Spanish American War
The Cuban Rebellion Begins
Cuba colony of ______________________
____________________ in Cuba made Spain wealthy (1/3 world’s sugar cane)
1868 Cuban rebels declare independence and launched ____________________
against Spanish authorities
Rebellion failed
Many leaders fled to ______________________
_____________ brought together Cuban exiles and raised $ to launch 2 nd invasion
New rebellion began in ____________________
Americans Support Cubans
1) Compared Cuba’s struggle to _____________________________
2) _______________________________ - Sensationalist reporting where writers often
exaggerated or made up stories to attract readers
Dramatic stories of atrocities from New York Journal (_________________) and
New York World (____________________) led US citizens to side with Cubans
- only got info from Cuban sources (bias info)
3) General ________________________ became the governor of Cuba
Nicknamed ‘_____________________________’
He forced Cuban villagers into ‘reconcentration camps to keep them
from aiding the rebels (1/3 died of starvation and disease)
Cubans suffered many casualties during the guerilla war
_______________________ troops sent over by Spain to end rebellion
4) de Lome letter
Spain’s minister to the US ridiculed ______________________ for being weak
Americans were outraged at the insult
5) Explosion of the Maine
Maine battleship exploded in Cuban harbor on _________________________
Blamed on Spanish mine but could have been fire that ignited ammunition
Americans demanded _____________________________ after hearing this
April 19 Congress declared Cuba independent and demanded Spain withdraw
and ___________________________________________
On __________________________ Spain declared war on US
A War on Two Fronts
US Takes the Philippines
Philippines was a _________________________ colony
US Navy attacked Spanish fleet in _____________________ to keep them from traveling
east to attack US
Battle of Manilla Bay (__________) –Commodore Dewey led squadron into Manilla Bay
– quick victory
Dewey contacted Filipino revolutionary leader __________________________
Wanted him to launch guerilla warfare to gain Filipino ______________
Americans and Aguinaldo seized Philippine capital of ___________________
Philippines surrendered on __________________________________
American Forces Battle in Cuba
Most American died in ______________________ due to unsanitary conditions causing
disease epidemics
(2000 deaths)
__________________________ – mix of cowboys, minters and law officers who were
volunteer fighters
Second in Command = _______________________________
___________________________- African American troops that made up 1/4th of the soldiers
July 1 – American troops attacked ________________ and ________________________
Rough Riders seize _______________________ and then assisted the other group
in taking San Juan Hill
Spanish ships tried to flee harbor but on July 3 American warships guarding entrance
attacked them
Surrender of _____________________________ ended Spanish resistance
Aug 12 1898 – Spain agreed to cease fire
American Empire
Debate over what to do with newly acquired lands
____________________________ – said once Cuba was free the US would leave and
control of the island up to the Cuban people
US annexed ____________________ and __________________________
What about the Philippines?
Reasons for Annexation:
1)
2) Economic benefits – large market for trade, stop over on the way to
China for trade
4)
Reasons Against Annexation:
1) Competition from cheap Filipino labor drive down US wages
2)
3) Export oppression
Treaty of Paris – December 10 1898 Spain gave US Guam and PR
US pay Spain ____________________________________ for Philippines
Cuba and Platt Amendment
US established ______________________________________ in Cuba after war
McKinley wanted Cuba tied to the US
Cuba was allowed to create their own constitution with conditions
Platt Amendment said:
1) No treaty with another nation that weaken their independence
2)
3) Cuba keep debt low to prevent foreign countries from going
to Cuba to enforce payment
4)
Governing Puerto Rico and the Foraker Act (1900)
At first not US citizens which meant __________________________
___________________- gained citizenship
__________________ – allowed to elect governor
Continued debate over allowing Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state or
continue as a commonwealth
Philippines
Filipinos furious over annexation
Fought for independence from Spain only to trade it for _____________________
Aguinaldo and other Filipino nationalist fought for _______ years against US
Aguinaldo captured and told guerillas to surrender
US started giving Philippines more freedom
Vote for lower house
Elect both houses - 1916
Full independence - 1946