheets are
available.
Good data
set.
to 2030.
http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/global
_emiss/global_emiss.html
25. EMEP (2004), Transboundary
Acidification and Eutrophication
and Ground Level Ozone in
Europe.
http://www.emep.int/publ/common
_publications.html
Annex 1. Table 2.
25. EMEP (2004), Transboundary
Acidification and Eutrophication
and Ground Level Ozone in
Europe.
http://www.emep.int/publ/common
_publications.html
Annex 1. Table 3.
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm P. 338,
Chapter 12.
25. EMEP (2004), Transboundary
Acidification and Eutrophication
and Ground Level Ozone in
Europe.
http://www.emep.int/publ/common
_publications.html
, Annex 1. Table 4.
19. IIASA (2005) Scenarios of
World Anthropogenic Emissions
of Air Pollutants and Methane up
to 2030.
http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/global
_emiss/global_emiss.html
11
07/03/2016
(table)
4.2.2.
CO emissions total, Gg of CO
per year, (table)
1980 –
2020
43 countries in
Europe
EMEP, Base
line scenario
Calculated
and
presented by
country
Good Data
sets!
4.2.3.
Nox emissions total and by
sector (power plants,
industry, domestic, road
transport, off-road mobile
sources, other) kilotons
(table)
NO2 emissions, Gg per year,
total (table)
19902030
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe,
NIS
RAINS,
currents
legislation
Calculated
by country
and
aggregated
by regions
Spread
sheets are
available.
Good data
set.
1980 –
2020
43 countries in
Europe
EMEP, Base
line scenario
Calculated
and
presented by
country
Good Data
sets!
4.2.4.
4.3.
Emissions of primary
particulates
4.3.1.
PM 2,5 emissions, total, Gg of
PM 2,5 per year, (table)
1980 –
2020
43 countries in
Europe
EMEP, Base
line scenario
Calculated
and
presented by
country
Good Data
sets!
4.3.2.
PM 10 emissions, total, Gg of
PM 10 per year (table)
1980 –
2020
43 countries in
Europe
EMEP, Base
line scenario
Calculated
and
presented by
country
Good Data
sets!
4.4.
Exceedences of air quality
limit values in urban areas
25. EMEP (2004), Transboundary
Acidification and Eutrophication
and Ground Level Ozone in
Europe.
http://www.emep.int/publ/common
_publications.html
Annex 1. Table 5.
19. IIASA (2005) Scenarios of
World Anthropogenic Emissions
of Air Pollutants and Methane up
to 2030.
http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/global
_emiss/global_emiss.html
25. EMEP (2004), Transboundary
Acidification and Eutrophication
and Ground Level Ozone in
Europe.
http://www.emep.int/publ/common
_publications.html
Annex 1. Table 2.
25. EMEP (2004), Transboundary
Acidification and Eutrophication
and Ground Level Ozone in
Europe.
http://www.emep.int/publ/common
_publications.html
Annex 1. Table 6.
25. EMEP (2004), Transboundary
Acidification and Eutrophication
and Ground Level Ozone in
Europe.
http://www.emep.int/publ/common
_publications.html
Annex 1. Table 7.
12
07/03/2016
4.4.1.
Exceedence of critical levels
for ozone (bar chart)
1990 –
2010
Central and
Eastern Europe,
Western Europe
OECD
reference
scenario
Calculated
by region
EECCA is
aggregated in
non-OECD
4.4.2.
Exceedence of critical ozone
loads for sensitive
ecosystems (bar chart)
1995 –
2010
Central and
Eastern Europe,
Western Europe
OECD
reference
scenario
Calculated
by region
EECCA is
aggregated in
non-OECD
5.
Agriculture in
relation to climate
change
5.1.
Livestock patterns
5.1.1.
Meat production, number of
cattle and pig (table)
2004 –
2014
EU-15, EU-new
Ukraine, Russia,
Other CIS
FAPRI model
Calculated
by countries
and
accumulated
in regions
and countries
Central Asia
– in other
CIS, Balkans
– other
Eastern
Europe,
Turkey -?
Very big
region
aggregated. If
possible to
find the
calculation
tables – good
5.1.2
Meat production, number of
animals (cattle and buffaloes,
sheep and goats, pig, poultry)
(table)
1969 –
2030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies16
FAO Food
model
Calculated
by countries,
presented by
regions
17. OECD environmental outlook
(2001), p 241
http://www1.oecd.org/publications
/e-book/9701011e.pdf p. 189
EEA (1999)
Europe’s Environment the
Second Assessments
17. OECD environmental outlook
(2001), p 241
http://www1.oecd.org/publications
/e-book/9701011e.pdf p. 189
EEA (1999) Europe’s
Environment the Second
Assessments
13. U.S. AND WORLD
AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
(2005),
http://www.fapri.iastate.edu/Outlo
ok2005/text/FAPRI_OutlookPub2
005.pdf
p. 328, 333, 335, 336, 341.
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm, 165,
Chapter 5.
16
Industrial countries - European Union: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United
Kingdom; Other western Europe: Iceland, Malta, Norway, Switzerland; North America: Canada, United States; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand; Other developed countries: Israel,
Japan, South Africa. (In the analysis the European Union was treated as one country group (EU-15)). Transition countries - Eastern Europe and the former Yugoslavia SFR: Albania,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Former Yugoslav Republic, of Macedonia, Yugoslavia;
Commonwealth of Independent States: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova Republic, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan; Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
13
07/03/2016
set of
indicators
5.2.
Cropping patterns
5.2.1.
Cereal balances:
demand, production, net
trade, per capita, kg and total:
food/all uses MlnT, growth
rates % (table)
19642030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies4
FAO Food
model
Calculated
by countries,
presented by
regions
5.2.2.
Aggregate consumption of
cereals by category of use:
food, feed, other uses and
waste, total Mlt, per capite, kg
(table)
19742030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies4
FAO Food
model
Calculated
by countries,
presented by
regions
5.2.3.
Net trade balances of wheat,
coarse grains and rice, Mlt
(table)
19742030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies4
FAO Food
model
Calculated
by countries,
presented by
regions
5.2.4.
Oil crops, vegetables oils and
products, production and
demand, Mlt (table)
1997 –
2030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies4
FAO Food
model
Calculated
by countries,
presented by
regions
Very big
region
aggregated. If
possible to
find the
calculation
tables – good
set of
indicators
Very big
region
aggregated. If
possible to
find the
calculation
tables – good
set of
indicators
Very big
region
aggregated. If
possible to
find the
calculation
tables – good
set of
indicators
Very big
region
aggregated. If
possible to
find the
calculation
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm Chapter 3,
p. 65
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm,
Chapter 3, p. 78
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm,
Chapter 3, p. 99
14
07/03/2016
5.2.5.
Vegetable oils, oilseeds and
products, food use: past and
projected, Mlt (table)
1997 –
2030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies4
FAO Food
model
Calculated
by countries,
presented by
regions
5.2.6
19952020
Wester Europe,
Central and
Enstern Europe,
Non- OECD
OECD
reference
scenario
Calculated
by region
5.3.
Agricultural Production,
change in regional shares by
commodity: beef, other meat,
milk, wheat &grains, rice,
other crops), % (graph)
Use of fertilizers
5.3.1
Fertiliser consumption
1961 –
2030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies4
FAO Food
Model
Calculated
by countries.
Presented by
regions:
Industrial
countries and
transition
economies
5.4.
Environmental Impact of
Agriculture
5.4.1
Ammonia emissions implied
by the livestock projections,
kilot per year and % (graph)
1997 –
2030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies4
FAO Food
Model
Calculated
by countries
tables – good
set of
indicators
Very big
region
aggregated. If
possible to
find the
calculation
tables – good
set of
indicators
EECCA is
aggregated in
non-OECD
Very big
region
aggregated. If
possible to
find the
calculation
tables – good
set of
indicators
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm
Chapter 3, p. 102
17. OECD environmental outlook
(2001), p 87
http://www1.oecd.org/publications
/e-book/9701011e.pdf
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm
p. 149, Chapter 4.
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm
p. 338, Chapter 12.
15
07/03/2016
5.4.2.
Estimated gross carbon
sequestration per year by
cropland soils
19972030
Industrialised
countries,
transition
economies4
FAO Food
model
Calculated
by countries,
presented by
regions
5.4.3.
Ammonia emissions total and
by sector (Livestock farming,
rice cultivation, waste (solid
waste and wastewater),
production and distribution of
fuels in the coal, gas and oil
sectors) kilotons – tables
19902030
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe,
NIS17
RAINS,
currents
legislation
Calculated
by country
and
aggregated
by regions
6.
Water
6.1.
Water availability and
withdrawals
6.1.1.
Percentage change in
average annual water
availability for European
rivers basins as compared to
today’s levels (map)
2001,
2020,
2070
European Rivers,
Countries of
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
scenario
Rivers and
country
6.1.2.
Percentage change in annual
total water withdrawals for
European river basins (map)
2020,
2070
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
scenario
Coarse level
of
aggregation,
Very big
region
aggregated. If
possible to
find the
calculation
tables – good
set of
indicators
Very good
data sets!
14. FAO (2003), World
agriculture: towards 2015/2030
FAO,
http://www.fao.org/documents/sho
w_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y
3557e/y3557e00.htm
Chapter 3, p. 102
Two General
Circulation
Models
(ECHAM4
and
HadCM3)
Central Asia
is not
included
Central Asia
is not
included
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources, etc.p. 5-4
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
19. IIASA (2005) Scenarios of
World Anthropogenic Emissions
of Air Pollutants and Methane up
to 2030.
http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/global
_emiss/global_emiss.html
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
17
NIS – Armenia, Belarus, Estonia, Former USSR Asia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine. Eastern Europe –Czech Rep, Hungary,
Poland, Slovak Republic, Turkey (OECD members), Romania, Bulgaria; Western Europe – Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK.
16
07/03/2016
Resources .p. 5-6
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
for regions in
column 3
6.1.3.
Water withdrawals (km3/yr)
sector (table)
2070
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
scenario
Coarse level
of
aggregation,
for regions in
column 3
Central Asia
is not
included
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources
p. 5-7 http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
6.1.4.
Water withdrawals total and
by sector, km3 (table)
1995,
2025
Presented by
regions: Western
Europe Eastern
Europe, CIS, Aral
Sea Basin
Water GAP
(BAU)
Calculated by
country
29. CESR, University of Kassel,
Kassel (2000). World water in
2025. Alcamo J., p. 48
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.2.pdf
6.1.5.
Relative change in water
withdrawals (map)
2025
Western Europe
Eastern Europe,
CIS, Aral Sea
Basin
Water GAP
(BAU)
Calculated by
country
Balcans
included to
Eastern
Europe
together with
the 10 EU
new
Balcans
included to
Eastern
Europe
together with
the 10 EU
new
6.2.
Water use
6.2.1.
Water use total, km3 (table)
1995 –
2025
Western Europe
Eastern Europe,
CIS, Aral Sea
Basin
Water GAP
(BAU)
Calculated by
country
30. CESR, University of Kassel,
Kassel (2000). Global estimates
of water withdrawals and
availability… Alcamo (2003), p.
343
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/watclim/pdf/hydr-scipaper2.pdf
6.2.2.
Water demand total and by
sector, km3/year (table)
2005,
2010,
2025
Aral Sea Basin
SPECA
methodology
and SABAS
model
By country
Balcans
included to
Eastern
Europe
together with
the 10 EU
new
No other
countries are
included
30. CESR, University of Kassel,
Kassel (2000). Global estimates
of water withdrawals and
availability… Alcamo (2003), p.
344
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/watclim/pdf/hydr-scipaper2.pdf
31. UN SPECA (2002) Diagnostic
report on water resources in
Central Asia, tables 15, 16
http://www.unece.org/speca/ener
gy/documents/wre.doc
17
07/03/2016
6.3.
Water stress
6.3.1.
Water stress (withdrawals to
availability ratio) (map)
2070
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
scenario
Coarse level
of
aggregation,
for regions in
column 3
Central Asia
not included
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources p. 5-918
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
6.3.2.
Percentage change in water
stress
2070
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
scenario
Coarse level
of
aggregation,
for regions in
column 3
Central Asia
not included
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources p. 5-8
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
6.3.2.a
Percentage change in water
stress (maps)19
1995 –
2025
Results
presented in the
global level
Water GAP,
BAU
Calculated by
countries
Central Asia,
Balkans
Included
29. CESR, University of Kassel,
Kassel (2000). World water in
2025. Alcamo J., p. 30-32
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.2.pdf
6.3.3.
Area of regions and world
(1000 km3) with severe water
stress (i.e. CR less then 4).
% of total area. (table)
2025
Water GAP,
BAU
Calculated by
countries
6.3.4.
Population leaving in areas
with severe water stress. (i.e.
CR less then 4). % total
population (table)
2025
Results
presented in the
regional basis:
Eastern Europe,
CIS, Aral Sea
Basin
Results
presented in the
regional basis:
Eastern Europe,
CIS, Aral Sea
Water GAP,
BAU
Calculated by
countries
29. CESR, University of Kassel,
Kassel (2000). World water in
2025. Alcamo J., p. 29
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.2.pdf
Balkans
included in
Eastern
Europe
together with
29. CESR, University of Kassel,
Kassel (2000). World water in
2025. Alcamo J., p. 29
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.2.pdf
Similar indicators can be found in World Water Vision – WWV (2000), World Water Vision: Making water everybody’s business. Earthscan, London. The assumptions for the
scenarios are similar as in Water GAP and done for the following regions: OECD, Low income and medium income.
19
Map 11. Areas under severe water stress 1995 , New areas under stress, Areas which dropped from the stress . Map 12. Areas under severe water stress with high industrial water
withdrawals 2025 under BAU scenario. Map 13. International river basins under severe water stress 2025 under BAU scenario
18
18
07/03/2016
Basin
6.4.
Access to safe drinking
water and sanitation
6.4.1.
Population with access to
safe drinking water (no data
presented in tables and
graphs, just some figures in
the text)
6.4.2.
Percentage of population
without access to improved
sanitation and
the 2015 MDG target (graph)
6.5.
Floods and draughts
6.5.1.
6.5.2.
Base
line
1995
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS
new EU 10.
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
scenario
Coarse level
of
aggregation,
for regions in
column 3
Turkey
Central Asia
are not
included.
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources p. 2-4.
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
Source: World Bank, 1996. world
development report; WRI, (1998).
World resourses
33. OECD (2005), Meeting the
Millennium Development Goal
Drinking Water and Sanitation
Target in the EECCA region: a
goal within reach ? p.17
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/
8/35372500.pdf
2015
Europe and
Central Asia
Estimations
Change in occurrence of 100
year floods. (map)
19611990,
2020,
2070
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
scenario
Coarse level
of
aggregation,
for regions in
column 3
Under two
CC models:
ECHAM4 and
HadCM3.
Central Asia
is not
included
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources p. 6-12
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
Change in occurrence of 100
year droughts. (map)
Compa
rative
19611990
and
2020,
2070
Western Europe,
Eastern Europe
European CIS
Water Gap,
Baseline – A
scenario
Coarse level
of
aggregation,
for regions in
column 3
Under two
CC models:
ECHAM4 and
HadCM3.
Central Asia
is not
included.
12. CESR, University of Kassel
(2001).
Euro Wasser: Model-based
assessment of European Water
Resources p. 7-14
http://www.usf.unikassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/k
wws/kwws.5.en.htm
19
07/03/2016
7.
Waste
7.1.
Municipal solid waste
generation, mlt
19962020
EU-25, Some
Balkans, Some
FSU
IPCC models
Calculated by
country
7.2.
Municipal solid waste
generation, mlt, % (graph)
19952020
OECD
reference
scenario
Calculated by
region
7.3.
Municipal waste managenet
(bar chart)
19952020
Western Europe,
Central and
Enstern Europe,
Non- OECD21
Wester Europe,
Central and
Enstern Europe,
Non- OECD
OECD
reference
scenario
8.
Terrestrial
8.1.
Land-use changes (map)
Gloab map with
the regions of
Europe and
Russia and North
Asia22
Globio/IMAG
E, Base line
scenario
17002050
Not all
EECCA and
Balkans
reports are
available
yet20
EECCA is
aggregated in
non-OECD
23. IPCC. National
Communications in Compliance
with the Obligations under the
UNFCCC. (see special report)
Calculated by
region
EECCA is
aggregated in
non-OECD
17. OECD environmental outlook
(2001), p 241
http://www1.oecd.org/publications
/e-book/9701011e.pdf
Calculated by
region
Good
illustration
10. The Netherlands
Environmental Assessment
Agency (2006). Cross-roads of
Planet Earth’s Life Exploring
means to meet the 2010
biodiversityTarget
http://www.biodiv.org/doc/gbo2/cb
d-gbo2-global-scenarios.pdf
17. OECD environmental outlook
(2001), p 237
http://www1.oecd.org/publications
/e-book/9701011e.pdf
20
Selected EECCA - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tadzjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Selected Balkans – Albania, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Turkey (not available yet). For some regions the data are presented in form of graphs for some the numbers are presented in text description.
21
FSU – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. In this and the
next indicator FSU is included in non-OECD countries together with Latin, America, China, South East Asia, Africa; Central and Eastern Europe –Czech Rep, Hungary, Poland, Slovak
Republic, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria; Western Europe – Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK.
22
Europe – EU 25 and Balkans, Russia and North Asia – 15 countries of Former Soviet Union
20
07/03/2016
(Klein Goldewijk, 2001; IMAGEteam, 2001). p. 33 Figure 5
8.2.
Land cover distribution %
(bar chart)
2000 –
2050
Europe, Russia
and North Asia
Globio/IMAG
E, Base line
scenario
Calculated by
region
Good
indicator
10. The Netherlands
Environmental Assessment
Agency (2006). Cross-roads of
Planet Earth’s Life Exploring
means to meet the 2010
biodiversity Target
http://www.biodiv.org/doc/gbo2/cb
d-gbo2-global-scenarios.pdf
p. 46 (Russia), p. 53 Europe
9.
Biodiversity23
9.1.
Mean species abundance
development in the baseline
scenario, with
shares in decline per
pressure. (graph, bar chart)
2000 –
2050
Europe, Russia
and North Asia
Globio/IMAG
E, Base line
scenario
Calculated by
region
9.2.
Spatial distribution of
biodiversity in the baseline
development (map)
2000 –
2050
Europe, Russia
and North Asia
Globio/IMAG
E, Base line
scenario
Calculated by
region
23
10. The Netherlands
Environmental Assessment
Agency (2006). Cross-roads of
Planet Earth’s Life Exploring
means to meet the 2010
biodiversity Target
http://www.biodiv.org/doc/gbo2/cb
d-gbo2-global-scenarios.pdf
p. 46 (Russia), p. 53 Europe
10. The Netherlands
Environmental Assessment
Agency (2006). Cross-roads of
Planet Earth’s Life Exploring
means to meet the 2010
biodiversity Target
http://www.biodiv.org/doc/gbo2/cb
d-gbo2-global-scenarios.pdf
Figure 23: p. 82 (Russia) figure
26, p 85 (Europe)
See some indicators at the global level in the list of the additional indicators at the annex 2. Section Biodiversity.
21
07/03/2016
Annex 1. List of references
CESR (2000) Alcamo J., Henrichs T., Rocsh T (2000): World water in 2025 – Global modelling and
scenario analysis for the World Commission on Water for the 21st Century. Reports A 0002, Center for
Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany. Online available:
http://www.usf.uni-kassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/kwws/kwws.2.pdf
CESR (2001) B. Lehner. T. Henrichs, P. Doll, J. Alcamo (2001): Euro Wasser - Model-based assessment
of European Water Resources and hydrology in the face of global change. Kassel World Water Series 5,
Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel.
Online available in pdf: http://www.usf.uni-kassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/kwws/kwws.5.en.htm
CESR (2003b) Alcamo,J., P. Doll, T.Henrichs, F. Kaspar, B. Lehner, T.Rosch and S. Siebert (2003),
Global estimation of water withdrawals and availability under current and ‘business as usual’ conditions.
Hydrological sciences. 48 (3), Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Kassel,
Germany. 339-348, p. 344 Online available: http://www.usf.uni-kassel.de/watclim/pdf/hydr-sci-paper2.pdf
EMEP (2005) Tarrason L., Fagerli, H., Jonson J.E., Klein, H., van Loon, M., Simpson D., Tsyro S.,
Vestreng V., Wind, P., Posch, M., Solberg, S., Spranger, T., Thunis, P. and White, L. (2004),
Transboundary Acidification and Eutrophication and Ground Level Ozone in Europe. Unified EMEP Model
Description. EMEP Status Report 1/2004. online available:
http://www.emep.int/publ/reports/2004/Status_report_int_del5.pdf
FAO (2003) Bruisnsma J., (Ed.) (2003), World agriculture: towards 2015/2030 – An FAO perspective.
Earthscan, London and FAO, Rome.
http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/004/y3557e/y3557e00.htm
FAPRI (2005) U.S. AND WORLD AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK (2005), Food and agriculture Policy
Research Institute Staff Report 1-05, Aims, Iowa online available:
http://www.fapri.iastate.edu/Outlook2005/text/FAPRI_OutlookPub2005.pdf
Geletikha G., etc. (2000). Ukraine: outlook to 2050
IEA (2004) International Atomic Agency (2004) . World energy outlook 2004, OECD/IEA, Paris. Online not
available.
IIASA (2005) Cofala J., Markus A., Mechler R. (2005) Scenarios of World Anthropogenic Emissions of Air
Pollutants and Methane up to 2030. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. Laxemburg,
Austria. Online available: http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/global_emiss/global_emiss.html
IPCC (2000) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Summary for policymakers.
Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (to find a full
version).
IPCC (2000), Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Online available at: http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/emission/ –
Uses IMAGE and Timer models24.
IPCC. National Communications in Compliance with the Obligations under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change. For Annex 1 and non- Annnex 1 Countries. Online available:
http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/items/1395.php. For Annex 2.
http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/items/2979.php
Klaassen G., Amann M., Berglund C., Cofala J., Höglund-Isaksson L., Heyes C., Mechler R., Tohka A.,
Schöpp W., Winiwarter W. (2004) The Extension of the RAINS Model to Greenhouse Gases. Interim
24
Recognises 11 sub-regions clustered in 4 world regions. (Western Europe is in OEAC – 90, SEE and EECCA are in the REF
region, which also include Sub-Sahara Africa)
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Report IR-04-015. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. Laxemburg, Austria. Online
available: http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/reports/ir-04-015.pdf
MNP (2006) The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (2006). Cross-roads of Planet Earth’s
Life Exploring means to meet the 2010 biodiversity Target http://www.biodiv.org/doc/gbo2/cbd-gbo2global-scenarios.pdf
OECD (2001), OECD Environmental Outlook. OECD, Paris. Online available:
http://www1.oecd.org/publications/e-book/9701011e.pdf
OECD (2005), Meeting the Millennium Development Goal Drinking Water and Sanitation Target in the
EECCA region: a goal within reach ? Paris. France Online available in pdf:
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/8/35372500.pdf
RIVM (2001) Hootsmans, Bouwman A., Leemans R., Kreileman G. Modelling land degradation in Image
2. (2001) Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency. Online available.
http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/481508009.pdf
The IMAGE 2.2 implementation of the SRES scenarios A comprehensive analysis of emissions, climate
change and impacts in the 21st century. (2005) Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency. Online
available: http://www.mnp.nl/image/image_products/ (has been ordered for further study) (RIVM – 2005)
UN SPECA (2002), Diagnostic report on water resources in Central Asia. UN Special Programme for
Economies in Central Asia. Online available in pdf:
http://www.unece.org/speca/energy/documents/wre.doc
UN SPECA (2004), Diagnostic report on energy resources in Central Asia. UN Special Programme for
Economies in Central Asia. http://www.unece.org/speca/energy/documents/ere.docc
UNECE Energy Balances for Countries in Transition 1993, 1994-2010 and Energy Prospects in
CIS Countries
UNECE (2001), Energy efficiency and Energy Security in the Commonwealth of Independent States.
Online not available.
UNECE (2005) - Experience of International Organizations in Promoting Energy Efficiency – Ukraine
ECE/ENERGY/59
UNECE (2005) - Experience of International Organizations in Promoting Energy Efficiency – The Russian
Federation
ECE/ENERGY/58
UNECE (2005) - Experience of International Organizations in Promoting Energy Efficiency - Kazakhstan
ECE/ENERGY/57
UNECE (2005) - Experience of International Organizations in Promoting Energy Efficiency - Bulgaria
ECE/ENERGY/56
UNECE (2005) - Experience of International Organizations in Promoting Energy Efficiency - Belarus
ECE/ENERGY/55
UNEP/GRID- Arendal (2002). Vital maps and graphics on climate change. Climate change trends and
scenarios in Tadjikistan. http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/tadjik/vitalgraphics/eng/html/climate.htm
UNEP/GRID-Arendal (2005), Emission Grafics, online library, online available: http://globalis.gvu.unu.edu/
UNESCO/ SABAS (2000). Water related vision for the Aral Sea Basin: for the year 2025. UNESCO, The
Scientific Advisory board for the Aral Aral Basin. Paris. France. Online available in pdf:
http://www.aralvision.unesco.kz/
23
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USEIA (2005), International Energy Outlook 2005, US Energy Information Administration,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/pdf/ieooil.pdf
WBCSD (2004), World Business Council for Sustainable Development, (2004), Mobility 2030: Meeting the
challenges to sustainability. Online available spread sheets at:
http://www.wbcsd.org/web/publications/mobility/smp-model-spreadsheet.xls
World Bank (2005). Growth, Poverty and Inequality. Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union.
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTECA/Resources/complete-eca-poverty.pdf
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