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AP BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE – DUE FOR A GRADE
1.
What type of bond is used in the formation of water molecules?
2.
Define adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension. Give an example of each.
What do all three have in common
3.
Define kilocalorie.
4.
List / briefly describe the properties of water and how hydrogen bonding plays
a role in the property.
5.
At what temperature is water the densest?
6.
Why does ice float?
7.
Define hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Which is polar? Nonploar? Examples
8.
How would you make a 1 M substance?
9.
Be able to calculate how many grams of a molecule would make up 1 mol of
of that molecule.
10.
How many times greater is the H+ concentration of a pH of 3 compared to a
pH of 6?
11.
Define organic chemistry.
12.
Describe vitalism and Millers work.
13.
Why can carbon bond with several different elements?
14.
Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?
15.
What are geometric isomers?
16.
Know following functional groups: carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl, carbonyl,
sulfhydryl – structure and function.
17.
What are the four groups of macromolecules?
18.
What is the basic formula of a carbohydrate?
19.
List some examples of polysaccharides.
20.
What type of molecule would have the formula C18H36,O2?
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21.
Know the molecular structure of a steroid.
22.
All 20 amino acids contain a carboxyl group and an amino group. What make
them different from each other?
23.
When two amino acids bond, is water added or removed?
24.
Know the location of the N-terminus and C-terminus of a protein.
25.
What is denaturation? What happens to the molecule’s structure?
26.
Define chaperonin.
27.
How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
28.
For a chemical reaction to form products, the reactants must be able to
overcome a barrier known as what?
29.
What do enzymes do?
30.
What is the active site of an enzyme?
31.
How could you overcome competitive inhibition of an enzyme?
32.
Define coenzyme.
33.
Be able to identify graphs of reactions as either endergonic or exergonic.
Also, know where L G is.
34.
Compare taxis and kinesis.
35.
What is imprinting?
36.
Describe fixed action patterns.
37.
What is a sign stimulus? Give an example.
38.
If proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment, then
behavior is ultimately shaped by evolution
39.
Describe classical conditioning.
40.
How are classical and operant conditionings different?
41.
What defines a population?
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42.
How do you calculate population density?
43.
What are the three types of dispersion? Which one would describe the
human population?
44.
What factors have contributed to the growth of the human population?
45.
Which age group is dominant in a population that is expected to grow the
most in the next 30 years?
46.
What does the competitive exclusion principle state?
47.
What is resource partitioning?
48.
Define and give an example of Mullerian mimicry.
49.
Define and give an example of Batesian mimicry.
50.
What does species richness refer to?
51.
In a biomass pyramid, if you have 200kg of producers, how many kg of
herbivores can be supported? Carnivores?
52.
Compare/contrast primary and secondary succession.
53.
What type of cell is a prokaryote?
54.
What are the parts of a prokaryote cell?
55.
What organelle is involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and
steroids?
56.
What structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported
from the cell?
57.
What is the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane
system?
58.
What cell components are involved in secretion or synthesis?
59.
In what organelle are hydrolytic enzymes found in?
60.
List some similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
61.
What organelles contain DNA?
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62.
What is the function of ribosomes?
63.
Know the functions of mitochondria, peroxisomes, and vacuoles.
64.
What are the major structural components of the cell membrane?
65.
What are the functions of integral membrane proteins?
66.
Know hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic and the effect on cells
67.
List the various cell activities that require energy from ATP.
68.
What accounts for the lateral mobility of lipids and proteins in a cell
membrane?
69.
Define active transport.
70.
Compare/contrast: endocytosis/exocytosis and pinocytosis/phagocytosis.
71.
What is the function of cholesterol?
72.
What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by
breaking down complex molecule?
73.
Define cellular respiration.
74.
Describe oxidation-reduction reaction.
75.
Does the reducting agent in a redox reaction gain or lose electrons?
76.
In the equation for cellular respiration, which molecule is oxidized? Reduced?
77.
Where does glycolysis take place?
78.
What are the products of glycolysis?
79.
Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
80.
What is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
81.
What metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and
fermentation?