CATALOG # PNC105
CIP # 511613
DATE: July 9, 2007
Moberly Area Community College
COMMON SYLLABUS
PNC 105: Fundamentals of Nursing
Current Term
Instructor:
Office number:
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Class days and time:
Course description:
PNC 105-Fundamentals of Nursing
(8-6-11)
This course presents to the student those basic nursing skills, attitudes, and understandings essential
to becoming a practical nurse. Basic skills will be approached from a holistic point of view
considering psychological and environmental effects on individualized client-oriented nursing care.
Prerequisite:
Admission to the practical nursing program
Co-requisites: BIO 205 Human Anatomy, PNC 103 Nutrition, PNC 104 Life Span, PNC 106
Personal and Vocational Concepts and PNC 125 Medication Administration.
Text: Taber, Taber’s Cyclopedic Med. Dict. (2009) 21st Edition. F. A. Davis Publisher. ISBN:
978-0-8036-1559-5.
Berman/Snyder. Nursing Basics for Clinical PR Pearson Publishing. ISBN: 978-0-13-217627-9.
MACC Fundamentals of Nursing Power Pints
MACC Fundamentals of Nursing Syllabus-PN
Other required materials/facilities:
MACC Moberly and/or Mexico skills lab
Skills check-off list purchased from MACC bookstore
Purpose of course: This course is designed to instruct the practical nursing student in the basic
nursing skills, attitudes, and concepts which are essential to becoming a practical nurse. Nursing
skills will be approached from a holistic point of view to include psychological, physiological,
cultural, and environmental impact in planning individualized client care. Preventative and
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restorative nursing are stressed. This course progresses from simple to complex in the knowledge
and skills functions of the practical nurse.
Course objectives:
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Identify the function of the Practical Nurse in the health care delivery field.
Describe the elements of developing effective interpersonal relations within the health care
delivery system.
Explain the holistic approach to health care and the health-illness continuum as it relates to
the application of the nursing process to clients with differing racial, ethical, and cultural
backgrounds.
Demonstrate in writing knowledge of the principles of the Practical Nursing procedures and
skills.
Demonstrate in the nursing laboratory the ability to perform the basic procedures and skills.
Define and use medical and nursing terminology appropriately.
Define essential aspects of communication and the importance of the communication process
for client care.
Identify the responsibility of the Practical Nurse as it relates to the development of leadership
roles and professionalism.
Develop beginning skills in written work on formulating a care plan on a case scenario by
using the 5 steps of the nursing process.
Identify the responsibility of the LPN related to control of infection in IV Therapy.
Identify indications, legal aspects, and applications of armboards and restraints related to IV
Therapy.
Course content:
I.
Nursing in Health and Illness (Health Beliefs and Practices)
A.
Concepts in Health, Wellness and Well-Being
1. Health
2. Personal Definitions of Health
3. Wellness and Well-Being
B.
Models of Health and Wellness
1. Clinical Model
2. Role Performance Model
3. Adaptive Model
4. Agent-Host-Environment Model
5. Health-Illness Continuum
C.
Variables Influencing Health Status, Beliefs, and Practices
1. Internal Variables
2. External Variables
D.
Health Belief Models
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1. Health Locus of Control Model
2. Rosenstock’s and Becker’s Health Belief Models
E.
Health Care Adherence
F.
Illness and Disease
1. Illness and Behaviors
2. Effects of Illness
II. Individual, Family, and Community Health
A. Individual Health
1. Concept of Individuality
2. Concept of Holism
3. Concept of Homeostasis
4. Assessing the Health of Individuals
B. Family Health
1. Functions of the Family
2. Types of Families in Today’s Society
C. Applying Theoretical Frameworks to Individuals and Families
1. Needs Theories
2. Developmental Stage Theories
3. Structural-Functional Theory
D. Community Health
III. Culture and Heritage
A. National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health
Care
1. Demographic Change
2. Immigration
B. Culturalcare Nursing
C. Concepts Related to Culturalcare Nursing
1. Subculture
2. Bicultural
3. Diversity
4. Acculturation
5. Assimilation
6. Race
7. Prejudice
8. Stereotyping
9. Discrimination
10. Culture Shock
D. Heritage Consistency
1. Culture
2. Ethnicity
3. Religion
4. Socialization
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E. Health Traditions
1. Interrelated Aspects
2. Symbolic Examples
F. Selected Parameters for Culturalcare Nursing
1. Health Beliefs and Practices
2. Family Patterns
3. Communication Style
4. Space Orientation
5. Time Orientation
6. Nutritional Patterns
G. Providing Culturalcare
III. Complementary and Alternative Healing Modalities
A. Culture and the Evolution of Terms
B. CAM Use in the United States
C. Concepts of Holism and Holistic Nursing
D. Concepts of Healing
1. Dossey’s Eras of Medicine
2. The Bodymind or Minded Body
E. Healing Modalities
1. Touch Therapies
2. Mind-Body Therapies
3. Aromatherapy
4. Transpersonal Therapies
F. Alternative Medical Therapies
1. Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
2. Chiropractic
3. Herbal Medicine
4. Homeopathy
5. Naturopathy
IV. Critical Thinking and The Nursing Process
A. Critical Thinking
B. Skills in Critical Thinking
C. Attitudes that Foster Critical Thinking
1. Independence of Thought
2. Fair-Mindedness
3. Insight Into Egocentricity and Sociocentricity
4. Intellectual Humility and Suspension of Judgment
5. Intellectual Courage
6. Integrity
7. Perseverance
8. Confidence in Reason
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9. Interest in Exploring Both Thoughts and Feelings
10. Curiosity
D. Standards and Elements of Critical Thinking
E. Applying Critical Thinking to Nursing Practice
1. Problem Solving
2. Decision Making
F. Developing Critical-Thinking Attitudes and Skills
1. Self-Assessment
2. Tolerating Dissonance and Ambiguity
3. Seeking Situations Where Good Thinking is Practiced
4. Creating Environments that Support Critical Thinking
V.
Assessing
A. Overview of the Nursing Process
1. Phases of the Nursing Process
2. Characteristics of the Nursing Process
B. Assessing
C. Collecting Data
1. Types of Data
2. Sources of Data
3. Data Collection Methods
D. Organizing Data
1. Nursing Conceptual Models
2. Wellness Models
3. Nonnursing Models
E. Validating Data
F. Documenting Data
VI.
Diagnosing
A. NANDA Nursing Diagnoses
1. Definitions
2. Types of Nursing Diagnoses
3. Components of a NANDA Nursing Diagnosis
B. The Diagnostic Process
1. Analyzing Data
2. Identifying Health Problems, Risks, and Strengths
3. Formulating Diagnostic Statements
4. Avoiding Errors in Diagnostic Reasoning
C. Ongoing Development of Nursing Diagnoses
VII.
Planning
A. Types of Planning
1. Initial Planning
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2. Ongoing Planning
3. Discharge Planning
B. Developing Nursing Care Plans
1. Standardized Approaches to Care Planning
2. Formats for Nursing Care Plans
3. Multidisciplinary (Collaborative) Care Plans
4. Guidelines for Writing Nursing Care Plans
C. The Planning Process
1. Setting Priorities
2. Establishing Client Goals/Desired Outcomes
3. Selecting Nursing Interventions and Activities
4. Writing Nursing Orders
5. Delegating Implementation
D. The Nursing Interventions Classification
VIII.
Implementing and Evaluating
A. Implementing
1. Relationship of Implementing to Other Nursing Process Phases
2. Implementing Skills
3. Process of Implementing
B. Evaluating
1. Relationship of Evaluating to Other Nursing Process Phases
2. Process of Evaluating Client Responses
3. Evaluating the Quality of Nursing Care
IX.
Documenting and Reporting
A. Ethical and Legal Considerations
1. Ensuring Confidentiality of Computer Records
B. Purposes of Client Records
1. Communication
2. Auditing Health Agencies
3. Research
4. Education
5. Reimbursement
6. Legal Documentation
7. Health Care Analysis
C. Documentation Systems
1. Source-Oriented Record
2. Problem-Oriented Medical Record
3. PIE
4. Focus Charting
5. Charting by Exception
6. Computerized Documentation
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7. Case Management
D. Documenting Nursing Activities
1. Admission Nursing Assessment
2. Nursing Care Plans
3. Kardexes
4. Flow Sheets
5. Progress Notes
6. Nursing Discharge/Referral Summaries
E. Long-Term Care Documentation
F. Home Care Documentation
G. General Guidelines for Recording
1. Date and Time
2. Timing
3. Legibility
4. Permanence
5. Accepted Terminology
6. Correct Spelling
7. Signature
8. Accuracy
9. Sequence
10. Appropriateness
11. Completeness
12. Conciseness
13. Legal Prudence
H. Reporting
1. Change of Shift Reports
2. Telephone Reports
3. Telephone Orders
4. Care Plan Conference
5. Nursing Rounds
X.
Caring, Comforting and Communicating (Integral Aspects of Nursing)
A. Caring
B. Comforting
1. The Comforting Process
2. Comfort
3. Comfort Measures
C. Communicating
1. The Communication Process
2. Modes of Communication
3. Factors Influencing the Communication Process
4. Therapeutic Communication
5. Barriers to Communication
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D. The Helping Relationship
1. Phases of the Helping Relationship
2. Developing Helping Relationships
E. Group Communication
1. Group Dynamics
2. Types of Health Care Groups
F. Communication and the Nursing Process
XI.
Vital Signs (Assessing Health)
A. Body Temperature
1. Regulation of Body Temperature
2. Factors Affecting Body Temperature
3. Alterations in Body Temperature
4. Assessing Body Temperature
B. Pulse
1. Factors Affecting the Pulse
2. Pulse Sites
3. Assessing the Pulse
C. Respirations
1. Mechanics and Regulation of Breathing
2. Assessing Respirations
3. Factors Affecting Respirations
D. Blood Pressure
1. Determinants of Blood Pressure
2. Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
3. Hypertension
4. Hypotension
5. Assessing Blood Pressure
6. Common Errors in Assessing Blood Pressure
E. Oxygen Saturation
1. Factors Affecting Oxygen Saturation Readings
XII.
Health Assessment
A. Physical Health Assessment
1. Preparing the Client
B. General Survey
1. Appearance and Mental Status
2. Vital Signs
3. Height and Weight
C. The Integument
1. Skin
2. Hair
3. Nails
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D. The Head
1. Skull and Face
2. The Eyes and Vision
3. The Ears and Hearing
4. Nose and Sinuses
5. Mouth and Oropharynx
E. Neck
F. Thorax and Lungs
1. Chest Landmarks
2. Chest Shape and Size
3. Breath Sounds
G. Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Systems
1. Heart
2. Central Vessels
3. Peripheral Vascular System
H. Breasts and Axillae
I. Abdomen
J. Musculoskeletal System
K. Neurologic System
1. Mental Status
2. Level of Consciousness (LOC)
3. Cranial Nerves
4. Reflexes
5. Motor Function
6. Sensory Function
L. Female Genitals and Inguinal Area
M. Male Genitals and Inguinal Area
N. Rectum and Anus
XIII.
Asepsis (Integral Components of Client Care)
A. Types of Microorganisms Causing Infections
B. Types of Infections
C. Nosocomial Infections
D. Chain of Infection
1. Etiologic Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit from Reservoir
4. Method of Transmission
5. Portal of Entry to the Susceptible Host
6. Susceptible Host
E. Body Defenses Against Infections
1. Nonspecific Defenses
2. Specific Defenses
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F. Factors Increasing Susceptibility to Infection
1. Supporting Defenses of a Susceptible Host
2. Cleaning, Disinfecting and Sterilizing
G. Isolation Precautions
1. CDC (HICPAC) Isolation Precautions (1996)
2. Compromised Clients
H. Isolation Practices
1. Personal Protective Equipment
2. Disposal of Soiled Equipment and Supplies
3. Transporting Clients with Infections
4. Psychosocial Needs of Isolation Clients
I. Sterile Technique
1. Sterile Field
2. Sterile Gloves
3. Sterile Gowns
J. Infection Control for Health Care Workers
K. Role of the Infection Control Nurse
XIV. Safety
A. Factors Affecting Safety
1. Age and Development
2. Lifestyle
3. Mobility and Health Status
4. Sensory-Perceptual Alterations
5. Cognitive Awareness
6. Emotional State
7. Ability to Communicate
8. Safety Awareness
9. Environmental Factors
XV.
Hygiene
A. Hygiene and Care
B. Skin
C. Feet
1. Developmental Variations
D. Nails
E. Mouth
1. Developmental Variations
F. Hair
1. Developmental Variations
G. Ears
1. Cleaning the Ears
2. Care of Hearing Aids
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H. Nose
I. Supporting a Hygienic Environment
1. Environment
2. Hospital Beds
3. Mattresses
4. Side Rails
5. Footboard or Footboot
6. Bed Cradles
7. Intravenous Rods
J. Making Beds
1. Unoccupied Bed
2. Changing an Occupied Bed
XVI. Skin Integrity and Wound Care
A. Skin Integrity
B. Types of Wounds
C. Pressure Ulcers
1. Etiology of Pressure Ulcers
2. Risk Factors
3. Stages of Pressure Ulcer Formation
D. Wound Healing
1. Types of Wound Healing
2. Phases of Wound Healing
3. Kinds of Wound Drainage
4. Complications of Wound Healing
5. Factors Affecting Wound Healing
XVII. Sensory Perception (Promoting Psychosocial Health)
A. Components of the Sensory Experience
1. Arousal Mechanism
B. Sensory Alterations
1. Sensory Deprivation
2. Sensory Overload
3. Sensory Deficits
C. Factors Affecting Sensory Function
1. Developmental Stage
2. Culture
3. Stress
4. Medications and Illness
5. Lifestyle and Personality
XVIII. Spirituality
A. Spirituality Described
1. Spiritual Needs
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B.
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D.
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2. Spiritual Well-Being
3. Spiritual Distress
Related Concepts
1. Religion
2. Faith
3. Hope
4. Transcendence
5. Forgiveness
Spiritual Development
Spiritual Practices Affecting Nursing Care
1. Holy Days
2. Sacred Writings
3. Sacred Symbols
4. Prayer and Meditation
5. Beliefs Affecting Diet and Nutrition
6. Beliefs Related to Healing
7. Beliefs Related to Dress
8. Beliefs Related to Birth
9. Beliefs Related to Death
Spiritual Health and the Nursing Process
XIX. Stress and Coping
A. Concept of Stress
1. Sources of Stress
2. Effects of Stress
B. Models of Stress
1. Stimulus-Based Models
2. Response-Based Models
3. Transaction-Based Models
C. Indicators of Stress
1. Physiologic Indicators
2. Psychologic Indicators
3. Cognitive Behaviors
D. Coping
XX.
Loss, Grieving, and Death
A. Loss and Grief
1. Types and Sources of Loss
2. Grief, Bereavement and Mourning
3. Stages of Grieving
4. Factors Influencing the Loss and Grief Responses
B. Dying and Death
1. Responses to Dying and Death
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2. Definitions and Signs of Death
3. Legalities Related to Death
4. Death-Related Religious and Cultural Practices
XXI. Activity and Exercise (Promoting Physiologic Health)
A. Normal Movement
1. Alignment and Posture
2. Joint Mobility
3. Balance
4. Coordinated Movement
B. Exercise
1. Types of Exercise
2. Benefits of Exercise
C. Factors Affecting Body Alignment and Activity
1. Growth and Development
2. Physical Health
3. Mental Health
4. Nutrition
5. Personal Values and Attitudes
6. External Factors
7. Prescribed Limitations
D. Effects of Immobility
1. Musculoskeletal System
2. Cardiovascular System
3. Respiratory System
4. Metabolic System
5. Urinary System
6. Gastrointestinal System
7. Integumentary System
8. Psychoneurologic System
XXII. Rest and Sleep
A. Physiology of Sleep
1. Circadian Rhythms
2. Stages of Sleep
3. Sleep Cycles
B. Functions of Sleep
C. Normal Sleep Patterns and Requirements
1. Newborns
2. Infants
3. Toddlers
4. Preschoolers
5. School-Age Children
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6.
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8.
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Adolescents
Young Adults
Middle-Aged Adults
Elders
D. Factors Affecting Sleep
1. Illness
2. Environment
3. Fatigue
4. Lifestyle
5. Emotional Stress
6. Stimulants and Alcohol
7. Diet
8. Smoking
9. Motivation
10. Medications
E. Common Sleep Disorders
1. Parasomnias
2. Primary Sleep Disorders
XXIII. Fecal Elimination
A. Physiology of Defecation
1. Large Intestine
2. Rectum and Anal Canal
3. Defecation
B. Factors that Affect Defecation
1. Development
2. Diet
3. Activity
4. Psychologic Factors
5. Defecation Habits
6. Medications
7. Diagnostic Procedures
8. Anesthesia and Surgery
9. Pathologic Conditions
10. Pain
C. Fecal Elimination Problems
1. Constipation
2. Diarrhea
3. Bowel Incontinence
4. Flatulence
D. Bowel Diversion Ostomies
1. Permanence
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2. Anatomic Location
3. Construction of Stoma
XXIV. Urinary Elimination
A. Physiology of Urinary Elimination
1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
5. Urination
B. Factors Affecting Voiding
1. Developmental Factors
2. Psychosocial Factors
3. Fluid and Food Intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle Tone
6. Pathologic Conditions
7. Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures
C. Altered Urine Production
1. Polyuria
2. Oliguria and Anuria
D. Altered Urinary Elimination
1. Frequency and Nocturia
2. Urgency
3. Dysuria
4. Enuresis
5. Urinary Incontinence
6. Urinary Retention
7. Neurogenic Bladder
XXV. Oxygenation
A. Physiology of the Respiratory System
1. Structure of the Respiratory System
2. Pulmonary Ventilation
3. Alveolar Gas Exchange
4. Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
B. Respiratory Regulation
C. Factors Affecting Respiratory Function
1. Age
2. Environment
3. Lifestyle
4. Health Status
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5. Medications
6. Stress
D. Alterations in Respiratory Function
1. Hypoxia
2. Altered Breathing Patterns
3. Obstructed Airway
General notes: A lecture-discussion-demonstration approach is utilized to instruct the student in
theory and practice in practical nursing. Students are allowed practice time in the nursing skills lab
and are required to perform a return demonstration to prove mastery of the skill. Guest speakers,
videos, transparencies, computer programs or web-sites, and various pieces of medical equipment are
incorporated into the curriculum. The ability to perform the knowledge and skill attained in lecture
and lab will be presented in November when the student will be required to attend morning clinical
in place of the Wednesday morning lab. See Fundamentals guidelines for lab and clinical.
Grading Scale for Fundamentals Clinical and Lab
DAILY POINT TOTAL FOR CLIENT CARE:
Completion of mini-assessment- one daily for 3 days of care.........20 points
Submission of a nursing diagnosis and three interventions..............5 points
Total points for three days of care.............................75 POINTS
Clinical Evaluation for Fundamentals.....................................................................100 POINTS
Lab evaluation for Fundamentals..........................................................................100 POINTS
Additionally, 78% of the skills must be mastered in the skills lab (this is in addition to the lab
evaluation grade).
The Clinical and lab values will be combined to reach the lab grade for the Fundamentals
course.
A copy of the skills lab evaluation tool and it’s indicators follows this grade summary. The
same tool is used to evaluate the student in the lab and clinical settings.
Program outcomes and assessment: The practical nursing faculty continually strives to meet the
needs of the practical nursing student through program improvements. This is a cooperative effort
that includes input from the faculty, students, the Practical Nursing Advisory Board and other
appropriate agencies or entities. Students are assessed on mastery of the course concepts and
essential skills throughout the courses of the Practical Nursing program. Other program assessments
are part of the Comprehensive Nursing Assessment Plan that includes clinical performance criteria,
essential skills mastery, the clinical process evaluation, NCLEX-PN testing, successful licensure,
placement rates, follow-up surveys, and approval by the Missouri State Board of Nursing.
Instructor policies:
Academic Dishonesty: MACC board policy is as follows: “Academic dishonesty by students
damages institutional credibility and unfairly jeopardizes honest students; therefore, it will not be
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tolerated in any form.” Forms of academic dishonesty include but are not limited to the following:
violations of copyright law, plagiarism, fabrication, cheating, collusion, and other academic
misconduct. Incidents of dishonesty regarding assignments, examinations, classroom/laboratory
activities, and/or the submission of misleading or false information to the College will be treated
seriously. The procedure for handling academic dishonesty is outlined in the Student Handbook
(Policy Handbook M.010). In cases of alleged academic dishonesty, the burden of proof is on the
student, not on the instructor.
Attendance:
Daily attendance records will be kept on all students. Absenteeism is discouraged. Attendance of
classroom and clinical activities in the practical nursing program differs from the college attendance
policy and is outlined in the Practical Nursing Student Handbook.
Tardiness, make-up and late work:
Refer to the Practical Nursing Student Handbook.
Program Assessment: 78% is required to pass each course component-lab/clinical and theory.
Specific grading policies are outlined elsewhere in this syllabus. There will be a minimum of 6
exams for the theory portion of the course.
Assessment of Student Learning:
There will be at least 6 exams or projects in this course. The cumulative grade will be calculated
using the following criteria:
Unit Examsand/or projects:
70%
Quizzes, Homework, etc.:
5%
Final:
25%
Clinical and/or Lab:
Pass/Fail (must earn at least 78% to Pass)
The grade scale for this course is as follows:
:
A-92-100
B-83-91
C-78-82
D-66-77
F-66 and below
Failure to complete this course with a 78% or grater will result in dismissal from the program. A
78% must be achieved in both the theoretical component as well as the clinical component to receive
a passing grade.
ADA Statement
Students who have disabilities that qualify under the Americans with Disabilities
Act may register for assistance through the Office of Access and ADA Services.
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Students are invited to contact the Access Office to confidentially discuss
disability information, academic accommodations, appropriate documentation
and procedures. For more information, please call either the Moberly office at
(660) 263-4100 x 11240 or the Columbia office at (573) 234-1067 x 12120, or
visit our web page at http://www.macc.edu/index.php/services/access-office.
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