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Secondary Sources Adburgham, Alison. Shops and Shopping 1800-1914: Where, and in What Manner the Well Dressed Englishwoman Bought her Clothes. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1964. Allen, Arthur B. Victorian England 1850-1900: The Complete Background Book. London: Barrie and Rockliff, 1956. Ames, Kenneth L. Death in the Dining Room and Other Tales of Victorian Culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992. Anderson, Jay. Time Machines: The World of Living History. Nashville, Tennessee: The American Association for State and Local History, 1984. ---The Living History Sourcebook. Nashville, Tennessee: The American Association for State and Local History, 1985. Aries, Philippe. Western Attitudes toward Death: From the Middle Ages to the Present. Translated by Patricia M. Ranum. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1974. Batchen, Geoffrey. Forget Me Not: Photography & Remembrance. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004. Beaujot, Ariel. Victorian Fashion Accessories. Oxford, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013. Bedikian, Sonia A. “The Death of Mourning: From Victorian Crepe to the Little Black Dress.” Omega 57, (2008): 35-52. Beetham, Margaret. A Magazine of Her Own: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine 1800-1914. London: Routledge, 1996. Bercaw, Nancy Dunlap. “Solid Objects/Mutable Meanings: Fancywork and the Construction of Bourgeois Culture, 1840-1880.” Winterthur Portfolio vol 26 no 4, (1991): 231-247. Berry, Esther R. “The Zombie Commodity: Hair and the Politics of its Globalization.” Postcolonial Studies 11, (2008): 63-84. Bowman, Michael S. “Performing Southern History for the Tourist Gaze: Antebellum Home Tour Guide Performances.” In Exceptional Spaces: Essays in Performance and History ed. Della Pollock, 142-160. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. Bowman, Ruth Laurion. “Performing Social Rubbish: Humbug and Romance in the America Marketplace.” In Exceptional Spaces: Essays in Performance and History ed. Della Pollock, 121-141. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. 1 Boydston, Jeanne. Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. Brett, Mary. Fashionable Mourning Jewelry, Clothing, and Customs. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2006. Brown, Bill. “Thing Theory.” Critical Inquiry vol 28, no. 1. (2001): 1-22. Brown, Gillian. Domestic Individualism: Imagining Self in Nineteenth-Century America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Brown, Nicola. “Entangled Banks’: Robert Browning, Richard Dadd, and the Darwinian Grotesque.” In Victorian Culture and the Idea of the Grotesque ed. Colin Trodd, Paul Barlow, and David Amigoni, 119-142. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Buck, Anne. Victorian Costume and Costume Accessories. London: Ruth Bean Publishers, 1984. Bury, Shirley. An Introduction to Sentimental Jewellery. London: Stemmer House Publishing, 1986. Burstyn, Joan N. Victorian Education and the Ideal of Womanhood. London: Croom Helm. 1980. Capo, Kay Ellen. “Performing History in the Light of History.” In Exceptional Spaces: Essays in Performance and History ed. Della Pollock, 343-386. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. Carrier, James. “The Symbolism of Possession in Commodity Advertising.” Man vol 24 no 4, (1990): 693-706. Christ, Carol. “Painting the Dead: Portraiture and Necrophilia in Victorian Art and Poetry.” In Death and Representation, ed. Sarah Webster Goodwin and Elisabeth Bronfen, 133-151. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1993. Church, Roy. “Advertising Consumer Goods in Nineteenth-century Britain: Reinterpretations.” Economic History Review vol 53. (2000): 621-645. Cobb, Daniel M. and Helen Sheumaker. Memory Matters: Proceedings from the 2010 Conference Hosted by the Humanities Center of Miami University of Ohio. New York: State University of New York, 2010. Cooper, Diana and Norman Batershill. Victorian Sentimental Jewellery. Devon: Latimer Trend & Company, 1972. Crow, Duncan. The Victorian Woman. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1971. 2 Curran, Laura. “Photographic Portrait Jewelry: Object, Memory, and Mourning.” http://www.lauracurran.com/pages/research-paper-photographic-portrait-jewelry-objectmemory-and-mourning. Accessed June 2011. Damousi, Joy. Labor of Loss: Mourning, Memory, and Wartime Bereavement in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Davidson, Caroline. A Woman’s Work is Never Done: A History of Housework in the British Isles 1650-1950. London: Chatto and Windus, 1982. Dawson, Gowan. Darwin, Literature, and Victorian Respectability. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Deetz, James. In Small Things Remembered: The Archeology of Early American Life. New York: Anchor Books, 1977. DeLorme, Maureen. Mourning Art and Jewelry. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 2004. Draznin, Yaffa Claire. Victorian London’s idle-Class Housewife: What She Did All Day. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001. Evans, Joan. A History of Jewelry, 1100-1870. Boston: Boston Book and Art, 1970. Farrell, James J. Inventing the American Way of Death, 1830-1920. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1980. Ferguson, Niall. The Pity of War. Penguin: Great Britain, 1999. Formanek-Brunell, Miriam. Made to Play House: Dolls and the Commercialization of American Girlhood, 1830-1930. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. Fricker, Robert. “Victorian Poetry in Modern English Criticism.” English Studies vol 24, no 1. (1942): 129-141. Gere, Charlotte and Judy Rudoe. Jewelry in the Age of Queen Victoria: A Mirror to the World. London: The British Museum Press, 2010. Gittings, Clare. Death, Burial, and the Individual in Early Modern England. London: Croom Helm Ltd., 1984. Gorham, Deborah. The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1982. Gorst, Harold E. The Earl of Beaconsfield. London: Blackie & Son, 1900. 3 Grier, Katherine C. Culture and Comfort: Parlor Making and Middle-Class Identity, 1850-1930. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1988. Hall, Martin and Stephen W. Silliman. Historical Archaeology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Haug, Joanne. “Victorian Hair Jewelry.” http://www.victoriana.com/Jewelry/victorian-hairjewelry.html. Accessed June 2011. Hellerstein, Erna Olafson, Leslie Parker Hume, and Karen M. Offen. Victorian Women. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1981. Hobsbawm, Eric. The Invention of Tradition, ed. Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Hoppen, K. Theodore. The Mid-Century Victorian Generation: 1846-1886. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Hotz, Mary Elizabeth. Literary Remains: Representations of Death and Burial in Victorian England. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2009 Inglis, Ken. “Men, Women, and War Memorials: Anzac Australia.” Daedalus 116, (1987): 3559. Jalland, Patricia. Death in the Victorian Family. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. ---“Victorian Death and Its Decline 1850-1918.” In Death in England: An Illustrated History, ed. Peter C Jupp and Clare Gittings, 230-255. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1999. Jenkyns, Richard. The Victorians and Ancient Greece. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980. John, Juliet and Alice Jenkins. Rethinking Victorian Culture. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000. Jorgensen-Earp, Cheryl R. and Lori A. Lanzilotti. “Public Memory and Private Grief: The Construction of Shrines at the Sites of Public Tragedy.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 84, (1998): 150-170. Kortsch, Christine Bayles. Dress Culture in Late Victorian Women’s Fiction: Literacy, Textiles, and Activism. Farnham, UK: Ashgate Press, 2009. Laqueur, Thomas W. “Memory and the Naming in the Great War,” in Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity, ed. John. R. Gillis, 150-167. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994. 4 ---”Bodies, Death, and Pauper Funerals.” Representations 1, (1983): 109-131. Levine, Philippa. Victorian Feminism: 1850-1900. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1987. Loeb, Lori Anne. Consuming Angels: Advertising and Victorian Women. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Lutz, Deborah. “The Dead Still Among Us: Victorian Secular Relics, Hair Jewelry, and Death Culture.” Victorian Literature and Culture 39, (2011): 127-142. Madison, D. Soyini. “That Was My Profession: Oral Narrative, Performance, and Black Feminist Thought.” In Exceptional Spaces: Essays in Performance and History ed. Della Pollock, 319-341. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. Marshall, Nancy Rose and Malcom Warner. James Tissot: Victorian Life/Modern Love. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. Mavor, Carol. Pleasures Taken: Performances of Sexuality and Loss in Victorian Photographs. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. McCracken, Grant. Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. McMurtry, Jo. Victorian Life and Victorian Fiction: A Companion for the American Reader. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, 1979. Miller, Leslie Shannon. "The Many Figures of Eve: Styles of Womanhood Embodied in a LateNineteenth-Century Corset." American Artifacts: Essays in Material Culture (2000): 129148. Mintz, Steven. A Prison of Expectations. New York: New York University Press, 1983. Mitchell, Sally. Daily Life in Victorian England. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996. Morley, John. Death, Heaven, and the Victorians. London: Studio Vista, 1971. Mourning-Victorian Era. Australia Museum. http://australiamuseum.net.au/mourning-Victorianera (accessed March 2, 2012). Murray, Janet Horowitz. Strong-Minded Women and Other Lost Voices from Nineteenth-Century England. New York: Pantheon Books, 1982. Navarro, Irene Guggenheim. “Hairwork of the Nineteenth Century.” The Magazine Antiques 159 (2001): 484-493. 5 Oliver, Kathleen M. “With My Hair in Crystal Mourning Clarissa.” Eighteenth-Century Fiction 23 (2010): 35-60. Ownsbey, Betty J. “In Mourning: Victorian Funeral Memorials and Mementos.” A Special Exhibit, Surratt House Museum. (2000): 1-22. Packard, Jerrold M. Farwell in Splendor: The Passing of Queen Victoria and Her Age. New York: Penguin Group, 1995. Pike, Martha. “In Memory of: Artifacts Relating to Mourning in Nineteenth Century America.” Journal of American Culture 3, no. 4. (1980): 642-659. Pleck, Elizabeth. Celebrating the Family: Ethnicity Consumer Culture, and Family Rituals. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000. Plunkett, John. Queen Victoria: First Media Monarch. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pointon, Marcia. Portrayal and the Search for Identity. London: Reaktion Books, 2013. Pollard, Arthur. The Victorians. New York: P. Bedrick Books, 1987. Prown, Jules David. “Mind in Matter: An Introduction to Material Culture Theory and Method.” Winterthur Portfolio 17, no. 1. (1982): 1-19. ---“The Truth of Material Culture: History or Fiction.” In American Artifacts ed. Jules David Prown and Kenneth Haltman 11-28. East Lansing: Michigan University Press, 2000. Rappaport, Helen. A Magnificent Obsession: Victoria, Albert, and the Death that Changed the British Monarchy. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2001. ---“The Invitation that Never Came: Mary Seacole After the Crimea.” History Today 55 (2005): 9-15. Richards, Thomas. The Commodity Culture of Victorian England: Advertising and Spectacle, 1851-1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990. Roberts, Elizabeth. A Woman’s Place: An Oral History of Working-Class Women 1890-1940. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1984. Roberts, Helene E. “The Exquisite Slave: The Role of Clothes in the Making of the Victorian Woman.” Signs vol. 2 no. 3 (1977): 554-569. Rugg, Julie. “From Reason to Regulation: 1760-1850.” In Death in England: An Illustrated History ed. Peter C Jupp and Clare Gittings, 202-229. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2000. 6 Salicco, John. “Some Thoughts on First Person Interpretation of Historical Persona.” There was A Time, 2006. http://therewasatime.net. (accessed September 2013). Schaffer, Talia. Novel Craft: Victorian Domestic Handicraft and Nineteenth-century Fashion. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011. Schuyler, R. L. “The Climax of Anti-Imperialism in England.” The Academy of Political Science vol. 35 no. 4 (1921): 537-560. Sheumaker, Helen. Love Entwined: The Curious History of Hair Work in America. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. ---“This Lock You See: Nineteenth-Century Hair Work as the Commodified Self.” Fashion Theory 4 (1997): 421-446. Simon, Nina. The Participatory Museum. Santa Cruz: Museum 20, 2010. Sinnema, Peter W. The Wake of Wellington: Englishness in 1852. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2006. Stabile, Susan M. Memory’s Daughters: The Material Culture of Remembrance in EighteenthCentury America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004. Strange, Julie Marie. “She Cried a Very Little: Death, Grief, and Mourning in Working Class Culture.” Social History 27, (2002): 143-161. Steele, Valerie. Fashion and Eroticism: Ideals of Feminine Beauty from the Victorian Era to the Jazz Age. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1985. Steinbach, Susie L. Understanding the Victorians: Politics, Culture, and Society in NineteenthCentury Britain. New York: Routledge, 2012. Stetz, Margaret. “Would You Like Some Victorian Dressing With That?” Victorian Studies and its Publics 55, (2009): 1916-1944. Stone, Lawrence. The Family, Sex, and Marriage in England 1500-1800. New York: Penguin Books, 1979. ---“The Revival of Narrative: Reflections on a New Old History," Past and Present 85. (1979): 3-24. Tabony, Joanna. “Death, Death, I Know Thee Now! Mourning Jewelry in England and New Orleans in the Nineteenth Century.” PhD. diss., University of New Orleans, 2011. Taylor, Lou. Mourning Dress: A Costume and Social History. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1983. 7 Trudgill, Eric. Madonnas and Magdalens: The Origins and Development of Victorian Sexual Attitudes. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1976. Untermeyer, Louis. Modern British Poetry. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & Company, 1920. Vicinus, Martha. Suffer and Be Still: Women in the Victorian Age. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1972. Wajda, Shirley Teresa and Helen Sheumaker. Material Culture in America: Understanding Everyday Life. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Publishing, 2007. West, Larry J. and Patricia A. Abbott. Antique Photographic Jewelry: Tokens of Affection and Regard. New York: West Companies, Inc., 2005. White, Cynthia L. Women’s Magazines 1693-1968. London: Michael Joseph, 1970. Wheeler, Michael. Heaven, Hell, and the Victorians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Wilson, A. N. The Victorians. New York: W.W. Norton, 2003. ---After the Victorians: The Decline of Britain in the World. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2005. Wilson, Shelagh. “Monsters and Monstrosities: Grotesque Taste and Victorian Design.” In Victorian Culture and the Idea of the Grotesque ed. Colin Trodd, Paul Barlow, and David Amigoni, 143-172. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Wohl, Anthony. “Introduction,” in The Victorian Family, ed. Anthony Wohl, 9-22. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1978. Primary Sources Advertisements English Women’s Domestic Magazine. “A & G Taylor Photographer to the Queen Quarter Page Advertisement, 1877.” London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler, Warwick House, 1877. The Victoria and Albert Museum. ---“Chapman’s Summer Sale Black Silks! Half Page Advertisement July 1888.” London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler, Warwick House, 1888. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“The Holborn Silk Market Black Silks and Black Wool Quarter Page Advertisement October 1878.” London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler, Warwick House, 1866. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. 8 ---“Mourning Toilettes” Picture of Woman and Girl in Mourning Full Page Advertisement for Ladies Patterns at Madame A. Letellier 1890.” London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler, Warwick House, 1890. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Mourning Wear Full Page Advertisement Ladies Patterns at Madame A. Letellier October 1886.” London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler, Warwick House, 1866. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Nicholson’s With Mourning Goods Half Page Advertisement July 1883.” London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler, Warwick House, 1883. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. Illustrated London News. “A Forrer, Hair Jewelry 2 Inch Advertisement January, 1868.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1868. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Antoni Forrer Hair Jeweller 2 Inch Advertisement, September 1865.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1865. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Artist in Hair Dewdney 2 Inch Advertisement, September 1865.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1865. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Black Silks at Jays 2 Inch Advertisement, June 1866.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1866. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Black Silks at Kings 2 Inch Advertisement, June 1866.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1866. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Black Silks! Black Silks! Baker and Crisp 2 Inch Advertisement, November 1866.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1866. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“By Appointment to the Queen Jay’s Mourning House Quarter Page Advertisement March, 1889.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1889. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Court and Family Mourning at Peter Robinson’s, Quarter Page Advertisement, September 1874.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1874. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Elliot and Fry Photographers, Half Page Advertisement, August, 1883.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1883. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Elliot and Fry Photography Studio, Quarter Page Advertisement, September, 1870.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1870. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Fashionable Mourning at Reasonable Prices at Peter Robinson’s Half Page Advertisement July 1890.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1890. The Victoria and Albert Museum 9 Archives. ---“G. Dewdney Artist in Hair 2 Inch Advertisement June 1866.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1866. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Gerard Alie Florist to Her Majesty Quarter Page Advertisement 1891.” London: Ingram Brother’s Publishing, 1891. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Goldsmiths’ and Silversmiths’ Company Half Page Advertisement, March 1891.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1891. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Hair Jewellery G Hooper, Artist in Hair 2 Inch Advertisement, September 1865.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1865. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Hovis Bread Choice of the Queen Half Page Advertisement 1872.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1872. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---Jay’s Mourning House Half Page Advertisement, March 1891.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1891. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Mourning, 1 Guinea and a half the dress Jay’s Advertisement, December 1866.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1866. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Mourning for Families, Jay’s 2 Inch Advertisement, February 1867.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1867. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Mourning Orders in the Country at Jay’s House of Mourning, Half Page Ad, April 1889.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1889. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Peter Robinson Half Page Advertisement January, 1889.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1889. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Spring Novelties at Jay’s Quarter Page Advertisement March, 1889.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1889. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“The Widow’s Crape, Jay’s 2 Inch Advertisement, March 1867.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1867. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Wordley and Co Goldsmiths and Hair Jewellery 2 Inch Advertisement, June 1868.” London: Ingram Brothers Publishing, 1868. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. Myra’s Journal of Dress and Fashion. “Extremely Cheap Clothes that Will Look and Wear Extremely Well, March 1887.” London: 1887. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. Queen Magazine. “Advantages to Nobility and Families of the Highest Rank, Peter Robinson, 10 1882.” London: 1882. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. The Season Lady’s Illustrated Magazine. “Worth et Cie Quarter Page Advertisement 1897.” London: 1897. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Irish Damask Table & House Linen Half Page Advertisement 1887.” London: 1887. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. ---“Stagg, Mantel & Co. Half Page Advertisement April 1887.” London: 1887. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. Books and Booklets Bragg, Lilian Chaplin and Cornelia Maclean Wilder. Savannah’s Antique Hair and Mourning Jewelry. Savannah: Booklet from paper presentation Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences Association and Savannah Historical Research Group, (1945). Campbell, Mark. Self-Instructor-The Art of Hair Work, Dressing Hair, Making Curls, Switches, Braids and Hair Jewelry of Every Description. New York: M. Campbell, 1867. ---The Art of Hair Work: Hair Braiding and Jewelry of Sentiment, ed. Jules and Kaethe Kliot. Berkeley: Lacis Publications, 1989, 1875. Davey, Richard. History of Mourning. London: McCorquodale and Co., 1890. Gaskell, Elizabeth. North and South. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973. Warren, Eliza. Comfort for Small Incomes. London: The Ladies Treasury, 1865. ---How I Managed my Children from Infancy to Marriage. London: Houlston and Wright, 1866. ---How I Manage my House on Two Hundred Pounds a Year. London: Houlston and Wright, 1864. Magazine Articles Aria, E. “Dressing as a Duty and an Art.” The Woman’s World, (November 1889): 476-477. Godey’s Lady Book and Magazine, “Mourning Wear for Women.” May 1863. The Victoria and Albert Museum Archives. Maison, Maitresse de. “On the Etiquette of Mourning.” The Englishwoman’s Domestic Magazine: An Illustrated Journal, (January 1876): 64-67. Mason, Amelia Gere. “Is Sentiment Declining?” Century Illustrated Magazine 61, no. 11 4 (February 1901): 626-634. "Mourning and Funeral Usages,” http://Harpersbazaar.victorian-books.com. April 17, 1886. (Accessed March 2, 2012). “Mourning Toilette.” The Season Lady’s Illustrated Magazine, (October 1886): 8-10. Sylvia’s Home Journal. “Correct Behavior and Dress for First Mourning.” June, 1881. "The House of Mourning: Victorian Mourning & Funeral Customs in the 1890s.” http:// victoriana.com/victorianPeriod/mourning (accessed March 6, 2012). Letters “Lost Letter Reveals Queen Victoria's Pain after Death of Prince Albert,” http://www.telegraph. co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8954977/Lost-letter-reveals-Queen-Victorias-painafter-death-of-Prince-Albert.html, (accessed March 2, 2012), Dec, 14, 2011. “Margaret Carlyle to Jack,” http://carlyleletters,dukejournals.org/cgi/content/full/8/1/lt18350112-tc-jac-o1.html. (Accessed April 22, 2012), 1835. “Quarry Bank Mill Letter: The Death of Emily Greg,” http://www.cheshirelife.co.uk/people/ victorian_letters_of_love_and_loss_from_quarry_bank_mill_1_1924147# (Accessed March 15, 2013), 1876. Photographs of Mourning Jewelry Photography, “Aunt Butler” Jet Brooch circa 1870-1880. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Bee Shaped Mourning Brooch with Braided Hair, circa 1860. Niki Willis, British Museum June 2013. ---Braided Hair Mourning Bracelet with Cross 1901. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Braided Hair Mourning Bracelet with Garnet Clasp circa 1880-1890s. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Brass Brooch with Prince Albert Curls and Photograph of Male, circa 1880s. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Brass Brooch with Oval Shape and Woven Hair circa 1870-1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Brown Hair Bracelet with Gold Trim. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. 12 ---Brown Hair Long Braided and Formed Earrings circa 1870s, Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Brown Hair Earrings in Acorn Shape circa 1870-1890. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Brown Formed Hair Bow Necklace with Two Drops on Chain circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Burroughs Double Memorial Ring, 1815. Niki Willis, Ashmolean Museum. June 2013. --Circular Ring with White and Black Enamel and Woven Hair, circa 1830. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Cameo Mourning Brooch with Braided Hair and Poem circa 1870-1890. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Crescent Shaped Worked Hair Brooch with Three Formed Round Drops and Round Center Drop, circa 1870s-1880s. ---Crystal Lock Pendant with Loose Hair circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Diamond and Amethyst Mourning Brooch with Braided Hair, circa 1860s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Engraved Gold and Ivory Mourning Locket Painted with Watercolor and Embellished with Worked Hair and Pearls, circa 1775-1800. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Engraved with A Pledge of Eternal Affection Gold and Ivory Mourning Locket with Worked Hair and Pearls, circa 1775-1800. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Flower Motif Hair Brooch circa 1870-1890. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Formed Bow Hair Brooch with Amethyst circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Formed Brunette Hair Brooch with Three Round Drops and Pearl in Center, circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Formed Hair Flower Necklace with Gold Ball in Center of Flower circa 1870-1890. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Garnet and Gold Mourning Brooch with Braided Hair circa 1860. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. 13 ---Gold and Turquoise Mourning Heart Pendant with Braided Hair circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Bird Mourning Brooch with Blue Forget me Knot Flower and Braided Hair on Belly circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Bird Mourning Brooch with Gold and Turquoise Heart and Braided Hair on Belly circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Bird Mourning Brooch with Turquoise Flower and Braided Hair circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Bird Mourning brooch with Turquoise Flower and Thistle circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Bird Mourning Brooch with Turquoise Flower and Leaf and Braided Hair circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Egyptian Style Mourning Brooch with Hair circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Etruscan Style Mourning Ring with Braided Shaft circa 1880-1890s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Heart Necklace with Pearls and Braided Hair with EA and JA circa 1870-1890. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Mourning Cross with Blonde Braided Hair 1891. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Mourning Locket with Garnet and Emerald Flower and Braided Hair circa 1860-1880. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Mourning Locket with Turquoise and Pearl Flower and Wrapped Hair circa 1860-1880. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Mourning Ring with Blue Enamel and Braided Hair 1792. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Phoenician Inspired Brooch with Blonde Braided Hair circa 1870s. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Phoenician Inspired Brooch with Brunette Braided Hair circa 1870s. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Ring with Cross on Black Enamel and Braided Hair circa 1870-1890. Niki Willis, 14 British Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Ring with White Enamel Remember Me, 1810. Niki Willis, Ashmolean Museum. June 2013. ---Gold Ring with White Pearl Flower, 1830. Niki Willis, Ashmolean Museum. June 2013. ---Mourning Bracelet with Gold Clasp and Garnets circa 1860-1880. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Mourning Brooch with Photograph and Worked Hair circa 1880-1890s. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Mourning Brooch with Prince Albert Curls and Memorial Message on Back 1847. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Mourning Locket with Emerald and Garnet and Memorial Message on Back circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Mourning Brooch with Picture of Young Children and Bound Hair circa 1867. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Not Lost But Gone Before Mourning Ring 1787. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Pearl, Amethyst, Garnet, and Emerald Mourning Brooch with Braided hair circa 1850s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Pearl and Braided Hair Mourning Brooch 1888. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Pearl Mourning Brooch with Braided Hair and “Walter 1884” on Back. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. ---Pearl Remembrance Case “Ellen” circa 1860. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Pearl Snake Motif Brooch with Braided Hair in Center circa 1880s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Portrait of a Lady, 1826. Niki Willis, Ashmolean Museum. June 2013. ---Portrait of a Member of the Fortnum Family, 1801. Niki Willis, Ashmolean Museum. June 2013. ---Portrait of Thomas Reed, 1760. Niki Willis, Ashmolean Museum. June 2013. ---Round Mourning Brooch with Prince Albert Curls and Heart Drop, circa 1880s. Niki Willis, 15 British Museum. June 2013. ---Shell Shaped Pearl and Loosely Braided Hair Brooch circa 1870s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Snake Earrings and Brooch with Turquoise circa 1850s. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. ---Square Mourning Brooch with Knotted Hair circa 1821. Niki Willis, British Museum. June 2013. Post Mortem Photographs “Cabinet Card, Mother and Child,” http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/236x/ed/e7/7f/ede77 fba36150763a77b8c05cb33a68f.jpg. (Accessed March 14, 2012). “Cabinet Card, Mother and Toddler,” http://keenanmcrae.files.wordpress.com/2012 /12/44.jpeg?w=489. (Accessed April 2, 2012). “Early Cabinet Card, Mother and Child,” http://earthbound-paranormalofiowa.webs.com/postmortem1.jpg. (Accessed August 23, 2013). “Family with dead daughter,” http://www.orderofthegooddeath.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2012/06/postmortem+photo.jpg. (Accessed August 23, 2013). “Five Sisters Mourning the Death of their Father,” http://www.fullerton.edu/arts/art/Begovich _current/WEEPERS.jpg. (Accessed March 14, 2012). “Girl in White Dress with Flowers,” http://ostrobogulation.files.wordpress.com/ 2011/05/dead_people_19.jpg. (Accessed March 12, 2012). “Girl Posed with her Dolls,” http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/236x/87/b8/81/87b881 cef1a94ef7291b7c9e48d44849.jpg. (Accessed January 19, 2013). “Man in Chair,” http:// 3.bp.blogspot.com/-w2otWtzrb3s/T7E6JrTIpWI/AAAAAAAA354/ iVYiguFCNo/s1600/05000000.jpg. (Accessed March 2, 2014). “Memento Mori Card by John Hodges,” http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O38487/mementomori-card-hodges-john. (Accessed January 19, 2012). “Mother and Daughter,” http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/236x/f2/ee/4b/f2ee4bca353a 2a291a5ce0b656c0af1a.jpg. (Accessed August 23, 2013). Photography, Memorial card for Albert, 1861. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. 16 ---Theodore / Taken at Magdala 1/4 of an hour after his death - By Mr. R.R. Holmes, 1868. Niki Willis, Victoria and Albert Museum. June 2013. “Posed Child,” http://cdnimg.visualizeus.com/thumbs/b8/16/b816f46bde6a67a3c1e2 e04de55d639d_h.jpg. (Accessed August 23, 2013). “Siblings, One Deceased one Living,” http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s-tBCZ37Wa--/c_fit,fl_progressive,q_80,w_636/18khxeh5harynjpg.jpg. (Accessed August 23, 2013). “Siblings with Dead Brother,” http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wzkD2R9Au7g/UBx1Yi023ZI/A AAAAAAACnY/Ut3m6TDSvBI/s1600/BoysBoat.jpg. (Accessed August 23, 2013). “Twins,” http://i.ytimg.com/vi/h9NMJ_juYSU/0.jpg. (Accessed August 23, 2013). “Victorian Family with Dead Twins,” http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s-dYLZi6dq--/c_fit,fl_progressive,w_636/18khxk4dm3bx7jpg.jpg. (Accessed August 23, 2013). “Woman with daughter and dead infant,” http://image0-rubylane.s3.amazonaws.com/ shops/1003156/CDVMementoMoriEx78eter.1L.jpg. (Accessed July 13, 2014). “Young Boy in Chair,” http://img842.imageshack.us/img842/4307/anonimo02.gif. (Accessed January 19, 2012). “Young Girl, Sleeping,” http://31.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ljlwptvUn51qikoufo1_400.png. (Accessed January 19, 2012). 17
